mse607b chapter 4 engineering design methods and...
TRANSCRIPT
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Engineering
Management
Systems EngineeringManagement
MSE607BChapter 4
Engineering Design Methods and Tools
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Learning Objectives
Briefly highlight some of the recent concepts in design• Conventional design practices
• Analytical methods
The role of • Electric Commerce (EC)
• Information Technology (IT)
• The Internet
Current Design Technologies and Tools• Simulation
• Rapid Prototyping
• Mock-ups
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Aided Support (CAS)
Discuss system engineering• Objectives as they relate to current design methods
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Conventional Design Practices
System development projects include three major
steps:
• Conceptual design
• Preliminary design
• Detail design and development
Level of effort and duration vary
Prime objective:
• Design system to meet consumer need
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System Engineering Within the Acquisition Process
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Basic Design Sequence
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Basic Design Sequence (cont.)
Definition accomplished through documentation
• Plans and specifications
• Procedures, drawings,
• Materials and parts lists
• Reports and analysis,
• Computerized databases, and so on.
Review and approval
• Before moving to the next step
Documentation ensures that others can
• Understand what is being conveyed
• Translate the output into a producible entity
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Documentation
Design Drawings
• Assembly drawings
• Specification control drawings
• Construction drawings
• Installation drawings
Materials and parts lists
• Parts list
• Materials list
• Bulk item list, etc.
Analysis reports
• Trade off study reports
• Finite element reports
• Reliability reports
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Analytical Methods
Probability theory and analysis models
• Uniform
• Binomial
• Poisson
• Exponential
• Normal, etc.
Economic analysis
• Break-even
• Life-cycle cost
Optimization methods
Queuing theory and analysis
• Monte Carlo
Control concepts and techniques
• SPC
• TQM
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Electronic Commerce
• Grown to include all aspects of business
and market processes enabled by the
Internet and WWW technologies
Information Technology
• The infrastructure fostering the integration
of all the mechanisms for transmitting
information and data
Internet
• A network of networks and a connecting vehicle
for all who have access to a computer
The Role of Electronic Commerce (EC), Info. Tech. (IT), and The Internet
Revolutionized and enhanced day-to-day operations
and methods of doing business
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The Role of Electronic Commerce (EC), Info. Tech. (IT), and The Internet (cont.)
Benefits:
• Communication processes
• Data processing
• Data storage and retrieval
In design area:
• Greater productivity in less time
• Networks or customers, contractors, and suppliers
• Quick data distribution, review and feedback
In business process:• Business-to-business e-commerce
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
• Purchasing and marketing-related activities
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Internet Growth Trends
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The Internet And Other Electronic Communication
Internet
Intranet
Instant messaging
Video conferencing
Virtual teaming
Document management
E-learning
E-government
E-commerce
Business-to-business
Business-to-customer
Website design
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Current Design Technologies and Tools
With advancement of computer technology, new tools and techniques have been developed and adapted
Mainframe computers
Personal computers
Software packages
Computer models
Provided engineers with wide variety of tools to enhance productivity
• Word processors
• Graphics packages
• Spreadsheets
• Database management packages
• Analysis routines
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Advantages of Current Design Technologies and Tools
Personal computers (PCs) networks
• Excellent data communication network
• Design data exchange
• Reducing system development time
Versatility and variety of software packages/models
• Many new tools – such as simulation, 3-D, and mathematical/statistical models
• More in-depth analysis
• Evaluation of design alternatives
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Advantages of Current Design Technologies and Tools (cont.)
Data handling capabilities:
• Acquisition, processing, storage and retrieval
• Easier and in less time than before, allowing to
capture design information on drawings
• Generation and distribution of parts/materials
• Automatically produce reports and Technical
publications
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Why Simulate?
