msu c2 practice test 1 sb

7MSU-CELP Chapter 1 Grammar you need!P

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1 I wish there wouldn't be any more sickness in the world, but I know to happen. a this is not possible b this is not possible for it

2 My son, like , likes outdoor activities. a most kids b most of the kids

3 Last week I was in a difficult position I had to cook for twenty people. a so that b in that

4 Why don't you have him the washing up? a to do b do

5 You still have to do it you like it or not. a unless b whether

6 I'll join you for a coffee. I still have time. a little b a little

7 I suggest a doctor. a he see b he seeing

8 Beans are easy . a to cook b to be cooking

9 She became an American citizen her marriage to an American. a by virtue of b in view of

10 This university has a good business program many others. a on the contrary b unlike

11 This coffee is to drink. a quite too hot b much too hot

12 Millionaires worry about rising prices and inflation. a mustn't b needn't

13 Last night I was too tired to do anything to bed. a but go b but to go

14 Her short-hand was for me to hire her. a well enough b good enough

15 I don't want a misunderstanding between us. a to be b there to be

Grammar you need!

Choose the alternative that best fits each statement.

Chapter 1

8MSU-CELP Chapter 1 Vocabulary in ActionP

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Vocabulary in Action

accomplished very good at something His wife is an accomplished cook.consummate perfect or complete He's a consummate liar.

retain keep something, especially desirable or useful They were fighting to retain their independence.restrain control, especially behavior or feelings I could hardly restrain my anger.

rigorous thorough, hard and strict Commandos go through rigorous training.vigorous energetic or powerful He is a vigorous advocate of world peace.

defer delay doing something Payment will be deferred till next week.deter discourage Peter was not deterred by the difficulty of the exam.

detain officially make someone stay at a place The police detained him for further questioning. refrain stop deliberately from doing something or avoid doing something Please refrain from smoking.

contagious (of a disease) spread by touch Scarlet fever is contagious.contiguous (of property) be next to or touch each other These houses are contiguous.

daunt discourage someone from doing something by causing fear or worry They were daunted by the huge amount of work they had to do.taunt make unkind or insulting remarks about someone's weaknesses or failures He was taunted by other children about his weight.

commend praise someone formally She was highly commended for her courage.comment make a remark or give an opinion The Minister refused to comment on the new austerity measures.

entreat beg someone humbly He entreated her to forgive him. retreat move away or give up one's position, especially because of embarrassment or defeat The army was forced to retreat.

abide (by) follow and obey, especially rules, agreements or the law The two countries solemnly declared that they would abide by the agreement.abate (of weather) become less severe or strong They were able to set sail when the storm abated.

Study the definitions of the pairs of words carefully and then choose the correct alterna-

tive in the sentences that follow.

9MSU-CELP Chapter 1 Vocabulary in ActionP

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1 Though advanced in age, he still many of his faculties.

a retains b detains

2 They are a family of snobs.

a accomplished b consummate

3 I carefully from looking at her.

a restrained b refrained

4 Malaria is a disease.

a contagious b contiguous

5 His effort, though futile, is still to be .

a commented b commended

6 The punishment didn't him from committing the same offense again.

a defer b deter

7 John Mary's friend about being a coward.

a taunted b daunted

8 There is a large cottage with my property.

a contiguous b contagious

9 All cars are given safety tests before they are placed on the market.

a rigorous b vigorous

10 I couldn't myself from laughing.

a restrain b retain

11 I think they are deliberately making a decision.

a deferring b deterring

12 He was not by the perils he was met with.

a daunted b taunted

13 Stir the paint before you apply it on a surface.

a rigorous b vigorously

14 The whole army is .

a entreating b retreating

15 The police are expected to enforce the law and the citizens to the law.

a abide by b abate

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MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 Writing SectionP

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INSTRUCTIONS:

For this section of the test, a proctor will give you a special answer form. Make sure that your name appears

correctly on the front of the form. Using a Number 2 pencil ONLY, write as much as you can, as well as you can,

in an original, 35-minute composition on ONE of the two topics below.

Contemporary Life

1. The internet has changed our lives in many ways. We can now communicate instantly with friends all overthe world, find out information about anything we could imagine, shop at home, or even open a business on the

internet. Many people think these changes are good, but others think the internet poses dangers. The people

we meet on line may not be who they say they are, the products we buy may not be as advertised, we may not

have as much time for our local friends and family and the information we find out could very well be wrong.

