mtsc training course industrial wireless prepared by: joe dela cruz date: 06-08-2010
TRANSCRIPT
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MTSC Training CourseIndustrial WirelessPrepared by: Joe dela Cruz
Date: 06-08-2010
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Training TopicsTraining Topics
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Training TopicsTraining Topics
The Basics• Wi-fi concepts, Cellular Concepts
Antennas and Long Distance Knowledge
AWK Series Killer Functions• Turbo Roaming• Dual RF Redundancy and Bridging• VLAN & QoS
OnCell Series Killer Functions• OnCell Central Manager• Routing function
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In This Section You Will Learn…In This Section You Will Learn…
What’s new with AWK and OnCell products
What’s important about antennas and long distance communications.
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Wi-Fi BasicsWi-Fi Basics
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What is a Wireless Network?What is a Wireless Network?
A network of devices communicating over radio waves.
A wireless network eliminates data cables.
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What is Wi-Fi?What is Wi-Fi?
Three short-range, unlicensed radio technologies: IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g
Standard Frequency Max/Real Throughput
Compatible with 802.11b
Typical Range
802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps/
5 Mbps
Yes Indoor: 100m
Outdoor: 200m
802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps/
20 Mbps
Yes Indoor: 100m
Outdoor: 200m
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbps/
20 Mbps
No Indoor: 50m
Outdoor: 100m
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802.11b/g802.11b/g
802.11b speeds: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps
802.11g speeds: 54, 48, 36, 24, 28, 12, 9, 6 Mbps
Actual throughput: ~50% of supported speeds (due to network overhead)
Channels: 1~11 (US), 1~13 (EU), 1~14 (JP)
Recommended channels of use: 1, 6, 11 (avoid frequency overlap)
Regulations: FCC (US), ETSI (EU), ARIB (JP)
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802.11b/g Advantages/Disadvantages802.11b/g Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages:• Widely used• Backwards compatibility• Longer communication distance
Disadvantages:• More susceptible to interference (more devices
communicating in 2.4 GHz band)• Overlapping channels
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802.11a802.11a
802.11a speeds: 54, 48, 36, 24, 28, 12, 9, 6 Mbps
Actual throughput: ~50% of supported speeds (network overhead)
5GHz Frequency bands (4 channels each): UNII-1 , UNII-2, UNII-3
Ex: UNII-1 contains ch. 36, 40, 44, 48 (all non-overlap channels)
Regulations: FCC (US), ETSI (EU), ARIB (JP)
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802.11a Advantages/Disadvantages802.11a Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages:• Less susceptible to interference (fewer devices
communicating in 5 GHz band)• All non-overlapping channels• Regulators allow higher transmit power at higher
frequencies
Disadvantages:• Shorter communication distance• Not compatible with 802.11b/g
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Radio Signal SpecsRadio Signal Specs
Specs Definition Measure Unit Why Important?
Frequency Range The range of radio frequency which the signal is transmitting
MHz/GHz -Radio Signal frequency range has to match antenna’s frequency spec.
-Difference frequency range may have different interferences
Loss Loss of power in the radio signal
dB/dBm -Loss weakens the signal strength
-Use low loss cables
Transmit (Tx) Power
The power level of the signal being transmitted
mW/dBm -Higher the power, further the distance
-Power regulations in different countries
Receive (Rx) Sensitivity
The recognizable power level of the signal at the receiving end
dBm -Higher sensitivity, further the distance
-High gain antennas helps sensitivity
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AP/Client ConceptAP/Client Concept
Access Point (AP)• A wireless hub• Service wireless clients• Provide filtering and security
Client• Mobile wireless device• Wireless bridge for sub-networks• Capable of roaming between APs
Backbone
LAN 1Client
LAN 2Client
AP
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AP/Client Specs and SettingsAP/Client Specs and Settings
Operation mode: Device plays role of AP or Client
RF type: Select RF mode
Channel: AP and Client will use the same channel
SSID: AP and Client much have SAME SSID for association
SSID broadcast: AP broadcast SSID for passive scanning client
WDS: AP/Client connection if not enabled.
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WDS/Bridge ConceptWDS/Bridge Concept
WDS (Wireless Distribution System)• Bridging APs• Wirelessly connect multiple BSS and LAN• Fixed location communication
Backbone LAN 1APAP
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Different WDS ConfigurationsDifferent WDS Configurations
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WDS Specs and SettingsWDS Specs and Settings
WDS: Device plays the role as bridge
AP functionality: Device also plays the role as AP (allows client connection)
WDS Settings: Enter MAC address of each bridge device in WDS link.
