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IL ITCE CRAB ORCHARD PI RICI MAY-AUGUST 1956

GRAB CRCHARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

REFUGE STAFF

E. E. CRAWFORD PROTECT MANAGER

H. E. STILES REFUGE MANAGER

R. Y. JONES PROTECT ENGINEER

G. H. HUNTER ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

A. 0. MANKE SOIL CONSERVATIONIST

L. B. SHEFFIELD PARK RANGER

(VACANT) JR. REFUGE MANAGER

8 EMPLOYEES ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF

J . J . PICKAR FOREMAN, MIXED GANG

U EMPLOYEES CRAFTS, TRADES AND LABOR

W. E. ELLIOTT FOREMAN, REFUGE SHOP

7 EMPLOYEES OPERATORS AND MECHANICS

A. BOLES FOREMAN, WATER AND SEWER

4 EMPLOYEES WATER AND SEWER

E. HUNTER FOREMAN, HEAT AND STEAM

5 EMPLOYEES HEAT AND STEAM

G. MELTON FOREMAN, PROTECTION AND SECURITY

9 EMPLOYEES PROTECTION AND SECURITY

TABLE OF GQNTEI'ITS

I. GENERAL Weather Conditions 1. Water Conditions 1. Industrial & Municipal Water Use 2. Fires 2, Fire & Security Activities 2.

I I . WILDLIFE Migratory Birds 3.

Populations & Behavior 3. Other Waterbirds 3.

Food & Cover 4., Upland Game Birds 4«

Population & Behavior 4, Food & Cover • 4..

Big Game Animals 5, Food & Cover 5. Pur Animals, Predators, Rodents & Other Mammals. . 5. Predaceous Birds 6. Fish 6.

I I I . REFUGE DEVELOPMENT & MAINTENANCE 6. General Wi ld l i fe & Biological Development • • . • 6. Recreational Development & Maintenance 7. S o i l & Moisture Conservation 7. Construction & Maintenance 8. Plantings 9. Cultivated Crops 10.

IV. ECONOMIC USE OF REFUGE Grazing 11. Haying I I . Timber 12. Industrial 12. Other Uses L4.

V. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLIED RESEARCH Ornithology 14-. Banding 15 • Chestnut Scion Grafts 15. Short Com & Wide-Row-Com Experiments 16.

TABLE CF GQHTEHTS - (Gont !d.)

Page

VI. PUBLIC RELATIONS Recreational Use 16. Refuge Visitors 17. Refuge Participation 18, Hunting 19. Fishing 19. Violations 20.

V I I . OTHER ITEMii Photographs 20. Odds & Ends 20. Personnel 21.

NR Forms APPENDED

I . GENERAL

Weather Conditions

A welcome r e l i e f from 4. consecutive "tropical summers'1 was provided by the weather of this period. Both temperature and humidity were more characteristic of the more comfortable climes north of the 40th p a r a l l e l . Generous rains almost ideally spaced throughout June, July and August have made this a growing season to be remembered. The present bountiful appearance of a l l refuge crops and the lush green of pastures and early f a l l grain seedings are testimony to the c r i t i c a l importance of r a i n f a l l and temperature - certainly a contrast to the parched landscape of the 4. previous years.

Table I below gives a summary of weather statistics for the period as collected by the o f f i c i a l U. S. Weather Station, Marion Veterans Hospital, Marion, I l l i n o i s :

Table No. I - Weather Statistics for Report Period

Month Precipitation 1955 1956

Temperatures Minimum - Maximum

May 4.A3 - 3.90 40 90 June 3 . U - 2.98 43 95 July 2.80 - 6.09 58 97 August 0.63 - 2.60 50 99

Totals 11.00 - 15.57 Extremes 40 99

Water Conditions

The evenly distributed r a i n f a l l during the period permitted l i t t l e fluctuation of water levels in Crab Orchard Lake. The maximum difference being from 2.4. inches over spillway on May 10 to 5.28 inches below spillway on July 19. At the end of the period. Crab Orchard Lake stood at 3 inches below spillway level.

L i t t l e Grassy Lake, s t i l l recovering from last year's drawdown, was 34 inches below spillway on May 1. With very slight fluctuation since, i t now stands s t i l l 30 inches short of spillway level. Only minor complaints were registered by the grcup camps and the L i t t l e Grassy concessionaire because of the lowered water level. With season's end the camps appear to have enjoyed a successful summer despite dry beaches and the concessionair's business appeared not to suffer to any extent.

No mechanical drawdown of either lake is contemplated for this year.

Industrial and I to ic ipa l Water Use

Other than minor maintenance, as necessary, nothing has been accomplished this report period to correct the inadequacies of our water and sewage treatment plants and systems. Thus, we are s t i l l limping along meeting the normal requirement but certainly unprepared for an emergency. It i s our intent to correct a number of our short comings i n this department during the coming months. Water and sewage handlings are shown in Table No. I I ,

Table No, I I - Water and Sewage Handlings of Treated Water and Sewage at Refuge Operated P lan ts .

Month May - August 1956 May - August 1956

Month G a l . Treated Sewage Wntft-r

G a l . Treated Sewage Wstfi-r

May June J u l y August

18,545,000 3,437,000 18,596,000 4,104,000 18,882,000 5,368,000 22,275,000 3,556,000

16,827.000 3,311,000 15,720,000 6,334,000 13,521,000 7,389,000 17,201,000 6,711,000

To ta l 78,298,000 16,465,000 63,269,000 23,745,000

With our climate behaving more nearly normal rather than that experienced the past several years, the municipal demands upon our refuge waters have been much l e s s , M i n i c i p a l pumpings are shoT/n i n Table No. I l l ,

Table No. I I I - Raw Water Pumped from Grab Orchard Lake bv M u n i c i p a l i t i e s . May - August 195^

Gallons Pumped May - August 1956

Gallons Pumped

Herrin Marion C a r t e r v i l l e Carbondale

28,832,400 120,000,000*

15,408,100 120,000,000

T o ^ f t l I48 f852.400 135,406,100 * Based on average monthly use of 30,000,000.

Carbondale metered pumpings Aug. 1, 1955 to July 31, 1956 -279,637,000.

Fires

None this period, thanks mainly to weather. At this writing the f i e l d f i r e danger rating i s extremely low - an unusual condition for this date.

Fire and Security Activities

I'Aich improvement has been noted in our Fire and Security Department, Members of the department have shown a pride in their duties.

equipment and the general maintenance and upkeep of the departments f a c i l i t i e s .

Using the swing guard the early recreational patrol, during May and June, was facilitated in appraising the public in the wise use of recreational opportunities.

A much delayed f i r e school training program was instituted this period and carried to completion. Under the very able instructional guidance of Fire Captain Melton and assisted by Fire Fighter Emery, two six-man volunteer (in name only) refuge crews and two four-man crews from Universal Match Company, were taken by crews through a ten hour schooling. As a follow up on the schooling the trained hands are being kept on their operative toes by an unannounced competitive f i r e action d r i l l once a month. It is hoped that we can enlarge the scope of this program to train more volunteers and give schooling i n not only industrial f i r e fighting but in f i e l d grass and woods f i r e fighting techniques.

I I . WILDLIFE

Migratory Birds - (See Forms NR-1 and NR-1 A)

Populations and Behavior - Since Crab Orchard is primarily a wintering refuge for waterfowl, very l i t t l e opportunity for observation is afforded during this period. No significant change in this category over previous years is apparent.

Canada Goose - As reported in the previous narrative, remnants of the old decoy flock were successful in establishing 10 nests on islands within Crab Orchard Lake. About 4-0 young, produced from these nesting efforts, have been observed during the period. We continue to be amazed by the secretiveness of these resident birds during the summer months. During this time of year, they are seldom seen and less seldom heard, though with the return of their kin from the North, come October, they w i l l be up to their usual noisy, wide ranging activity.

Wood Duck - Production of this species on the refuge showed l i t t l e change over last year. More nesting activity was noted along wooded tributaries than was noted along the wooded shoreline of the lakes. This was probably due to more stable v/ater conditions in the creek than usual. Evening and overnight use of farm ponds by wood ducks during late summer was noted again this year.

Other Waterbirds

Populations and Behavior. Fewer birds in this category were observed using the refuge lakes during this period. Ponds and lowland areas outside the refuge retained standing water throughout the

Page U

> period, thus serving to spread waterbird habitat. Ajnerican egrets, great blue herons and immature l i t t l e blue herons were the most frequently observed species this period.

Doves. Mourning doves populations appear to be up slightly over last year. Refuge Aid, Lee Bush, made coo counts over measured courses in cooperation with Biologist Peters of Region IV". Somewhat fewer dove calls were recorded, but more doves were sighted than in 1955• The low percentage of nesting success, especially early nesting, was surprising to those who assisted in the nest banding program. We are wondering i f this i s typical, since U. S. Game Management Agent, Wes Newcomb, reports he encountered similar conditions in nest banding work in Missouri.

Food and Cover

An inspection of the refuge crops and pastures at the end of the period leads us to be very optimistic about the waterfowl food supply. Yields of corn and soybeans should be the best in the history of the refuge. Early plantings of rye, winter barley, winter oats and vetch have been favored by rains and moderate temperatures. Pastures and hayfields are in excellent shape for goose forage. Refuge plantings of milo maize, buckwheat, atlas sorgo and proso millet a l l appear in good shape. Luxuriant stands of volunteer wild millet and smartweed, in every f i e l d depression, should also supplement tame crops.