Which side of this argument do you agree with? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and explanations.

OR

2. These days, it is difficult for a family to make ends meet on just one income. As a result, most children havetwo parents who work, and are cared for by other relatives or spend time in daycare. Is this a satisfactory

arrangement for a child or do young children need the full time care of one of their parents? What is your opin-

ion about this issue? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and explanations.

Practice Test 1

Think About It, Write About it!MSU-CELP PRACTICE Test of English Writing Ability

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MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 Listening SectionP

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This section of the test is designed to assess your listening abilities. You should have thefollowing items in front

of you: a test answer sheet, a test booklet, and a Number 2 pencil. If you do not have these items, raise your

hand, and a test proctor will assist you.

INSTRUCTIONS:

This listening section has three parts: Part 1 consists of several short conversations and Part 2 has longer

conversations. Part 3 contains a presentation and an extended dialogue.

There are 40 questions on this listening test. For each question, choose the ONE BEST answer.

Find the letter on the answer sheet that corresponds to the answer you have chosen. Use your pencil to

completely fill in the circle for your answer.

If you are not sure of the answer, take your best guess. Unanswered items will be scored as incorrect.

You are allowed to take notes in this test booklet.

Part 1: Short ConversationsFor each question in your test booklet, you will hear a short conversation. The conversation

has a short title to tell you what it is about. Listen to the conversation and choose the letter

of the choice that best answers the question that appears in your test booklet. You will not

hear the question; you will see it and read it. You will read it quietly to yourself. Use your

pencil to mark your answer on your answer sheet. You are allowed to take notes in the test

booklet.

Example X: Watching an eclipseWhich of the following is true?

a. The woman is not interested in the eclipse.b. The woman can not stay up late.c. The woman had heard about the eclipse before.

Upset with a friend1. What does the man think about the situation?

a. The woman needs new friends.b. Tina has acted very badly.c. Theres been a misunderstanding.

Surprise Party2. What is going to surprise Beth?

a. going to the restaurantb. having a house partyc. having a live band at her party

Listen to this!MSU-CELP PRACTICE Test of English Listening Ability

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1Disappointing audition3. Why does the woman think she wont get the role?

a. She was late for her appointment.b. They already knew who they would hire.c. She did a poor job during her audition.

Sunny disposition 4. What is the man surprised about?

a. that Lisa has had a hard lifeb. that Lisa was unkind to someonec. that the woman agrees with him

The road to the summit5. What information does the woman give the man?

a. It is snowing at the summit.b. There is a road to the summitc. The road may not be open.

Food shopping6. The man and woman both want to

a. buy vegetables.b. walk around the farmers market.c. visit the bread shop.

Recycling7. The man thinks that the woman

a. has a good point.b. is impolite.c. is misinformed.

New use for a security camera8. What is the womans first reaction?

a. She thinks its a ridiculous idea.b. She is concerned about the security of the mans house.c. She doesnt understand what shes looking at.

Part 2: Longer ConversationsIn this section you will hear a few longer conversations. After each conversation you will read between 3 and 5

questions. Listen to each conversation and answer the questions that appear in your test booklet.

Problems in biology laboratory class9. In the future, Veronica wants to be ........................... .

a. more sociableb. a biology teacherc. a doctor

10. The boy in Veronicas lab group ......................... .a. is a doctorb. wants to do all the work himself.c. thinks she does things incorrectly.

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11. What is true about Sophie?a. She is not paying attention in class.b. She talks to Veronica all the time.c. She tries to understand but she cant.

12. How would Veronica prefer to work?a. at homeb. with one other person onlyc. by herself

13. Veronica thinks that her lab partners .......................... .a. need her to stay in the groupb. would do better if she changed groups.c. are trying to upset her.

In the university bookstore14. The man couldnt find the book because ........................... .

a. he was looking in the wrong placeb. it was not in stockc. he was looking in the used books section

15. What surprised the man?a. The book was very big.b. The book cost a lot of money.c. There was a paperback version.

16.The woman suggested ........................... .a. buying the book with a credit cardb. using the book in the library c. buying the book instead of going out

Discussion after an unusual class17. How did Maria feel about the class?

a. She thought it was really very good.b. She thought it was unusual.c. She thought it was boring.

18. Will Maria remember the content of the class?a. She will definitely remember.b. She will probably remember some of it.c. She doubts that she will remember much.

