muet reading midyear 2011

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MAJLIS PEPBRIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSTAN EXAMINATIoNS CoTNCIL)

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION pApER UNTIL yOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

There rtre forty-five questions in this test. For each question, choose the most appropriateanswer. Indicate your answer on the separate answer sheet given.

Reqd the instructions on tlte answer sheet carffilly.

Attempt all questions.

This question paper consists of 16 printed pages.O Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2011

MUET 8OO/3/M*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over.

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Questions I to 7 are bqsed on thefollowing passage.

1 At a time when most industries are predicting gloomy days ahead, the country'srubber glove manufacturers see a bright future. Global demand is expected toremain strong, especially for medical gloves. Historically, the rubber glove industryhas been blessed with rapid growth in globai demand - estimated at 8oh to l}ohper annum. The growth in demand is anticipated to continue, driven mainly bythe traditional medical market and an aging population. Malaysian glove makersare the world's leading players, accounting for 55o/o to 65Yo of the market share.

Industry players have also begun to focus on nitrile gloves as these gloves have

become more popular in hospitals due to their low protein content versus latexgloves.

2 A leading glove manufactureq Mr Lim, expects demand for medical gloves

to be stable, if not increase. "Greater emphasis will be placed on healthcare incompanies' annual budgets as no one can afford to fall sick or incur heavy medicalexpenses in such times. Therefore, the medical glove industry is resilient in anyeconomic climate," he said. Nevertheless, he predicted a slight decrease in demandfor industrial and laboratory gloves from the non-medical sectors, including the

electrical and electronics and food and beverage sectors during periods of economicslowdown which could lead to lower business activities and thus lower usage.

"While we are more prudent in terms of expansion, we will focus on research and

development to offer higher value products. We aim to achieve double-digit growthin revenue for the next two or three years. With our new plant which producespremium grade nitrile gloves scheduled to run soon, we are confident of achievingour targeted growth," he said.

3 Another leading glove company reported that the group had allocated someRM80 million for capital expenditure, which would include expansion andpotentialacquisitions. "We continue to focus on producing high quality products efficientlyand at a low cost. The main challenge for the industry is the volatility of latexprice, crude oil price and also foreign exchange. As long as all these factors remainstable, it will be good for us. As rubber gloves constitute less than 1% of the totalcost of healthcare centres, any increase in selling price is deemed too insignificantto affect overall demand," he said.

Figure 1: Profitability of Glove Companies

30()SzoE()Bro

02010

Year

W Gnlim Co. ffi Century Holdings Co.

NlMangal Rubber Industries Co. [TIllTl Corbel Corp Co.

(Adapted from The Star, Jantary 2,2009)

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1 8 per cent to10 per cent ofrubber gloves produced are for export.

A True

B False

C Not stated

2 Malaysian glove makers captured more than half of the world's market share.

A True

B False

C Not stated

3 The rubber glove industry is recession-proof.

A True

B False

C Not stated

4 Natural latex gloves are more expensive than other fypes of gloves.

A True

B False

C Not stated

5 A decrease in dernand for gloves is a more serious problem for glove makers than risingmanufacturing cost.

A True

B False

C Not stated

Glove makers are reluctant to increase the price of gloves as this will affect demand.

A True

B False

C Not stated

Century Holdings Co. is the biggest manufacturer of gloves in Malaysia.

A True

B False

C Not stated

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Questions 8 to 14 are based on the following passage.

I Europe's population is, right ncw, peaking, after more than six centuries ofcontinuous growth. With each generation reproducing only half its number, thislooks like the start of a continent-wide collapse in numbers. Some predict wipeout by 2100.

2 Half a century ago, Europe was basking in a post-war baby boom, with 2.8 5

babies per woman in Britain, 2.9 in France, and 3.2 in the Netherlands. Then,

levels sank back. Demographers assumed that fertility would settle down at about

the level required to maintain the population - slightly more than two babies per

woman. The trouble is nobody told Europe's women.

