multi engine pilot flight - actechbooks.com

MULTI ENGINE PILOT

FLIGHTMANEUVERS

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURES PLUS PROFILES • BRAD DEINES

Aircraft Technical Book Company www.actechbooks.com (970) 726-5111

TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Author v

Preface vii

How to Use This Manual viii

CHAPTER ONE - ORAL SUBJECTSPerformance and Limitations 2

Operation of Systems 2

Principles of Flight - Engine Inoperative 3

Preflight Inspection 4

Cockpit Management 4

Spin Awareness 4

Systems and Equipment Malfunctions 4

CHAPTER TWO - PREFLIGHT PROCEDURESEngine Starting 8

Taxing 10

Before Takeoff Check 13

CHAPTER THREE - TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, TRAFFICPATTERN OPERATIONS AND GO-AROUNDSNormal Takeoff and Climb 16

Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 18

Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb 21

Traffic Pattern Operations 24

Normal Approach and Landing 29

Crosswind Approach and Landing 31

Short-Field Approach and Landing 34

Go-Around 37

CHAPTER FOUR - PERFORMANCE MANEUVERSteep Turns 40

CHAPTER FIVE - SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLSManeuvering During Slow Flight 46

Power-Off Stalls 49

Power-On Stalls 52

ii


CHAPTER SIX - EMERGENCY OPERATIONSEmergency Descent 56

Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC 59

Engine Failure After Liftoff 61

Engine Failure After Liftoff with Gear Down 61

Engine Failure After Liftoff with Gear Up andSingle Engine Climb Performance Inadequate 62

Engine Failure After Liftoff with Gear Up andSingle Engine Climb Performance Adequate 63

Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine 68

CHAPTER SEVEN - MULTI ENGINE OPERATIONS - VFRManeuvering with One Engine Inoperative 74

VMC Demonstration 76

Drag Demonstration 79

CHAPTER EIGHT - MULTI ENGINE OPERATIONS - IFREngine Failure During Flight 84

Instrument Approach - One Engine Inoperative 86

VOR/VOR DME/RNAV/GPS Instrument Approach -One Engine Inoperative 86

NDB Instrument Approach - One Engine Inoperative 92

LOC/LOC BC/LDA/SDF Instrument Approach -One Engine Inoperative 98

ILS Instrument Approach - One Engine Inoperative 103

Instrument Approach - One Engine Inoperative Profiles 108

APPENDIXAbbreviations 116

Weight and Balance/Performance 117

ATIS/Clearance 118

Instrument Approach Review (AMARTHAN) 119

Drag Demo Table 120

Ordering Information 121

iiiAircraft Technical Book Company

www.actechbooks.com (970) 726-5111

PREFACEThe purpose of this manual is to help in the explanation, visualization

and execution of the flight maneuvers required for Multi Engine PilotPractical Flight Test. Students preparing for their Multi Engine PilotCertificate will find this manual helpful. Any pilot preparing for a BiennialFlight Review (BFR), can use this manual as a refresher on maneuvers thatyou may not have executed in quite some time. Multi Engine Flight Instructorapplicants and Multi Engine Flight Instructors will find this manual a benefi-cial teaching aid. Instructors and flight schools can use this manual to developthorough and standardized lesson plans.

Each maneuver is broken into six sections.

Objective — the Federal Aviation Administration's goal for a pilot asstated in the practical test standards.

Completion Standards — are taken from the Multi Engine PilotPractical Test Standards. This details exactly what the Federal AviationAdministration requests of a pilot executing a maneuver. The limitationslisted are the tolerances allowed on a Federal Aviation Administration'scheck ride. If these standards are not met, you will not pass your checkride.

Description — a brief explanation of the maneuver.

Procedure — a detailed step by step explanation of how to execute amaneuver as recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration. Eachmaneuver may vary slightly due to airplane type, manufacturer's recommen-dations, training environment and level. A Certified Multi Engine FlightInstructor will provide guidance on how the maneuver should vary for yourparticular situation.

Reference — contains the Federal Aviation Administration's AdvisoryCirculars (AC's) on which the previous sections are based. Page numbersare listed for location of additional information and easy reference oneach flight maneuver. Since the FAA, or their designee, is the one testingyou, it only makes sense to use the references they have based the test onand not other authors/publishers books. The FAA books can be down-loaded for free at the FAA Standards web site http://av-info.faa.gov .

Profiles — most maneuvers also contain a graphic representation(s) ofeach maneuver. This graphic assists in visualizing the maneuver whilesummarizing the procedures and completion standards. On most profilepages you will have a table where you can fill in your particular aircraftairspeeds, pitch attitudes, bank angles, power settings and configurations.

All airspeeds, pitch attitudes, bank angles, power settings and configura-tions are referenced from the PA-44-180 Piper Seminole Pilot's OperatingHandbook based on sea level, maximum gross weight, and standard

viiAircraft Technical Book Company


atmospheric conditions. Airspeeds, pitch attitudes, bank angles and powersettings may vary due to altitude, temperature, humidity, winds, aircraft weightand configurations. Consult your airplane Pilot's Operating Handbook and/oryour flight instructor for the proper airspeeds, pitch attitudes, bank angles,power settings and configurations.