19. Mr. Gordon is delighted when his students ...................... .a. are puzzledb. agree with himc. understand

20. Both Josh and Maria agree that .......................... .a. the class was really fantasticb. Mr. Gordon was too slow making his pointc. laughing is good

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But is it Art?21. We are told that the man in the gorilla suit is ............................ .

a. an artistb. largec. lonely

22. Why did the writer mention the changing of the guard?a. To give an example of something eccentric.b. To explain why the Italians were there.c. To point out that it also involves animals.

23. When he looks at the gorilla, the writer .............................. . a. is not sure what the message isb. understands that it is a statement about extinctionc. thinks that the costume was not planned

24. After being on the plinth, it is implied that the man in the gorilla suit .................... .a. felt a little sadb. must rush back to workc. felt relieved

25. How did the TV reporter feel about Gormleys project?a. He felt skeptical.b. He felt a lot of enthusiasm.c. He was fascinated

26. When Gormley was asked is it art he was .............................. .a. taken aback by the questionb. able to explain everything clearlyc. prepared for the question

27. The writer believes the art question ................................ .a. should never be askedb. has already been answeredc. is an important part of art

28.The writer feels that people who ask the art question ................................ .a. have not paid attentionb. are not intelligentc. are depressed

29. According to the writer, the purpose of art is to ................................ .a. inspire peopleb. impress peoplec. puzzle people

30. Which of the following best describes the writers style?a. Its humorous and a bit sarcastic.b. Its factual and unbiased.c. It is negative and suspicious.

Part 3: Extended DiscourseIn this section you will hear a presentation and an extended dialogue. You will listen to each twice, and then

you will answer several questions.

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Discussion over lunch: jobs31.What in the mans life is going well right now?

a. his dissertationb. his jobc. his internship

32. What is the man frustrated by?a. He doesnt know what to write about for his dissertation.b. He doesnt have time to write his dissertation.c. His dissertation is making him exhausted.

33. The man is spending most of his time ........................... .a. in classesb. working on his dissertationc. working in the shop

34. What bad thing happened to the mans employers?a. someone retiredb. they could not find anyone to hirec. someone stole from them

35. The mans attitude towards his employers is .............................. .a. fearfulb. resentfulc. sympathetic

36. The woman is ................................... .a. working in an ice cream parlorb. not working right nowc. doing an internship

37. How does the woman feel about the sacrifices she has to make? a. She can put up with them for a few months.b. She doesnt mind them at all.c. They are making her life too difficult.

38. What is the womans advice to the man?a. He should quit his job.b. He should communicate with his employers.c. He should try to find an internship that he can learn from.

39. The woman is having a hard time understanding ....................... .a. why the man is unhappyb. why the man is working so muchc. what the man hopes to do in the future

40. What is not completely clear to the man?a. whether he is happy or notb. whether the woman is right or wrongc. whether his employers are his friends

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41 'Did you like the new play?'

'No, it didn't my expectations.'

a live up to

b fall short of

c come up with

d go down with

42 He was supposed to meet me at the station,

but he .

a wasn't

b don't

c didn't

d wouldn't.

43 'Do you expect him to come?'

'I don't, but if he turn up, tell him

to wait.'

a should

b would

c may

d might

44 'We can't drive there. The car's broken down.'

'All to have some exercise on foot.'

a the best

b the better for

c the better

d the best of all

45 'You didn't go to Jane's party after all, did you?'

'No, I didn't, but I'd rather .'

a go

b have gone

c went

d had gone

46 That she rose so high so fast must be

ascribed her hard work.

a of

b in

c at

d to

47 'Do radar and sonar work on the same

principle?' 'No, radar employs radio waves

sonar uses sound waves.'

a therefore

b although

c provided

d whereas

48 'So, you retire next year?'

'Yes, I for twenty five years by then.'

a am teaching

b will be teaching

c will teach

d will have been teaching

49 Your English is good but his is better.

a far

b very

c too

d not

50 This castle is said to .

a have haunted

b be haunted

c being haunted

d having been haunted

MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 Grammar

Grammar You Can Use!MSU-CELP PRACTICE Test of English Grammar

INSTRUCTIONS:This English grammar test has 40 questions. You have 20 minutes to answer all 40 questions. For each question, choose theONE BEST answer. Find the letter on the answer sheet that corresponds to the answer you have chosen. Use your pencil tocompletely fill in the circle for your answer. If you are not sure of the answer, take your best guess. Unanswered items will bescored as incorrect. You are allowed to write in the test booklet.

