multicast video app

8/2/2019 Multicast Video App

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Multicast Solution

How does it work ?


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iMPathN e t w o r k s

Note to Viewer

The content of this tutorial provides an overview of IGMP used in

Digital Multicast networks to familiarize customers with the

technology.

The information in this document is subject to change without notifice.

While every precaution was taken in the preparation of this document,

iMPath assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither isany liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the

information contained herein.

Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact:

Daniel Brisson

Sr. System Engineer

iMPath Networks Inc

Tel: 613-226-4000 x 297

Email: [email protected]

Gilles Lebel

Sr. System Engineer

iMPath Networks Inc

Tel: 613-226-4000 x 224

Email: [email protected]


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Typical Network Requirements

Backbone

Monitor any video from

anywhere in the network


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Multicast

Multicast. Allows sending one copy of each packet to the group of computers

that want to receive it. Multicast can be implemented at the Ethernet link-

layer or at the network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model). Computers join and

leave multicast groups by using the IGMP (Internet Group Management

Protocol) Each host can register itself as a member of selected multicast

groups through use of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).

Multicast is commonly used in audio and video streaming applications.

It allows a single source of traffic to be viewed by multiple destinations

simultaneously.

It is designed to provide an efficient transmission using the least amountof bandwidth on the network to save cost.

IGMP is a standard IP protocol supported by most LAN/WAN vendors in

traditional LAN products, ATM, and gigabit Ethernet solutions.


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100 Meg

Typical Network Components

Decoder

Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet...

L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router

L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder

Virtual Matrix Control ConsoleDisplays video to monitors

Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Control Center # 2Control Center # 1Typical field encoder collector network

Typical high speed backbone

network consisting of Layer 2

or Layer 3 Ethernet Switches.

High Speed Switches are located at major

hub locations to collect or drop off data

traffic from this distribution center.

Field hub locations are distributed where

the end devices are located. They are

used to collect and distribute traffic for

Cameras, Traffic Controllers, Message

Signs and many more.

Several topologies can be used such as

Star and Linear topologies being the most

common.

100 Meg 100 Meg


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100 Meg

Typical Network Components

Decoder




L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


The Control Centers provide

video viewing and control of

the Camera PTZ, TrafficControllers, or Message signs to

name just a few.

100 Meg 100 Meg

Multiple Control Centers may

be deployed with thisarchitecture.

The Virtual Matrix is

commonly used in digital videonetworks providing video

display and control and to

operate complementary

integrated applications.


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100 Meg

Why use IGMP?

Decoder


L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


100 Meg 100 Meg

Without IGMP support, multicast traffic is

transmitted to all the ports in each network switch.

This unnecessary traffic floods the interfaces and

can quickly bog down the entire network.


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100Base-T

Why use IGMP?

Decoder


L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


100Base-T

For example:

With 25 cameras deployed,each transmitting at 5 Mbps,

you will have over 125 Mbps of

combined traffic on your network

125 Mbps of traffic on each

100Base-X interface !!!!!!

125 Mbps of

traffic

125 Mbps of

traffic

100Base-T


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Why use IGMP?

Decoder


L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


On a 100 Mbps interface (optics or electrical) you

cannot pass more then 100 Mbps of traffic.

PROBLEMCombined 125 Mbps of traffic

on these interfaces.

The capacity of this network is

exceeded with only 25 cameras

In fact a typical recommendation in the

industry is not to exceed 70% of the bandwidth

in any segment.

For example:

With 25 cameras deployed,each transmitting at 5 Mbps,

you will have over 125 Mbps of traffic

on your network

100Base-T 100Base-T100Base-T


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Traffic flow with IGMP

Decoder


L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Decoder

L2 Switch

Decoder

Decoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


100Base-T 100 Meg

Only 15 Mbps of multicast

traffic flows on this link

Only 5 Mbps of

Multicast traffic

Flows on thisport

Traffic is only present on the backbone when a

decoder requests the specific encoder stream

Video Stream 1

Video Stream 2

Video Stream 3

Video Stream 3

100Base-T


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How does it work?




Encoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ

Control Center # 1Typical field encoder collector network

100 Meg

The Encoder is considered a

server in the IGMP world. It

generates a video signal that will

be made available to any

Decoder (client) on the network.

The Encoder transmits a signal with

a distinct destination address.

Between 224.x.x.x to 239.x.x.x.