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

Before every flight lesson, know exactly what flight maneuvers will bepracticed. Reference your flight syllabus for the maneuvers to study. Dividethe list into two sections: New Maneuvers for the maneuvers your instructoris going to introduce or teach for the first time; and Review Maneuvers, formaneuvers you are familiar with but will be practicing on your next flightlesson.

New Maneuvers — Start by reading the maneuver's six sections. If thereare questions on a particular step in the maneuver, reference the appropriateFederal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular or other references listedfor each maneuver. If an answer cannot be found, write it down and ask yourinstructor during the pre-flight briefing. Go over the procedure section severaltimes until you every step memorized. Practice the maneuver by "chair flying"the step by step procedure. (Chair Flying - visually flying the maneuver in yourcomfortable chair at home). By doing all this preparation, you will impress yourflight instructor with your knowledge and understanding of the maneuverbefore you even step into an airplane. Not to mention the money you will savein less dual flying time.

Review Maneuvers — The profile section in most cases will continue torefresh your memory on the steps required to complete the maneuver. If ithas been several weeks since practicing this maneuver, it may be best to followthe steps listed for a new maneuver. Continue to "chair fly" the maneuver onyour off days to maintain your proficiency.

viiiAircraft Technical Book Company


CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

OBJECTIVETo teach the multi engine student pilot the knowledge of the elements

related to a crosswind takeoff and climb.

COMPLETION STANDARDSPositions the flight controls for existing wind conditions.

Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff surface and aligns the airplane onthe runway center/takeoff path.

Advances the throttles smoothly to takeoff power.

Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to Vy.

5. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain:Private Pilot - Vy +10/-5 knots.Commercial Pilot - Vy ±5 knots.

6. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate ofclimb is established.

7. Maintains takeoff power and Vy:Private Pilot - +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.Commercial Pilot - ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughoutthe takeoff and climb.

Complies with noise abatement procedures.

Completes appropriate checklist.

DESCRIPTIONAileron will be held into the wind to correct for drift, and rudder will be

used to maintain runway alignment during the takeoff roll. Once airborne, awind-drift correction will be established to maintain a ground track alignmentwith the runway centerline.

PROCEDURESet recommended flaps.

Clear final approach.

After receiving clearance from tower or announcing intentions on thecommon traffic advisory frequency, taxi onto the runway

Align the airplane on the runway centerline, ailerons fully deflected intothe wind, and elevator in the neutral position.

5. Smoothly apply full power and crosscheck the engine instruments.

vw

318


Check airspeed alive.

As the airplane accelerates, adjust the ailerons as necessary to control driftand maintain runway alignment with the rudder. Avoid using brakes.

Crosscheck engine instruments during takeoff roll for normal ranges.

If a significant crosswind and/or strong gusts exist, the airplane should beheld on the ground slightly longer than normal (past V R) so a smooth anddefinite lift off can be made.

As the airplane leaves the runway, holding the aileron into the wind mayresult in the downwind wing rising and downwind main wheel lifting offfirst. This is acceptable, and prevents airplane from skipping across therunway.

Once the airplane lifts off, relax the control inputs to help establish winddrift correction.

Continue tracking along the extended centerline and establish the properclimb attitude for existing conditions.

Retract the wing flaps when at safe altitude (minimum 50 feet AGL) andat a safe altitude .

Accelerate and maintain Vy.

Retract landing gear after positive rate of climb and a safe landing can nolonger be accomplished on the

remaining runway/overrun area,or preplanned emergency forced landing area incase of engine failureand single engine performance is inadequate.

Apply wheel brakes momentarily before retraction if the POH/AFMrecommends so.

Maintain takeoff power and Vy to 500 feet AGL or until all obstacles arecleared.

Accelerate to cruise climb airspeed then set climb power.

Maintain a straight track over the extended runway centerline until a turnis required.

Avoid noise sensitive areas.

Complete "After-Takeoff Checklist".

Note: FAR 91.103 requires takeoff and landing performance data becomputed prior to all flights.

ReferencesPrivate Pilot Practical Test Standards FAA-S-8081-14A, pg. 2-11.Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards FAA-S-8081-12B, pg. 2-13.Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3, pg. 5-1 L* 5-5, 11 -13, 12-12 ' 12-14.Pilot Operating Handbook/ Approved Flight Manual

19Aircraft Technical Book Company


20

or

I

U)

0c c

o+>- I

61"O

U) t7:1cE=1

E2a)Ecr3 EO

cn

a)E a)

N 2 >Q) a) __ =

c L-- in co= -5 C

45 CT.— "0

a)4-E" 2 a)

c a)a) cn

0_

0 CO45 .6) cn

C .',... ----31.-> (/) �

.- CD a3

CO C 03 2 a 0 C.)

i c D -C -Ca) a)a) =

13 tY Qu_ 0 0

i-

0

Loma)L._

p L_ a) Cg 2 E a)