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51 'Will you come to my birthday party?'

' I not be able to, I'll give you a call.'

a If

b In case

c Would

d Should

52 'She gave a brilliant performance.'

'You're right. I .'

a didn't think so

b thought as much

c thought that

d thought much of it

53 'Why does your car keep stalling so often?'

' to be something wrong with the engine.'

a There seems

b It seems

c That seems

d As it seems

54 I haven't made up my mind yet

whether this is the right job for me.

a as of

b as to

c as if

d as for

55 We won't know the winners of the prizes until

all the tickets out.

a were sold

b having sold

c have been sold

d are being sold

56 'Did you all go in the same car?'

'Yes of us.'

a each one

b everyone

c every one

d every all

57 'I'll speak to him straight from the shoulder.'

'You . He's stronger than you.'

a had better not

b would better not

c had rather not

d better had not

58 'Would you like to dine out with me tonight?'

'I would .'

a like

b love

c love to

d not

59 'Did you go for an outing yesterday?'

'Oh, no! It was dreadful weather.'

a so

b such

c such a

d so a

60 We had a narrow escape. If Jack had been

driving any faster, we .

a would be killed

b could have killed

c must have been killed

d might have been killed

MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 Grammar

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MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 GrammarP

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61 'Shall we go out?'

' it rains, of course.'

a Provided

b If

c Unless

d So long as

62 'It is rumored that new taxes will be levied.'

' , there will be a public outcry.'

a If so

b Supposing

c Even so

d In case

63 'Would you like to go home now?'

'I as well; my work is done.'

a might

b should

c could

d had to

64 I was by now but the candidates are

apparently asked too many questions.

a to examine

b to be examined

c to being examined

d to have been examined

65 'I hear her party was not much of a success.'

'Yes, there were people there.'

a so few

b so a few

c such a few

d such few

66 He might be a bit slow on the job, but I'm

sure he's trying to do the best he .

a would

b will

c can

d should

67 'Did they plead guilty at court?'

'They did declare their innocence.'

a other than

b anything but

c nothing but

d except for

68 'Did the manager promise you a raise?'

'Yes, he committed himself it

some time ago.'

a to

b on

c at

d in

69 Mr. Peters had been with us for ten years

and the firm displeased us all.

a quitting

b his quitting

c for quitting

d having been quit

70 'My daughter got top marks in all her

subjects.'

'I can't say the same for mine .'

a though

b neither

c either

d also

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MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 GrammarP

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71 Jack asked Beth if she on

leaving early.

a plans

b is planning

c was planning

d will plan

72 'Is this the book you're looking for?'

'Yes, that the one.'

a was

b must

c must be

d must have been

73 'Which of these boys stole the school

drum?'

'The one has just gone out.'

a whom

b which

c whose

d that

74 'Were you taken on staff?'

' my regret, my application

was turned down.'

a To

b For

c In

d At

75 Samantha hadn't studied very hard

she did quite well in her finals.

a and still

b and yet

c as yet

d so that

76 'There is no ham left in the fridge.'

'I know. Joe ate what ham eft.'

a there was

b it was

c that was

d was there

77 'Do you think there is life on Mars?'

' life, there must be air and water.'

a For being any

b For there to be

c In order to be

d Unless there is

78 Who for the increase in criminality?

a should blame

b can't be blamed

c had to be blamed

d is to blame

79 'Mr. Drake has just handed in his

resignation.' 'It's a pity that he

do a thing like that.'

a would

b might

c should

d ought

80 'This machine won't start.'

'Well, if it doesn't work, it a kick.'

a try to give

b try giving

c should you try to give

d you had better try to give

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MSU-CELP Practice Test 1 Reading SectionP

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INSTRUCTIONS: This reading test has four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions.

You have 55 minutes to answer all 40 questions.

For each question, choose the ONE BEST answer.

Find the letter on the answer sheet that corresponds to the answer you have chosen. Use your pencil to completely fill

in the circle for your answer.

If you are not sure of the answer, take your best guess. Unanswered items will be scored as incorrect.

You are allowed to write in the test booklet.

TEXT 1 A New Form of AdvertisingImagine that you are taking a class in Media Studies. This week you are studying advertising in different forms of

media. Your instructor brought in this newspaper article to share with the class.