Aquatics - Several species of Potamageton, Scirpus, Sagittaria and Eleocharis are becoming rather well established in farm ponds and in some bays of Crab Orchard Lake. Four farm ponds visited toward the end of the period show Ranunculus sp. to be the principal aquatic plant present. The increase of aquatic plants on the refuge in recent years is encouraging, but they s t i l l play a minor role in our overall waterfowl food supply.

Upland Game Birds

Populations and Behavior - Numerous observations of breeding pairs and broods indicate a high bob-white quail population again this year. Broods numbering 18 or 20 birds have been sighted, however, most broods number about 10. A l l indications are that an ample quail population exists on the f i e l d t r i a l areas to provide plenty of "finds 1 1 for those dogs capable of making them.

Occasional observations of Chinese ringneck pheasants were made throughout the period - a l l adult birds l e f t over from f i e l d t r i a l s of the previous season.

Food and Cover

Both food and cover seem ideal for the welfare of bob-white .guail* The interspersion of cover types created by farming refuge lands along SOS s o i l capability standards appear to suit quail requirements to a 'T1 .

Big Game Animals

Qir sole big game representative, the white-tailed deer continues to thrive on a l l upland areas of the refuge, A conservative estimate would place our herd near 800 animals. The discovery of deer antlers by our farm permittees i s not uncommon. One discovery was made by a haying permittee when the right side of a 10 pointer became fouled up in his sickle-bar mower. He seemed glad to make the minor repairs to the mower in exchange for the "trophy" antler.

When the extension of State Highway 148 through the refuge is completed, we expect deer crossing signs w i l l have to be erected to protect both deer and motorist.

The State game warden for this locality reported to us on August 27, that a squirrel hunter (whom he had never known to take a drink) told him of sighting a black bear in the Devils Kitchen Area of the refuge. We shall withhold claiming black bear as a refuge resident u n t i l more confirming evidence is presented.

Food and Cover

For the present herd, food and cover for white-tailed deer are abundant. With the completion of Devils Kitchen Dam, and the private cottage development to follow, and the expansion of Olin-Mathieson Plant; the refuge deer range i s going to diminish rapidly. Our food and cover problem may not then be so l i g h t l y taken.

Fur Animals, Predators, Rodents and Other Mammals,

Fox and Gray Squirrel - Refuge populations of these species were deemed adequate to recommend a 6-day controlled squirrel hunt on most of the "closed area" this year. The hunt w i l l follow along patterns established in past hunts, A harvest of 500 squirrels i s sought.

Considerable damage to corn, by squirrels, especially those fields adjacent to woodlands, was noted this period.

Cottontail Rabbit - Some increase in population noted for this species, although the beagle t r i a l people complain they are not finding enough for good running,

fAiskrat - L i t t l e change in muskrat populations i s apparent. This species should be favored this year by l i t t l e fluctuation of lake waters and the stable water condition of upland ponds. A survey of a l l farm ponds to be made this f a l l w i l l determine the desirability of perhaps allowing one permittee to remove muskrat from these areas.

Mink - The few observations and evidence reported of this valuable fur bearer have been too spotty to determine any population change. We suspect they occur in about the same scant numbers as in the past 5 years

Red and Gray Fox - From the fox hunters, we hear the complaint that the local fox population is on the decrease. The rabbit hunters and beagle t r i a l e r s maintain both the reds and grays are increasing to the point of eliminating a l l the cottontails. Observations of refuge personnel indicate l i t t l e change in fox population, with perhaps a few more gray fox seen than reds.

Skunk - This nocturnal "beetle-browser" is definitely increasing on the refuge. Several have fallen victim to haying operations on the refuge this period, and s t i l l more have been run down on refuge highways.

Racoon - Seem to be slowly coming back from the mass die-off of two years ago. Racoon, l i k e squirrel, are causing considerable depredation to refuge corn f i e l d s .

Woodchuck - This eastern marmot, normally looked upon with favor by wi l d l i f e management, i s becoming a real problem on the refuge. Rather extensive damage to refuge soybean fields was suffered by "woodies" appetite for legumes this period. Gyamide gas bombs were used to effect control on the most seriously depredated areas and in dens in the Grab Orchard Lake dam.

Opossum - No apparent change in population this period, and no particular problems created by their presence.

Predaceous Birds - (See Form NR -IA)

Grows complete the round-the-clock depredation on refuge corn fields by taking over where racoons and squirrels leave off, although crow populations on the refuge appear below that of former years. Red-tailed hawks t sparrow hawks. and turkey vultures were the most common resident raptors throughout the period.

Fish

Random creel censuses during the period show white crappie. northern yellow bullhead, carp, and striped bass to make up the greater percentage of the "biting" population. Largemouth bass, our chief game f i s h , i s apparently too well supplied with food in the way of gizzard shad to take to a r t i f i c i a l baits as few catches were recorded.

I I I . REFUGE DEVELOPivENT AND MAINTENANCE

General Wildlife and Biological Development

- Located nests and banded 20 mourning dove nestlings. - Brushed 13% miles of primary f i r e t r a i l s , - Patrol-bladed 12 miles of primary f i r e t r a i l s and 12 miles of

secondary roads in Areas I and I I - Posted 33 miles of refuge boundary with metal signs and metal

posts.

•> - Made mourning dove coo-counts in cooperation with Biologist

Peters, Region TV. - Hauled 1000 pine posts from plantation to Area IV. - Located and bulldozed sanitary land f i l l area for L i t t l e Grassy Group Gamp.

- Mowed 8 miles of primary f i r e t r a i l s . - Control sprayed 40.8 acres of American Lotus with 2,4-D in

diesel o i l . - Control sprayed Crab Orchard Dam, Wolf Creek Road causeway and

20 miles of f i r e t r a i l s with 2,4,5-T for eradication of woody growth.

- Assisted Fisheries Biologist Handwork in f i s h sampling studies (2 days).

- Combine harvested 9 acres of rye. - Cleaned 200 bushels of rye seed.

Recreational Development and Maintenance

- Installed metal guard r a i l at Spillway parking l o t . - Hardsurfaced Spillway parking l o t . - Approxiniately 3 miles of recreational roads improved with o i l

and chips by contract. - Completed installation of motors, controls and equipment in 2

rescue boats. - Completed replacement of dressing room wings at bathhouse. - Hung 7 informational signs in picnic areas. - Distributed about 7,500 refuge informational leaflets. - Mowed a l l recreational areas twice - 91 man days. - Cleanup and maintenance of picnic and camping areas - 88 man

days. - Hauled firewood to recreational areas - 21 man days. - Road repairs i n recreational areas - 14 man days. - Maintained public t o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s on 10 recreational areas. - Performed patrol of recreational areas by water and land - 16

man days.

S o i l and Moisture Conservation

- Constructed 1.25 miles fence. - Cleared, disk plowed, and Rome disked 19 acres cropland pre

paratory to release to cooperator. - Prepared seed bed and interseeded 25 acres wide spaced (80u)

experimental corn plantings. - Prepared seed bed and seeded 100 acres of cropland to cover and

green manure crops. - Harvested and cleared 112 bushels rye for seed. - Removed 0.5 miles fence (old goose pen area) f i l l e d 7 wells,

cleared brush and trees from 18 acres in pasture renovation. - Experimental plantings of 50 acres of "short" corn with aid of

cooperator. - Helped in miles boundary posting. - Prepared legal descriptions of 1350 acres corn for A.S.C. Office.

Located contour guide lines on 75 acres. - Prepared Quarterly and Annual S & M Reports.

Construction and Maintenance

Bfenagement wise, we can't help but shake our heads once in a while and wonder i f we are ever going to get the necessary rehabilitation of our physical plant in order. Too often we are finding ourselves spread too thin, manpower wise, to give the needed attention to the job l e f t behind, the one we are working on, and the one ahead. A l l hands are going to have to cooperate f u l l y , give a l i t t l e extra push, and have a l i t t l e f a ith to get us in our Central Shop by cold weather. Activit i e s , accomplishments and/or partial accomplishments during the period as related to u t i l i t y , buildings and grounds maintenance were as follows:

Boiler House

- Our active boiler house at Sangamo Electric received a costly, labor wise, rehabilitation. Both boilers were down singly and complete repairs made to interiors and exteriors. Boilers turbined, tubes rolled, liners replaced, coal feeders rebuilt, line valves replaced, building ventilators made operative, interior completely washed down and coal handling f a c i l i t i e s completely altered and changed for better handling of coal. A dirty, nasty, hazardous job was th i s . Barring unforeseen breakdowns. Boiler Foreman, Hunter, feels this f a c i l i t y i s in better shape than i t has been for the past 10 years.

Buildings and Grounds

- Constructed a new boat shelter for rescue boat at Crab Orchard Play Port concession dock.

- Brushed, reditched, bladed to grade, surface rocked and rolled, in preparation for road o i l contract, ife miles of primary road in Area I I . Followed up with completed road o i l contract.

- Complete interior renovation of Quarters #2, included donated labor on own time by tennant Manke.

- Serviced a l l window and door screening on quarters. - Under contract installed 10 residential furnaces, necessitated

force account work of 3 floor drain jobs, laying brick furnace pads, replacement of steps in 3 basements and coal bins in 2 basements.

- Two complete mowings of administrative grounds and primary road shoulders failed to give us a continuous neat ground appearance.