L., co m 0 -c a-)L.- a >-

u) ; :IT (j3 . g S 6 ,t go, 2 ( 9. < 0 )0. ) , 4.(7) Ca 3 7D

17. ---C - tf .3C -CP :° ' 5 °C: a"): 1 5a) 3"2EE Lo Z.. 'a E (3'c

.g ÷-. � n a) c o .—03 0 E (...) > CD C.) C

I— ES C ••

, , ES ". .---, — 2 . CT3,.. ,4_, a) . s- .4_, FJ-5 a) was (1.) -cE 01.) a 1T3 a) Z,-V r2C — CC c,_ w _o

. •

O

032

0wCI)

5t:0

tY

Lr)°'--

w 20,-

0,a00

CO

2in

(1..7_10

4)(N

>->

coco

cc>

,,,

HLi_

f:

,i-

0a

<0-

.7C

LLLL

O

1—

0

212L

0

NM.

I

>-

>

0

.C2 (1)a)

c c=c) a) 'F3-92

To 0 co< 2 8

_ • •

0

C0=i-ns ct

>.0


SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND MAXIMUMPERFORMANCE CLIMB

OBJECTIVETo teach the multi engine student pilot the knowledge of the elements

related to a short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb.

COMPLETION STANDARDSPositions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions; sets flaps asrecommended.

Clears the area; taxies into takeoff position utilizing maximum availabletakeoff area and aligns the airplane on the runway center/takeoff path.

Applies brakes (if appropriate), while advancing the throttle smoothly totakeoff power.

Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to therecommended obstacle clearance airspeed or Vx.

Establishes the pitch attitude that will maintain the recommendedobstacle clearance airspeed, or Vx,Private - +10/-5 knots,Commercial - +5/-0 knots,until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters)above the surface.

After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for Vy,accelerates to Vy, and maintains Vy,Private - +10/-5 knots, during the climb.Commercial - ±5 knots, during the climb.

Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of anyobstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.

Maintains takeoff power and Vy,Private - +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.Commercial - ±5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.

Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughoutthe takeoff and climb.

Completes the appropriate checklist.

DESCRIPTIONThe airplane is accelerated in the shortest distance possible, rotated at lift

off speed to the best angle of climb so as to minimize total takeoff distanceand/or clear an obstacle.



PROCEDURESet flaps to recommended setting.

Clear final approach.

After receiving clearance from tower or announcing intentions on thecommon traffic advisory frequency, taxi into position at the end of therunway so that maximum runway is available for takeoff.

Set flight controls for the existing winds.

Hold brakes and smoothly add maximum power.

Lean mixtures for maximum power.

Check engine instruments and static power.

Release brakes.

Check airspeed alive.

Maintain runway centerline by use of the rudder, avoid using brakes.

Rotate at computed VR for airplane weight. If V R is within 5 knots ofVMCA, consider using a different runway or reducing takeoff weight tolower VivicA• This will allow a larger margin of safety incase of an enginefailure right after liftoff.

Set Vx attitude and accelerate to Vx for appropriate airplane weight.

Keep the wings level with use of the ailerons.

Climb at Vx until obstacle is cleared or until at least 50 feet above thesurface, set pitch for Vy.

Retract landing gear as recommended in the POH/.AFM.

Retract the wing flaps when at a safe altitude (minimum 50 feet AGL) andat safe speed.

Accelerate and maintain Vy.

Maintain takeoff power to 500 feet AGL or safe maneuvering altitude.

Ensure that airplane tracks out on the extended centerline until turn isrequired.

Accelerate to cruise climb airspeed and set climb power.

Avoid noise sensitive areas.

Complete after-takeoff checklist.

Note: FAR 91.103 requires takeoff and landing performance data to becomputed prior to all flights.

ReferencesPrivate Pilot Practical Test Standards FAA-S-8081-14A, pg. 2-13Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards FAA-S-8081-12B, pg. 2-13.Airplane Flying Handbook FAA--H-8083 -3 , pg. 5-8 ' 5-10, 12-16 ,* 12-17.Pilot Operating Handbook/ Approved Flight Manual.



0 *r_ L- =0 -,

> -.2 _a o 000 m=

—

t3

E .,,, a)ai :)

\ <--0

LL =

< CD

Lo U) < (7). (I) =

5 2 a)a) M 13

..a)U 2)(nt. < 2

N0

o .-

0 D CD 0 -.-_,_, E cbU

E 6

•

0_ o

co2:::i0Liicr)5fl0

'no—

rxLu

0 il

EL 8

CO

2LON,

=I0

loIN

>->

cocc

X IN> CO

0>

‹0 (r)

in>

0z17-Hwu)a_

c)

<_1Li_

HIL<r:C

.1-,I.<

(I a-

.(-

u)0C

CLO

YLC)

>-+ >

0

0c

o x>

x

> c")°

C :•=2O E

I E (6

=1O O

EO

0_ (..)



multi engine pilot flight - actechbooks.com

Documents