Mujibnagar Government  the government constituted at Mujibnagar to conduct the Bangladesh WAR OF LIBERATION , formed on 10 April 1971 after the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE  on 26 March 1971. The Mujibnagar government headed by TAJUDDIN AHMAD  took oath on 17 April 1971 at Mujibnagar. This government had also been known as Mujibnagar Government in-exile, as the activities of the government had been conducted from outside of the territory of Bangladesh.

Formation of the government  On 10 April a government was formed consisting of the top ranking leaders of awami league. The oath taking ceremony of the government took place on 17 April at Baidyanathtala, in the district of Meherpur. The oath taking ceremony was conducted by Abdul Mannan MNA and the PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE  was read out by Professor MOHAMMAD YUSUF AL I. In this place a guard of honour was given to SYED NAZRUL ISLAM , the Acting President of the newly formed government.

Assignment of portfolios  Although the government was formed on 10 April and its oath was taken on 17 April 1971, the portfolios were assigned among the ministers on 18 April. The incumbents of the government were:

 

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

President

Syed Nazrul Islam Vice President

(Entrusted with the powers, functions and responsibilities of the President since the President himself was then detained in Pakistan).

Tajuddin Ahmad Prime Minister

In charge of Defence, Information, Broadcasting and Communications, Economic Affairs, Planning Division, Education, Local Government, Health, Labour, Social Welfare, Establishment as well as other affairs the responsibility of which was not yet entrusted to any one.

Khondakar Mostaq Ahmad Minister

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Law and Parliamentary Affairs.

M Mansur Ali Minister

Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce.

AHM Qamaruzzaman Minister

Ministry of Home, Civil Supplies, Relief and Rehabilitation, Agriculture.

 

Mujibnagar government was divided into fifteen ministries and divisions.  Besides, some divisions were placed under the Cabinet. The functions of the ministries and divisions were:

Ministry of Defence Staff MAG Osmany, Commander-in-Chief; SA Samad, Defence Secretary; Colonel Abdur Rab, Chief of Staff. The Ministry of Defence divided the war zone into eleven sectors and appointed a sector commander for each of the sectors. But there was no sector commander for sector No 10 or naval sector. Commandos used to fight under the command of the concerned sector commander whenever and wherever they carried out the operation in a particular sector. Besides, there were three brigades called Z force, K force and S force. Major Ziaur Rahman, Major Khaled Mosharraf and Major Km Shafiullah were the commanders of the brigades respectively.

 

 

Mujibnagar Day todaySyed Badrul AhsanThe nation today observes the 43rd anniversary of formation of the Mujibnagar government-in-exile in 1971.It is important to recall that post-March 26, 1971 events moved at dizzying speed in occupied Bangladesh.In the absence of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Tajuddin Ahmad took charge as Bangladesh's first prime minister. His next task was to record a message on tape and have it broadcast over Swadhin Bangla Betar. The contents of the message were patently unmistakable: Bangladesh was engaged in war against Pakistan, a struggle that was now being spearheaded by a government set up by its elected representatives. The tape containing Tajuddin's speech was transported to the clandestine radio station then fitfully broadcasting from the north-eastern Indian border with East Pakistan.On the evening of April 12, Tajuddin's voice was heard in significant areas of what had by then become a country under Pakistani occupation.The first few days after Tajuddin's broadcast proved to be exciting, with news of the sightings of other senior figures of the Awami League in various parts the country and across the border.  Once all the senior colleagues of Bangabandhu had come together in Calcutta, it was felt that a formal inauguration of the Bangladesh provisional government would need to be organised on Bangladesh territory. The spot chosen for the inauguration was a mangrove forest in Meherpur, a rural backwater in the larger Chuadanga region in the south-east of Bangladesh. Tajuddin and his colleagues quickly renamed the place as Mujibnagar in honour of the jailed leader of the nationalist struggleThe day was April 17, 1971.As acting president of Bangladesh (the incarcerated Bangabandhu having been chosen president of the republic), Syed Nazrul Islam swore in Tajuddin as prime minister along with Khondokar Moshtaq Ahmed, AHM Quamruzzaman and M Mansoor Ali as ministers in the very first Banglee government in history. Colonel MAG Osmany was given charge as commander-in-chief of the liberation army, now known as the Mukti Bahini, to forge battlefield strategy for the armed struggle. The formal proclamation of independence, detailing the backdrop to the war, was read out by Prof Yusuf Ali, an academic-turned-politician elected to the national assembly in the December 1970 elections.The acting president and the prime minister delivered brief speeches explaining the background to the formation of the government. There was no question, they told the assembled Bangalee villagers as well as newsmen  from around the world, of Bangladesh reverting to the position which existed in pre-March 25 Pakistan. No political solution other than the acceptance of an independent Bangladesh as a historical reality could be arrived at. The brief ceremony came to an end to shouts of Joi Bangla from the crowd gathered there.The die had been cast. The spirit of freedom was in the air.

Mujibnagar and Our Twilight Struggle

SYED BADRUL AHSAN recalls the spirit of the Mujibnagar government.

The emergence of the provisional Bangladesh government in Mujibnagar, 41 years ago on April 17, 1971, was a defining moment for the Bengali nation. The first Bengali government in history,

administered by Bengalis and for Bengalis, took shape in the grey region between the sinister and the illuminating. The sinister was the programmed genocide launched with unprecedented viciousness by the Pakistan occupation army; and the illuminating was the truth that such a brutal assault on human dignity, indeed on the traditions of people, could not go unchallenged and unbeaten. And so it was on April 17, 1971, that in Meherpur of Chuadanga, the senior leaders of the Awami League, close associates of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, came together to proclaim before the world that out of the debris of a fast enveloping war had emerged a government, the overriding purpose behind the deed being the liberation of the land.

And that said it all. Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, M. Mansoor Ali and A.H.M Quamruzzaman informed their fellow Bengalis and then the world that occupied Bangladesh was ready for a twilight struggle against Pakistan. It did not matter that Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had been spirited away in prison somewhere in Pakistan. But it did matter that he was the symbol of the struggle about to be unleashed by a nation brutalised by savagery. Long hours had been spent working out the details of the announcement of the government, its line-up and its objectives. Men like Amirul Islam, the eminent lawyer, had worked on the draft proclamation that would be read out on the occasion. And Yusuf Ali, teacher-turned-politician, was there to do the job. He would do it with finesse. Journalists from the global media had been told of the event and on the day would make sure they were there to take in the measure of Bengali resistance to Pakistan. The moment was a first for Bengalis in their thousand-year history. Of course, Sirajuddoulah, the last independent nawab of Bengal, had perished in 1757, waging war against the British and their local cohorts in defence of a lost cause. But here was Bengal, or the eastern part of a whole truncated already through the grim turn of events in 1947, ready to rise in defence of its self-esteem. There was a qualitative difference between Sirajuddoulah and the men about to transform themselves into a government in April 1971. It was simple: the political structure which Tajuddin Ahmed and his associates hurriedly cobbled into shape would be the first Bengali government in history. Never before had Bengalis governed themselves. Now, caught between a rock and a hard place, the government that would come to be known as Mujibnagar had chosen to strike back.

Much good and many unprecedented events flowed from April 17, 1971. The essence of it all was the creation of a sense of purpose among the Bengali nation. Students, academics, doctors, lawyers, artistes, politicians, civil servants, journalists, diplomats, soldiers -- all rallied to the cause . . . because the Mujibnagar government was there. Thousands of young men simply marched from their villages and their towns and then trekked through woodlands and swam across streams and rivers to link up with Mujibnagar. What had till March 25 been the improbable turned out to be the eminently possible. Songs of revolution that Bengalis had never heard before became part of their existence through Shwadhin Bangla Betar. Bengali officers of the Pakistan army, now no more with it and very much a moving force behind the resistance, forged a guerrilla force named the Mukti Bahini and let it loose upon the marauding men from the mountains of the distant west.