Read About It!MSU-CELP PRACTICE Test English Reading Ability

A new form of advertising has been born on the internet, and it is called behavioral advertising. Be-

havioral advertising involves the practice of tracking consumers online, to find out personal details such

as if they vote, if they are on a low income or a high income, where they travel, and what they like to

read. This can allow advertisers to target their ads to an individual web user, making their efforts more

effective. 11 However, not everyone is a fan. A powerful alliance of privacy and consumer groups have

likened behavioral advertising to "being followed by an invisible stalker."

Concern is growing that behavioral advertising my violate users privacy. There is a call for the gov-

ernment to allow consumers to "opt in" rather than "opt out" of such advertising models. This means

people will have to give their permission before any data is collected, rather than having data collected

unless they somehow decline permission which is usually how things are done currently. It will also

seek to ensure no data is collected around financial or health matters. The key, many say, is trans-

parency. "An individual's data belongs to them and before these companies track you all over the inter-

net, they need to be transparent about what they are doing and how they intend to use that

information," said John Simpson, consumer advocate with the Consumer Watchdog. 22 Indeed, most

users are currently being tracked, often without even realizing, since Yahoo, Microsoft and Google all

already use targeted online advertisements.

The advocates of behavioral advertising say these fears are unfounded. The vast majority of what

happens online is truly anonymous and all marketers and publishers are trying to do is deliver an ad that

has some relevancy to the person viewing it at a certain time," says Mike Zaneis, vice president of pub-

lic policy for the Interactive Advertising Bureau. 33 While Mr. Zaneis agreed more has to be done to

educate consumers about the issue, he also warned that pushing for a blanket "opt in" measure would

be disastrous. "A broad 'opt in' would be a sea change and it would be a recipe for disaster. It would kill

the goose laying the golden egg; the goose being the internet and the golden egg being the free content

and services that consumers enjoy. With a required opt-in, that would be diminished," said Mr. Zaneis.

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81.What is unique about behavioral advertising?a. It targets ads to individual users.b. It takes place on the internet.c. It requires web users to opt-in.d. It is popular with everyone.

82. At this time, under what circumstances is personal data collected?a. It is never collected.b. It is collected only when permission is given.c. It is collected unless permission is denied.d. It is always collected.

83.What kind of information is considered unacceptable to collect?a. information about identityb. information about web usec. information about healthd. information about age

84. Consumer Watchdog organizations say it is important that companies .................... .a. reveal how they use the information they collect.b. only collect information that belongs to them.c. collect information anonymously.d. stop collecting information altogether

85.Why do some say that people dont need to be worried about behavioral advertising?a. because it is really quite rarely usedb. because consumers are not yet educatedc. because users can already opt-in if they want tod. because it is anonymous

86. At which point in the passage would the following sentence best fit?"The beautiful thing is they don't have to click on that advert, or pay attention to it or do anything at all."a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

87. In line 18 what is the meaning of the word advocate?a. someone who disagrees with somethingb. someone who supports somethingc. someone who invented somethingd. someone who studies something

88. In line 23, what does the phrase sea change most likely mean?a. a complete and total changeb. a very successful changec. an unexpected changed. a change that does not happen on land

89. Mr. Zaneis feels that a required opt-in would make the internet .................... .a. even more costlyb. stop working altogetherc. less useful for everyoned. far more profitable

90.Which sentence best summarizes the meaning of this passage?a. Behavioral advertising is a new threat facing web users.b. Behavioral advertising must be strictly regulated so that it does not cause harm.c. Benefits for site owners, advertisers and web users support behavioral advertising.d. There are contentious views about the value of behavioral advertising.

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Greenland isn't just a huge ice-covered island. It is also a crucial factor in how global warming may re-

shape the world. If all the ice and snow on Greenland were to melt, the oceans would rise 20 feet. Say

goodbye to Miami and big chunks of Florida and Louisiana. Parts of Brooklyn and Manhattan would also

be submerged. Hundreds of millions of people would be displaced in Bangladesh.

So how fast is Greenland melting? 11 To figure that out scientists recently began clocking the speed

at which ice sheets are sliding to the sea, and have shown that the speed has increased. They already

knew, from observations and calculations, that Greenland's ice is gradually shrinking simply from melt-

ing. That process is slow; however, if the glaciers are sliding faster to the sea, the loss of ice could be

more rapid. While poring over satellite images, researchers noticed that large lakes form on the sur-

face of the glaciers during the summer. Those lakes then suddenly disappear. Do the lakes simply drain

into rivers on the surface? Or, might the water generate enough pressure to crack the 3,000-foot-thick

ice all the way to bedrock, pouring down through the ice? 22

A team led by Sarah Das and Ian Joughin of the University of Washington set out to find the answer.