3 In the real world, even the swinging 60s did not see a lot of procreation. 10

By the mid-60s, alarrn bells were ringing. "Europe is entering a demographic

w'inter," declared demographer Gdrard-Frangois Dumont. Ron Lesthaeghe at

the Free University of Brussels blamed "post-materialistic values, in which self-

development becomes the primary aim."

4 Aresolution at the Eurcpean parliament in 1984 warned that Europe's share 15

of the world's population rvas set to halve between 1950 and 2000, and was likelyto halve again as soon as 2025. This trend, it said, "will have a decisive effect on

the significance of the role Europe will play in the world in future decades." The

twentieth century began with western Europe producing 10 million babies a year:'

by the end it couldn'tmanage 6 million-2 million fewer than it needs to maintain 20

the population in the long term. That baby famine is now heading into a second

generation; it is no longer a blip.

5 Demographically, Europe is living on borrowed time. It already badly needs

foreign hands to keep its societies and economies functioning, and should stop

pretending otherwise. 25

6 Thirty years ago,23 European countries had fertilify above replacement levels;

now none does, with only France, Iceland, Albania, Britain and Ireland anywhere

near. And last year's economic downtum threatens to depress fertility further.

7 Once a country has very low fertility for a generation, it begins to run out ofyoung women able to gestate future generations. Germany is there already: it has 30

only half as many children under 10 as adults in their 40s. Demographer Peter

McDonald calculates that if Italy gets stuck with recent ferlility levels, and failsto top up with foreign migrants, it will lose 86% of its population by the end ofthe century falling to 8 million compared with today's 56 million. Spain will lose

850%, Germany 83% andGreeceT4o/o. 35

8 Jesse Ausubel, a futurologist at Rockefeller University in New York, fears

"the twilight of the west" as Europe's population thins and ages. But, populationhistorianDavid Reher told the jourcal Science in 2006 that, "As population and tax

revenues decline in Europe, urban areas could well be filied with empty buildingsand crurnbling infrastructure . . . surrounded by large areas which look more like 40

what we might see in some science-fiction movies."

(Adapted fromThe Guardian, February 1,2010)

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The current desired family size in Britain is three.

A True

B False

C Not stated

The population of Europe has started to decline.

A True

B False

C Not stated

Ron Lesthaeghe's opinion is that Europeans have become self-centred.

A True

B False

C Not stated

The trouble is nobody told Europe's women (line 9). This implies that the writer

A is not putting the blame on women

B is acknowledging the importance of women

C is accusing demographers for making a wrong assumption

Which of the following statements is true of paragraph4?

A Europe's population will be reduced by half from 1950 tifl2A25.

B Europe's population will be maintained with six million babies ayear.

C Europe's population is declining fwice as fast between 2000 and2025.

Peter McDonald believes that

A low fertility among Europeans is due to economic considerations

B Spain will be the worst hit by population decline

C Italy should welcome foreign migrants

Inthelastparagraph,DavidReherpresentsa-pictureofEurope.

A gloomy

B futuristic

C promising

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Questions 1,5 to 21 are based on the following passege.

1 A l5-second scene for a Chinese movie, Bodyguards and Assassins, is being shot

not on location but on an elaborate set built on the outskirts of Shanghai" As bigas 10 football fields, this full-scale replica of a section of the former British colonytook a year to build, costs $5 million - a fifth of the film's budget - and includes the

fogades ofabout 200 shops.

2 lt also syrabolises a massive investment in the future of Chinese cinema.

Grand historical sets are a staple of Chinese epics. But in the past, most of those

films were shot with intemational money for an international audience. Bodyguards

and Assassir?s represents a new model of Chinese filmmaking. It has i00 per cent

Chinese flnancing - half private and half public - and is being shot primarily fora Chinese audience. In the past, the size of the mainland Chinese market alone

vrould not have supported such a big-budget frlm. But in the last coLrple of years

the Chinese market has exploded, and for the first time fiims are being produced forjust that audience. Foreign sales are no longer the biggest slice of the pie in terms

of recoup. The rnajorily of the investments, if not all, can be recouped with the

projected revenue of the Chinese market alone.