What if the Mujibnagar government had not taken shape? What if the men who would lead the armed struggle against Pakistan had chosen to spend the rest of their lives waiting for a negotiated settlement to the crisis? What if, in the absence of resistance, Pakistan had perpetuated its presence in Bangladesh and cast its ever-darkening shadow on Bengali heritage? These are questions that need not be answered, seeing that history was to take an unambiguous course and was to lead the Bengali nation to its supreme triumph. Yet, prior to April 17, 1971, these fears were all too real for the nation to dismiss out of hand. Bangabandhu had been

commandeered by the Pakistan army; and not one of us knew where the rest of the Awami League leadership echelon was at that point. We would, of course, know subsequently that even as we worried about the future, Tajuddin Ahmed and Amirul Islam were making frantic efforts to locate the other men who would form the core of the Mujibnagar government. Over a period of nearly a month, Syed Nazrul Islam, Mansoor Ali, Quamruzzaman, M.A.G. Osmany and a host of others would link up with Tajuddin Ahmed. The moment that would make history would be at hand.

It is that lighting of the candle in the dark we celebrate this morning. The men who built the edifice of Bengali resistance little knew before March 25, 1971, of the huge ordeal that lay ahead of them. They were men whose belief in constitutional politics had been total and unequivocal. And yet these were the men on whose shoulders devolved the responsibility of guiding a bewildered, frightened nation to freedom. They did the job marvellously well. They shaped a revolution that would put in global political orbit the first sovereign Bengali republic in history.

And we are better off today because of the great cause that the Mujibnagar men upheld, with fortitude and foresight, in our year of unmitigated tragedy and untrammelled triumph.

The Mujibnagar ethosSyed Badrul AhsanThey were young men, dedicated to the cause of freedom, intensely. When you think back on Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed and A.H.M. Quamruzzaman, you cannot but be struck by the youth in them. M.Mansur Ali was slightly older. Professor Yusuf Ali was young. Barrister Amirul Islam was younger. M.A.G. Osmany was of course a veteran in terms of age and service in the army, but all those sector commanders were young people, in their thirties. And all these people, fired by patriotic zeal, were there to wage war against the military might of an organised state. They were all patriotic Bengalis responding to the call of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. And Bangabandhu, if you remember, was a mere fifty one years old. That was youth.In April 1971, then, the revolution that would come to be known as Bangladesh was planned, organised and led to a natural culmination by young men and women awakened to the need to reassert heritage. There were the government officers in the police and in the administration, all young Bengalis convinced that the land had to be purged of the enemy and his cloying collaborators. They made their way to Mujibnagar, to identify with the national cause. In their wake, thousands of even younger Bengalis turned their backs on home, on family, in the towns and in the villages, and marched into battle. Many of them would not return home, would mingle with the dust and mud of the land. Many others would.And then, in light of history happening on April 17, 1971, would come droves of artistes, journalists, doctors and academics to enlist their names to the cause. Mujibnagar would be a symbol, of everything ennobling, everything inspiring, about politics. For the first time in history, a republic formed by Bengalis and a government constituted of Bengalis were what happened in Mujibnagar.If April 17 was the beginning of a sustained, disciplined march to liberty, the preparation for it had been made on April 10 and then on April 12. Or even earlier. Tajuddin Ahmed, having informed the world that Bangladesh was on its way, needed, in association with his peers in the party, to have that message of freedom go out to the world louder and clearer and without ambiguity. The world was there on April 17, at Baidyanathtola, an isolated spot of earth

destined to be known as Mujibnagar. It heard the message. It felt the rumblings of a new order easing from the core of Bengal’s earth.Patriotism in its fullness defined this nation in April 1971, days before the provisional government gave shape to itself. Driven by conscience and love of country, two young Bengali diplomats in the service of Pakistan, laid themselves open and vulnerable to uncertainty on April 6 at Pakistan’s diplomatic mission in India. K.M. Shehabuddin and Amjadul Haq walked away from their jobs, informed the media of the pain of seeing their land going up in smoke at the hands of the state they had served all these years, of their moral requirement to sever all links with the aggressor state.Shehabuddin and Haq, like everyone else drawn to the battle for Bangladesh, were heroic men in that year of endless misery and, in the end, infinite glory. There were others, Hossain Ali for instance. A day after the rise of Mujibnagar, he pulled down the Pakistan flag from Islamabad’s deputy high commission in Calcutta, replaced it with the Bangladesh green-and-crimson and gave the War of Liberation yet another shot in the arm.Beauty and reality flowed from Mujibnagar. It was a crucial test, the very first, for men of poetry determined to transform themselves into soldiers for freedom. Poetry and politics thus were entwined in beauteous manner; and seventy five million people came together in a historic demonstration of defiance of the arrogance of hollow men and their vacuous state.Other people in other countries spoke up for Bangladesh. George Harrison and Ravi Shankar and Joan Baez rent the skies of New York with songs of passion, lyrics that brought Bangladesh to every home in the civilised part of the globe. Songs were what the artistes of Shwadhin Bangla Betar sprinkled on the battlefields of Bangladesh, on the rain-drenched camps of the ten million refugees across the border with India.The war claimed lives in surefire fashion. As the Pakistan army went after unarmed, innocent civilians in the villages and towns, the guerrillas of the Mukti Bahini drove increasing fear into the heart of the enemy. The enemy feared the Muktis; Pakistan’s marauding soldiers panicked as their territory shrank in slow, steady degrees.Mujibnagar brought all Bengalis together. Outside the occupied land of Bangladesh, Bengalis across the diaspora banded together to aid the cause back home. These Bengalis, with roots in Bangladesh or West Bengal, linked hands and hearts and souls in a forceful demonstration of common ethnicity. There were Pakistanis, Malik Ghulam Jilani and Ahmed Salim for instance, who identified with the Bengali cause. Another Pakistani, in the diplomatic service of his country and shamed by the murder and mayhem caused by his nation’s army, placed his services before the Mujibnagar government. Iqbal Athar would in time gain Bangladesh citizenship and serve his new country abroad with distinction.On April 17, 1971, hope sprouted from a huge pile of despair, Joi Bangla discovered a new sense of purpose. In the name of an incarcerated Sheikh Mujibur Rahman — Bangabandhu, Father of the Nation, Liberator, universally acknowledged leader of seventy five million Bengalis — the war was taken to the fortress of the enemy. The citadels of the oppressors would crumble eight months later, on a winter afternoon.It was spring back then. It is spring today.

Recreate 1971 Mujibnagar

The Bangladesh Liberation War was not just a soldier's war but a people's war. Except a few collaborators, all the Bengalis under the leadership of the exiled Bangladesh government (Mujibnagar government) fought their own way against the occupation army.

In the absence of Bangabandhu, formation of a Bangladesh government within only two weeks of 25th March by Tajuddin Ahmed and his trusted companions is historically the most important event in 1971.

In spite of limited resources, facilities and bargaining power the Mujibnagar government consisting of the elected parliament members of the 1970 election - under Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed (and acting president Nazrul Islam, ministers AHM Kamruzaman and Mansur Ali, and C-in-C General MAG Osmani) prudently managed the nine months of wartime.

The headquarters of the Mujibnagar Government (also Bangladesh war headquarters) was situated at 8, Theatre Road, Calcutta (later renamed Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata). And the centrepiece was the prime minister's humble living and office rooms. Momentous conferences and decisions were taken here despite continuous fear of Pakistani commando and air attacks. Now very few people know anything about Mujibnagar headquarters. In my long search I saw only 2-3 bad quality photographs of it.