They flew to an area of glaciers with lakes, and installed an array of instruments. They put sensors in a

lake 2 miles wide to measure the changes in the amount of water it held. They deployed seismome-

ters to detect rumbles in the ice, and put global-positioning units on the ice to chart its movement. 33

They left the instruments in place when they left the study area, and waited.

It wasn't a long wait. "The lake drained about 10 days after we were there," Das says. When they

went back, gathered up the instruments, and began to look at the data, it was clear that the crack the-

ory was correct. The water had rushed down to the bedrock, spread out under the ice, and raised the

huge ice sheet by more than three feet. But there was a also a surprise: It happened in a relative flash.

"The entire lake drained in about two hours," says Das. "It was a much more catastrophic drainage than

we expected." The volume of water flowing down to bedrock matched the torrent over Niagara Falls.

That realization led the team to ditch plans to explore other, still-intact lakes aboard a rub-

ber boat. "We decided we'd leave the boat in its crate," laughs Das.

The data also showed that as the water flowed underneath it, the glacier did indeed speed up, dou-

bling its velocity. 44 That doesn't mean Greenland's ice is about to fall into the sea, since the glaciers

move slowly to begin with. But it does mean that the ice will disappear faster than just from melting

alone, cutting the time from thousands of years to hundreds. The survival of the ice sheet now seems a

bit more tenuous. So go ahead and buy that beachfront property, but don't expect it to still be above

water for many generations to come.

TEXT 2 The Melting of Greenlands Ice As part of a class at school, you have to write an essay on the effects of global warming. This is one of the arti-

cles your teacher has provided as background reading for your assignment. Read it and answer the questions

that follow.

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91. Greenlands role in global warming ........................ .a. is very importantb. is still debatedc. is insignificantd. has some minor importance

92.Which fact did the scientists know first?a. The ice is sliding more quickly into the seab. The ice is gradually melting.c. The lakes disappear under the ice.d. Lakes form on the ice in the summer.

93.What is the significance of the ice sheets rapid movement?a. Researchers can estimate when the ice will melt.b. It means the melting will be slower.c. It means the melting will be faster.d. No one knew the ice moved before.

94. The phrase poring over on line 10 is closest in meaning to ..................... .a. glancing at brieflyb. examining carefullyc. disregardingd. tidying up

95.What was mysterious about the large lakes on the ice?a. how they formedb. where they wentc. why they lasted so longd. how to locate them

96.What is true about Das and Joughins study?a. They did not need to remain at the study site.b. Their equipment required maintenance.c. It was extremely dangerous.d. They had to be very patient to get the results.

97. In lines 27 to 28 the author writes: That realization led the team to ditch plans to explore other, still-intact lakes aboard a rubber boat. "We decided we'd leave the boat in its crate," laughs Das.The author is implying that ....................... .a. their boat was damaged when the lake drainedb. it was no longer necessary to explore because the answer was foundc. boat exploration suddenly seemed very dangerous d. they understood that they needed a different sort of boat

98. At which point in the passage would the following sentence best fit?Might that cause its movement to speed up?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

99. The word tenuous in line 34 is closest in meaning to .................... .a. clearb. riskyc. strongd. doubtful

100.What is the authors view on the melting of Greenlands ice?a. It will be a serious problem in the future.b. It will not effect us for many many generations.c. It is not as serious a problem as most people thinkd. No one knows much about what will happen.

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So your home-owning friends are into composting. They are reaping the benefits of rich black soil

that they can use to improve their gardens, and proudly pointing out what they are doing for the envi-

ronment at the same time! Meanwhile you are living in an apartment with no garden, and so have to

put your kitchen scraps in the garbage each week, whether you like it or not. What can you do?

The answer is simple; you can compost too. Outdoors or indoors, anyone can make compost. If you

don't have a garden, a small space in the garage will do, or on the balcony, or even under the kitchen

sink.

Apartment dwelling does mean close proximity to others, so you will, of course, want to take special

care not to cause odor, insect or drainage problems that will offend your neighbors. If you do it cor-

rectly, your compost will not smell, attract flies, or otherwise be a nuisance.

And once you get started, you will find there are many advantages. Composting your kitchen scraps

helps the environment by reducing the amount of garbage you produce thus saving landfill space, and

gives you a supply of clean organic soil to grow your own healthy vegetables and herbs -- and you don't

need a garden for that either. You can grow them in containers on your balcony or window ledge.