3 Compared with Hollywood or even Bollyw'ood, the Chinese film industryis still in its infancy. Private companies have been allowed to film independently

only since 2002, and private-equiry players began to invest in the industry justin 2A07 . But with a domestic box office that ballooned from $117 million fiveyears ago to $630 million in 2008, it is becoming easier for Chinese films to atffactprivate domestic capital. They got a boost from international blockbusters as wellas acciaimed local films. Total box-offrce revenues for 2009 reached $800 million.That is still a long way from the $9.8 billion the U.S. box offrce earned in 2008, butmainland China so far has only 4100 movie screens, compared with 38 834 in the

United States.

4 The race is now on. New movie theaters are opening every week, increasinglyin smaller cities. Dadi Cinemas Co., a Hong Kong-based firm that started buildingcinemas on the mainland less than three years ago. will have 300 screens by the end

of the year; Dadi's chairman, John Sham, says the company's objective is to build1500 screens within the next five years. Dadi's strategy has been to concentrate onsecond-tier cities, u'here there are often no movie theaters, and to keep ticket prices

at a quarler to a third of those for cinemas in larger cities.

5 Five years ago, Chinese filmmakers had to go to Hong Kong producers tofinance their films, since those people controlled the distribution pipeiine outsideChina, where a big-budget film would have to show to recoup its money. Thoughthey are still looking 1o Hong Kong firms for their expertise, Chinese productionhouses are increasingly in the driver's seat.

6 But for all the rising box-office revenues, Chinese cinema has yet to mine akey stream ofpotential riches: spin-offs. In Hollywood. box-office receipts accountfor just 30 per cent of a film's revenues, with the rest coming from television rights,DVD sales, and merchandising. "Residual income outside box-office receiptsis very low in China -- no more than 20 per cent-- because television is still a

monopoly, there is no video-on-demand platform, and DVD piracy is still a verybig issue," says Sham. "There is a lot of room for residual income to grow." China


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proved with its Olympic mascots that it can fully capitalise on merchandising. Itwon't be long before filmmakers figure out how to turn their work into millions ofsword-fi ghting action fi gures.

(Adapted from Newsweek, September 21,2009)

l5 Grand historical sets are a staple of Chinese epics (line 7). This implies that

A the Chinese are proud of their culture

B the Chinese enjoy watching historical movies

C the Chinese love movies with spectacular settings

16 The biggest slice of the pie (line 14) in paragraph 2 refers to

A the highest earnings

B the largest investors

C the biggest budget movies

17 The current strategy of movie producers is to

A invest heavily in epic movies

B target movie-goeru in China

C attract foreign investors

18 Which of the following statements is not true of paragraph 3?

A There are almost ten times more cinemas in the United States compared to China.

B Earnings from Chinese movies peaked at $800 million in 2009.

C Moviemaking as a lucrative industry is not new in China.

19 The race is now on (line 27). This refers to

A building more cinemas

B producing more big budget films

C selling more movie tickets at lower price

20 The Chinese movie producers no longer need Hong Kong counterparts. Why?

A They have distribution channels outside China.

B They do not need Hong Kong experlise.

C They can earn enough within China.

21 The main idea of paragraph 6 is

A revenue from spin-offs is expected to overtake box-office revenues

B China's movie industry is capable of making money from spin-offs

C China's film makers should emulate Olympic organisers in marketing spin-offs



CONFIDENTIAL*

Questions 22 to 29 are based on the following passage.

1 When Kellogg introduced breakfast cereal to India 14 years ago, it underestimatedthe tradition of cooked breakfasts. The few customers for cornflakes ate them withhot milk, because until recently milk was rarely pasteurised in India, and they weredisappointed by the soggy results.