- Completely rebuilt porch on Quarters #4 and septic tank system. - Replaced 23 door sections in doors in Area 7 buildings for lease. - Installed 4 culverts to f i e l d entrances along Wolf Creek road

and surfaced with cinders. - Salvaged and reconditioned 4 overhead type doors for installa

tion in new shop building. - Repaired septic line at Quarters #6.

Inspected and repaired f i r e hydrants i n Areas I, I I , IV, and V. - Painted interior of Staff House #6. - Maintained railroad crossings and patched hard surfaced roads

(10 man-days).

Equipment

- A very heavy operating schedule accompanied by an adequate preventive maintenance program has seen the major portion of our equipment in as constant use as available operating personnel would allow. This intensive schedule i s , of course, piling up some necessary maintenance for a later date.

- One breakdown of the D-7 necessitated bringing i t in for clutch repairs.

- Through much cooperative diligence of the men in the shop, some of our automotive equipment i s kept limping along.

- Transfer of Model 12 motor grader was made to Swan Lake Refuge. - Temporary loan of Reo Dump Truck to Chautauqua. - New equipment received included an Industrial John Deere w/front

end loader and backhoe (this l i t t l e gem gave us a f i t for a while when we pretty nearly lost a real wheel due to poor factory assembly that failed to insert a sleeve spacer and lock ring for bearihg), and a grassland d r i l l that came knocked down in a " j i l l i o n " parts.

Railroad

- Brushed 3/4- miles of railroad siding to give r a i l service to new tennant Olin-Mathieson.

- Replaced 14 ties on Olin service spur. - Rebuilt 4 railroad switch points. - Handled a total of 529 car switches during report period, as compaired to 428 last report period.

Water and Sewer

- Repaired primary water line breaks in Area 12. - Mechanical pump failures at L i f t Station #1 were a continuing

nuisance. - Complete wash down of a l l L i f t Stations. - Installed larger water inlet and meter to Building S-2-5. - Dug out to check source of sewer line leaks in 5 locations. No mortar in t i l e joints. Major project as some of these lines 14 to 18 feet deep (see photos).

- Removed a l l chemicals from chemical building at Water Plant, washed down, washed down, brushed, t i l e walls duck pointed in preparation for complete interior wall painting.

Plantings

No plantings of aquatics, shrubs or tree stock made this period.

Oultivated Crops

This is one of the best crop years, i f not the best, in the history of Crab Orchard Refuge. Sufficient rain, well distributed throughout the growing season, i s the chief reason for the bright outlook. The refuge's f e r t i l i z a t i o n and crop rotation programs, however, are paying dividends and certainly contributing to the anticipated high yields. "Old timers 'minding1 back 40 and 50 years" have stated that "man and boy", they have never seen better crops in the fields that are now under the jurisdiction of the refuge. This i s "high tribute" considering that many of these old timers are "agin" the refuge. Another contributing factor was the early plantings accomplished by the cooperators. As stated in the previous narrative report, this i s a compliment to the cooperators and the refuge staff, who for years have "preached" early plantings on the refuge. Almost a l l corn and soybean fields w i l l be ready to be harvested ty the end of September. This i s important to the cooperators in that goose and f i e l d t r i a l damages w i l l be almost n i l ; and important to the refuge by greatly reducing disturbance of the waterfowl. Early harvesting of the soybeans w i l l also enable a greater amount of winter grains to be seeded.

Prospects of a good year obviously boosted the moral of the co-operators and good cooperator-refuge relations naturally followed. Several hundred acres have been readied for winter grains with some 100 acres already seeded to rye. In addition, seed beds have been prepared for about 75 acres in various pastures to be reseeded; and, of course, winter grains w i l l be seeded as companion crops to the pasture mixes.

One cooperator quit too late to reassign the unit. Consequently, refuge personnel have done more "farming" than usual. Refuge personnel have already t i l l e d and seeded 125 acres for green manure, cover crops, and goose forage; and are well along in the preparation of another 80 acres that w i l l be included in a renovated pasture. The 125 acres a l ready seeded include 5 acres of red clover, 5 acres of alsike clover, 10 acres of millet, 10 acres of atlas sorgo, 15 acres of dwarf milo maize, 25 acres of buckwheat, and 55 acres of rye and rye-vetch. Approximately 5 acres each of red clover, alsike clover, buckwheat, millet, and rye-vetch are Interseedlngs of the wide-spaced—part of the experimental "short corn" plot. The 80 acres of pasture w i l l also be seeded to rye as a companion crop to the pasture mix. Another "farming project" of the refuge yet to be started is the seeding of winter grains and grasses in hay fields and pastures with the recently acquired grassland d r i l l . Considering the good corn crop, the increased acreage of winter grains, bolstered by pasture renovations and the grassland d r i l l seedings. Crab Orchard Refuge should be ready, willing, and able to properly feed and care for the anticipated record number of waterfowl.

IV ECONOMIC USE OF REFUGE

Gracing -

Refuge pastures have more than kept pace with the cattle. Good growing conditions for the cultivated crops have also been conducive to good pastures. Pastures are s t i l l green and growing, which, for this time of year, i s a r a r i t y . Some of the pastures and hayfields have rather heavy infestations of Canadian t h i s t l e , and probably some control other than clipping w i l l have to be used next year.

A l l ponds have contained more than enough water for the stock, and the growth of "smart weeds" and pondweeds coupled with the fine condition of the pastures, w i l l make these areas highly attractive to both the ducks and geese. Several ponds need attention, particularly the overflow structures. Repairs and construction of new ponds w i l l be inaugurated this month. A different design for overflow structures, that eliminates the upright tube, w i l l be tried on at least one of the new ponds. This "different" design i s approved and now in use by the S o i l Conservation Service. It i s simply a tube through the dike with the upstream side extending about 1.5 feet beyond the dike. " F u l l -flow" through the tube i s attained by cutting the upstream opening at a 45° angle, with the "hood", or long side, on top.

Haying operations w i l l be completed by mid-September. Although only a few records have been reported, a l l indications are that hay yields are high. A l l cooperators and special haying permittees w i l l be acoanmodated. Of particular significance i s the fine promise of Kenland red clover i n Southern I l l i n o i s . One 30 acre f i e l d seeded last year withstood the drouth very well and produced a yield of about 2 tons of hay per acre this summer, and a good seed crop is now being harvested. This variety i s promising from many standpoints. It normally "lasts" from 4 to 6 years, appears to be deeper rooted than regular varieties and therefore withstands drouth better, and where-ever tried in the refuge good "catches" have resulted. The "lasting" quality and apparent hardiness have prompted plans to include Kenland red clover in our pasture seedings. The refuge's share of the seed from the 30 acres should be more than enough to seed the 160 acres of pasture now in the process of renovation. Hay was taken from several a l f a l f a fields established last year, but in general the yields were somewhat disappointing.

In order to help relieve the overloading of hay on the cooperators, permission has been granted to seed some of the permanent hay land to straight grass seedings. This was done in the belief that the grass seed crops may be of more value to the refuge and cooperators than the excess of hay. Several cooperators have indicated willingness to give-i t - a- whirl.

s

Timber-

No timber harvested this period.

Industrial-Lease rental of space continued to gain square foot wise, through

expanded use by established companies. Total gain August 31, over that of A p r i l 30, 1956, was 22,662 square feet. Eraplcyment by industrial lessee's totaled 1,805 as compared to 1,634 on April 30, 1956.

New Industries Established

No new industries were established this report period.

Activities of Established Industries

This has been a most active period for the administrative office, industrial wise, as several of the original leases and amendments thereto expired this period and negotiations were necessary to renew same.

Allen Industries - The local Herrin plant became quite excited in July and indicated some gross needs for space, but boiled down to an additional 10,250 for warehousing.

Gastellano Construction Co. - Another manufacturer of prefab housing located on the area. An indicated contract for 1,500 housing units by January has seen this small company expand rapidly, lie hope financial troubles w i l l not bother this new industry.

Diagranh-Bradley Industries. Inc. - This operation remains pretty much status quo. Lease negotiations for renewal of lease are bogged down over the old argument of need for sprinkler system to reduce insurance rates.

Dura-Crates. Inc. - Footage gain shown in Table No. VI is actually assumption under own name of old sublease from General Radiator. This operation is a good one but is too dependent upon the business volume of Norge (washer division).

East Side Lumber Company - Activity in the building trade necessitated this company increasing i t s warehouse f a c i l i t i e s .

Grinnell Sash and Door - The healthiness of the building trade is well reflected in the business volume of this small concern. There i s some talk of plant expansion by new construction of additions to their lease property.

Olin-Mathieson Chemical Corporation - With plant supervisory heads appointed and on the job things are starting to move on this lease. At present writing three prime contractors are i n i t i a t i n g plant construction that portends to change beyond recognition the old Load Line•II.