So, I would request the Liberation War Museum, Bangabandhu Museum, National Museum and other museums to precisely recreate the core 1971 Cabinet War Rooms and miniature replication of the Mujibnagar Government Headquarters (people who worked there are still alive).

At least, the museums can display artefacts, photographs, documents and films related to Mujibnagar Government Headquarters in a separate gallery. The Bangladesh government may request the Indian government to hand over possession of that historic house to us.

The young Bangladeshis should know what happened in 1971.

Significance of Mujibnagar DayZahid Hossain

As we look back to the eventful and memorable Mujibnagar days and the role played by the Mujibnagar government during the nine-month long War of Independence of Bangladesh in 1971, our hearts glow with warm feelings of pride and glory. The country and the people will always gratefully cherish the memories of the freedom fighters and those political leaders who led them with deep affection and profound regard.

The formation of the Mujibnagar government and its pronouncement to the world at large on April 17, 1971 is really a red-letter day in our national history specially after a thumping victory of the Awami League in the elections of 1970 under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The 167 MNAs and 293 MPs who composed the Constituent Assembly in their boundless duty, right and constitutional obligation to the electors, gave it a true shape and constitutional perspective on this day making the dream of an independent Bangladesh a reality. From this point of view Mujibnagar day (17th April) is a landmark in our struggle for independence as well as in our national history.

The Mujibnagar government was formed on April 17, 1971 at the Baidyanathtala mango grove of Meherpur, a former subdivision of Kushtia district following the 10th April proclamation of Independence Order of Bangladesh. The oath taking was witnessed by hundreds of foreign journalists who had assembled there to hail the birth of a new nation. The President of the new nation was Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman; Syed Nazrul Islam became the acting president; Tajuddin Ahmed, the Prime Minister; M. Mansur Ali, the Finance Minister; M. Quamruz Zaman, the Home, Relief and Rehabilitation Minister and Khandakar Mustaque Ahmed, Foreign Affairs and Law Minister. General M. A. G. Osmani who was then a retd Colonel and MNA elected from Awami League was made the C-in-C of the Bangladesh armed forces.

Herculean taskIt was a herculean task. Organizing civil administration and the freedom fighters, securing arms for the latter and training them, mobilizing international support for the liberation war through intense diplomatic action, ensuring speedy communication and effective coordination of various activities at hundred different levels, above all, keeping the morale of the freedom fighters high throughout the dark, difficult and strenuous days of the war. They called for extraordinary wisdom, dedication, patience, foresight, courage and tenacity on the part of the Mujibnagar government and all those connected with it.

The formation of the Mujibnagar Government had great significance for the fact that the great men who gave leadership to this great event in the absence of the supreme leader and continued the armed struggle for the following eight months, having allowed no breach in the unity of their people, which was one of the cornerstones of our total liberation war, fought valiantly involving everyone and above all kept the supreme leader alive in the minds of every freedom fighter as if he was fighting side by side with them.

17th April in fact, gave the total war effort a fuller meaning, it cemented the unity of the people, brought the world closer to the existence of freedom fighters and made the war efforts bloom in its full focus and realised the presence of Bangladesh in the comity of nations. It was in effect a formal introduction to the rest of the world of the nature of the political leadership that was set to guide the nation into a concerted and organised war of national liberation.

That Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the Paramount leader of the country, both in its struggle for constitutional legitimacy and military triumph was given political and moral sanction by everything that happened on April 17, 1971 in a spot of territory that was to be forever transformed in the annals of politics.

An absolute necessityBangabandhu had never preached revolution and political terrorism had never been part of his platform. Therefore, when the assault of the Pakistani military machine came, it remained for him to inform his associates that a long and hard struggle on the battlefield had become necessary. The declaration of independence he made moments before his arrest by the Pakistani military forced upon his associates the need for armed struggle. And that was proof that while he awaited uncertain and terrible incarceration, he had briefed his associates on what needed to be done. The dispersal of the leadership out of Dhaka as the army went into action was a sign that there was to be no turning back from the course Bengalis had set for themselves. And thus the formation of Mujibnagar government was undoubtedly a rightful constitutional as well as logical and realistic step by the trusted and capable associates of the great leader.

The establishment of the Mujibnagar government was an absolute necessity for another reason. Had it not been put in place, it is reasonably certain that diffuse guerilla movements would have spawned all over the country without any form of central control. The danger inherent in such politics lies in an absence of legitimacy. And in Bangladesh's politics at that point in time, the absence of the Mujibnagar government would only have given the freedom struggle a clearly secessionist hue, to the immense delight of the Pakistanis and to the consternation of a Bengali population directly in the military's line of fire. Seen in such light, the presence of Acting President Syed Nazrul Islam and Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed with their colleagues deep in Meherpur in April 1971 was a clear, unequivocal statement of intent: that the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh had taken it upon themselves to give shape and substances to an independent statehood for them.

It was thus the global community that was left with hardly a choice. The initiation of the war of national liberation, given the fact that it was being waged by a leadership privy to the electorally acknowledged support of the nation, could not be dismissed as an insurrection or a secessionist enterprise. Moreover, the military's

misadventure (swooping upon Bengali political aspirations through an exercise of brazenness) assisted the cause not a little.

Flight to IndiaThe killing of unarmed civilians, the razing of villages and townships and the atrocities against women only strengthened the cause of the provisional government. In the months between March and December 1971, the flight of ten million people to India convinced the global community of the necessity and the righteousness of the Bengali cause, and helped the Mujibnagar government to inform the world that there was no alternative to an independent Bangladesh.

The provisional government undertook the onerous responsibility of moulding international opinion in Bangladesh's favour: the effort was assisted a great deal by the momentum of declaration of allegiance to the national struggle by Bengali diplomats stationed in Pakistani missions abroad. Placing the entire diplomatic efforts in the hands of a well-respected personality like Justice Abu Sayeed Chowdhury was yet another factor for the success of the efforts of Mujibnagar government in mobilising world opinion in our favour.

The speeches and statements made by the Acting President, late Syed Nazrul Islam, Prime Minister late Tajuddin Ahmed and other leaders of the exiled Mujibnagar government at the formal oath taking ceremony and other subsequent occasions were widely appreciated world over as those reflected really democratic and progressive principles of the new government. The guiding principles and the state policies announced time to time by the government in exile were all fully democratic based on universal human rights principles and other widely accepted international norms and protocols.

Finally the formation of Mujibnagar government was the real birth of a new nation -- a nation imbued with the spirit of democratic value, nationalism, secularism and socialism obtained from the call of a man whose stature as a statesman had surpassed that of any of his time and most of his predecessors, who united the Bengali speaking people on a piece of land as one man and raised a nation of indomitable courage, powerful and splendid in its commitment that went head on to face a fiercely equipped army of Pakistan, bare-handed bred with conviction and valour and strength of insurmountable will and unity to be independent and ready to shed the last drop of blood of every individual born on this soil then called East Pakistan.

MUJIBNAGAR GOVERNMENT—A LANDMARK IN OUR LIBERATION WARDr Md Shairul Mashreque and Dr M. Abul Kashem MozumderThe emergence of Mujibnagar Government 41 years ago on 17 April 1971 is really a milestone in our national history. The 167 MNAs and 293 MPs who composed the Constituent Assembly fulfilling their constitutional obligation to the electors, gave a true shape and constitutional perspective making the dream of an independent Bangladesh a reality. From this point of view, Mujibnagar day (April 17) is a landmark in our struggle for independence as well as in our national history. The veteran leaders of Awami League gathered at Meherpur to proclaim that ‘out of the debris of a fast enveloping war had emerged a government, the overriding purpose behind the deed being the liberation of the land.”