2 Kellogg responded with an extensive advertising campaign and, to adapt tolocal tastes, introduced products like Basmati rice ffakes and mango-flavouredcereal. To entice customers, the company also produced small packs that sold for10 rupees, or 25 IJ.S. cents. "It would be foolhardy for me to say Kellogg has

replaced cooked breakfast. I don't think we can ever hope for that. But we'vebecome a parl of the consideration set for breakfast in many Indian homes, and

that's a tipping point," saidAnupam Dutta, the managing director of Kellogg India.

3 Getting a foothold in India's processed-food market, estimated to be worth$90 billion, requires persistence and a willingness to adapt products to food and

cultural preferences. Rising incomes, more working women, modem stores and

greater culinary choices are helping companies like PepsiCo, Nestle, Unileverand McDonald's get a piece of the market. Adaptation appears to be essential forsuccess in the sector. PepsiCo for example, has produced strong sales from ethnicsalty snacks and sells aam panna, or green mango nectar, along with its colas.

4 Nestle promoted Milkmaid, a condensed milk, as being ideal for traditionalIndian sweets. But it had better results with Maggi noodles, a bold step in a countrydivided between eaters of ric e and roti, a flat wheat bread. Maggi soon became astaple in school lunch boxes, helped by masala, or mixed spices. Nestle recentlyintroduced packaged yogurt, competing with another time-honoured Indiantradition. A few years ago, Indian and foreign companies struggled to sell packagedfoods. But now it is much easier to break into the lndian market because of ayounger population, higher incomes, new technologies and a growing middle class,

estimated at 50 million households.

5 Hemant Kalbag of A.T. Kearney, a consulting company, estimates thatprocessed foods will grow at 15 per cent annually over the next four years. "Wehave a young population with higher disposable incomes, living away from thelarge joint families and seeking greater convenience. The market is constantlyevolving and creating demand for products that you never thought would have had

a chance. Increasingly, Indian consumption patterns are mirroring global trendssuch as a preference for protein and for functional foods," said Kalbag.

6 McDonald's which is doubling its outlets in India to nearly 300 this yeaq does

not sell beef products in the country. Half its menu is vegetarian, with popularofferings like the McAloo Tikki Burger, which is essentially a potato patfy. Thecompany also has more sit-down restaurants for large Indian families and homedelivery a first.

7 Indian companies are imitating these fast-food rivals to attract youngcustomers. For instance, Jumbo King, an Indian fast-food chain, is mass producingvada pav, a spiced potato patfy in a bun, using modified cookie-dough machinesand temperature-controlled stoves. Their inspiration is clearly McDonald's.


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8 Despite the opporhrnity, there are longstanding hurdles. Cumbersome taxrules give an advantage to smaller local companies. And the refrigerated system of 45transportation and storage is inadequate. Problems in this cold chain result in wasteofnearly 40 per cent ofall fresh produce. There is a need for stronger legislationon food safety, more robust supply chains and improvements in the cold chain.The govemment and modern retailers are addressing these issue3 with new laws onpackaging and labelling, as well as greater investment in the supply chain. 50

(Adapted from Herald Tribune, March 20, 2008)

22 In the first paragraph, the writer implies that

A Indians do not eat breakfast cereals with cold milk

B it is dififlcult to break the habit of eating cooked breakfasts

C breakfast cereals are relatively recent food products in India

23 The writer mentions Basmati riceflakes and mango-flavoured cereal (lines 6 andT) toillustrate the

A attempts to include ethnic options

B many varieties of breakfast cereals

C new way of packaging snacks in small packets

24 The main reason for the success of global food companies in India is

A theirproducts are relatively cheap

B they have invested heavily in technology

C they take into account cultural food preferences

25 The market for processed foods has grown in India primarily because of

A a growing middle class

B huge population growth

C a desire to follow global consumption trends

26 Why is the introduction of Maggi noodles considered a bold step (line 20)?

A Indians are mainly rice and bread eaters.