For balcony composting, try using a 10-20 gallon metal or plastic garbage can. Punch holes in the

base, sides and lid using a hammer and large nail so that air can circulate. Raise the can on bricks and

place a tray underneath to catch any excess moisture. Line the bottom of the can with a three-inch

layer of finished compost, soil, shredded leaves, newspaper or cardboard; then you can start adding

your organic kitchen scraps such as fruit and veggie peelings, tea leaves and coffee grounds, shredding

the material finely to speed the process. Remember, no meat and no dairy products!

By themselves, kitchen scraps are too wet to compost -- the moisture content averages 85%, and

compost should be not more than 65%. So you need dry materials to mix in. 11 This can be straw,

dead leaves, strips of newspaper, cardboard or cartons, or a mixture. You can also use sawdust. Each

time you add kitchen scraps you should also add an equal amount of brown or dry material. This will

counteract any excess moisture problems and provide an efficient carbon/nitrogen ratio.

Because your composting bin will be smaller than a regular compost pile, it might suffer from a lack

of heat, so, if possible, stand it close to the building wall, or where it will get a few hours of sunshine

every day. 22 Finally, aerate the pile by turning it frequently, and add soil occasionallythe microor-

ganisms in soil are necessary for the decomposition process.

Actually it is a good idea to have two containers -- when the first one's full and processing, you start

filling the second one, and by the time that is full, the compost in the first one is ready for use and can

be emptied out.

33 Empty your bin, and start afresh with a new base, putting back any material from the first batch

which has not properly decomposed. Use the soil for your favorite house plants, or try balcony garden-

ing. Tomatoes, peppers and suchlike grow nicely in pots, and you can savor the unmatched flavor of

your very own homegrown veggies. 44

TEXT 3 Apartment CompostingYou are at a friends house, flipping through a magazine called Ecological Living. This article catches your atten-

tion because you live in an apartment, so you read it. After reading it, answer the questions that follow.

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101. One can infer that the author thinks most apartment dwellers ....................... .a. are not interested in compostingb. would find it very difficult to compost correctlyc. already compost their kitchen scrapsd. believe that they cannot make compost

102. What must you take special care about when composting in an apartment?a. how to hide the compostb. how not to annoy your neighborsc. what sort of foods you can compost in a small spaced. what you might do with the finished soil

103. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word scraps in line 11?a. pieces of paperb. unwanted leftoversc. ready-made mealsd. uncooked food

104. What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of composting?a. Less garbage goes into landfills.b. You pay less for garbage disposal.c. You can make your own organic soil.d. You can grow vegetables with the soil you make.

105. What is the first thing you should put inside the can?a. coffee groundsb. shredded kitchen scrapsc. vegetable peelingsd. finished compost or soil

106. Why should you shred your kitchen scraps before composting?a. It lowers the moisture content.b. It makes composting faster.c. They will have less smell.d. You can fit more in your compost bin.

107. What is the ideal moisture content for compost?a. less than 65%b. more than 65%c. around 85%d. it doesnt really matter

108. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase a lack in line 26?a. an abundanceb. a supplyc. a lossd. a deficiency

109. At which of the highlighted, numbers points in the text should the following sentence be inserted? All being well, you will have soil to harvest in four to six months.a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4

110. One can infer from the passage that ..................... .a. composting is always challenging, wherever you live.b. composting is worthwhile for apartment dwellers.c. composting requires a great deal of patience.d. composting can be quite smelly.

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Google Earth is a virtual globe, map and geographic information program that is changing the way we

view the world. It displays satellite images, of varying resolution, of the Earth's surface, allowing users

to visually see things like cities and houses looking perpendicularly down or at an oblique angle, with

perspective. The degree of resolution available is based somewhat on the points of interest and popu-

larity, but most land masses, except for some islands, are covered in at least 15 meters of resolution.

Melbourne, Victoria; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Cambridge, Cambridgeshire include examples of the

highest resolution, at 15 cm.

Google Earth allows users to explore the earth in several different ways. You can search for ad-

dresses for some countries, enter coordinates, or simply use the mouse to browse to a location. Or,

you can fly a plane, since Google Earth also includes a flight simulator. Currently the F-16 Fighting Fal-

con and the Cirrus SR-22 are the only aircraft that can be used. Fly time is not very accelerated, as it

takes the F-16 at highest speed at least 60 minutes to fly from coast-to-coast in the US. The simulator

features the ability to fly to any supported locations in the world. The pilot can choose any location to

start a flight, and can attempt to land a flight on any level surface in the world, including under the

ocean.