(some addresses are reserved for

specific applications)

The Routers build and share a

table of all the IGMP serversavailable on the network. They

keep a table of all the available

Multicast Addresses

This Router will not forward

any of the multicast trafficuntil it receives a request

from a decoder (client)


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Here is how it works -Joining a Group




Encoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


100 Meg

The operator makes a request to see

a video on a specific monitor

The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to

the decoder to view a specific video stream. (request

to see video from address 224.168.32.55)

The Decoder registers this address in its table and

forwards the request (join the multicast group) to the

network

The Router responds and forwards the traffic to this

specific port on the Ethernet switch.

224.168.32.55

1

2

3

4


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Encoder

Decoder


Controls camera PTZ


100 Meg

When the operator makes a request

to change the view from video A tovideo B

the Virtual Matrix application ONLY forwards a

single message to the decoder to view video B stream.

(request to see video from address 224.168.32.107)

The Decoder un-registers from the present viewing

address (a leave message is sent) followed by

a join message which is sent with the new multicast

stream.

Encoder

Video AVideo B

224.168.32.55224.168.32.107

The Router stops video stream A, adds the new video

B to the group, and releases the traffic for video B to

this specific port on the Ethernet switch.

1

2

3

4

Here is how it works -Leaving a Group


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Choosing your network elements

There are several types of digital network technologies to choose

from.

SONET and ATM are still applicable but are now rarely

deployed on new installations.

Ethernet is the most common technology due to the widerange of affordable products available from many

manufacturers and the familiarity with Ethernet and IP

technology.

The components more commonly used to build Ethernet

networks are Ethernet Switches.

A high capacity Ethernet network is often referred to as the

backbone network.


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Choosing your network switches

Choosing Ethernet Switches for your backbone network could

depend on several factors

Your specific port density requirements

Network topology

Temperature hardened requirements (outdoor) Support for IGMP protocol

Your preferred manufacturer

Specific product functionality

This tutorial will explore a few topologies and the IGMP

functionality of different Ethernet Switches.


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Ethernet Switch selection

There are 3 types of Ethernet Switches

Layer 2 Switch

Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table.

Broadcasts the Multicast traffic across all its ports

There are no Multicast traffic filters with these switches

Layer 2 Switch with IGMP Snooping

Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table

Provides limited control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast of the

traffic to all ports.

Layer 3 IGMP master is needed in the network

Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMP

Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table.

Distributes traffic to each destination using IP subnet addressing table.

Provides maximum control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast ofthe traffic to all ports and all subnet.


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Layer 2 SwitchFunctionality

L2 Switch

Encoder Encoder Encoder

L2 Switch

Decoder DecoderEncoder

5Mbps

15Mbps

5Mbps

15Mbps

5Mbps

15Mbps

5Mbps

15Mbps

0Mbps

20Mbps

0Mbps

20Mbps

The combined Multicast Traffic is sent to all ports in each Switch

This is a valid network topology for small networks

Ensure no more then 70% of the bandwidth of the lowest negotiated Ethernet

port speed is used. Not to be used with 10 Meg Half Duplex devices.

Bandwidth Restriction applies.

Combined 20 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic

5 Mbps Multicast Video per Encoder

20 Mbps


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Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMPFunctionality

L3 Switch


L3 Switch


5Meg

5Meg

5Meg

5Meg

5Meg

Multicast traffic is filtered out at each switchOnly the required traffic is transmitted on the network

This is a valid network topology for any network - No topology restrictions

10 Mbps

Deploying a Layer 3 at each collector HUB could be expensive

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

0Mbps

0Mbps

Combined 10 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic

5Mbps

5Mbps


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Layer 2 & 3 SwitchTypical Topology

Decoder Decoder

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

The L3 Switch controls all

Multicast traffic.

In and out.It eliminates transmitting

the combined multicast

traffic unnecessarily to each

port.

0 Mbps

L3 Switch

The use of L2 Switch in this topology is very common. Multicast traffic is repeated on all ports of the

switch within the segment but traffic from other segments is not seen. Traffic between the segments is

controlled by the L3 switch. Economical and practical solution that is very easy to deploy.

35 Mbps Combined Multicast Video


5Mbps


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Layer 2 & 3 SwitchTypical TopologyIndustry concern

Decoder Decoder

0Meg

5Meg

0Meg

5Meg

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

35 Mbps

35 Mbps

0 Mbps L3 Switch

This solution is very effective and greatly simplifies Network Management.

However, it is sometimes necessary to filter IGMP traffic at the edge.Such solutions were previously overlooked for economical reasons.

