multicolored culturalism
DESCRIPTION
A collection of original, contemporary, and oceanic poetry.TRANSCRIPT
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Table of Contents
Introduction
Kepa Barrett: Original Poetry
I walk this life
I walk this Life Commentary
Concrete Poem
Concrete Poem Commentary
Robert Sullivan: Indigenous Poetry
Robert Sullivan Biography
No
Hooked
Waka 66 Hokuleʻa
Waka 57 El Nino Waka
2140AD
2149AD Analysis
Robert Burns: World Poetry
Robert Burns Biography
Lines Written on a Bank Note
The Farewell
In Vain would Prudence
Tho’ cruel Fate
The Cares o’ Love
The Cares o’ Love Analysis
Bibliography
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Introduction
Life was never simply black and white. Nowadays we have colors like Aqua,
Fuchsia, and Razzmatazz. Everywhere we look we see different colors. Colors can
represent a place, a person, and especially a culture. Every nation has a culture and
colors that represent them. In order to become educated in this world we must
learn about each culture and be multicultural.
While I was coming up with a title for my collection of poetry, I evaluated the
poetry I chose and the word “Multicultural” came to mind, meaning a representation
of several different cultures or cultural elements. It was as if, subconsciously, I was
blending a variety of different cultures throughout my collection. However, I
personally didn’t think this word would be an appropriate title for my collection. I
felt that the poetry in my book not only showed the importance of appreciating
different cultures, but I could also visualize the colors of each culture while reading
each poem. This is the reason why I chose Multicolored Culturalism as my title
because of the imagery of colors combined with an appreciation of diversity.
My concrete poem and my original poem both express my ethnic
background. As a young child, I acknowledged that I possessed a multitude of
ethnicities. I was always proud to be Hawaiian, however, I now appreciate and have
pride for all my ethnicities. My concrete poem creates a stark juxtaposition between
the Hawaiian and Portuguese nations. I chose to combine their colors to represent a
blending of two distinct yet very similar cultures. In my original poem I revealed the
story behind my name. My full name combines the French, Hawaiian, and
Portuguese cultures to form the multicultural story of my life.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
I chose Robert Sullivan as my indigenous poet because he is a well-‐
established and intellectual writer. Sullivan embodies multiculturalism within his
work. “2140AD” was the first poem I chose, it had a unique feel to it and I could
visualize the imagery it produced along with the political and social issues exposed.
I believe “No” was a very interesting poem, and I appreciated the way Sullivan
alluded to how some aspects of a culture can never be duplicated artificially. When I
read “Hooked” and “Hokuleʻa” my mind was trying to process the metaphorical
aspects of each poem, because each poem is only a few lines long, I was astonished
by how so much meaning Sullivan conveyed within each poem. Lastly, I chose “Waka
57 El Nino Waka” because it reveals how the sea is no longer reliable for life, and the
poem surrounds different issues facing all human beings.
I wanted to have a different feel of poetry for my world poet. I decided I
wanted a Scottish world poet, as it is an ethnicity of mine that I don’t know much
about. When I found Robert Burns I immediately liked his style of writing because
he explores different social issues, observes the flaws of human nature, and the
affairs of love. “Lines Written On A Bank Note” was the first poem I chose because
Burns writes about how he was never wealthy and he expressed that money was an
evil oppressor. When I read “The Farewell” I automatically had a connection
because the poem is about saying goodbye to your loved ones. My older sister lives
on the mainland and my uncle John passed away 2 years ago on Christmas so I had a
connection with this poem. I also enjoyed the message conveyed in the poem “In
Vain Would Prudence” because judging others by their flaws often make the judge
feel better about themselves by downgrading others. “Tho’ Cruel Fate” is a love
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
poem between Burns and his wife Jean so I believed it was appropriate to show the
“love” aspects of this poet. Lastly, I chose “The Cares o’ Love” because of the way
Burns expressed the different perspectives on love.
My entire collection of poetry revolves around Multiculturalism, and the way
Sullivan and Burns write their poetry gives a broad image of different colors
representing each culture of Europe and Oceania. If the reader analyzes each poem
well enough they will be able to imagine the different colors that will educate them
about different cultures in today’s society.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Kepa Barrett
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
I walk this life I walk this life, a life that is loving, an honorable story, one of a skipped generation, of haole descent. He is the great Walter of the heavens, citizen of the French missionary architect of his moʻopuna. Therefore, a heavenly one a heavenly son, born of Pele and the Moʻo of the Pueo, the Manō, reason for the first sight of love on a common island, in a little wooden church having been baptized after his namesake, Iokepaokalani. I am of the white man, the brown man, of the “red” and “green.” I walk this life of the French, the Hawaiian, and the Portuguese.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
“I Walk This Life” Commentary
My original poem compares three of my five different ethnicities with the use
of my full name Walter Iokepaokalani Barrett. My full name consists of three
different names and three different ethnicities. My first name, Walter, is French, my
middle name Iokepaokalani is Hawaiian, and my last name Barrett is Portuguese.