"Ta bTe ITo. IV - Industrial Leasing, Revenue & Employment

I I I D U S O T

Lease Footsie Monetary Return Jhroloyed 4~30~56

Bnployed 8-31-56 I I I D U S O T May June Ju ly Rent Wat.&Sew. Steam Switching Total

Jhroloyed 4~30~56

Bnployed 8-31-56

A l l e n Industries, Inc, 10,250 10.250 10,250 20,500 $ 871.26 $ 9 . ^ $ 880.70 4 Am. D i s t r i c t Teleg. Co. .1. • . M 5.00* 5.00 M M *

Aronson, Khute 1,550 1.550 1.550 1,550 77.52 77.52 1 Gastellano Const,Co # 10,250 10,250 10,250 10,250 580.84 $ 16.00 84.96 681.80 mmm 14 Diagraph-Rradley Inds, 71,1S6 71.186 71,186 71,186 4 544.12 273.00 47.20 4 864.32 95 95 Bura^C rat e s, Inc, 10,471 10.471 10,471 20.721 868.91 20.00 292.64 1 181.55 38 37 3,Side Lumberyard Co. 10,250 10.250 15.695 15.695 864.82 16,00 66.08 946.90 2 3 General Radiator Co. 35.B50 35.850 35.850 1 728.75 1 728.75 mm — Gen ' l Services Admin. 63.103 63.103 63,103 63,103 3 538.44 16.00 264.32 3 818.76 8 8 Gen ' l Telephone Co. ^715 ^715 H.715 ^.715 267.20 267.20 tmm

G r H Tiak-es Solvents, Inc. 25,8^6 25,846 25,846 25,846 1 463.12 16.00 4gl.44 l 960.56 4 3 G r i n n e l l Sash & Door Co, 33.511 33.511 33.511 33.511 1 832.56 31.21 679.68 2 5^3.^5 31 50 Hoosier-Cardinal Corp. 10.250 10.250 10,250 10.250 ^35.63 435.63 mtm mum

Kroger Company 21,500 21.500 21,500 21,500 1 211.68 16.00 481.44 1 709.12 7 5 L&R Construction Co. 1 > , i i t — » a 2.000 25.00 25.00 ,— 9 Marion Metal & Roofing 10.250 10.250 10,250 10.250 580.84 47.20 628.04 mm 8 Olin-Mathieson Co, 3,214 3.214 ^.598 4.598 996.84 20.00 188.80 1 205.64 — Pride of Egypt 4.224 4,224 4,224 4.224 281.60 337.11 618.71 15 17 Pyramid Ind, Finishes 4.556 4,556 4,556 M M 303.72 8.00 311.72 mm ——* R.K. Mfg. Co. 7,771 7.771 7.771 7.771 518.04 32.00

$ 9 653.1^ 550.04 27 28

Sangamo E l e c t r i c Co. 232,682 232,682 231,566 231.566 12 091.00 5 478.23 $ 9 653.1^ 27 222.37 1,048 1,018 Southern Homes, Inc. 82,520 82,520 82,520 82.520 4 240.13 24.00 641.92 4 906.05 28 32 Southern 111, Univers i ty »•« -

82,520 1.00* 599.52

641.92 600.52 66 99

Supreme Transfonner Corp,25, 25.464 25,464 25,^64 1 467,61 412.69 1 880,30 125 175 Triangle Const, Co, 20,500 20,500 20.500 20.500 1 025.00 1 025,00 mm mm

Universa l Match Co, 110.496 111,116 109,009 106.009 4 5 0 9 . l l 453.85 28.32 4 991.28 85 84 Charles Wood Corp, 18.082 18,082 18.082 18,082 1 024,64 42.25 9.44 1 076.33 30 15 Norge Company 41,000 41,000 4&.000 66,600 2 750.03 490.88 3 240.91 25 50 C.O.F.T. Club 32.00 32.00 mmm

C O , S.A. Club » *— 20.00 20.00 • M M M M

Carbondale Water —,— — 5 692,74* 5 692.74 mm — C a r t e r v i l l e Water | J * I M 1 I I II , 408,16 1408.16 mm —~< Herrin V/ater M n 111 r r , 1 , 1 • — « _ 100.00* 100.00 mmm mm

C l i n Cortractors mm* 16 Totals-May-Aug. 1955 869,^91 870,111 873.717 878, U l l $48 104,41 $14 064,76 $ 9 653.1^ $ 3 8I3.76 $75 636.07 1.805 T o t a l s - A p r i l 30, I956 855.749 $46 087,11 $ 8 924.64 $23 926.30 $ 3: 5183.68 $82 921.73

Total No, Total No

* Annual Charge

Unusual and incompatible operational requests w i l l be coming our way, such as a recent one for a rocket propellant test s5/be.

Pyramid Industrial Finishes Go. - Lack of adequate financing caused this concern to f a i l during the period, before they were even able to get off to a good start.

Sangamo Electric Company - Negotiations for releasing were completed at the f i e l d level. Several major changes in plant interior operating f a c i l i t i e s have been made. Such changes represent considerable in capital investment improvements to the Governments property.

Universal Ifetch Corporation - Business wise this company's activities are about normal. They have done much to improve the looks of their lease area. Two unfortunate explosions in their production line caused considerable company concern. Fortunately, there was no loss of l i f e .

Industrial Prospects and Contacts

There has been l i t t l e industrial interest during the report period, and those that have contacted us for f a c i l i t i e s could hardly be called 1 live nibbles 1 .

Lerner & Sloane Pants Company - Mr. Hughes of S.I.I, brought to our office a Messrs. Lemer and Judson, re possible use of our f a c i l i t i e s for a pant factory. No further interest shown.

Shawnee Craft Boat Company - A Mr. David Cox, owner of this small boat company, with present construction f a c i l i t i e s in Harrisburg, I l l i n o i s , contacted us and was shown space. Manufactures a moulded, plastic boat. Last word has i t that c i t y fathers of Harrisburg were encouraging him to stay in Harrisburg.

Mangelsdorf Bros. Seed Company - Mr. E. F. Mangelsdorf, J r . , on a courtesy v i s i t to our Conservationist Manke, re experimental corn plots, was impressed with our igloo storage for possible storage of certain seed crops. S t i l l expresses an interest but nothing firm.

Heat and Steam Production

As indicated earlier in this report, our active boiler house at Sangamo received major attention this period and received a f a i r l y complete rehabilitation.

Steam demands by Sangamo lessened with the summer weather, plus a two weeks plant vacation.

The administrative office worked up a pretty complete analysis of our steam production and costs, and amply justified a proposed increase in steam rates, to more closely recover operating costs.

Page H

Tabulated below are operating figures for our Boiler House #1, this report period:

Table No. V - Comparative Heat and Steam Production, Boiler House #1

B o i l e r No. & Type May - Aug. 1955 May - Aug. 1956

B o i l e r No. & Type Steam Prod. Fuel Used Steam Prod. Fuel Used

#1 Coal F i red #2 O i l F i red

10,355,000 1,526,000 12,530,000 97,031 gal

17,763,500 2,554,000 . 3,630,000 29,918 g a l .

To ta l Steam Produced 22,885,000 pounds 21,393,500 pounds

Other Uses

Following i s a tabulation of the Government's return from the Schwartz & Davis, Crab Orchard concession at 3% of the gross:.

TABLE NO. VI

F a c i l i t y May June J u l y Aug. Totals

Refreshments 24.90 48.66 54.34 36.65 164.55

Gas & O i l 17.37 36.09 43.44 34.10 131.00

Dock, Boat & Mtrs . 16.55 21.41 18.21 10.24 66.41

Storage 30.68 27.30 21.57 8.46 88.01

Merchandise 63.93 71.79 37.53 58.78 232.03

Boat Rides 1.85 3.06 5.36 5.10 15.37

Beach (Swim) 1.82 24.54 34.54 21.01 81.91

Parts & Labor .99 .95 2.84 1.65 6.43

Totals 1^8.09 233.80 217.83 17S99 785.71

V FIELD LWESTIGATIONS AND APPLIED RESEARCH

Ornithology

To arrive at some idea of the degree of u t i l i z a t i o n of refuge constructed farm ponds by waterfowl, shorebirds and other waterbirds, and as a numerical basis for comparison with future years, a farm pond u t i l i z a t i o n study was inaugurated this period. Fifteen ponds were visited on Friday of each week, between April 6 and June 1, by the Refuge Aid. The l i s t compiled on the following page summarized his observation.

Waterfowl No. observed using ponds during study

period Shorebirds

Page 15

No. observed using ponds dur-ing study period

Canada goose 11 K i l l d e e r 51

Mallard 7 Wilson 1 s snipe 48

Black duck 2 Upland plover 5

Green-wing t e a l 2 S o l i t a r y Sandpiper 12

Blue-wing t e a l 56 Spotted Sandpiper 12

Shoveller 8 Greater yellowlegs 12

Lesser scaup 15 Lessor yellowlegs 4

Bufflehead 20 Pectora l Sandpiper 5

Ruddy duck 2 Least Sandpiper 8

Totals 123 157

In addition, 35 green herons, 4 great blue herons. 8 pied billed grebes and 2 kingfishers were observed on the 15 ponds at sometime during the study period.

Other ornithological notes of interest this period include the ,location of a blue grosbeaks's nest on the refuge, thereby establishing i t as a breeding species on the refuge; and the notation of an unusually high bronzed grackle population, both breeding and migratory.

Banding

Only slight success was attained in our dove nest-banding program this period. A surprisingly large percentage of early nesting was unsuccessful, presumably due to unusually windy weather (several nests seemed to be l i t e r a l l y blown apart). Then, just when Refuge Aid, Lee Bush, seemed to be locating a sizable number of promising nests toward mid-June, he was put out of action by a month-long illness which greatly curtailed our nest-banding schedule. Consequently, only 20 mourning doves were banded at this station — about 80 below our goal of 100 set at the beginning of the period.