The president of the war cabinet at Mujibnagar was Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman; Syed Nazrul Islam became the Acting President in the absence of Bangabandhu; Tajuddin Ahmed, the Prime Minister; M. Mansur Ali, the Finance Minister; M. Quamruz Zaman, the Home, Relief and Rehabilitation Minister; and Khandakar Mustaque Ahmed, Foreign Affairs and

Law Minister. General M. A. G. Osmani who was then a retired colonel and MNA elected from Awami League were made the C-in-C of the Bangladesh armed forces. To quote a columnist:

“The formation of the Mujibnagar government had great significance for the fact that the great men who gave leadership to this great event in the absence of our supreme leader and continued the armed struggle for the following eight months, having allowed no breach in the unity of their people, was one of the cornerstones of our total Liberation War, fought valiantly involving everyone, and above all kept our leader alive in the minds of every freedom fighter as if he was fighting side by side with them.”

The creation of April 17 in fact gave the war effort a fuller meaning. It cemented the unity of the people, brought the world closer to the existence of freedom fighters, made the war efforts bloom in its full focus, and realised the presence of Bangladesh in the comity of nations. It was in effect a formal introduction to the rest of the world of the nature of the political leadership that was set to guide the nation into a concerted and organised war of national independence.

The Mujibnagar Government was well organised as war cabinet. It contained “an elaborate structure of administrative departments, agencies and activities”. The Herculean task before the government was “coordinating the guerrilla insurgency” and bolstering popular support by its political organisational network. To cite Wikipedia:

The Mujibnagar Government organised a network of agencies in an attempt to establish a structure of government and leadership, as a credible alternative to the government of Pakistan. The Mujibnagar Government’s efforts primarily focused on organising relief for civilian refugees fleeing from the Pakistani army, recruiting and training volunteers for the guerrilla forces and using a wide variety of communications and media to project the nationalist message to the people in East Pakistan and across the world. The Mujibnagar Government also appointed envoys to India and other countries in the hope of obtaining foreign political support for the goal of an independent Bangladesh.

The Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra (Free Bangladesh Radio Centre) was the primary broadcasting service used by the nationalists to project their messages to the population of Bangladesh, after the conventional media was suppressed and controlled by Pakistani state forces. The radio service was a major operation of the government-in-exile, as it was its primary means to encourage nationalists, garner popular support and preserve a sense of direction and information amongst the population. The radio service broadcast political news and music programme in Bengali, English and Urdu.

The personnel involved in radio service included among others: Ashfaqur Rahman Khan, Shahidul Islam, T H Shikdar, Balal Mohammad, Taher Sultan, Kamal Lohani, Nasimul Quader Chowdhury (Bangla news), Aly Zaker (English news), Alamgir Kabir (English news commentary), Zahid Siddiqui (In-charge of Urdu programme), Samar Das and Ajit Ray (Music), Hasan Imam, (In-charge of Drama), Ashraful Alam (Outdoor broadcasting and interviews), Syed Abdus Shakoor and Rezaul Karim Chowdhury (Engineering).

The government in exile organised war against Pakistani occupation army and their Bengali quislings. It provided leadership, unity and direction to the guerrilla war for liberating occupied

areas flushing out the Pakistan state forces and their allies. Many historians believe that “without the explicit and organised government-in-exile, the guerrilla resistance to Pakistani forces would have been fragmented, disorganised and ineffectual.” Many scholars and political observers believe that “the Mujibnagar Government was a symbolic centre of the nationalist struggle, and served the essential purpose of lifting the morale of revolutionaries and those who supported the Awami League’s campaign for Bangladesh. The Mujibnagar Government sought to serve as a credible alternative and counterpart to the Pakistani government, a system of political leadership distinct from the Indian government and a major contender for territorial control.”

Every year Mujibnagar day is observed in a meaningful way because of the great cause that it upheld with firm determination and unequivocal commitment.

Mujibnagar: Where the nation’s destiny was reshaped –

April 17, the Mujibnagar Day, is one of the most important days in the history of our freedom struggle and War of Liberation. On this day in 1971 the representatives of the people of Bangladesh, elected through the 1970 general elections, at a milestone gathering at Baidyanathtala in Meherpur (renamed as Mujibnagar) formally endorsed the declaration of independence made by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 26 March 1971 and the provisional government formed on 10 April 1971 to lead the liberation war. The provisional government, better known as Mujibnagar government, took oath of office on this day.

It was through this ceremony that the nation’s formal journey on the road to liberation had begun and the struggle for independence attained legitimacy and acceptability from the people across the world. Moreover, it was this formal proclamation of independence by the people’s elected representatives that ultimately formed the basis of all laws including the constitution of the country.

The formation of the Mujibnagar government and its oath-taking took place after several days of hectic activities by the people’s representatives amid conflicting stands and intense power struggle. Awami League general secretary Tajuddin Ahmed met Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 4 April 1971. This was a crucial meeting. Conveying to her Bangabandhu’s last message Tajuddin said, ‘Bangabandhu has sent us to you to seek all out support to our struggle against the Pakistanis. We want to liberate our country through armed struggle with Indian help.’

The talks between Tajuddin and Indira Gandhi continued for two days on 4 - 5 April. After detailed discussions the Indian Prime Minister agreed to provide total support for the War of Liberation of Bangladesh. It was decided that a provisional government of Bangladesh would be allowed to lead the war staying in India, Freedom fighters of Bangladesh would be provided with training and arms and India will give all assistance needed to continue the war. Besides, arrangements will be made for shelter and food for the Bangladeshi refugees.

Soon after his return from Delhi to Calcutta Tajuddin Ahmed started the works for forming the provisional government. There were brisk activities in this regard sparking intense discord and power struggle. Senior Awami League leaders agreed on the need for the formation of a provisional government. They were also unanimous that Bangabandhu would be the head of the government. But bitter discord surfaced on who would be the Prime Minister.

Meanwhile, influential youth leader Sheikh Fazlul Huq Moni was deadly against the formation of any provisional government. He was pleading for constituting a Revolutionary Council headed by Bangabandhu instead of forming a provisional government to lead the liberation war. He was supported by youth leaders Sirajul Alam Khan, Abdur Razzaque, Tofael Ahmed and student leaders ASM Abdur Rab, Shajahan Siraj, Nure Alam Siddiki and Abdul Kuddus Makhan.

The proposal of Sheikh Moni was not acceptable to the Awami League leaders. They were in favour of forming a provisional government. But they were sharply divided on the framework of such government. Specially, the long-standing leadership-conflict between Tajuddin Ahmed and Khandaker Mustaque surfaced nakedly over the selection of the Prime Minister. Mustaque himself became a serious candidate for the post of Prime Minister and lobbied widely for it. But the response he received was very poor.

In the long run, a framework of provisional government was worked out after a series of meetings and parleys of Awami League leaders and lawmakers. It was decided that the provisional government would comprise the members of the Awami League High Command which was headed by Bangabandhu.

Accordingly the provisional government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April with Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the President, Syed Nazrul Islam as Vice President, Tajuddin Ahmed as Prime Minister, khandakar MustaqueAhmed as Foreign Minister, M Mansur Ali as Finaance Minister and AHM Kamaruzzaman as Home Minister. It was decided that Syed Nazrul Islam would perform the responsibility of Acting President in the absence of Bangabandhu.