The title of my original poem is “I Walk This Life,” meaning that I walk this life with
my name that is basically my life story.
The first stanza is about my first name, Walter. I was named Walter after my
grandfather who is of French and Hawaiian descent. I describe my grandfather’s
generation as the “skipped generation” because their generation was thrown into
colonization and never learned how to speak ‘Ōlelo Hawaiʻi. Also, I describe my
grandfather as an “architect of his moʻopuna.” I used this description because my
grandfather is my kupuna so he is like the foudation of my life so he is part of who I
am, and that is why my first name honors him and my French bloodline.
The second stanza speaks of my middle name Iokepaokalani. Since it is my
Hawaiian name I make a reference to all my aumakua: Pele, the shark, the lizard,
and the owl. The literal meaning of Iokepaokalani is “Son of the Heaven,” and I was
named after the man who is responsible for how my mother and father met. His
name is father Joseph Priestly and his Hawaiian name is Iokepaokalani. He was a
friend of both my mother and father’s families and he invited them to a service. My
father first caught site of my mother because she was dancing hula for the church
service in Waiheʻe, Maui. I make an allusion to father Joseph in my poem in the line
“reason for the first sight of love.” This line describes him as the reason for my
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
mother and father’s first sight of each other. Father Joseph is also the priest that
baptized me and I honor him everyday carrying his name as my own.
The last three lines of the second stanza make a reference to my full name:
Walter being of the white man, Iokepaokalani being of the brown man, and Barrett
being of “red” and “green” for the national flag. Unfortunately, my last name doesn’t
have much of a long and deep story to it; however, it is a name that has been carried
down for generations and each of my kupuna has a different story to tell from their
life experiences with their name.
I walk this life of the French, the Hawaiian, and the Portuguese. Each name
represents a different ethnicity and it illustrates my life story of where I come from.
Therefore, since I know where I come from and whom I honor, it helps me to make
the right choices in my life to make my kupuna and my family proud.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Concrete Poem Commentary
I chose to do a stark juxtaposition between two different nationalities for my
concrete poem. The name of my poem is Ka Ihe verses Canhões. The literal translation of
this name is “The spears verses Canons.” My concrete poem contrasts the Hawaiian and
Portuguese nations by utilizing their national flags and parts of their national anthems.
While my poem shows many differences between the Hawaiian and Portuguese nations,
it also shows the similarities within each nation’s existence. The flags contrast with each
other in an ornate manner, the blending of the flags contrasts the cultures, and the words
of both national anthems create a powerful interpretation.
First, I wanted to create an obvious contrast between the Hawaiian and
Portuguese flag. I placed the Hawaiian flag in front of the Portuguese and flag used
Microsoft Word to make it transparent so that both flags were visible. This shows
significant contrast between each nation because both flags are represented and are
plainly shown. Also, the colors of the flags blend to create other colors. This represents
how there is a significant amount of Portuguese and other nationalities living in Hawaiʻi.
However, there is also a reason why I placed the Hawaiian flag in the front of the
portuguese flag and made it transparent. The Hawaiian people were the first to come to
Hawaiʻi and were the first to establish themselves. Over the centuries the Hawaiian
nation has begun to fade and crumble much like how the paper is crumbled in my
concrete poem. The Portuguese seal, like many other nationalities, is taking over the
Hawaiian nation. Therefore, the ornate manner of the flags creates a blending of cultures.
Second the blending of cultures is also what makes a stark difference between
both nations. I chose to compare the Hawaiian and Portuguese nations because they were
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
so different from each other. Portugal is a continental nation in Western Europe that
border’s the Atlantic Ocean and is primarily made up of Caucasians. HawaiʻI, on the
other hand, is an island nation in the middle of the Pacific and is made up of Polynesians.
These differences are acknowledged in my concrete poem, and they are the foundation
for the similarity within each nation’s anthem.
Lastly the words of both the Portuguese and Hawaiian national anthems create a
powerful interpretation within this poem. At first I wanted to present the chorus of each
national anthem next to each other on the flags, however, I looked up the meanings for
each chorus and I was astonished at the similarities between them. The chorus for the
national anthem of Portugal, A Portuguesa, is `As armas! `As armas! Sobre a terra e
sobre o mar! `As armas! `As armas! Pela Pa'tria lutar! Contra os canhões, marchar,
marchar! the translation means “To arms! To arms! On land and sea! To arms! To arms!