Chestnut Scion Grafts

Inspections this period indicate complete failure of a l l 10 of the native chestnut scion grafts made to Oriental chestnut stock in cooperation with Mr. J . D. D i l l e r of the Virginia Pine-Hardwood Research Center. Either our scion stock is of poor quality, or our grafting technique faulty, as this is the 2nd year in which we have encountered zero success.

Short Corn and Wide-Row-Com Ebcperlments

S o i l Conservationist, Manke, has diligently carried out rather extensive experiments with several varieties of "short growing", "low ear", "weak stalked" and "normal" com, using both conventional row and wide row spacing in an effort to solve the crop manipulation problem. Observations to date indicate some of these freaks may f i l l the b i l l . Comparative yields, farm-permittee acceptance and availa b i l i t y of seed, are some of the factors yet to be evaluated. These experiments w i l l be given f u l l coverage in a separate treatise or in the subsequent narrative.

VI PUBLIC RELATIONS

Recreational Use

Traffic counts furnished by the I l l i n o i s State Highway Department indicate that visitation to the Refuge is about 10% greater than last year.

Swimming this season has been tremendously popular especially at the Carterville Area, Lookout Point and the Spillway. Crab Orchard Beach had a 20% drop in patronage this season, and i t is estimated that the ratio of supervised swimming to the o f f i c i a l Beach swimming was about 18:1.

V/ater skiing has increased so that i t i s relatively common to see 15-20 skiiers on the water at any one time. This activity often become hazardous to swimmers and other boats.

Boats have increased in numbers and in quality, and motors of 25 h.p. plus are in the majority. This heavier usage i s reflected in the increase of gas and o i l sales (about 30%) at the Public Boat Dock concession. Recklessness continues to increase, but so far the accidents have not been to serious. Several boats have been flipped over by excess power, and a number of persons have been thrown out of boats on sharp tums. Two incidences of the operators themselves being thrown out resulted in wild boats - one ran around for about 45 minutes before i t was corralled.

Campers are coming in greater numbers, and new sites are being cleared by the more ambitious ones.

L i t t l e Grassy camps apparently had a successful season in spite of the water being about 3 feet low. F a c i l i t i e s at a l l L i t t l e Grassy camps are continually being improved.

The Park Ranger made the following apprehensions for violation of recreational regulations during the period:

Minor boating violations - 176 Reckless boating - 40 Improper parking - 61 Reckless driving - 11 Trespass - closed beach - 35 Use of fireworks 7 Exceeding camping limit 6 Indiscriminate use of firearms 2 Intoxication 8 General nuisance 6 Destruction of property- 5 Peddling 6 Stealing from cars 4 Disorderly conduct 1

Total - 368

Action taken on these apprehensions and not shown elsewhere in this narrative were as follows:

6 boats banned from lake 4 boys turned over to sheriff for petty thefts 1 party of drunks turned over to sheriff 1 general nuisance turned over to State Police 1 reckless driver turned over to sheriff

A l l others were verbally reprimanded or apprised of refuge regulations.

Vandalism noted during period was as follows:

4 trees chopped down at Campground 1 gate post and lock broken 2 posts pulled from ground 1 louver broken from septic t o i l e t window

broken bottles and paper strewn i n t o i l e t Beachhouse broken into and some candy stolen

In addition, 24 complaints from the public on irregularities by the public were received by the Park Ranger this period.

Refuge Visitors

A log of vi s i t o r s , with business of importance for the period follows.

D^te May 1956

Name Titl e

Frank Olsen -Rep., Liberty Powder Co. J . Clarke Poole - Olin-Mathieson Paul Dorris - G.S.A.

2 Bob Nethercott - (from Herrin, 111.) Russell Falstad - Mingo Refuge

Purpose of V i s i t

Re. Olin (Crawford) Re. Olin " Crawford

Crawford Timber ?%rat.(Manke)

Date Name Ti t l e Purpose of Visit

21 Paul Dorris Alva P. Baker

22 Ernest Wolfe Ike Brandon Marten Anderson

23 Marion Gastellano Jack Archer Ed. Mangelsdorf, Jr.

2^ Charles Wood S. E. Thorne

29 Link Perrlne S.E. Thorne

June I Arthur Swanson

Charles Wood Wayne P. Young

4. James Sands Julia Bruce Kirby Sniderwin Chris. Reed Charles Wood Ray Richardson

5 Arlie Ashby R. W. McElwee Jack Archer

6 Wi nton Walkup James Sands James Mansfield J. Clarke Poole

7 Steve Bujdoso Ray Ward

8. R. J, Brunner

II Dr. Edward Shea J. C. Rheuby J. Clarke Poole Ray Ward Jack Archer J. D. Boyt

G.S.A. G.S.A.

S.I.U. C.O.F.T. U.S. Forest Service

Courtesy (Crawford) Courtesy (Crawford)

Crawford Stiles Forestry (Stiles)

Gastellano Construction Co. Re lease (Crawford) FranklIn Asphalt Mangelsdorf Brothers

Wood Corporation Hoe Supply

Employment Service Hoe Supply

Olin Mathieson Wood Corporation Havana, 111.

111. Central Girl Scouts Marion Metal Co, Reed Heating Wood Corporation

Mi neweld Co. General Electric Frankl In Asphalt

i . C. Railroad i . C. Railroad Ohio Injector Co. Olin Mathieson

Grlnnel1 Sash & Door T. V. Weekly

Brunner Machines

S. I, U Olin Mathieson 01 In Mathieson T. V. Weekly FranklIn Asphalt Pride of Egypt

Re road contract (Jones) Prospective lease (Crawford

Re Account (Crawford) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re employment (Hunter) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re soi1 (Crawford) Re Account (Crawford) Delivery of fish —

Courtesy (Hunter) Re camp (Crawford Re lease (Crawford) Re contract (Hunter) Re account (Crawford) Re Olin Security (Crawford)

Re contract (Hunter) Re locomotive parts (Hunter) Re road contract (Hunter)

Re freight t r a f f i c (Crawford) Re freight t r a f f i c (Crawford) Re Purchase order (Jones) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re Account (Hunter) Re T. V. programs (Crawford)

Re sales (Hunter)

Re auto accident (Stiles) Re mainenance (Crawford Re maintenance (Crawford) Re T.V, programs (Crawford) Re contract (Hunter) Re Water account (Hunter)

12 Link Perrlne Employment Service Re employment (Crawford)

Date Name T i t l e Purpose of Visit

21 Paul Dorris Alva P. Baker

22 Ernest Wolfe Ike Brandon Marten Anderson

23 Marion Gastellano Jack Archer Ed. Mange lsdor f , J r .

24 Char les Wood S. E . Thorne

29 L ink P e r r l n e S . E . Thorne

June I Arthur Swanson

Charles Wood Wayne P. Young

4. James Sands Jul la Bruce Kirby Sniderwin Chris. Reed Charles Wood Ray Richardson

5 Arlie Ashby R. W. McElwee Jack Archer

b Winton Walkup James Sands James Mansfield J. Clarke Poole

7 Steve Bujdoso Ray Ward

8, R, J. Brunner

II Dr . Edward Shea J . C. Rheuby J . C la r ke Poo le Ray Ward Jack Archer J . D. Boyt

G.S.A. G.S.A.

S.I.U. C.O.F.T. U.S. Forest Service

Courtesy (Crawford) Courtesy (Crawford)

Crawford Stiles Forestry (Stiles)

Gastellano Construction Co. Re lease (Crawford) Franklin Asphalt Mangelsdorf Brothers

Wood Corporation Hoe Supply

Employment Service Hoe Supply

O l i n Mathieson Wood Corpo ra t i on Havana, 111.

111. Central Girl Scouts Marlon Metal Co. Reed Heating Wood Corporation

Mineweld Co, General Electric Frankl In Asphalt

I. C. Railroad I. C. Railroad Ohio Injector Co. Olin Mathieson

Grlnnel1 Sash & Door T. V. Weekly

Brunner Machines

S. I. U Olin Mathieson Olin Mathieson T. V. Weekly FranklIn Asphalt Pride of Egypt

Re road contract (Jones) Prospective lease (Crawford

Re Account (Crawford) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re employment (Hunter) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re sol 1 (Crawford) Re Account (Crawford) DelIvery of fish --

Courtesy (Hunter) Re camp (Crawford Re lease (Crawford) Re contract (Hunter) Re account (Crawford) Re Olin Security (Crawford)

Re contract (Hunter) Re locomotive parts (Hunter) Re road contract (Hunter)

Re freight t r a f f i c (Crawford) Re freight t r a f f i c (Crawford) Re Purchase order (Jones) Re shop plans (Jones)

Re Account (Hunter) Re T. V. programs (Crawford)

Re sales (Hunter)

Re auto accident (Stiles) Re mainenance (Crawford Re maintenance (Crawford) Re T.V. programs (Crawford) Re contract (Hunter) Re Water account (Hunter)

12 Link Perrlne Employment Service Re employment (Crawford)

Date Name T i t l e Pucppse of Visit

13

]k

15

18

19

20

21

2b

27

29

July

Mr. Lindsley Kenny Dodd Paul C. Marone

Arthur Swanson Winton Walkup

J, C. Rheuby

J. C. Rheuby John Wholwend Arthur Swanson

Marshall Stinnett

Marshall Stinnett Gerald Pospichal

John Lonegran Bob Cooksey

Messrs. Scott & Walker Messrs. Ross &Wll4lord

Paul Handwerk Julius Swayne Wendell Askew

Messrs. Cromeens and WiIford Ray Hubbs

Olin Mathieson Courtesy (Crawford) Sporting Goods & Amm Co. (Crawford) International Stapling Co. Prospective lease (Crawford)

Olin Mathieson I.C. Ra i1 road

Olin Mathieson

Olin Mathieson

Olin Mathieson

U.S.G.M.A.