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What is throughput?What is throughput?
Throughput is the actual data rate the device can transfer data.
In WLAN devices, throughput is roughly half of theoretical data rate (when bandwidth is not shared)
One should measure throughput to determine if actual data rate meets requirement.
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Confidential
Jperf: WLAN throughput measurement tool.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf
Throughput Measuring ToolThroughput Measuring Tool
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Cellular BasicsCellular Basics
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What is Cellular?What is Cellular?
A radio communication system that can send data over a wide area
A wireless network that gives access to network subscribers through base stations
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Cellular Network Service StandardsCellular Network Service Standards
1G1G
• NMT • AMPS/TACS/ETACS
2G2G• GSM • CSD • PHS • GPRS / EDGE• CDMA2000
3G3G• W-CDMA
• UMTS (3GSM) • TD-CDMA/UMTS-TDD • TD-SCDMA • HSPA
• HSDPA • HSUPA
• HSPA+ • HSOPA
For Voice OnlyFor Voice Only
For Voice and DataFor Voice and Data
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2G/3G Telecom Technology2G/3G Telecom Technology
2G: CSD/SMS/GPRS/EDGE
3G: UMTS/HSDPA
Service Download Upload Charge Rate
CSD 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps By connection time
SMS 1120 bits/msg 1120 bits/msg By number of message
GPRS 80 kbps 20 kbps By amount of data traffic
EDGE 237 kbps 59 kbps By amount of data traffic
UMTS 384 kbps 64 kbps By amount of data traffic
HSDPA Up to 7.3 mbps 384 kbps By amount of data traffic
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What is CSD?What is CSD?
CSD• Like reserving a seat for dining: Exclusive Service,
Needs Setup• Peer-to-Peer Connection• Low cost, charges are just like Voice Calls• Stands for GSM Phase 2 “Circuit Switched Data”
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Modem ModemModemModem
Modem and CSD via PSTNModem and CSD via PSTN
COM1
Legacy DOSsoftware
Serial
+886289191230
CNC machine
Serial
+886289191231
CNC machine
Serial
+88689191232
CNC machine
Establish connection
Transmit and receive data
Establish connection
Transmit and receive data
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CellularCellularStationStation
ElectricElectricMeterMeter
ElectricElectricMeterMeter
ElectricElectricMeterMeter
OnCell G2150 CSD ApplicationOnCell G2150 CSD Application
ElectricElectricMeterMeter
2. Transmit and receive data
1. Establish connection
CellularCellularStationStation
CellularCellularStationStation
PBX / PBX / AdministratAdministrat
oror
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AT Command DialingAT Command Dialing
Modem AModem A Modem BModem B
ATD+886289191230 RINGRING
ATA
CONNECTCONNECTCONNECTCONNECT
abcd1234 abcd1234abcd1234
+++
OKOK
ATH
OKOKNO CARRIERNO CARRIER
RINGRING RING…RING…
Data ModeData Mode
Dialing (Command Mode)Dialing (Command Mode)
Command ModeCommand Mode
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What is GPRS?What is GPRS?
GPRS• Typically charged per megabyte of transferred data• Stands for “General Packet Radio Service”
When Will You Need GPRS?• If you need ADSL-like modem behavior• If you want to use the Internet…
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2.5G – GPRS 2.5G – GPRS (General Packet Radio service)(General Packet Radio service)
Mobile Data Service available to GSM users
GSM combined with GPRS is called 2.5 G
Billed per kbyte/Mbyte/package (128 bytes)
Packet Switched
PPP, IP supported• MMS (Multimedia Message Service)• Push Mail• High-speed Internet access for mobile phones• High-speed Internet access for PCs
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What is APN?What is APN?
APN (Access Point Name) is the domain name for gateway to GPRS/internet network
APN is different for different countries and cellular operators
APN must be set correctly in order to properly register onto the 2G/3G networks
Operator may assign private APN for specific users.
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What is SMS?What is SMS?
SMS• Short Message Service, for human-readable messages• Low data volume: 140 bytes maximum
• 140 hexa characters or• 160 ACSII characters or• 70 uni-codes
When will you need SMS?• If you want to receive text messages…• If your application transfers messages infrequently• Or you have a low volume of messages
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SMS to Whom?SMS to Whom?
Press Ctrl+ZCtrl+Z here
Set 7-bits Ascii
Send my message to…
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You’ve Got Mail!!You’ve Got Mail!!