To fight for our Homeland! Against canons, march, march!” Afterwards I realized that
Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī had a similar meaning. The Hawaiian national anthem calls upon the
royal father, Kamehameha, who shall defend in war with spears. So I decided to take
excerpts from each anthem to create a powerful interpretation. The approximate meaning
is “Royal father to arms to arms, shall defend in war to fight for our Homeland! With
spears, against cannons, march, march!” This combination of the anthems creates an
interpretation that Kamehameha is going against enemy canons with spears. Therefore, I
decided to make the title of my poem Ka Ihe verses Canhões.
While my concrete poem shows many differences between the Hawaiian and
Portuguese nations, it also shows the similarities within each nation’s existence. The
comparing and contrasting flags show a deep allusion to the Hawaiian culture fading, the
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
blending of the flags represent a contrast between each culture, and the combination of
Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī and A Portuguesa create a powerful interpretation for each nation’s
morals. I am proud of my Hawaiian and Portuguese ancestry, and this poem shows just
how different a person’s ethnic background can be.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Robert Sullivan
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Robert Sullivan
Known as one of the most intellectual Maori poets in modern times, Robert
Sullivan creates poems that blend modern and traditional aspects of Maori culture
within his style of literature. He was born in 1967 as a member of the Nga Puhi iwi
tribe. Since 1986 he has published four books of poetry including the book Star
Waka, which consists of 101 poems and was shortlisted in the poetry section of the
2000 Montana New Zealand book awards. Sullivan lives in Auckland and is the
Maori Services Manager at the University of Auckland Library (New Zealand Book
Council).
Sullivan grew up in the northlands of New Zealand as a son of a mother from
Karetu and a father from Kilbirnie, Wellington (aenjournal). He graduated from the
University of Auckland where he took a course in modern American history. A
significant amount of Sullivan’s poems create a stark juxtaposition between Maori
and Western cultures. One of Sullivan’s most influential poets is Frank O'Hara
because of his style of writing. He incorporates a unique blending within his writing
much like how Sullivan does in his poems. One example of Frank O’Hara’s unique
writing is from a poem he wrote called “A Quiet Poem” comparing many aspects of
imagery and metaphorical references. “The cloud is then so subtly dragged/ away
by the silver flying machine/ that the thought of it alone echoes” (O’Hara 2003). The
reader may imagine this line as a cloud that is peacefully floating through the sky
and is suddenly dragged away by a quite plane passing by and the thought of the
cloud being dragged away echoes in ones mind like a subtle sound emanating from
the heavens.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
One powerful poem Sullivan wrote called “Waka 99” expresses how, if
traditional canoes were resurrected from the past, and then they would come from
the blood of the people in the pacific. Sullivan writes that the waka would not come
out of the museums, or they wouldn’t just come out of the mountains as if liquefied
from a frozen state. Also, Sullivan illustrates that it wouldn’t simply come out of the
“South Island wood,” waiting for canoe making practitioners to show up and build.
Sullivan concludes this powerful poem stating that the resurrection of waka would
come from the blood of the Pacific. Sullivan writes: “the resurrection would
happen/ in the blood of the men and women/ the boys and girls/ who are blood
relations” (Sullivan 1999:109). This line may be interpreted as the waka
representing the Maori culture, and the only way to restore and continue their
culture is through the Maori people. The men and women must pass down their
knowledge to the children so that they can pass their knowledge to future
generations, thereby, resurrecting their waka and culture.
Sullivan’s blend of poetry is refined by his awareness of Maori, religious, and
social issues. Sullivan is a multicultural man and is proud of all his bloodlines. From
New Zealand to Hawaiʻi he worked as an assistant professor of English at the
University of Mānoa, where he taught a creative writing and Pacific literature class.
He won or was nominated in several national literary awards. His unique urban
style of writing focuses on social, racial, and cultural issues. Sullivan expresses
different messages of importance through is poetry, which is something that many
poets wish to achieve.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
“2140AD” Analysis
In Star Waka, Robert Sullivan wrote a very powerful poem called “2140AD.”
Of the 101 poems in the book this particular poem had a distinctive feel to it where
it blends modern and traditional aspects of society. The literary techniques Sullivan
used in this poem gave it a myriad amount of hidden messages. Although some of
the metaphors behind this poem are a mystery, some of these messages compare
and contrast waka with modern technology, religious beliefs, and political issues.
Sullivan incorporates all his skills into this poem.