The oath-taking of the first government of Bangladesh on 17 April was a historic event that shaped the destiny of Bengali nation. Baidyanathtala, a village of then Meherpur Sub-division of Kushtia district along Bangladesh-India border was renamed as Mujibnagar. At a large mango orchard there the swearing-in ceremony took place in presence of a large number of foreign journalists besides the local people.

Before the oath-taking of the government, the representatives of the people formally pronounced the proclamation of independence. The proclamation of independence was read out by Prof. Yousuf Ali, Awami League Chief Whip-elect for the National Assembly elected in 1970.

In his address at the ceremony Acting President Syed Nazrul Islam said, “Bangladesh had lost her independence in the war at the mango orchard of Palassy in 1957. Today, on 17 April 1971 that lost independence has returned here at another mango orchard of Bangladesh. Free Bangladesh is born.” Prime Minister Tajuddin Ahmed said, “Pakistan is dead. The dead body of Pakistan has been buried under the mountain of human corpses. Our struggle would not stop until the occupation forces are driven out of the country.”

The most important aspect of the swearing-in of Mujibnagar Government on 17 April, 1971 was that through it the War of Liberation got a legitimate, formal and organised shape paving the way for hectic activities in training up freedom fighters and launching assaults on the invaders at home and carrying on diplomatic campaign abroad.

It goes without saying that although the provisional government at Mujibnagar comprised all five members of the Awami Legue High Command, Tajuddin Ahmed emerged as the central figure by dint of his prudence, leadership quality and devotion as well as by his success in accomplishing the pivotal task reposed by Bangabandhu in his close associate in leading the nation to liberty in absence of him.

Both Tajuddin and Sheikh Moni had deep distrust for Mustaque who was considered even by many party men

as a ‘conspirator’. At one stage, it was revealed that Mustaque was maintaining secret links with the United States in an effort to end the war on the basis of a ‘confederation formula’ with Pakistan instead of total independence of Bangladesh. This infuriated Tajuddin Ahmed extremely and he excluded the name of Foreign Minister Mustaque from the team selected to be sent to the UNO for lobbying in favour of independence. In the changed decision, Justice Abu Sayeed Choudhry was made the leader of the team in place of Mustaque.

No doubt, this deteriorated further the relations between Tajuddin and Mustaque. Their bitter rivalry continued even after independence. Some of the analysts allege that Mustaque’s policy of vengeance culminated in the grisly jail killing in November 1975.

National leaders -Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, M Mansur Ali and Kamaruzzaman have been removed from the world while in detention, but their glorious role as leaders of Mujibnagar Government in leading successfully the country’s War of Liberation will be remembered by the nation for all time to come.

মু�জি�বনগর সরকা�র গঠন গুরুত্ব ও তা�ৎপর্য�

এ কথা� বি�না� বি�ধা�য় �লা� যা�য় যেযা, একটা� স্বা�ধা�না ও সা���ভৌ��ম যে�শ বি�ভৌসাভৌ� ���লা�ভৌ�শ প্রবি�ষ্ঠা�র সা�গ্রা�ভৌম সা�ভৌ!ভৌয় যে�বিশ ক�যা�কর� ও সা"�#রপ্রসা�র� সা��বি�ধা�বিনাক প�ভৌ%প বি&লা ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র গঠনা এ�� প্র�বি�ষ্ঠা�বিনাক��ভৌ� মবি*সা��র শপথা অনা"ষ্ঠা�না আভৌয়�'না কভৌর বি�শ্ব�.�প� প্র!�ভৌরর �.�স্থা� কর�। এর ফভৌলা ��ঙা�লা�ভৌ�র সা�. শুরু �ওয়� সাশস্ত্র ম"বি5যা"দ্ধ লা�� কভৌর বি�শ�লা �.�পক�� এ�� শুরু �য় বি�শ্ব�.�প� আম�ভৌ�র স্বাপভৌ% 'নাসামথা�না অ'�ভৌনা �.�পক সা�ড়া�। 

প্রক# �পভৌ9 ১৯৭০ সা�ভৌলার '���য় বিনা���!ভৌনা বি�'য়� �ভৌলার যেনা��ভৌ�র ��র� আনা"ষ্ঠা�বিনাক��ভৌ� ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র গঠনা কর�টা� বি&লা স্বা�ধা�না সা���ভৌ��ম ���লা�ভৌ�শ প্রবি�ষ্ঠা�র স্বাপভৌ% বি�শ্ব�.�প� 'নাম� গঠভৌনা একটা� অ��� গুরুত্বপ@র্ণ� ও উভৌCখভৌযা�গ. প্রবিEয়� যা� একবি�ভৌক যেযামনা স্বা�ধা�না�� অ'�ভৌনার 'না. সারক�র প্রবি�ষ্ঠা� যেথাভৌক শুরু কভৌর অনা.�না. র�'নৈনাবি�ক �ৎপর��র স্বাপভৌ%র কম�ক�-যেHর বি�শ্ব বিমবিIয়�ভৌ� �.�পক প্র!�রর্ণ�, অনা.বি�ভৌক প�বিকসাত্মা�না� ��বি�না� ক�HরK#ক বিনার�� বিনারস্ত্র যে�শ��সা�ভৌ�র ওপর আধা"বিনাক অস্ত্রশস্ত্র বিনাভৌয় অম�না"বিLক��ভৌ� ��মলা� !�বিলাভৌয় ��'�র ��'�র যেলা�কভৌক বিনাম�ম��ভৌ� ��.� কর�র ক�বি�না�র �.�পক প্র!�রর্ণ� ও বি�শ্ব�.�প� বিনান্দা�র যে'�য়�র। 

আসাভৌলা ১৯৭১ সা�ভৌলার ১৭ এবিপ্রলা ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র গঠনা কর� বি&লা একটা� ��সাত্মা�সাম্ম� ও সাময় উপভৌযা�গ� সা��বি�ধা�বিনাক প�ভৌ9প। এটা� আম�ভৌ�র স্বা�ধা�না�� সা�গ্রা�ভৌমর অনা.�ম একটা� উজ্জ্বলা ঘটানা� এ�� '���য় '��ভৌনার একটা� বি�ভৌশL গুরম্নত্বপ@র্ণ� বি�না। ১৯৭০ সা�ভৌলা প�বিকসাত্মা�ভৌনার '���য় ও প্র�ভৌ�বিশক বিনা���!না আওয়�ম� লা�গ যাথা�Eভৌম ১৬৭ এমএনাএ ও ২৯৩ এমবিপ প� লা��ক�র� �লা বি�ভৌসাভৌ� ��ভৌ�র ওপর অবিপ�� সা��বি�ধা�বিনাক ও '���য় ��বিয়ত্ব প�লানা কভৌরবি&লা যেসাবি�না ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র গঠনা কভৌর বি�ভৌশL কভৌর ১৯৭১ সা�ভৌলার ২৫ ম�!� র�ভৌ� প�ক ��বি�না� যাখনা বিনারস্ত্র ��ঙা�লা�ভৌ�র ওপর ঝাঁW�বিপভৌয় পভৌড়া ��ভৌ�র সা���ধা"বিনাক সামর�স্ত্র বিনাভৌয় �খনা সা��বি�ধা�বিনাক প�ভৌ%প বি�ভৌসাভৌ� এটা�ই বি&লা ��ভৌ�র 'না. একম�ত্র আইনাসাম্ম� র�'নৈনাবি�ক উভৌ�.�গ। আর ��ই এর গ্রা�র্ণভৌযা�গ.��ও বি&লা �.�পক এ�� প্রশ�বিসা� �ভৌয়বি&লাও সা��ত্র এ�� সা��ম�ভৌলা। 