You’ve Got Mail!!
Show Me!!
Detailed Message & Info
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SMS Tunnel without AT CommandsSMS Tunnel without AT Commands
Serial-to-SMS
SMS-to-Serial SMS Data Format
• Text• Binary (8 bits)• Unicode (UCS2)
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Antenna and Long Distance Antenna and Long Distance KnowledgeKnowledge
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Basic Antenna ConceptBasic Antenna Concept
Transmit
- Power flow thru induces RF wave
Receive
- RF wave induces power
- Receiver tuned to a specific frequency to pick up specific RF
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Antenna Selection (Omni Antenna)Antenna Selection (Omni Antenna)
Longer Distance But narrow range due to
the same power
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Antenna SelectionAntenna Selection(Semi-Directional Antenna)(Semi-Directional Antenna)
Yagi Antenna Patch Antenna
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Characteristics of the AntennasCharacteristics of the Antennas
Omni-directional Dipole-360 degree coverage-Short distance applications-Service mobile clients
Directional Panel / Patch -Less than 90 degrees of coverage -Long distance applications -Service fixed location clients/bridges.
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Basic Antenna Spec ExampleBasic Antenna Spec Example
Technical information • Frequency : 2400 - 2500MHz • Gain : 12 dBi • Polarization : Vertical • Beamwidth deg vertical & horizontal :
Horz.360°Vert.7° • VSWR:≦ 1.5 : 1 • Impedance : 50 Ohm
Dimensions • Length : H1500 ㎜• Weight : 850 g • Connector : N-type / female
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Antenna Gain ComparisonAntenna Gain Comparison
Higher gain means stronger (both) sent and received signals; watch for the regulation in your country
Antenna Type Gain Range
Omni Antenna 2~12dBi
Semi-Directive Antenna 5~18dBi
High Gain Antenna 20~40dBi
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Beamwidth and plane field pattern Beamwidth and plane field pattern
HPBW – Half Power Beamwidth ( 3dB )
The beam width is about 65° and the gain is about 9 dBi. (Patch panel example)
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Deployment ConsiderationDeployment Consideration
Matching polarity on both sides
Power Budget – Enough Gain? Low loss?
Free space loss – is the distance achievable?
Site Survey – Use Network Stumbler
Antenna height
Antenna alignment (pointing direction)• Jperf or Chariot is useful!• Use GPS and compass for tuning angle• Check RSSI, bit rate, noise level, throughput…
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Confidential
Antenna PolarityAntenna Polarity
Polarity must match (vertical or horizontal)
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Power BudgetPower Budget
WP II
AP
pigtail cable
Lightning Protector
RF Cable Antenna
WP II
Client
pigtail cable
Lightning Protector
RF CableAntenna
+ Transmit Power
- LOSS Cable/connectors
+ Antenna Gain + Antenna Gain
- LOSS Cable/connectors
RSL (receive signal level) > sensitivity + Fade Margin
- Path Loss over link distance
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Free space LossFree space Loss
Loss of power in free air
Free Space Loss (dB) = 36.56 + 20Log10(Frequency) + 20Log10(Distance in miles)
Lower the frequency for less loss of free space Use 2.4 GHz for long distance!