B Indian spices were added to the noodles.

C It became the main item of school lunches.

27 The following statements are true of McDonald's in India except

A it offers products unique to India

B it is the fastest growing global company in India

C it has influenced the operations of Indian companies

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28 The passage is particularly rich in

A restatements

B opinions of experts

C illustrativeexamples

29 Which of the following best summarises the central idea of the passage?

A Indian consumer patterns are adapting to global trends.

B Global food companies adapt to local markets for success.

C In India, food products are constantly evolving to meet local taste.

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Questions 30 to 37 ere based on the.following passage.

1 Rosette Babkian knew that something was seriously wrong. She had woken upwith a burning discomfort in her chest and an upset stomach and vomited soonafter she got to work. Her doctor called an ambulance and before she knew it, the43-year-old Sydney mother of three was in the emergency unit. For the next sevenhours, hospitai staff ran a battery of tests, but couldn't find the problem. "Theykept on giving me Mylanta. They thought it was a stomach ulcer or a bit of thisor a bit of that," says Rosette. By late aftemoon, a cardiologist was finally calledand diagnosed what the other staff had missed: Rosette had suffered aheart attack.

2 Amazingly, her story is not dn unusual one. Men and women often presentdifferent sets of symptoms when they experience heart attacks. Yet, becausehospital protocols - the rvay staff are trained to react and subsequently act - aretypically based on the symptoms that men present, women are often misdiagnosed,wait ionger for correct treatment or may even be sent home untreated.

3 Men and women are not the same. That is hardly an earlh-shattering revelation.Yet traditionally, women have been viewed by the medical profession as simplysmaller versions of men. Now, however, scientists are revealing how wrong - anddangerous - that assumption really is. Researchers are uncovering tiny biologicalditierences at every level - from the cells up - which influence the way men andwomen experience disease and how.they need to be treated for it.

4 "Men and women share more than 99 per cent of their genetic material.But sometimes the small genetic differences result in dramatic differences as faras diagnosis and treatrnent go," says Dr Susan Philips of Queen's University inOntario, Canada.

5 For example, researchers now know that men and women rnetabolise drugsin different ways - the balance of hormones and distribution of body fat play a parlin determining how the chemicals are stored and used. Women's brains are mole"plastic" than men's, meaning they recover more easily from strokes. And men'sbodies respond to certain types of pain in diff'erent ways from women's bodies andmay need different treatment fbr it.

6 That is not all. As well as the way our bodies are put together, our genderalso affects our health outcomes, thanks to the rvay in which society shapes us asmen and women. Women are more likely to see their doctor and take care of theirhealth. Men, on the other hand, generally do not visit the doctor until their diseasehas progressed further, so they are more likeiy to die from it. Men also suflerhigher rates of accident and injury, including suicide. Yet much of the evidence onwhich medicine is based does not take gender differences into account.

7 Iinforfunately, that is what happened to Rosette Babkian. Her heart attacksymptoms fell into a definition of "atypical" symptoms which are based on maleexperience. As a result of the delay in her treatment, she suffered permanentdamage to her heart muscle.

8 Why is this happening? Around the world, more clinical trials have beencarried out on young white men. [t is more complicated for researchers to includewomen, because they have had to factor in complexities such as fluctuating hormonelevels through menstruation or menopause. In addition, drug companies are waryof testing their new products on women who might be pregnant.