An economical solution now exist: L2 switch with IGMP Snooping


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Overview of OSI Model

ApplicationPresentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Layer 7.

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of the

Inter-network

This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network.

Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of

Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each

device.

This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcasttraffic.

Layer 1

Traditionally performed by Routers

Performed by Switches

$$


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Overview of OSI Model

Network

Data Link

$

$

New product introduced

$Layer 2 with IGMP Snooping- Layer 2 Switches with IGMP Snooping

functionality are now available. Provide all the functionality of a

Layer 2 switch with PARTIAL IGMP support.

This layer provides some Multicast traffic control on thenetwork.

This product can be used instead of expensive Routers

Available with different port densities.

100Base-Fx to Gigabit trunks.Temperature Hardened

Wide choice of manufacturers and products.

Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of theInter-network

This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network.

Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of

Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each

device.

This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcasttraffic.

2 S i h i h G S i


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Layer 2 Switch with IGMP SnoopingFunctionality

L2 with IGMP Snooping


L3 Switch


Valid network topology for any network

No topology restrictions

Local traffic is filtered out at each switch. Eliminates

multicasts traffic to all the ports

All the multicast traffic is sent to the central site. The L3

switch still controls the IGMP table of the network.

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps


L2 i h S i & L3 S i h


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L2 with Snooping & L3 SwitchTypical Topology

Decoder Decoder

0Mbps

5Mbps

0Mbps

5Mbps

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

These links contain the

combined Multicast traffic

from all the Encoders in

their segment i.e. 35 Mbps.

L3 Switch

Very practical implementation

Management of the Ethernet Switches is required.

Switches with IGMP Snooping

eliminate flooding local interfaces

with Multicast traffic.

Bandwidth Restriction applies. No more 70% of link capacity

35 Mbps

35 Mbps

H d i k?


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How does it work?From the Encoder to the L3 Switch

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

The L3 Switch forwardsthe IGMP Query on all its

ports to determine if there

are any devices that wish

to subscribe to a Multicast

Group.

0 Mbps L3 Switch

Each Encoder forwards a

constant Multicast stream

to the Ethernet Switch

(224-239.x.x.x)

The L2 Switch

detects/identifies the

Multicast stream source

and logs internally what

port this stream came

from.

The L2 Switch with IGMP

Snooping detects the

Query message from the

L3 Switch and logs

internally the ports that

pass traffic to the L3

Switch

L2 Switch eliminates

flooding of the local

interfaces and passes the

Multicast traffic to the L3

Switch for processing.

0Mbps

5Mbps

35 Mbps

H d i k?


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How does it work?From the Encoder to the L3 Switch

Decoder

0Mbps

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

The L3 Switch detects the

Multicast traffic arriving on this

interface and logs internally all the

Multicast address for distribution.

0 Mbps

L3 Switch

At this point, the Multicast

traffic from all Encoders iscombined on this link

towards the L3 Switch.35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic

5Mbps

H d it k?


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How does it work?From the L3 Switch to the Decoder

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

0 Meg L3 Switch


Controls camera PTZ

Control Center # 1

The operator makes a request to see

a video on a specific monitor

The Virtual Matrix application forwards a

message to the decoder to view a specific

video stream on a specific monitor. (request

to see video from address 224.168.32.55)

The Decoder registers this address in its table and

forwards the request (join the multicast group) to

the network

The L3 Switch responds and releases the traffic to thisspecific port on the Ethernet switch.

35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic

0Mbps

5Mbps

H d it k?


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How does it work?From the L3 Switch to the Decoder

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

35 Mbps

0 Meg L3 Switch


Controls camera PTZ

Control Center # 1

The operator makes a NEW request

to see a video on a specific monitor

The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the

decoder to view a specific video stream.

(224.168.32.140)

The Decoder registers this address in its table andforwards two messages to the switch

The L3 Switch responds by stopping the stream

224.168.32.55

The Decoder sends an IGMP leave message.

No longer need to receive the Multicast steam

(224.168.32.55)

The Decoder sends an IGMP

request to join

(224.168.32.140)

The L3 Switch responds by forwarding the stream

224.168.32.140

0Mbps

5Mbps

H d it k?


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How does it work?Typical Star Topology

Decoders

L3 Switch

Multicast traffic flows

from all Encoders to the

L3 Switch

L3 Switch controls the distribution of all Multicast

traffic to Decoders

Encoder

L2 Switch with

IGMP Snooping

W t h f


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Watch forLimitations of IGMP Snooping

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L3 Switch

L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping have limitations.