U.S.G.M.A. U.S.G.M.A.

S.I.U. State Game Warden

Review catalogs (Crawford Freight Trafflce (Crawford)

REview catalogs (Crawford)

Re prints (Jones) Re leasing building (Crawford) Re house leases (Crawford)

To pick up GMA car.

Re law enforcement (Stiles) Re law enforcement (Stiles)

Re Camp lease ( Crawford) Re violations (Stiles & Sheffield)

Carterville Water Dept. Re Bi l l i n g account (Hunter) State Hghwy. Dept. Re Sneed Road (Crawford)

Game Fish 6- Hatcheries Work Program (Stiles) Re concession at L i t t l e Grassy. Re dynamiting foundations. 01 In Mathieson

State Hghwy Dept. Herrin Chamber

Re Sneed Road (Crawford & Stiles) Courtesy (Crawford)

2 J. Wohlwend Ford Construction Co State bids on hghwy,(Crawford) Art Swanson Olin Mathieson Re lease of houses (Crawford)

5 Cecil Barth Contractor Re shop building (Jones) Ray Richardson Re Olin security (Crawford) Tiber Bujdoso

) Gr1nnel1 Sash fi. Door Re building lease (Crawford)

Ray Hubbs ) In interest of Goffrey Hughes ) CatholIc Church Re Youth Camp (Crawford) Joe Coffman ) Msgnr, DeGasparl)

b. Ray Ward T. V. Weekly Re T. V. programs (Stiles) Arthur Rob ley C.O.E. St. Louis Re Devils Kitchen (Stiles Harry Arvelle C.O.E. St. Louis Re Devils Kitchen

7 Arthur Swanson 01 in Mathieson Re Springer Trials(Crawford) Lou Craig CIncinnatti, Ohio Re Springer Trails (Crawford)

Date Name

10 Robert Dougal1

11 Robert Dougal1 Herb Settle

12 Robert Dougal1 Mr, Hens ley

13 Raymond Newsom Ed. Aken Jack Archer J. C. Neeley Msgnr. De Caspari Ray Hubbs B i l l Orf Merle Jones

lb Claude Jackson Andrew Upton Marvin Pi 1 grim

17 Ray Piute Don Brown

19 Louis Dehmlow Jr. Eugene Lang Dalias Price Messrs. Ackermann and Loff

20 James McElroy

21 Wi11iam Bracy

2k J. H. Gault Grvi1le Bevele Ray Piute Ray Hubbs Clyde Brewster Marshall Stinnett

KSdei Rode 11 Ryan Karl Malzahn

2b Link Perrine Robert Waldrop

31 Ray Ward Jack Archer C. K. Gibbons

T i t l e

Regional Office

Regional Office Dvsn. Hghways

Regional Office Hoosier Cardinal

S . I . U . C . O . S . A . F r a n k l i n Aspha l t Ha r t f o rd Ins . Co, C a t h o l i c Church

Ozark Ai r L i nes Ozark A i r L ines S. C. S .

Norge Norge

Great Lakes Solvents Great Lakes Solvents S.I.U.

Purpose of Visit

Re inspection ( Crawford)

Re Inspection ( Crawford) Re Hghwy ]k8 (Crawford)

Re inspection ( Crawford) Re termination of I ease(Crawford)

Re water lines (Jones) Crawford)

Re road contract (Jones) Re boiler inspection (Crawford) Re Camp (Crawford)

Crawford) Air t r a f f i c (Crawford) Re Devils Kitchen (Crawford)

Re lease (Crawford Re lease (Crawford)

Courtesy (Crawford) Courtesy (Crawford) Re rain gages (Crawford

State Water Survey Re rain gages (Crawford)

Pyramid Ind, Finishes Re lease (Crawford)

Bracy Insurance Courtesy (Crawford)

L & R Construction Co. Re lease i;( Crawford) Triangle Cons, Co. Re leasing space (Crawford) Norge Re lease (Crawford) Herrin Chamber Commercd Courtesy (Crawford) Herrin Chamber Commerce Courtesy (Crawford) U.S.G.M.A.

Hi Yield Soil Service V.T.I.

Employment Service V. F. W.

T. V. Weekly FranklIn Asphalt C. I. P. S.

Courtesy (Stiles)

(Manke) Re housing (Hunter)

Re employment (Hunter) Re lease (Crawford

Re T. V. programs (Stiles) Re contract (Hunter) Re R.O.W. (Crawford)

Date Name

August 1 Kenneth Richey

Ray Richardson Karl Malzahn

3 Jack Archer

7 David Abbott

13 Carl Wall

\k C. K. Gibbons Carl Wall

15 R. W. McElwee Wm, Farley Stephen Bujdoso

ID Ralph Kenyon Karl Malzahn

17 Larry Teas

20 Larry Teas Charles Strauss Grvi1le Bevele

21 Arthur Swanson Wesley Newcomb Oren Drew

22 Lou Weber Oren Drew

27 Bob Cooksey

2e Silas Brown

29 Arthur Swanson R. T. Booker Jack Archer

T i t l e Purpose of Visit

Sangamo Electric Co. (Crawford) Re Security (Hunter)

V.T.I. (Hunter)

F r a n k l i n Aspha l t Re c o n t r a c t (Hunter)

Dept. Conserva t ion ( l11 ) Re D e v i l s K i t chen ( S t i l e s )

C . I . P . S . (Joaes)

C . I . P . S C . I . P . S .

(Jones) (Jones)

General Electric Co, Courtesy (Hunter) 111. Public Aid Comm, Re employment in area (Hunter) Grinnell Sash & Door Re lease (Hunter)

R, K. Mfg. Co. V.T.I.

State Hghwy Dept.

State Hghwy Dept.

Triangle Cons. Co.

Olin Mathieson U.S,G,M,A,

Re lease (Hunter) (Hunter)

Re R.O.W, (Jones)

Re R,0,W, (Jones) (Stiles)

Bridges on Rt, 148 (Stiles)

Re, residential lease (Hunter) Re residence (Hunter)

General Telephone Co. Topping Pines (Hunter)

111. Strip Miners Assn. (Stiles) General Telephone Co. Topping Pines (Stiles)

State Game Warden

Dept. Ag.

01in Mathieson Booker Associates Frankl in Asphalt

Re violators (Stiles)

Re allottments (Manke)(Stiles)

Re Olin prints (Stiles) Re contract (Stiles)

Refoge Participation

Members of the Crab Orchard Refuge staff attended the following meetings as representatives of the Service.

May 3 -Several staff members attended the monthly meeting of the Grab

Orchard Sportsmens Club. 5 -Manke and Stiles - completed r a i l fence project with Marion Sea

Scout Troop on refuge. 7 -Crawford guest speaker and showed refuge slides to Holy Name

Mens Club of liar Ion, 10 -Stiles attended monthly board of directors meeting of C.O.S.A. 15 -Crawford and Stiles met with W3I1-TV personnel, G. Eighes and

R. Ward to discuss T//. series at Harrisburg, I l l i n o i s 17 -Manke instructor at outdoor conservation school at S.I.U. L i t t l e

Grassy Lake Gamp for Carbondale grade children. -Stiles and Sheffield attended meeting of L i t t l e Grassy Camps Association.

-Crawford guest of Marion Rotary Club. -Hunter and Crawford attended Southern I l l i n o i s Labor Council meeting.

18 -Sheffield Instructor at outdoor conservation school at S.I.U. L i t t l e Grassy Lake Gamp for Garbondale grade children.

19 -Manke - conducted Herrin Boy Scout Troop on dove nest search in refuge.

21 -Stiles and Crawford attended Southern I l l i n o i s Personnel Management Club meeting at S.I.U. cafeteria.

23-25 -Stiles attended meeting of I l l i n o i s Technical Forester's Association at Havana, I l l i n o i s .

26 -Crawford had noon luncheon meeting re a TV weekly show "Visiting Southern I l l i n o i s " .

28 -Crawford and Sheffield attended monthly meeting of Southern I l l i n o i s Incorporated board of directors.

June 5 -Sheffield and Crawford attended an afternoon and evening Tourist

Industry Workshop meeting at S.I.U. Crawford headed a panel group on Federal and State participation.

7 -Stiles attended monthly meeting of C.O.S.A. 13 -Stiles tape recorded 15 minute program on Crab Orchard fishing

at Herrin Radio Station WJPF for broadcast June 15, 1956. 14 -Stiles and Crawford kicked off the f i r s t TV weekly series program

"Visiting Southern I l l i n o i s " over Harrisburg TV Station, WCIL. -Stiles attended monthly meeting of board of directors C.O.S.A. -Crawford attended Southern I l l i n o i s Personnel Management Club meeting at Norge Plant in Herrin.

15 -Stiles and Crawford met at noon luncheon meeting with TV program committee for a rehash and planning.

19 -S t i l e s , Sheffield and Crawford met with Regional Office personnel, G i l l e t t and Wright at Corps Engineers Office in St. Louis, re Devil's Kitchen problems.

>

21 -Stiles presented talk on area wil d l i f e to youth camp - Jewish Federation of Southern I l l i n o i s at Giant City State Park.