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9 There is also the question of how medical studies are funded, "the morehomogeneous the group, the more rapidly you can explore the question you'reasking," explains Dr Jo Wainer, director of the Gender and Medicine ResearchUnit at Monash University. o'As soon as you introduce confounders like sex andethnicity, the more complicated the study is and the more expensive it becomes." 50

10 However, it is not just women who have missed out on important research.One in eight cases of osteoporosis involves a male, but little research has beendone into the disease in men: the evidence on which their treatment is based isextrapolated from studies on women. It is the same for reproductive medicine:there is not even a male equivalent to the discipline of gynaecology. 55

11 Ten years ago, the US National Institute of Health made it a prerequisite forgovernment funding that if the research is on health issues that affect both men andwomen, both sexes must be included in trials and the data analysed for any genderdifferences. As well as changing the way research is conducted, it is also importantto consider gender when it comes to the way doctors are trained and health services 60are delivered, Dr Wainer says.

(Adapted from Readers' Digest, July 2009)

30 In paragraph 1, the writer tells us Rosette Babkian's story to make the point that

A misdiagnosis by doctors are common occuffences

B heart attack symptoms of females are often wrongly diagnosed

C doctors at the emergency unit are not trained to handle heart attacks

D a cardiologist is needed to diagnose heart attacks suffered by females

31 The word protocols (line 11) can be replaced by

A training

B diagnosis

C treatments

D procedures

32 ...that assumption (line 17) refers to the belief that

A men and women are not the same

B women are smaller version of men

C men's response to treatment is different from women's

D there are biological differences befween men and women

33 The examples given in paragraph 5 explain

A the effects of drug metabolism on men and women

B the reasons why men take longer to recover from a stroke

C the differences between men and women that affect ffeatment

D the similarities and differences of men's and women's genetic material

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34 Women are more likely to see their doctor and take care of their health (lines 32 and 33). Thishighlights the point that

A gender affects health

B society influences behaviour

C women are concerned about their health

D doctors seldom recognise gender differences I

35 The word this (line 41) refers to

A delay in treatment for women

B permanent damage to heart muscle

C using young white men for clinical trials

D treating women based on symptoms exhibited by men

36 Why were clinical trials traditionally carried out on young white men?

,d Data analysis of a homogenous sample was more straightforward.

B Pharmaceutical companies forbid the use of female subjects.

C Male subjects were paid less compared to female subjects.

D Researchers prefer working with men.

37 The writer mentions osteoporosis and gynaecology in paragraph 10 to make the point that

A the two diseases affect mostly women

B men have been neglected in some research

C gender differences determine the type of study

D treatment for some branches of medicine is based on studies on women

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Questions 38 to 45 are bctsed on the.following passage.

Man has changed the landscape and the atmosphere. It would be odd if the seas,which he has for centuries used for food, for transporl, for dumping rubbish and,more recently., for recreation, had not also been affected. Man has brought about ahotter atmosphere and warmer seas.

Melting sea ice affects ecosystems and cunents. It does not affect sea levels, 5

because floating ice is already displacing water of a weight equal to its own. Butmelting glaciers and ice sheets on land are bringing quantities of fresh water intothe sea, whose levei has been rising at an average of nearly 2 millimetres a yearfor over 40 years, and the pace is getting faster. Recent studies suggest that the sea

level may well rise by a total of 80 centimetres this century though the figure could 10plausibly be as much as 2 metres.

The burning over the past I 00 years or so of fossil fue ls that took half a billionyears to fonn has suddenly, in geological terms, released an enoffitous amountof carbon dioxide (COr) into the atmosphere. About a third of this CO, is takenup by the sea, where it forms carbonic acid. The plants and animals that have 15

evolved or,'er time to thrive in slightly alkaline surface waters - their pH is around8.3 - are now having to adapt to a 30 per cent increase in the acidity' of theirsuroundings. Some will no doubt flourish, but if the trend continues, as it willfor at least some decades, clams, mussels, conches and all creatures that growshells made of calcium carbonate will struggle. So will corals, especially those 20whose skeletons are composed of aragonite, a parlicularly unstable form of calciumcarbonate.