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Antenna HeightAntenna Height
Antenna height helps to avoid obstacles
Higher Antenna helps LOS (line of sight) and Fresnel Zone
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MOXA Wireless Distance CalculatorMOXA Wireless Distance Calculator
http://www.moxa.com/Event/IW/2009/Industrial_Wireless_Typology/calculator/index.aspx
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Calculated DistanceCalculated Distance
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Antenna Height EstimationAntenna Height Estimation
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Free Space Loss EstimationFree Space Loss Estimation
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Antenna Tilting Angle EstimationAntenna Tilting Angle Estimation
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Flexible and Powerful SolutionsFlexible and Powerful Solutionsfor Long-distance Transmissionfor Long-distance Transmission
Extend your IEEE802.11 applications farther (10-20km)
Protocol-level solution (~10km)
• Communication Parameter adjustment
• High-gain antenna
PHY-level solution (~20km)
• Booster/ Power Amplifier
• High-power RF module
(200/800mW)
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AP Client
Distance
TX
RX
Laptop1Endpoint 1
Laptop2Endpoint 2
Enable 200mW Tx Power
(Default Disable)
Set Distance
Fix Antenna to have higher Performance
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Long Distance Communication TestsLong Distance Communication Tests
5km testing site
10km testing site
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Test ResultsTest Results Distance: 5.3
Km 2.4G Antenna Gain
Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi
Tx 3.758 13.966 17.498
Rx 5.064 12.922 17.574
5G Antenna Gain
Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi
Tx N/A N/A 9.662
Rx N/A N/A 9.508
Distance: 10.11 Km
2.4G Antenna Gain
Throughput (Mbps) 9 dBi 12 dBi 18 dBi
Tx Under Test Under Test 9.715
Rx Under Test Under Test 8.559
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AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions
Turbo RoamingTurbo Roaming
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Roaming/ Reconnection Steps:
RSSI/DR ↓
Disconnection
Scanning
Authentication
Association Done
Non-proprietary vs. Proprietary RoamingNon-proprietary vs. Proprietary Roaming
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Techniques to improve roaming efficiencyTechniques to improve roaming efficiency
1. Separate the APs properly
AP1 AP2
AP1 AP2
Lower the frequency of roaming switch andmake roaming efficient
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2. Unify the channel utilizationAP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=4 Ch=7 Ch=10
AP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=6 Ch=1 Ch=6
AP1 AP2 AP3 AP42Ch=1 Ch=1 Ch=1 Ch=1
Lower the time consumption of dedicated AP searching to make roaming efficient
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High Speed Mobile ClientHigh Speed Mobile Client
470m
60 ~ 70 km/hr100 km/hr
fiber
AP1AP2
Client
enet enetEDS EDS
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Turbo Roaming™ TechnologyTurbo Roaming™ Technologyfor Rapid Handovers within WLANfor Rapid Handovers within WLAN
AWK client supports fast handover, even with a speed up to 100km/hr
Easy-to-use solution• No proprietary protocol or AP needed• One click to enable Turbo Roaming• No performance drop during background scanning
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Deploy APs properly and avoid bug light effect and ping-pong effect site survey and planning
Avoid unnecessary roaming andmake roaming efficient
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2
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5 1
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AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions
Dual RF Redundancy & BridgingDual RF Redundancy & Bridging
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Redundant Wireless LinkRedundant Wireless Link
2.4GHz
[email protected] or 36ch@ 5GHz
(Stand-by)
Dual-RF(as Master)
Dual-RF(as Slave)
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Redundant Wireless LinkRedundant Wireless Link
2.4GHz
[email protected] or 36ch@ 5GHz
(Active)
Dual-RF(as Master)
Dual-RF(as Slave)
The wireless link is recovered, but some packets may be lost…
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Highly Stable and Reliable Wireless NetworkHighly Stable and Reliable Wireless Network – Redundant Dual RF Solution – Redundant Dual RF Solution
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Advanced Redundant Wireless (1)Advanced Redundant Wireless (1)
2.4GHz
[email protected] or 36ch@ 5GHz
(Concurrently used)
Chance for better Throughput
AWK-5222(as Master)
AWK-5222(as Slave)
The wireless link can performquite well in a normal state.
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Advanced Redundant Wireless (2)Advanced Redundant Wireless (2)
2.4GHz
[email protected] or 36ch@ 5GHz
(in use)
AWK-5222(as Master)
AWK-5222(as Slave)
The wireless link remains, and no packet will be lost…
Max throughput for the utilized channel
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Dual RF AWK-5222/6222 Dual RF AWK-5222/6222 – Wireless Redundancy Mode– Wireless Redundancy Mode
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Also supports single RF clientsAlso supports single RF clients
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Dual RF – Wireless Bridge ModeDual RF – Wireless Bridge Mode
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High-performance Wireless Bridging for High-performance Wireless Bridging for NLOS CommunicationNLOS Communication
WLAN1 as slave
WLAN2 as Master
WLAN1 as slave
WLAN2 as Master WLAN1 as slave
WLAN2 as Master
WLAN1 as slave
WLAN2 as Master
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The local clients can be served as well…The local clients can be served as well…
WLAN1 as slave WLAN2 as Master WLAN1 as slave WLAN2 as Master
AWK-3121 (Client mode)
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Bridge Mode – Provide Extra AP Bridge Mode – Provide Extra AP FunctionFunction
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AWK Series Killer FunctionsAWK Series Killer Functions
VLAN & QoSVLAN & QoS
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What is multiple SSID? What is multiple SSID?
An SSID is similar to a wireless LAN port, wherein an SSID serves clients with the same SSID.
An AP with multiple SSIDs can allow clients with different SSIDs to connect to the AP (similar to devices connected to different ports on a switch)
Client SSID = HOME
Client SSID = GUESTAP
SSID1 = HOMESSID2 = GUEST
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Multiple SSID + VLANMultiple SSID + VLAN
Wireless VLAN (802.1Q) can be realized based on SSID grouping.