প্রক# �পভৌ% ১৯৭১ সা�ভৌলার ম�!� ম�ভৌসার ম�ঝাঁ�ম�বিঝাঁর বি�ভৌক যে'না�ভৌরলা ইয়�বি�য়� খ�ভৌনার সা�ভৌযা�গ�ভৌ�র সাভৌZ �Z�ন্ধু" র যেনা�# ভৌত্ব ��র সা�কম\ভৌ�র প�বিকসাত্মা�ভৌনার �ৎক�লা�না বি��.ম�না সামসা.��লা� ও %ম�� �স্তা�ন্তভৌরর বি�বি�ন্ন রূপভৌরখ� বিনাভৌয় যাখনা আভৌলা�!না� শুKরু �য় �খনাই প�ক সা�মবিরক !E যেযামনা �Z�ন্ধু" ও ��ঙা�লা�ভৌ�র ক�ভৌ& 9ম�� �স্তা�ন্তর করভৌ� না� �ভৌলা আভৌলা�!না�র না�ভৌম সাময়ভৌ%পর্ণ

করবি&লা আর যে��ভৌর যে��ভৌর ��ঙা�লা�ভৌ�র �মনা কর�র 'না. সা�মবিরক প্রস্তুবি� বিনাবিbলা। �Z�ন্ধু" ও বিকন্তু ��ভৌ�র Lড়াযা* �"ঝাঁভৌ� যেপভৌরবি&ভৌলানা। ��ই বি�বিনাও অবি��সা অসা�ভৌযা�বিগ�� আভৌন্দা�লানা যেযামনা !�বিলাভৌয় যা�বিbভৌলানা সাভৌZ সাভৌZ ঘভৌর ঘভৌর �"গ� গভৌড়া �d ভৌলা বিক��ভৌ� প�ক ��বি�না�ভৌক পর�সাত্মা কর� যা�য় এ�� বিক��ভৌ� �বি�L.ভৌ� স্বা�ধা�না�� অ'�ভৌনার 'না. আভৌন্দা�লানা !�বিলাভৌয় যা�ওয়� �ভৌ� যেসা বি�Lভৌয় ��র সা�কম\ভৌ�র যাথা�যাথা বিনাভৌ��শনা� ও কম�পন্থা� ঠিক কভৌর বি�ভৌয়বি&ভৌলানা। ��ই ২৫ ম�!� র�ভৌ� যেগ্রাফ��র ���র প@�� ম"�g ভৌ�� �Z�ন্ধু" যেঘ�Lর্ণ� কভৌরনা ���লা�ভৌ�ভৌশর স্বা�ধা�না�� এ�� ��র সা�কম\র�ও প@ভৌ��র বিনাভৌ��শ যেম���ভৌ�ক কম�পন্থা� গ্রা�ভৌর্ণ প�ভৌ%প যেনায় দ্রম্ন� এ�� �Z�ন্ধু" র বিনাভৌ��শ মভৌ��। 

১৯৭১ সা�ভৌলার ১০ এবিপ্রভৌলার স্বা�ধা�না��র যেপ্র�ভৌiভৌমশভৌনার ধা�র���বি�ক��য় ১৭ এবিপ্রলা আনা"ষ্ঠা�বিনাক��ভৌ� শপথা গ্রা�ভৌর্ণর প্র!�রর্ণ� কর� �য়। ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র গঠভৌনার অনা"ষ্ঠা�ভৌনা উপবিস্থা� বি&লা কভৌয়ক শ� যে�শ�-বি�ভৌ�শ� সা����বি�ক ও অনা.�না. প্র!�র ম�ধা.ভৌমর কম\র�। শপথা গ্রা�র্ণ অনা"ষ্ঠা�নাটি অনা"বিষ্ঠা� �য় �ৎক�লা�না ক" ষ্টিয়� যে'লা�র যেমভৌ�রপ"র সা��বিIবি�শভৌনার বৈ��.না�থা�লা� আম��গ�ভৌনা। �Z�ন্ধু" যেশখ ম"বি'�"র র�ম�নাভৌক কর� �য় যেপ্রবিসাভৌIন্ট এ�� ��র অ��� ম�ভৌনা ��রপ্র�প্ত সা��পবি� কর� �য় বৈসায়� না'রম্নলা ইসালা�মভৌক। প্রধা�নাম*� কর� �য় ��'উদ্দী�না আ�ম�ভৌক। ক.�ভৌpনা ম"নাসা"র আলা�ভৌক অথা�ম*� এ�� ক�ম�রম্নজ্জা�ম�নাভৌক কর� �য় স্বার�ষ্ট্র, ত্র�র্ণ ও প"না���সানা ম*�। পরর�ষ্ট্র ও আইনাম*� কর� �য় খন্দাক�র যেম�শ��ক আ�ম্ম�ভৌক এ�� �ৎক�লা�না অ�সারপ্র�প্ত কভৌনা�লা এ�� আওয়�ম� লা�ভৌগর এমএনাএ এমএবি' ওসাম�না�ভৌক কর� �য় সাশস্ত্র ��বি�না�র সা���বিধানা�য়ক। 

২৫ ম�!� র�� যেথাভৌক প�ক��বি�না�র জ্বা�লা�ও, যেপ�ড়া�ও, ��.� ও লা"টাপ�ভৌটার বৈপশ�বি!ক কম�ক�- শুরম্ন কর�র পর আওয়�ম� লা�ভৌগর যেনা��কম\ এ�� স্বা�ধা�না��র স্বাপভৌ%র যেলা�ভৌকর� আত্মার%�র 'না. আত্মাভৌগ�পনা করভৌ� ��ধা. �য় যে�ভৌশর এখ�ভৌনা যেসাখ�ভৌনা। এমবিনা পবিরবিস্থাবি�ভৌ� সা�বিশস্নষ্ট সা��ইভৌক একবিত্র� কভৌর একটা� সারক�র গঠনা কর� এ�� প�বিকসাত্মা�ভৌনার মভৌ�� একটি শবি5শ�লা� সা�মবিরক ��বি�না�র বি�রম্নভৌদ্ধ যা"দ্ধ কভৌর অল্প সামভৌয়র মভৌধা. বি�'য় বি&বিনাভৌয় আনা�টা� বি&লা সাবি�.ই একটা� কঠিনা ক�'। আর এই সা"কঠিনা ক�'টা� সা"!�রম্ন��ভৌ� সা"সাম্পন্ন কভৌর ঈবিy� লাযা� অ'�না করভৌ� সামথা� �ভৌয়বি&লা ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র। যে�সা�মবিরক প্রশ�সানা পবির!�লানা� কর� বি�ভৌশL কভৌর ম"বি5ভৌযা�দ্ধ�ভৌ�র সা�গঠি� কভৌর ��ভৌ�র 'না. যাথা�ভৌযা�গ. প্রবিশ%র্ণ প্র��না এ�� অস্ত্র ও যেগ�লা���রম্ন� যে'�গ�ড়া কর� �"বিনায়��.�প� ক@ টানৈনাবি�ক কম� পবির!�লানা�র ম�ধা.ভৌম বি�বি�ন্ন যে�শ ও সারক�ভৌরর সামথা�না আ��ভৌয় স্বা�থা�ক �ওয়� এ�� এমবিনা একটা� বি�রূপ পবিরবিস্থাবি�ভৌ� ম"বি5ভৌযা�দ্ধ�ভৌ�র মভৌনা��লা �#ঢ় র�খ�র 'না. যাথা�ভৌযা�গ. কম�সা@বি! গ্রা�র্ণ কর�র ক�'টা� বিকন্তু খ"�ই যেযা�গ.��, �%�� ও সা��বিসাক��র সাভৌZ সা"সাম্পন্ন করভৌ� সামথা� �ভৌয়বি&লা ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�র। 