Common with the availability of quality tools that fit seamlessly with design tools
Important with faster operational speeds and higher density requirements
Makes it possible to make design changes without costly re-spins and difficult lab work-around
Design can be fabricated assuring performance
Saves both cost and schedule
Improves reliability and quality
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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The Use of Simulation
Simulation Definition:
• The process of designing and utilizing an operational model of a system to conduct experiments for understanding and evaluation of
• Alternative strategies and/or
• System design configuration
Particularly appropriate in the early stages of the system development
Examples:
• Airplane and its components
• Aircraft cockpit with crew
• Automobile with driver
• Manufacturing facility and equipment
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Simulation Example
Effect of Simultaneous Switching Outputs (SSO)
Simulation used to determine effect of a bi-directional data
bus with 32 simultaneously switching outputs
SSO effect observed on data bit and power supply
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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The Use of Rapid Prototyping
Rapid Prototyping Definition:
• The use of 3D computer geometry in the production of
components using a layer-based build process in
condensed time-scales
Increasing international competition shortened
product lifecycles
Demand for faster product development processes
to keep up with the competition
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Prototyping Example – Child Utensils
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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The Use of Mock-ups
Mock-up Definition:
• Three-dimensional scale model of the system or its elements
During the preliminary or detail design phase
Provide realistic replica of a proposed equipment/facility configuration
Can be produced to any desired scale and detail
May be constructed from heavy cardboard, wood, metal, or a combination of materials
Can be developed relatively inexpensively and in short time
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The Benefits of Mock-ups
Give opportunity to experiment with different layouts, packaging prior to formal design
Provide opportunity to accomplish more effective review
• Detailed task analysis
• Simulate operator and maintenance task sequence and time data
Provide excellent tool to convey final design approach during design review
Serve as an excellent marketing tool
Can be employed to facilitate training
Allow to develop fabrication and assembly procedures and tooling
May serve as a tool for verification of a modification kit design at later stage of system life cycle
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Example: The Use of Mock-ups for Train Development
In May and June 2003, a spectacular show for rail transport systems took place on the Champs Élysées in Paris.
Siemens Transportation Systems (TS) presented a model of the "Avanto“ train cart
An innovative light rapid transit system that will connect the two Paris suburbs of Aulnay and Bondy from 2005 onwards.
General characteristics : Length : 13.5 m Height : 3.5 m Width : 2.45 m Weight : 8 tons Material : - wire chassis, wood frame, glass and epoxy
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Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
CAD Definition:• The application of computerized technology to the design
process
Graphics capabilities• Vector and raster graphics
• Line and bar charts
• X-y plotting
• Scatter diagrams
• Three-dimensional displays
Analytical capabilities
• Mathematical and statistical programs
Data management capabilities• Storage and retrieval
• Processing
• Drafting & Reporting
Usually combined in integrated packages
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Example: CAD Models
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Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
CAM Definition:• The application of computerized technology to the
manufacturing or production process.
Primarily the use of automated methods as they pertain to:• Process planning
• Numerical control (NC)
• Robotics
• Production management
Will be different for production of multiple quantities versus the construction of a “one-of-a-kind”
Manufacturing tolerances f NC tools and robotics must be consistent with the initial requirements for system design.
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Computer-Aided Support (CAS)
CAS Definition:• The application of computerized technology to the
entire spectrum of logistics and system support activities
For years, the consideration of logistics and maintenance support requirements has been relegated to an activity downstream in the system life cycle.
Examples to the variety of computer technology applications in the logistics field are:• Logistics engineering
• Supportability analysis (SA)
• Logistics management information (LMI)
• Distribution, transportation and warehousing
• Maintenance and support
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Major CAD/CAM/CAS Interfaces
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Summary
Briefly highlight some of the recent concepts in design• Conventional design practices• Analytical methods
The role of • Electric Commerce (EC)• Information Technology (IT)• The Internet
Current Design Technologies and Tools• Simulation• Rapid Prototyping• Mock-ups
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Aided Support (CAS)
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Interactive Workshop
The results of design have generally been conveyed
through a combination of the following:
a) Design drawings, requirements and analysis reports
b) Design drawings, materials and parts lists, and
analysis reports
c) Requirements, materials and parts lists
d) Requirements, materials and parts lists, and analysis
reports
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Examples of probability and analysis models are:
a) Uniform, binomial, and Poisson
b) Break-even and life-cycle cost
c) Monte Carlo and Poisson
d) SPC and TQM
Interactive Workshop
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System engineers use simulation because it allows
them to make:
a) Mock-up improvements prior to design
b) Mock-up improvements prior to production
c) Design changes after production
d) Design changes prior to production
Interactive Workshop
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Process planning and robotics are examples of:
a) Computer-aided design (CAD)
b) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
c) Computer-Aided support (CAS)
d) Computer-aided learning (CAL)
Interactive Workshop
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One of the benefits of mock-ups is that they provide
excellent tool to:
a) Experiment with different packaging during formal
design
b) Convey final design approach during design review
c) Help the engineer complete the design
d) Can be employed to facilitate design analysis
Interactive Workshop
CSUN - Prof. David Shternberg MSE607B- Systems Engineering
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Questions? Comments?