Client SSID = HOME
Client SSID = GUEST
APSSID1 = HOMESSID2 = GUEST
Client SSID = HOME
Client SSID = GUEST
Wireless VLAN1
Wireless VLAN2
TRUNK
VLAN SW
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Multiple SSID SettingsMultiple SSID Settings
SSID1
SSID2
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VLAN SettingsVLAN Settings
VLAN1
VLAN2
TRUNK
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Why is QoS (quality of service) Why is QoS (quality of service) important?important?
Give priority to strict latency data traffic such as multimedia data (voice > video > best effort > background)
Improve user experience for voice and video streaming applications.
Traffic contention management
The Wi-Fi Alliance started interoperability certification for WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) as a profile of the IEEE 802.11e QoS extensions for 802.11 networks.
Download WMM for WiFi whitepaper from WiFi Alliance:http://www.wi-fi.org/files/wp_1_WMM%20QoS%20In%20Wi-Fi_9-1-04.pdf
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Example: Wi-Fi Multimedia NetworkExample: Wi-Fi Multimedia Network
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WMM Access CategoriesWMM Access Categories
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Example of effect on WMM on a video Example of effect on WMM on a video streamstream
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Enable WMM on AWKEnable WMM on AWK
WMM Enabled
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Confidential
AWK WMM test resultsAWK WMM test resultsWMM Enabled
WMM Disabled
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OnCell Series Killer FunctionsOnCell Series Killer Functions
OnCell Central ManagerOnCell Central Manager
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What is the problem with having What is the problem with having private IPs?private IPs?
Private IPs are hidden from the public domain
If both Host and Modem have private IPs, they will not be able to “see” each other and thus cannot communicate
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OnCell CentralServer
Device Host
Private IP Domain
Public IP Domain
Private IP Domain
Ethernet
Serial
OnCell Device
Ethernet Device
Serial Device
OnCell Central Manager
Issues with Private IPIssues with Private IP
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1
192.168.127.1
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MOXA’s Solution: OnCell CentralMOXA’s Solution: OnCell Central OnCell Central Server allows private IP hosts
and OnCells to communicate with each other.
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OnCell Central Basic IdeaOnCell Central Basic Idea
Host and OnCell both make connection with OnCell Central Server
OnCell Central Server assigns designated ports for Host to connect to Serial and/or Ethernet devices attached to OnCell
OnCell Central Manager allows Host to monitor the connection status of OnCell and devices
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OnCell Central OnCell Central ServerServer
Install OnCell Central Manager
Select Network Connection Interface
Set Control Ports
Set User Ports
STARTUP
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OnCell Device ConfigurationOnCell Device Configuration
Set Ethernet Device
Enable OnCell Central Server
Set Device Settings
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OnCell CentralServer
DeviceHostEthernet
Serial
OnCell Device
Ethernet Device
Serial Device
OnCell Central Manager
TCP Client
TCP Server
Private IP
Public IP
Private IP
Solution:Solution:
Public IP address + Port #
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Connection and management of remote devicesConnection and management of remote devices
Standard TCP/IP socket connectionStandard TCP/IP socket connection
Compatibility with application softwareCompatibility with application software
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OnCell Series Killer FunctionsOnCell Series Killer Functions
Routing FunctionRouting Function
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Ethernet data can be transferred transparently via cellular network to establish remote control of Ethernet devices
LAN routed to InternetLAN routed to Internet
Connection to the internet
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Confidential
NAT Routing FunctionNAT Routing Function
NAT function allows LAN data to be routed onto the public WAN port
OnCell G3100 has NAT automatically enabled
OnCell 5004 has NAT manually enabled
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Virtual Server ModeVirtual Server Mode A virtual server device acts as a server device
on the public domain
The virtual server device port forwards data to the actual physical server
Connection from the internet
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1. Click System Management Misc. Network Settings Virtual Server Settings2. Select TCP3. Enter TCP Client’s (Host) Dest. Port.4. Enter TCP Server’s (Ethernet Device) LAN IP5. Enter TCP Server’s (Ethernet Device) Local Port
6. Check Enable7. Click Submit
2 3
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OnCell’s Virtual Server ModeOnCell’s Virtual Server Mode
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Static RoutingStatic Routing
OnCell 5004 supports static routing
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Thank you for joining MTSC 2009!Thank you for joining MTSC 2009!