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Lড়াযা* ও !E�ন্ত অ�.��� বি&ভৌলা� এ�� এ Lড়াযা*ক�র�ভৌ�র সা�ভৌথা বি�ভৌশL কভৌর যেম�শ��ভৌকর সা�ভৌথা  যেশখ মবিনার ঘবিনাষ্ঠা�� অভৌনাভৌকরই না'র এড়া�য়বিনা। এ প্রসাভৌZ ��ই ক�ম�লা যেলা���না� বিলাখভৌ&না, যেম�শ��ক আ�যা�'নাক ও অবি�শ্ব�সা.��ভৌ� গ�টা&�ড়া� যে�Wভৌধাবি&ভৌলানা যা"�ভৌনা�� যেশখ মবিনার সাভৌZ। মবিনা মভৌনা মভৌনা ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌমভৌ�র �Z�ন্ধু" র ক�ভৌ& গ্রা�নাভৌযা�গ.��য় 9" � বি&ভৌলানা এ�� আ�শ�গ���ভৌ� ��'বি�ভৌর�ধা� বি&ভৌলানা। ....শুধা" বিক ��ই, আগর�লা�য় আওয়�ম�র�ভৌগর যেস্পাশ�লা ক�উবি�লা যেIভৌক ��'উবিদ্দীভৌনার বি�রুভৌদ্ধ অনা�স্থা� প্রস্তা��ও উঠিভৌয়বি&ভৌলানা বিকন্তু যেক�না লা�� �য়বিনা।’  ( সা@ত্র: র�'না�বি� ম"বি5যা"দ্ধ স্বা�ধা�না ���লা� যে���র, ক�ম�লা যেলা���না�, প#ষ্ঠা�-১৪৬)যা�ই যে��ক, এমনা প্রবি�ক" লা পবিরভৌ�শ এ�� না�না� �W�ধা� প�র কভৌরই বি�বিনা যেযা�গ. ক�ন্ডা�র�র �g বিমক�য় বিনাভৌ'ভৌক যেমভৌলা ধাভৌরনা। অ�পর ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌম� ম�লা��, ��লা"রঘ�টা, বিশবিলাগুবিড়া, রূপসা� ও বিশলা!র �ভৌয় ক.�ভৌpনা মনাসা"র আবিলা, আ��"লা ম�ন্ন�না ও বৈসায়� না'রুলা ইসালা�মভৌক সাভৌZ কভৌর ১১ই এবিপ্রলা আগর�লা� যেপ��&�না এ�� আভৌগ যেথাভৌকই অভৌপ9�র� যেখ�ন্দাক�র যেম�শ��ক আ�ম� ও কভৌর্ণ�লা ওসাম�না�র সা�ভৌথা বিমবিলা� �না। অ�ভৌশভৌL যেসাখ�ভৌনা ��ঘ� বি��ক� যেশভৌL ��'উবিদ্দীনা ক�#� ক প্রস্তা�বি�� ম*�সা��র গঠনা ও আয়�না ���লা যেরভৌখই 9ম��র পবিরসাভৌর বিক&� পবির��� না সা�বিধা� �য়, যা� ১৭ এবিপ্রভৌলা যেঘ�বিL� স্বা�ধা�না�� আভৌ�শ যেঘ�Lর্ণ�ভৌ� প্রবি�ফবিলা� �য়। এবি�ভৌক ১০ এবিপ্রলা বিশবিলাগুবিড়াভৌ� থা�ক� অ�স্থা�য় '�বি�র উভৌদ্দীভৌশ. যে�ওয়� ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌমভৌ�র ��Lনা যেরকI� কর� �য় যা� র�� �শটা�য় প্র!�বির� �য় বিশবিলাগুবিড়া যেখভৌক। ১১  এবিপ্রলা এ ��Lর্ণটি আক�শ��র্ণ� ও স্বা�ধা�না ���লা� যে���র যেথাভৌক প্র!�বির� �য়। �ৎক�লা�না এ সা�কটাময় ম#�g ভৌ�� ���লা�র ম�না"ভৌLর ক�ভৌ& এ ��Lর্ণ একটি অনা��. আশ� আক��খ�র প্র��করূভৌপ পবিরগবির্ণ� �ভৌয়ভৌ&। যেসা ��Lভৌর্ণ বি�বিনা সা��ইভৌক স্বা�ধা�না ���লা�ভৌ�ভৌশর ��র ��ই ও যে��না �ভৌলা সাভৌম্ব�ধানা কভৌর গর্ণম�না"ভৌLর যেনা�� �Z�ন্ধু" যেশখ ম"বি'�"র র�ম�না ও ��র সারক�ভৌরর প9 যেথাভৌক সা�গ্রা�ম� অবি�নান্দানা '�না�না। এ ��Lভৌর্ণই বি�বিনা যেসাক্টর কম�ন্ডা�রভৌ�র না�ম ও ��ভৌ�র উপর যেযা যেযা অঞ্চভৌলার ��র যে�য়� �ভৌয়ভৌ& �� উভৌCখপ@��ক  বি�ক বিনাভৌ�শ�না�ম@লাক �5�. উপস্থা�পনা কভৌরনা। �ভৌ�, 'হুবিরর ম"5� যে!না�র মভৌ�� কভৌরই বি�বিনা বিনাবি�� �ভৌয়ই ��ই যেসাই ��Lভৌর্ণ �লাভৌ&না, আম�ভৌ�র যা"দ্ধ ��ঘ�স্থা�য়� �ভৌ� না� �ভৌলা আম�ভৌ�র বিস্থার বি�শ্ব�সা; ক�রর্ণ প্রবি�বি�নাই আম�ভৌ�র শবি5 �#বিদ্ধ প�ভৌb এ�� আম�ভৌ�র এ সা�গ্রা�ম প#বিথা��র স্বা�ক# বি� প�ভৌb। সা�ভৌশভৌL  ‘'য় ���লা�’, ‘'য় স্বা�ধা�না ���লা�ভৌ�শ’ �ভৌলা বি�বিনা ��র �5�. যেশL কভৌরনা।আমর� ম"বি'�নাগর সারক�ভৌরর শপথাগ্রা�না ম�ভৌনা ১৭  এবিপ্রলাভৌকই �"বিঝাঁ-এটা�ই স্বা���বি�ক। বিকন্তু ইবি���সাভৌর ��য় যেথাভৌক এটা�ও উভৌCখ করভৌলা ��ভৌলা� �য় যেযা, এ সারক�রটি ১৪ এবিপ্রলা ��বিরভৌখ !dয়�I�Z�ভৌ�ও শপথা বিনাভৌ� প�রভৌ��। বিকন্তু এ খ�রটি র�ষ্ট্র �ভৌয় যেগভৌলা প�বিকস্তা�না� যে��ম�রুবি�ম�না ১৩ এবিপ্রলা !dয়�I�Z�ভৌ� �#ষ্টির মভৌ�� যে��ম��L�র্ণ কভৌর। ফভৌলা !dয়�I�Z�ভৌক র�'ধা�না� যেঘ�Lর্ণ� কভৌর যেযা শপথাগ্রা�র্ণ �ওয়�র কথা� বি&ভৌলা� �� !gড়া�ন্ত��ভৌ� ��বি�লা �ভৌয় যা�য়। ��ই ১৪ এবিপ্রলাভৌক যেপ&ভৌনা যেঠভৌলা বি�ভৌয় ১৭ এবিপ্রলা �#শ.পভৌটা ��বি'র �য়।পর��\ভৌ� অভৌনাক বি!ন্ত� কভৌর এ�� বিনার�প��র বি�Lয়টি ম�থা�য় যেরভৌখ ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌম� ক" ষ্টিয়� যে'লা�র যেমভৌ�রপ"র ম�ক" ম�র বৈ��.না�থা�লা�ভৌক স্বা�ধা�না ���লা�ভৌ�শ সারক�ভৌরর শপথা গ্রা�ভৌর্ণর 'না. !gড়া�ন্ত কভৌরনা �.�পক যেগ�পর্ণ�য়��র ম�ধা.ভৌম। ��ই যেখয়�লা করভৌলা যে�খভৌ�না যেযা, ১৭ এবিপ্রলা যে�শ�-বি�ভৌ�শ� সা����বি�কভৌ�র সা�ভৌথা বিনাভৌয় কলাক��� যেথাভৌক ১০০ গ�ড়া� রওনা� �ভৌb  ২০০ বিকবিম �"ভৌরর যেমভৌ�রপ"ভৌরর প�ভৌনা যে��র ৫ টা�র বি�ভৌক �খনা পযা�ন্ত কভৌয়ক'না &�ড়া� যেকউই '�নাভৌ�� না� যেযা, ��ভৌ�রভৌক যেক�থা�য় বিনাভৌয় যা�ওয়� �ভৌb। এমনা যেগ�পনা�য়��র ম�ভৌঝাঁই সাক�লা সাক�লা ১১টা�য় ���লা�ভৌ�শ সারক�ভৌরর মবি*সা��র বি�আইবিপর� যেসাখ�ভৌনা যেপ��&�না। যেমভৌ�রপ"ভৌরর ম�ক" ম� প্রশ�সাক �ওবিফক এলা��� যে!�ধা"র� এ�� এসাবিপ ম���"ভৌ�র যেনা�# ভৌত্ব বৈ��.না�থা �লা�র আম্রক�নাভৌনা যে&�ট্ট একটা� মঞ্চ সা�'�ভৌনা�, যে&�টা �"টি ক�ভৌপ�টা বি�&�ভৌনা� এ�� যে����রুর কবি!প���র যে��রর্ণ বিনাম��র্ণ ক�যা�Eম �খভৌনা� !লাবি&লা। যে��রভৌর্ণর �"প�ভৌশ �Z�ন্ধু" র �ড়া �ড়া &বি� যেঝাঁ�লা�ভৌনা� �য়।প@�� বিনাধা��বির� সা@!� অনা"যা�য়� যেক�র�না যে�লা�ওয়�ভৌ�র ম�ধা.ভৌম ম@লা অনা"ষ্ঠা�না শুরু �য়। যেযা ম�ওলা�না�ভৌক যেক�র�না যে�লা�ওয়�ভৌ�র 'না. আভৌগ যেথাভৌক ঠিক কভৌর র�খ� �ভৌয়বি&ভৌলা� যেসা অনা"পবিস্থা� থা�ক�য় যেসাখ�ভৌনা উপবিস্থা� যেমভৌ�রপ"ভৌরর কভৌলাভৌ'র প্রথাম �ভৌL�র &�ত্র মভৌ�শ নাগভৌরর ��ভৌকর আলা�ভৌক বি�ভৌয় যে�লা�ওয়�� কর�ভৌনা� �য়। পভৌর প�বিকস্থা�নাপবিন্থার� না�বিক এ যে&ভৌলাটিভৌক যে�Wভৌধা গ�ভৌয় গুড়া ম�বিখভৌয় বিপWপড়া�র ��সা� শর�ভৌর যেঢাভৌলা যে�য়। ( সা@ত্র: ম"বি'�নাগর ওভৌয়�সা�ইটা)যা�ই যে��ক, এ অনা"ষ্ঠা�ভৌনার স্থা�য়�ত্বক�লা বি&ভৌলা� ম�ত্র ৪৫ বিমবিনাটা। টা�Z�ইভৌলার এমএনাএ আব্দু"লা ম�ন্ন�ভৌনার পবির!�লানা�য় বি!প হুইফ অধা.�পক ইউসা"ফ আলা� গর্ণপবিরLভৌ�র পভৌ9 গর্ণপ্র'��*� ���লা�ভৌ�ভৌশর স্বা�ধা�না��র যেঘ�Lর্ণ�পত্র প�ঠ কভৌরনা। �Z�ন্ধু" ভৌক র�ষ্ট্রপবি� যেঘ�Lর্ণ� কভৌর এ�� ��র অ��� ম�ভৌনা বৈসায়� না'রুলা ইসালা�মভৌক র�ষ্ট্রপবি�র ��বিয়ত্ব��র অপ�র্ণ এ�� ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌম�ভৌক প্রধা�নাম*� যেঘ�Lর্ণ� কভৌর গর্ণপ্র'��*� ���লা�ভৌ�শ সারক�ভৌরর মবি*পবিরLভৌ�র অনা.�না. সা�সা.�#ভৌন্দার না�ম যেঘ�বিL� �য় এ�� ��র� শপথা যেনানা। অ�পর ��'উবিদ্দীনা আ�ভৌম� গনাপ্র'��*� ���লা�ভৌ�শ সারক�ভৌরর পভৌ9 ��Lর্ণ প্র��না কভৌরনা। যেসা �5ভৌ�. আম�ভৌ�র স্বা�ধা�না��

