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© Endeavour College of Natural Health c278995d6e7d4efba0b40e854767ec89Practice Exam 2 Last updated on 29-Dec-16 of 12

Multichoice questions section. You must answer ALL questions. 1. Nervous system contains neurons and neuroglia. Which of the following neuroglia can

become phagocyte-like cell?

a) oligodendrocyte

b) microglia

c) astrocytes

d) Schwan cell

e) Ependymal cell

2. The following part of a neuron functions in conducting the nerve impulses towards the cell

body:

a) Axon hillock

b) axon

c) Node of Ranvier

d) Nissl bodies

e) dendrites

3. A depolarizing graded potential:

a) makes membrane more polarised

b) makes membrane less polarised

c) is considered a type of action potential

d) is the last part of the action potential

e) is not a change in membrane potential

4. Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called:

a) nuclei

b) tracts

c) nerves

d) ganglia

e) neuroglia

5. During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus:

a) Latent period

b) Absolute refractory period

c) Relative refractory period

d) None of the above

e) All of the above


6. Endorphins belong to this class of neurotransmitters?

a) Small-molecule class

b) Monoamine class

c) Neuropeptide class

d) Gases

e) Amino acid neurotransmitter class

7. Elevated ridges on the surface of the cerebral cortex are called:

a) Ganglia

b) Fissures

c) Nodules

d) Sulci

e) Gyri

8. Golgi organs are proprioceptors whose function it is to:

a) Detect muscle movement

b) Determine stretch in tendons

c) Detect movement in ligaments

d) Detect smell

e) Detect pain

9. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is mediated by ionotropic and metabotropic

receptors. The net result of this type of potential is:

a) Depolarisation of the post-synaptic cell

b) Hyperpolarisation of the post-synaptic cell

c) Post-synaptic cell becomes more positive

d) Post-synaptic cell is more likely to reach graded potential threshold

e) Flow of ions is interrupted

10. Otholitic organs are sense organs for:

a) Dynamic equilibrium

b) Hearing

c) Touch

d) Vision

e) Static equilibrium


11. Preparing the body for the fight-flight response is the role of the:

a) Afferent nervous system

b) Somatic nervous system

c) Sympathetic nervous system

d) Para-sympathetic nervous system

e) Cerebrum

12. The following gland is found on each side of trachea and releases hormones involved in metabolism and regulation of calcium blood level?

a) Pituitary gland

b) Pineal gland

c) Adrenal gland

d) Thyroid gland

e) Parathyroid gland

13. Which of the following hormones is produced by lactotrophs found in anterior pituitary gland (adenohypohysis) and is involved in secretion of milk?

a) Prolactin (PL)

b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

c) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

e) Oxytocin

15. Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is TRUE?

a) Hormone is synthesised and secreted by anterior pituitary gland

(adenohypohysis) and regulates blood osmotic pressure

b) Hormone is synthesised and secreted by posterior pituitary gland

(neurohypohysis) and regulates blood osmotic pressure

c) Hormone is stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland (neurohypohysis)

and regulates blood osmotic pressure

d) Hormone is synthesised and secreted by posterior pituitary gland

(neurohypohysis) and regulates blood calcium levels

e) Hormone is synthesised and secreted by adrenal gland and regulates blood

osmotic pressure

16. Adrenal cortex contains 3 zones. Zona Glomerulosa produces the following hormone in

response to changing blood mineral levels:

a) Androgen

b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

c) Aldosterone

d) T3/T4


e) Cortisol

17. Adrenal medulla is regulated by:

a) Sympathetic nervous system

b) Para-sympathetic nervous system

c) Blood supply

d) Adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

e) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

18. Which of the following glands is classified as both endocrine and exocrine gland?

a) Hypothalamus

b) Adrenal gland

c) Parathyroid gland

d) Pancreas

e) Thyroid gland


Matching questions section. You must answer ALL questions. The below diagram shows a neuron. In the provided table match letters with the function or

provide description of the function linked to the indicated letter. (4 marks)

Function Letter

A

Site of neurotransmitter release

Site of initiation of action potential

I


The below diagram shows graph of action potential. Name and describe events at each of

the letters indicated below. (6 marks)

Name Description Letter

A

C

E


The below diagram shows brain anatomy. Name brain anatomy parts as required in the table

provided. (4 marks)

Name Letter

A

J

H

B


The diagram below shows a cross section of the eye. Label as required in the table provided.

(3 marks)

DESCRIPTION ITEM

This structure carries myelinated axons to the optic chiasm.

This structure changes shape to allow more light into the eye at night, and less light into the eye when it is bright.

The tunic that contains the photoreceptors.


Complete the following table as required. Each item should contain the hormone name,

gland name from which the hormone is secreted from and the function of the hormone.

(6 marks)

Hormone name Gland Hormone function

hGH

Insulin

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)


Short answer questions section. You must answer ALL questions but note that each module has 2 choices.

Nervous system questions: Answer ONE of following:

A. Postsynaptic potential can be mediated by ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.

Describe structure and function of each type of receptor and explain how ionotropic

receptors lead to both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. (8 marks)

OR

B. Using diagram below list steps involved in vision physiology, then describe in detail

events at points 2 and 3. (8 marks)

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Endocrine system questions: Answer ONE of following:

A. Describe regulation of calcium blood levels. Your answer must include the names of

the hormone(s) and glands that regulate levels of calcium in the blood as well as

description of how the regulation is achieved. (8 marks)

OR

B. Describe regulation of anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) by hypothamalus.

Your answer must include how ONE hypothalamic hormone regulates ONE anterior

pituitary hormone. (8 marks)

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