28 -Crawford met with District 9 State Highway staff for a f i n a l plan review meeting on State Route 148 to bisect Area I I of refuge.

July 3 -Crawford appeared as the Governments representative before the

I l l i n o i s Commerce Commission hearing on State Route 148 in Springfield.

12 - S t i l e s , with University High student. Dyke Howell, put on weekly TV show "Visiting Southern I l l i n o i s " .

13 -Stiles met for luncheon with TV-program planning committee. 18 -Stiles guest speaker at annual meeting of Egyptian Fire Fighters

Association at Metropolis, I l l i n o i s . 23 -Crawford attended monthly board of directors meeting of S.I.I. 26 -Sheffield and Stiles attended meeting of Egyptian law-enforcement

agencies at Marlon. 30 -Manke attended monthly meeting of Williamson County Soil Conserva

tion District Board, Marion.

iHIi 16 -Sheffield and Stiles presented 15 minute T.V. program on Refuge

recreation over Station WSIL-TV, Harrisburg. 18 -Jones, Hunter, Pickar, Manke, Gualdoni and Stiles attended I l l i n o i s

Central Railroad annual Fish Fry and Barbeque. 21 -Stiles attended prebidders conference on Devil's Kitchen Dam at

Corps of Engineers Office, St. Louis, Missouri. 27 -Jones, Stiles and Sheffield attended board meeting of S.I.I.

-Manke attended board meeting of Williamson County Soil Conservation D i s t r i c t .

Hunting

August 1 marked the opening of the 76 day squirrel season in the southern zone of I l l i n o i s . Short periods of cool, wet weather during the month provided several good hunting days and considerable hunting was noted on the public use area, with most hunters reporting f a i r success.

Fishing

The fishing in Grab Orchard Lake, following the trend of most impoundments, is continuing down-hill. Mid-summer fishing was probably the least productive of any previous year. Some good catches of large-mouth bass and crappie were made early in the period and then again late in the period, but success in general was far below that for similar periods in previous years. Fair catches of northern yellow bullhead (locally called catfish) were made throughout the period by night fishing with trot-lines.

L i t t l e Grassy Lake, though a better fishing Lake than Crab Orchard this summer, was s t i l l not up to i t s usual caliber. White and black crappie in the 1 to i j - pound class began biting during the last 10 days of August.

Violations

In response to the many complaints received on reckless boating on Grab Orchard Lake, the decision was made early in the period to crack down on "speed jockeys". L i t t l e cooperation was obtained from State 7/ardens in the patrol of the lake, but they were willing to take cases before local courts once refuge personnel had made the apprehensions.

The following violations were handled this period;

Date

6/17/56

8/24/56

8/26/56

Violator

R. Alexander

A. H. Hesse

R. D. Robbins

Type of Violation Fine & Costs Paid

Reckless boating $ 29.00

Hunting on closed area of Refuge Reckless boating

29.00

29.00

VII OTHER ITEMS

Photographs

lie are not trying to compete with such offerings as Life. Look. Pix. Ebony, etc., but the pictures attached can t e l l better than words of some of the doings and problems on our l i t t l e refuge.

Odds and Ends

The reader w i l l find reference elsewhere in this epistle to the staffs entering the f i e l d of Video entertainment. At present Messrs. Sullivan, Godfrey, Moore and et a l Video ratings are safe, but we have some 'comers1 here, so they better watch out.

Actually, those of the staff that have been on the shows have enjoyed the experience and we fe e l , though we know we have a limited viewing audience, that we are helping the cause to which we are dedicated. The program time is donated by the station, hence i t is Class "C" time, and at the hour of 5:00 p.m. we find tough competition with an adjacent channel giving forth with "Wild B i l l Hickock".

The program i s a 15 minute program, and we find one has to have material well organized to punch out ones story in the allotted time. The program i s called "Visiting Southern I l l i n o i s " . We, of the refuge staff, agreed to one program a month with several spares up our sleeve, especially during the f a l l and winter months when we have more li v e l y and timely programs to present. Other participants in the weekly

programs have presented scenic tours of Southern I l l i n o i s , f r u i t industiy, fox hound meet, fluorspar mining, etc., with the admonition of no advertising of any product (station requirement).

We kicked the program off with "Goin-Fishin". Crawford and Stiles did this one. Crawford talked and Harry did the work hy going through the art and knack of tying a streamer f l y before the camera. Our next contribution was M.C.'d by Harry and using a local high school student presented a program on the Snakes of Southern I l l i n o i s . This one had considerable l i v e interest as a l l live specimens were used, including a timber rattler and cottonmouth. Next Harry and Larry (Sheffield) did a program on the Recreational Outlets to be found on Crab Orchard. A good program stressing outdoor manners and safety.

Harry Stiles certainly deserves a good word for the interest he has taken in this TV programming, handling and presentations made.

Personnel

Annual leave and a heavier than normal dose of sick leave has given us a limited man force to work with during this report period. Those on duty have performed yeoman service, but we find ourselves weeks behind schedule on a few major projects.

We disl i k e belaboring the point, but oh how we need, and could use to advantage, a J r . Refuge Manager. There are those, we know, who think we have too many chiefs and not enough Indians, but they know not of the problems. Demands on the technical staffs time to supervision of a ncrriad of maintenance duties arising from industrial and recreational problems, and answering to a constant stream of public whys and where fors allows the technical staff l i t t l e time to meet the professional technical needs of Messrs. Goose and Duck and proper stewardship of the land. No, we are not bit t e r , just a mite confused once in a while, as we struggle along cultivating a crop of ulcers.

Respectfully submitted.

. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ - ^ irry E. Sti les - Eugene E. Crawfo

Refuge Manager Project Manager

Date submitted

Approved by Regional Office / l / f j / / J y ^ A ^ i A ^ y

3-1750 Form NR-1 (ReT. March 1953)

REFUGE Crab Orchard

W A T E R F O W L

MONTHS OF am, T0 flflpt, 1 VJL

(1)

C2) Weeka o f r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d

2 : :

8 : 9 : 10 Swans:

Whistling Trumpeter

Geeset Canada 350 350 390 350 630 630 630 630 630 630 Cackling Brant White-fronted Snow Blue Other

Ducks: Mallard U 21 1A 7 7 7 Black Gadwall Baldpate Pintail Green-winged teal Blue-winged teal *4 28 Cinnamon teal Shoveler VIoOd 350 350 350 i.00 500 700 1400 uoo 1A00 uoo Redhead Ring-necked Canvasback Scaun 7 7

•

7 Goldeneye Bufflehead Ruddy Other

Coott 238 210

J

Int. Pup. Sec.,

3-7l50a Cont. NR-1 (Rev. March 19 3) W A T E R F O W L

(Continuation Sheet)

REFUGE Crab Orchard MONTHS OF am I9Jt

(1)

T2l Weeks of r e p o r t i n g p e r i o d

— — Estimated waterfowl

i—an : Production J Broods: E stimated

Swans: Whistling Trumpeter

Geese: Canada 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 630 10.220 10 AO Cackling Brant White-fronted Snow Blue Other

Ducks: Mallard 70 Black Gadwall Baldpate Pintail Green-winged teal Blue-winced teal 112 Cinnamon teal Shoveler Wood 1L00 1A00 1Z.00 1L00 UOO 1A00 1A00 1A00 150 Redhead Ring-necked Canvasback Scaun Goldeneye Bufflehead Ruddy Other

Coot; Ml (ov Br)

Swans

Geese

Ducks

Coots

ra— Total Days Use

10,220

19,730

us

— — Peak Number

90

1,407

23

Total Production

40

SUMMARY

150

Principal feeding areas Crab Orchard Lake

Principal nesting areas Igjanda and wpeded araaa la and

along tributaries of Crab Orchard lake.

Reported by

INSTRUCTIONS (See Sees. 7 31 through 753U, Wildlife Refuges Field Manual)

In addition to the birds listed on form, other species occurring on refuge during the reporting period should be added in appropriate spaces. Special attention should be given to those species of local and national significance.

(1) Species:

(2) Weeks of Reporting Period:

Estimated Waterfowl Days Use:

(3)

(li) Production:

(5) Total Days Use:

(6) Peak Number:

(7) Total Production:

Estimated average refuge populations.

Average weekly populations x number of days present for each species.

Estimated number of young produced based on observations and actual counts on representative breeding areas. Brood counts should be made on two or more areas aggregating 10£ of the breeding habitat. Estimates having no basis in fact should be omitted.

A summary of data recorded under (3)•

Maximum number of waterfowl present on refuge during any census of reporting period.

A summary of data recorded under (U).

Interior Duplicating Section, Washington, T>. 0. 1953

3^1751 Form NR-1A (Aug. 19521

Refuge Grab QrdbaiTl-

MIGRATORY BIRDS Other than Waterfowl

Months of.... 1 to Augu8t..31^ -195.6-

Species

Common Name

I. Water and Marsh Birds:

Loon Plod-billed Grebe Double-crested Comorant Great Blue Heron

(2) First Seen

(3) Peak Concentration

Number Date

Little Blue Heron Green Heron American Bittern Least Bittern Black-crowned Mgtxt Heron King Rail

I I . Shorebirds. Gulls and Terns:

WBBUmm

Spotted Sandpiper Solitary Sandpiper

least Tern

1 1

Bay 9 M y 17

Bay 7

Hay 2

Numbe r

1 4

mmm 10 May 1 100 lag 31 300 Mag 31 50 Aug 31

500 Aug 31 5 teg 30 2 m y 25

40 Aug 31 50 Aug 1

Inclusive Dates

2000 31 2 30

25 9mm 1 50 July 1 10 4 25 wm 1 7 Hay 11

ia 8

(over)

(4) Last Seen

Numbe r

1 2 1

Post-breeding Post-breading

I 4 1 12

Date

* y 4 June 10

Wm H

Production Number

Colonies Total # Nests

sif^rant rd^Trant

*m 5 %y n ftqr 11 July 17

1 17

Mign nt

Ifigrsnt

Total Young

(6) Total

100 1 1

t

?