সা�গ্রা�ভৌম বি�শ্ব��সা�র �#ষ্টি আকL�র্ণ কভৌর ��ভৌ�র সামথা�না ক�মনা� কভৌর এ �ভৌলা �5�. যেশL কভৌরনা, বি�শ্ব��সা�র ক�ভৌ& আমর� আম�ভৌ�র �5�. যেপশ করলা�ম, বি�ভৌশ্বর আর যেক�না '�বি� আম�ভৌ�র যে!ভৌয় স্বা�ক# বি�র যে�বিম ��বি���র �ভৌ� প�ভৌর না�। যেকনানা�, আর যেক�না '�বি� আম�ভৌ�র যে!ভৌয় কভৌঠ�র�ম সা�গ্রা�ম কভৌরবিনা, অবিধাক�র �.�গ স্বা�কবির কভৌরবিনা। 'য়���লা�।১৭ এবিপ্রভৌলাই ��.না�থা�লা�র না�ম পবির��� না কভৌর র�খ� �য় ম"বি'�নাগর। ২৩ যেশ '"না, ১৭৫৭ সা�ভৌলা পলা�শ�র আম্রক�নাভৌনা যেযা ���লা�র স্বা�ধা�না�� সা@যা� অস্তাবিম� �ভৌয়বি&ভৌলা� ��ই আ��র উবি�� �ভৌলা� পলা�শ� �ভৌ� ৭০ বিকবিম �"ভৌর ১৭ এবিপ্রলা যেমভৌ�রপ"ভৌরর ম"বি'�নাগভৌর স্বা�ধা�না ���লা�ভৌ�ভৌশর প্রথাম সারক�র গঠভৌনার মধা. বি�ভৌয়। ���লা�র ইবি���ভৌসা ��ই এবি�নাটি বি!রস্মরর্ণ�য় �ভৌয় থা�কভৌ� যা�বি�না ���লা�ভৌ�শ থা�কভৌ�, ���লা�র ইবি���সা থা�কভৌ�। ক�রর্ণ, আম�ভৌ�র স্বা�ধা�না��, ম"বি5যা"দ্ধ, স্বা�বিধাক�ভৌরর সা�ভৌথা এ বি�নাটি ওৎপ্রভৌ����ভৌ� 'বিড়াভৌয় আভৌ&। 

যেলাখক : সা�ক�র� অধা.�পক, এনা�ম যেমবিIভৌকলা কভৌলা'