In the event of a communication

break between the L2 and L3switches, the L2 IGMP Snooping

switch will behave like a L2 switch

A few minutes after loss of signal, the

switches may* flood all Multicast signals

to the ports of every switch

* Behavior may differ depending on switch manufacturer.

If this is a Gig E link and you have

more then 70 Meg of Video traffic, noother application will run on this

network until the link is re-established.

Maximum port traffic will be exceeded.

W t h f


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Watch forDistributed Control Centers

L2 Snooping

Encoder

L3 Switch


L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

Multicast traffic flows to the L3 Switch

Multicast join

request sent to the L3

Switch

This switch will allow traffic from

network A to flow to the Decoder when a

join request is received.

Video Source A

Network

A

W t h f


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L2 Snooping

Encoder

L3 Switch


L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

This switch requires connectivity to the

L3 switch to provide local join

It will not be possible to view

any video. Not even local video.

Communication break

This limitation can be eliminated by installing an L3 Switch at all Control Centers.

Video Source A

Network

A

W t h f


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L2 Snooping

Encoder

L3 Switch


L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

L2 Snooping

EncoderEncoder

All Multicast traffic will flow to the L3 SwitchMulticast traffic flows to the L3 Switch

This switch will only forward traffic

from video source B when the

Decoder requests to join a video from

source B

Multicast join requests are sent to the L3

Switch

Video Source A Video Source B

Configuration Tips


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Configuration TipsL2 Switch with IGMP Snooping

L2 Snooping

Encoder

L3 Switch


L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

L2 Snooping

EncoderEncoder

Two IGMP configuration modes can be

set in the switches.

Passive Passive Passive

This switch generates IGMP

Queries. It is considered as theMaster or the Active device

In this topology, there can only be one Master unit.

iConfiguration Tips


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Configuration TipsL2 Switch with IGMP Snooping

L2 Snooping

Encoder Decoder DecoderEncoder

L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

L2 Snooping

EncoderEncoder

Some L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping can beconfigured as Passive or Active


This switch generates IGMP

Queries. It is considered as theMaster or the Active

device

In this topology, there can only

be one Master unit.

L2 Snooping

This topology should only be considered for small networks.Most L2 IGMP Snooping Switches do not have the capacity to handle

a large table of IGMP Multicast traffic.

iMulti Vendor Support


36/39


Multi-Vendor SupportAvoidMixing IGMP Snooping Switches

L2 Snooping

Encoder Decoder DecoderEncoder

L2 Snooping

Control Center # 2

Decoder Decoder

Control Center # 1

L2 Snooping

EncoderEncoder


L2 Snooping

Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch manufacturers may imply that

they can integrate into a multi-vendor solution, this is not recommended since

IGMP Snooping is not an RFC standard. Implementation differs between

manufacturers. (Proven to fail in our labs)

Active

Manufacturer A Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Manufacturer B

iMP hMulti Vendor Support


37/39


Multi-Vendor SupportRecommendation

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L3 Switch

High end products should be used

for L3 Switch to control all your

Multicast traffic. Products from

Foundry, Extreme, Nortel and

Cisco (to name just a few) shouldbe used.

These are typically non-hardened

products

Use L2 with IGMP

SnoopingHardened products

are available

Keep it simple.A single manufacturer

solution is recommended

Several vendorsoffer a wide range ofproducts for this application. Several

(including Magnum 6Ks fromGarrettCom) were tested at iMPath with

positive results.



38/39


Multi-Vendor SupportAvoid

Decoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L2 Switch

Encoder

L3 Switch

Do not MIXdifferent vendors

IGMP Snooping

switches in this

topology. It will

most-likely notwork

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer B

Manufacturer B

Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch vendorsmay suggest they can integrate into a multi-vendor

solution, this is not recommended since IGMPSnooping is not a RFC standard. Implementation

differs between manufacturers. (Proven to fail in ourlabs)



39/39


Manufacturer B

Manufacturer C

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Manufacturer B

Manufacturer C

Multi-Vendor SupportRecommendation

Decoder

L3 Switch

When multi-vendor solutions are used, it is recommended to use a single manufacturer solution on each link. Use

the L3 Switch to separate each group (manufacturer) of L2 IGMP switches.This is the most reliable topology to support multi-vendor solutions.

multicast video app

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