“2140AD” begins with this line: “Waka reaches for stars – mission control
clears us for launch/ and we are off to check the guidance system personally”
(Sullivan 1999:7). The author used a New Zealand canoe as a metaphor for a
modern day rocket. The crew of the canoe is the crew of the rocket ship asking for
mission control to clear them for launch. Similarly to how rocket crews check the
guidance system, so does the crew of a canoe to make sure everything is prepared
and in good condition. This is one of the most special metaphors hidden in this
poem because both the waka and a rocket reach for the stars and are a mechanism
of knowledge and discovery.
The following line exposes religious controversy: “Some gods are Greek to us
Polynesians” (Sullivan 1999:7). This shows how the Maori culture has lost a
significant amount of their religious traditions and identities. Much like the
Hawaiian culture, other nations tried to colonize New Zealand, and the Maori people
were severely influenced by foreign cultures. Although it is not well known why
Sullivan alludes to Greek gods, the message is clear, that the religious identity of the
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Polynesians are significantly influenced by foreign cultures. Also if some gods are
Greek to the Polynesians then that means they are clueless as to which deity they
worship, therefore, loss of religious identity is reached.
The last two lines of this poem express a political cultural issue: “They
confiscate the rocket ship, the only thing/ all the iwi agreed to purchase with the last
down payment” (Sullivan 1999:7). These lines could be interpreted as a foreign
culture taking away one of the most precious aspects of the Maori people. “They”
could refer to the foreign influence on the Maori people and the “rocket ship” as I
mentioned in my first paragraph refers to the waka of the Maori culture. These lines
could possibly allude to the colonization of New Zealand and the aspects of Maori
traditions that were lost. Ironically, the Maori people wanted sovereignty, however,
they decided to purchase their waka, which is ironic because purchasing an aspect
of their culture is contrastive to actually practicing and nurturing the traditions of
their culture.
The literary techniques Sullivan used in this poem gave it a myriad amount of
hidden messages that weave waka with modern technology, religious beliefs, and
political issues. Although there are still many metaphors to decipher from this
poem, Sullivan uses all his poetic skills to express each metaphor in different and
creative ways. He compares waka to modern technology, exposes religious
controversy, and lastly he unveils the political issues surrounding the waka and the
aspects of the Maori culture. Sullivan wishes to convey the issues facing the Maori
people in the present in order to for people to obtain a solution to these issues in the
future.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Robert Burns
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Robert Burns
Hailed as one of the most influential and creative poets of Scotland, Robert
Burns created classic poetry that has lived on for centuries. He was born in Alloway,
Ayrshire Scotland on January 25, 1759 in a thatched cottage. His father, William
Burns, was a tenant farmer who built the cottage with his bear hands, and it still
stands today as a mark of Burns birthplace. Burns’ mother, Agnes Brown, gave birth
to Robert as the first of seven children. Burns had very humble beginnings. Living as
a Scot peasant was a hard life with reduced amounts of food in a two-‐room clay
house. Although times were harsh, William Burns did the very best he could to
educate Burns and his other children (Henley 1897:xiv).
Burns acquired the majority of his education from reading. Every chance his
father got he would give Burns and his siblings books to read. Burns worked along
side his father while farming, however, he remained literate in his Scottish tongue
and in English as well. Burns worked on the family farm until his father died and he
failed to maintain it. Once his father died Burns became exceptional in expressing
his deep emotions through poetry and music (Henley 1897:xv).
Burns was never a rich man therefore he had to work in order to make a
living. He expresses his frustration with money in one of his poems entitled “Lines
Written on a Bank Note.” This poem compares money to being a “cursed leaf” and it
is the source of Burns’ grief. He goes on to write about how much money he didn’t
have growing up, which contributed to the death of his father and brother. He then
foresees the future of his children being afflicted by his lack of money: “I see the
children of affliction/ Unaided, through thy curs’d restriction” (Burns 1778:172).
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
Basically, Burns expresses his feelings towards money and how it has affected his
life similar to how it has affected society for decades.
Although Burns was primarily a poet, he was also an excellent composer of
music. In 1787 Burns was hired to collect and compose Scottish songs for the Scots
Musical Museum. One of his most famous songs, Auld Lang Syne, continues to be sung
by the Scots today each New Year’s eve. This shows the impact that Burns made on
Scottish society within his brief time on this earth (heartoscotland.com).