Google Earth also has many other features and layers that offer all kinds of information. A high resolu-

tion view of Victoria Crater on Mars is available using the Mars feature on Google Earth. Google Moon

allows users to navigate over the surface of the moon, and Google Sky allows users to view stars and

other celestial bodies. At the other extreme, the Google Ocean feature allows users to zoom far

below the surface of the ocean and view the ocean floor in 3D. Google Street View provides 360

panoramic street-level views and allows users to view parts of selected cities and their surrounding

metropolitan areas at ground level, and recently, Google added a feature that allows users to monitor

traffic speeds at loops located every 200 yards in real-time, with green indicators used for good traffic

conditions, yellow for slower speeds, and red for poor traffic conditions.

This program seems to be inspired, at least partially, by science fiction. Google Earth interface bears a

noted similarity to the Earth program described in Neal Stephensons sci-fi classic Snow Crash. Indeed,

a Google Earth co-founder claimed that Google Earth was modeled after Snow Crash, while another

co-founder said it was inspired by the short science education film Powers of Ten. Google Earth was also

at least partly inspired by a Silicon Graphics demo called "From Space to in Your Face" which zoomed

from space into the Swiss Alps then into the Matterhorn.

Google Earth has been criticized by a number of special interest groups, including national officials, as

being an invasion of privacy and even posing a threat to national security. The typical argument is that

the software provides information about military or other critical installations that could be used by ter-

rorists. For example, former Indian president APJ Abdul Kalam has expressed concern over the avail-

ability of high-resolution pictures of sensitive locations in India, and Google subsequently agreed to

censor such sites. Operators of the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor in Sydney also asked Google to cen-

sor high resolution pictures of the facility. However, they later withdrew the request. Morocco's main

Internet provider Maroc Telecom has been blocking Google Earth since August 2006 for undisclosed

reasons.

On the other hand, other people have expressed concern over the willingness of Google to cripple

their dataset to cater to special interests, believing that intentionally obscuring any land goes against its

stated goal of letting the user "point and zoom to any place on the planet that you want to explore".

TEXT 4 A Virtual EarthYou are an editor for your school newspaper. A student has written an essay on the computer program Google

Earth and submitted it for publication in your technology section, and you must decide whether to publish it or

not. Read the essay and then answer the questions that follow.

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111. According to the first paragraph we can infer that ....................... . a. There is no place on earth with resolution less that 15 meters.b. There is higher resolution in Europe than in the USA.c.Melbourne is a place that many are interested in looking at.d. It is difficult to see details when looking at Las Vegas.

112. In what way is the flight simulator particularly unrealistic?a. You may land a plane in impossible places.b. You may travel much faster than you could in reality.c. You can crash more easily using the simulator.d. You may take off and land in mountainous regions.

113. What is implied about the kind of information available on Google Earth?a. There is a lot, and it is varied.b. It all relates to the geography of earth.c. The information is predominantly about urban centers.d. Some is more interesting than the other.

114. Which word in the passage best characterizes the relationship between science fiction and Google Earth?a. similarityb. coincidencec. educationd. inspiration

115. Which phrase is closest in meaning to the phrase posing a threat in line 36?a. protecting from dangerb. intimidatingc. causing dangerd. pretending to harm

116. What is Google Earths typical reaction to complaints from governments about security?a. Responsibility is denied.b. The governments are reassured of their safety.c. An explanation of Google Earths goals is offered.d. The offending information is removed.

117. For those living in Morocco, which of the following is accurate?a. You can probably not access Google Earth.b. You will be considered a terrorist for using Google Earth. c. You may use Google Earth, but your country will be missing.d. There are no internet facilities.

118. Which word is closest in meaning to the word to cripple in line 45?a. to lessenb. to damagec. to complicated. to fine-tune

119. What kind of tone does the author adopt in the essay?a. a persuasive toneb. a factual tonec. a skeptical toned. an enthusiastic tone

120. Which of the following best characterizes the authors opinion about Google Earth?a. It is an interesting program that makes a lot of information available.b. It was a bad idea and puts some countries at risk.c. It is a program with potential although it currently faces serious problems.d. Unless you are a scientist, it is a program that probably wont interest you.

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