2^0

200 2 2 8

Estimated Use

1 20 40

50 500 10 -5 40 250

HM 4 50 100 25 100 25 1 50

y j

I I I . Doves and Pigeons: Mourning dove White-winged dove

IV. Predaceous Birds: Golden eagle »«okM&§wk Screech Owl Horned owl M»8f>*e Barred Owl Raven Crow Turkay Vulture

•»8

Ctepny Sperrowhawk

131

iMliHi

Petoanent Pjesldent m l—m m—t.

i Piesldent July 25

14

laaident

(5)

1 4 1 2 2 10

Reported by Lea Buah

15 2 S 2 4 4 50

5 00

50

6000 50 10 75 25 40

-a 400

Species:

(2) First Seen:

(3) Peak Numbers

(4) Last Seen:

(5) Production:

(6) Total:

INSTRUCTIONS (See Sec. 7532. Wildlife Refuges Field Manual) Use the correct names as found in the A.O.U. Checklist, 1931 Edition, and l i s t group in A.O.U. order. Avoid general terms as "seagull", "tern", etc. In addition to the birds li s t e d on form, other species occurring on refuge during the reporting period should be added in appropriate spaces. Special attention should be given to those species of local and National significance. Groups: I. Water and Marsh Birds (Gaviiformes to Ciconiiformes and Gruiiformes

I I . Shorebirds. Gulls and Terns (Charadriiformes) I I I . Doves and Pigeons (Columbiformes) IV. Predaceous Birds (Falconiformes, Strigiformes and predaceous

Passeriformes) The f i r s t migration record for the species for the reporting period.

Estimated number and inclusive dates when peak population of the species occurred.

The last refuge record for the species during the season concerned.

Estimated number of young produced based on observations and actual counts.

Estimated species days use (average population X no. days present) of refuge during the reporting period.

Interior—Duplicating Section, Washington, D. C. 26014

3-1752 .Form NR-2 (April 1946;

Refuge Grab Orchftyg

UPLAND GAME BIRDS

Months of to

1613

1 9 ^

(1) Species

(2) Density

(3) Young

Produced

U) Sex

Ratio

(5) Removals

(6) Total

(7) Remarks

Common Name Cover types, t o t a l acreage of habitat

Acres per Bird

U « -O TJ > n O -Sow & x* o

•H 4?

Percbntage u 8 P -p b m

w

Estimated number using Refuge

Pertinent information not specifically requested.

List introductions here.

Bob White Quail

Chinese Eingneckcd Pheasant

Ho census or estimate oi I M i l l r:.-r:-cUovi4 l | In TOposted :n subseque? t norrative.

24,000 wm 140 Lef t on -grounds fro© winter-spring Field T r i a l s .

INSTRUCTIONS r Form NR-2 - UPLAND GAME BIRDS.*

(1) SPECIES:

(2) DENSITY:

Use correct common name. /

Applies particularly to those species considered in removal programs (public hunts, etc.). Detailed data may be omitted for species occurring in limited numbers. Density to be expressed in acres per animal by cover types. This information is to be prefaced by a statement from the refuge manager as to the number of acres in each cover type found on the refuge; once submitted, this information need not be repeated except as significant changes occur in the area of cover types. Cover types should be detailed enough to furnish the desired information but not so much as to obscure the general picture. Examples: spruce swamp, upland hardwoods, reverting agriculture land, bottomland hardwoods, short grass prairie, etc. Standard type symbols listed in Midlife Management Series No. 7 should be used where possible. Figures submitted should be based on actual observations and counts on representative sample areas. Survey method used and size of sample area or areas should be indicated under Remarks.

(3) YOUNG PRODUCED: Estimated number of young produced, based upon observations and actual counts in representative breeding habitat.

(A) SEX RATIO:

(5) REMOVALS:

(6) TOTAL:

(7) REMARKS:

This column applies primarily to wild turkey, pheasants, etc. Include data on other species i f available.

Indicate total number in each category removed during the report period.

Estimated total number using the refuge during the report period. This may include resident birds plus those migrating into the refuge during certain seasons.

Indicate method used to determine population and area covered in survey, include other pertinent information not specifically requested.

Also

* Only columns applicable to the period covered should be used.

1613

3-1670 N R - 8 a

REFUGE GRAIN REPORT

Refuge Months of through...JugUS^t , 195j6

(1) (2)

O N H A N D

(3)

R E C E I V E D

(4) (5) G R A I N D I S P O S E D O F

(6) O N H A N D

(7) P R O P O S E D OR S U I T A B L E U S E *

V A B I E T T * B E G I N N I N G O F P E R I O D

D U R I N G P E R I O D

T O T A L

Transferred Seeded Fed Total E N D O F P E R I O D Seed Feed Surplus

Com 80 85 — — 80 80

Dwarf Milo 12 — 12 — 12 12 0

Millet 10

' i >

10 — 10 10 0

Bookwheat 0 ' i > 10 m 20 — 10 0

. Atlas Sorgo 0 8 — 8 8 0

0 30 50 — — 50 50 50

0 460 460 — 190 — 190 270 270

cats 0 150 150 50 50 100 100

(8) Indicate shipping or collection points ferienj I I l ^ o l s ^ Q^ll l^ . rilinoiS--

(9) Grain is stored at .8©f g*-g3M«a3Cy j j Purchased for eKperimental"short corn" plot* (itytrld seed corn)- Northern varieties*

10) Remarks: J^.JteeMyed J _ *See instructions on b J K purchase .

N R - 8 a

REFUGE GRAIN REPORT

This report should cover all grain on hand, received, or disposed of, during the period covered by this narrative report.

Report all grain in bushels. For the purpose of this report the following approximate weights of grain shall be considered equivalent to a bushel: Corn (shelled)—55 lb., corn (ear)—70 lb., wheat— 60 lb., barley—50 lb., rye—55 lb., oats—30 lb., soy beans—60 lb., millet—50 lb., cowpeas—60 lb., and mixed—50 lb. In computing volume of granaries, multiply the cubic contents (cu. ft.) by 0.8 bushels.

(1) List each type of grain separately and specifically, as flint corn, yellow dent corn, square deal hybrid corn, garnet wheat, red May wheat, durum wheat, spring wheat, proso millet, combine milo, new era cowpeas, mikado soy beans, etc. Mere listing as corn, wheat, and soybeans will not suffice, as specific details are necessary in considering transfer of seed supplies to other refuges. Include only domestic grains; aquatic and other seeds will be listed on NR-9.

(3) Report all grain received during period from all sources, such as transfer, share cropping, or harvest from food patches.

(4) A total of columns 2 and 3.

(6) Column 4 less column 5,

(7) This is a proposed break-down by varieties of grain listed in column 6. Indicate if grain is

suitable for seeding new crops.

(8) Nearest railroad station for shipping and receiving.

(9) Where stored on refuge: "Headquarters granary," etc. (10) Indicate here the source of grain shipped in, destination of grain transferred, data on con

dition of grain, unusual uses proposed.

8 2 S 8 6

# 7 & 8 - Conservation Project, Marion Sea Scout Troop. Stake and rider r a i l fence constructed. A l l materials cut on refuge and project under supervision of Stiles and Manke. May 1956 E.E.C.

JUN • 56

JUN • 56

I 9 - Two hours productive bass fishing on Little Grassy Lake. May 1956 E.E.C,

#10 - C.O.S.A. fishing rodeo on refuge farm pond. June 1956 E.E.C,

#11 - Lotus bed adjacent to Highway 13. This bed l e f t unsprayed for public show and interest.

July 1956 E.E.C.

56

#12 - Five year old multiflora rose permanent contours guide lines were a colorful mass of bloom this year.

May 1956 E.E.C.

#13 & U -• Some idea of the problems involved in repair to water "—- - • ^ — line and sewer main

s.

r

breaks. Picture above i s of a double break in water line 11 feet i n depth. Lower picture, sewer line 15 feet below ground level. Safety comments - no shoring -no, dug through solid clay.

May 1956 E.E.C

• ; • . #15 & 16 - Contract and force account work on renovation of Wolf Creek Road. Above, force account brushing, cleaning and reditching of road, ll&y 1956. Below - same shot, same spot nearing completion.

July 1956 E.E.C.

#17 & 18 - See photos #15&16. Contractor placing o i l and chips. June 1956 E.E.C.

#19 & 20 - Carap act ivi ty on the L i t t l e Grassy Lake G i r l Scout Ganip. Above, pioneer camp uni t . Below, a l l camp dining h a l l . July 1956 E.E.C.

#21 & 22 - S a i l boat enthusiasts are one of the many users of our recreational f a c i l i t i e s on Crab Orchard Lake. July 1956 L.B.S .

muillcii 01 t-oh-ufi rltolis iia'^tt/l r.lp0kt3 opcrttlone

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