After Burns published his first book of poems with surprising success he
attempted to invest in the family farm once again. Unfortunately he failed and the
investments to the farms were used up. Having been disappointed and depressed,
on July 21, 1796 Burns died of a heart failure at the age of 37. Although his life was
short, his impact on the world made Burns achieve immortality. His goal to
rejuvenate and rescue hundreds of Scottish folk songs was achieved, and every year
the Unitarians of Scotland celebrates his birthday in honor of one of the greatest
Scottish poets in history.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
LINES WRITTEN ON A BANK NOTE
WAE worth thy power, thou cursed leaf ! Fell source of a’ my woe and grief, For lack o’ thee I’ve lost my lass, For lack o’ thee I scrimp my glass ! I see the children of affliction Unaided, through thy curs’d restriction. I’ve seen the oppressor’s cruel smile Amid his hapless victims’ spoil; And for thy potence vainly wish’d To crush the villain in the dust. For lack o’ thee I leave this much-lov’d shore, Never, perhaps, to greet old Scotland more. R.B.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
THE FAREWELL FAREWELL, old Scotia’s bleak domains, Far dearer than the torrid plains, Where rich ananas blow ! Farewell, a mother’s blessing dear, A brother’s sigh, a sister’s tear, My Jean’s heart-rending throe ! Farewell, my Bess ! Tho’ thou ’rt bereft Of my paternal care, A faithful brother I have left, My part in him thou ’lt share ! Adieu too, to you too, My Smith, my bosom frien’; When kindly you mind me, O, then befriend my Jean !
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
IN VAIN WOULD PRUDENCE
IN vain would Prudence with decorous sneer Point out a censuring world, and bid me fear: Above that world on wings of love I rise, I know its worst, and can that worst de- spise. “ Wrong’d, injur’d, shunn’d, unpitied, un- redrest, The mock’d quotation of the scorner’s jest,”
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
THO’ CRUEL FATE
THO’ cruel fate should bid us part Far as the pole and line, Her dear idea round my heart Should tenderly entwine. Tho’ mountains rise, and deserts howl, And oceans roar between, Yet dearer than my deathless soul I still would love my Jean.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
THE CARES O’ LOVE HE
THE cares o’ Love are sweeter far Than onie other pleasure; And if sae dear its sorrows are, Enjoyment, what a treasure ! SHE I fear to try, I dare na try
A passion sae ensnaring ; For light’s her heart and blythe’s her song That for nae man is caring.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
“The Cares o’ Love” Analysis
Robert Burns wrote hundreds of songs and poems, but of all those poems
“The Cares o’ Love” fascinated me the most. This poem expresses what young men
and women care about in love. Being a flirtatious young man himself, Burns
understands the cares of love for both genders. This poem consists of two stanzas,
the first reveals the men’s point of view, and the second expresses the women’s
point of view. Young males want to have fun in love, while young women want to
have passion and care.
The first stanza starts with “The cares o’ Love are sweeter far/ Than onie
other pleasure” (Burns 1788:183). One could interpret this line meaning that men
view love as the greatest pleasure. Burns realized that young men only want one
thing, sex. It is true that sex is one of the biggest motivations for men and women,
and reproduction is an enormous part of life. Also, the fact that Burns placed the
men’s point of view first could be a reference as to how the man in a relationship
has the upper hand. Finally, this stanza concludes with men seeking enjoyment as a
treasure in love, thereby supporting how enjoyment is what they search for in love.
The last stanza expresses a women’s point of view on love. In relationships,
passion and a caring man motivate women. However, the way that Burns conveys a
woman’s emotions seems like women are often overcome with emotions in love. “I
fear to try, I dare na try/ A passion sae ensnaring” (Burns 1788:183). This line can
be interpreted as women are often pressured by men to fulfill the men’s desires and
they feel that they are trapped by passion. The poem continues to express women’s
emotions as if they are controlled by love and are blind by it. Women are often taken
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advantage of by men and they do not stand up for themselves because they are “in
love” with their partner. Burns also uses a powerful metaphor to describe how light
is a woman’s heart and her song is “blythe.” This means that her heart is light and it
shines with the beauty and integrity that all women possess, however, the way that
her heart beats could represent the song of her heart. “Blythe” is defined as a sort of
doll, which could allude to how women are often controlled in love by men. This
word could also mean joyous, which could mean that women actually enjoy being
controlled by their lover.
The very last line of this poem is powerful: “That for nae man is caring”
(Burns 1788:183). Burns was a very flirtatious young man, however, he didn’t care
about the women he fancied and in this poem it is as if he admits that men don’t care
about women and their feelings. Although it might not be accurate for all men, it is
what Burns believed was true. It is because Burns believed that men don’t care
about the emotional aspects of love that this poem was written.
Walter Barrett Monday, May 23, 2011 11:17:07 AM HST 00:25:bc:e2:b1:ba
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