Man's interference does not stop with COr. Knowingly and deliberately, hethrows plenty of rubbish and toxic waste into the sea. Inadvertently, he also letsflame retardants, bunker oil and hear,y metals seep into the mighty ocean, and often 25invasive species too. Much of the harm done by such pollutants is invisible to theeye: it shows up only in the analysis of dead polar bears or in tuna served in NewYork sushi bars.

Increasingly, though, swimrners, sailors and even those who monitor the seawith the help of satellites are encountering highly visible aigal blooms known as red 30tides, which have increased in frequency, number and size in recent years, notablysince man-made nitrogen ftrtilisers came into widespread use in the 1950s. Whenrainwater contaminated with these fertilisers and other nutrients reaches the sea, anexplosion of (oxic algac and bacteria takes place. killing fish. absorbing almost allthe oxygen and leaving a nricrobially-dominared ecosysrem.) 35

Each of these phenomena would be bad enough on its own, but all appear to belinked, usually synergistically. Slaughter one species in the food web and you setoff a chain of alterations above or below. Thus, the near extinction of sea otters inthe northern Pacific led to a proliferation of sea urchins, which then laid waste anentire kelp forest that had hitherlo sustained its own ecosystem. 4A

whereas, misfortunes that came singly might not prove fatal, those that comein combination often prove overwhelming. The few coral reefs that remain pristineseem able to cope with the warming and acidification that none can escape, butmost of the reefs that have also suffered overfishing or pollution have succumbed tobleaching or even death. Biodiversity comes with interdependence, and the shocks 45administered by mankind in recent decades have been so numerous and so severethat the natural balance of marine life is disturbed.


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8 fue these changes reversible? Most scientists believe that fisheries, for instance,could be restored to health with the right policies, properly enforced. But many ofthe changes are speeding up, not slowing down. Some, such as the acidification of 50

the seas, will continue for years to come simply because of events already in trainor past. And some, such as the melting of the Arctic ice cap, may be close to the

point at which an abrupt, and perhaps irreversible, series of happenings is set inmotion.

9 It is clear, in any event, that man must change his ways. A world of 6.7 billion 55

souls, set to become 9 billion by 2050, cannot afford to treat the sea as an infiniteresource.

(Adapted from The Economist, December 30, 2008)

38 The main message in paragraph 1 is

A man is responsible for a hotter climate and warmer seas

B man has exploited the sea just as he did with the landscape and atrnosphere

C the destruction of the sea is worse than that of the landscape and atmosphere

D like the landscape and the atmosphere, the sea also suffers from man's interference

39 'Ihe rise in sea level cannot be credited to the melting of

A sea ice

B glaciers

C arctic ice cap

D ice sheets on land

40 The trend (line 18) refers to

A increasing acidity in the sea

B declining number of shell creatures

C the continued burning of fossil fuels

D adapting of marine and plant life to the surroundings

41 How would you describe the writer's tone in paragraph 4?

A Condescending

B Commanding

C Convincing

D Critical



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42 Artificial fertilisers washed into the sea will lead to

I increase ofred tides

II growth of microbes

ilI absorption of oxygen

IV evolution of new marine species

A I, II andIII

B I, II and IV

C I, III and IV

D II,IIIandIV

43 The writer cites the example of sea otters and sea urchins (lines 38 and 39) to support the ideathat

A when the population of sea otters decreases, the numbers of sea urchins multiply

B the individual marine species can maintain its own balances in the food web

C the increasing sea urchins will destroy the kelp forest

D the ecosystem of marine creatures can be threatened

44 Inparagraph 7, the writer is of the opinion that

A fisheries can be restored to health if man changes his ways

B it will be difflcult to stop the changes to the marine ecosystem

C the implementation of right policies will slow down the acidification of the seas

D the melting of the Arctic ice cap will speed up the changes to the marine ecosystem

45 The passage is mainly about

A how to reverse the damage done to the sea

B how man has slowly destroyed the sea

C the effects of a warmer sea

D the pollution of the sea

800/3/M*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*

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muet reading midyear 2011

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