msc412 - research project (2017) project list · 2016-11-23 · msc412 - research project (2017)...

MSC412 - Research Project (2017)

Project List21 November 2016

5Dr M Mehrabi

. . . . . . . . 5Design and manufacture of inserted and reversible fluidic connectors for lab-on-a-chip devices

. . . . . . . 7Design and manufacture of contact-based and reversible interconnects for lab-on-a-chip devices

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Design and manufacture of permanent fluidic connections for lab-on-a-chip devices.

11Mr BD Bock

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Performance comparison of cyclonic separators for sand separation from water

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Evaluation of tilt angle influence on a hydrocyclone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Influence of ash content on dewatering of ash slurry using hydrocylones

. . . . . . . . . . 14Development of a Low Cost DAQ with Node-Red and Arduino for Thermal bath control

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Measurement of surface temperature in boiling experiments

. . . . . . . . . . . . 17Development of a Low Cost DAQ with Node-Red and Arduino for Heat Sink testing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Improving heat distribution in boiling experiments

20Mr J Huyssen

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Development of an Electric Propulsion System integrated into a Wing

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Development of a combustion chamber for periodic continuous combustion

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Fuselage Stability Investigation

23Dr N Wilke

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) Investigation Into Adhesion and Cohesion

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Mixing of Particulate Systems by Unidirectional Excitation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Conical Penetration Loading and Unloading of Particulate Systems

26Prof NJ Theron

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Project to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.

27Ms L Smith

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Implementation of full-scale parachute emergency system for the AREND UAV

. . . . . . . 28Investigate the impact of the trailing edge on a fuselage in terms of aerodynamic performance

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Design, build and test force measurement device at low Re using various airfoils

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Design review, test and implement a launch dolly for the AREND UAV

. . . . . . . . . . . 31Design, build and test a landing skid with final implementation into the AREND UAV

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Design, build and test a landing skid test bench

33Prof JFM Slabber


34Dr M Sharifpur


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Designing, building and testing a small air pump

. . . . . . . . . . . 36Designing, building and testing a pressure regulator for producing a constant flow rate

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Designing, building and testing a small and low friction one-way valve for gases

. . . . . . . 38Designing, building and testing experimental facilities for spray and jet nanofluid experiments

. . . 39Numerical simulation and experimental investigation into natural convection of Magnetic Nanofluids (

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Experimental investigation into effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids

. . . . . . . . . . . 42Numerical simulation and modifying available set-up for natural convection in a cavity

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Designing, building and testing a particle-gas two-phase flow pump

. . . 44Experimental study and numerical Simulation of Impact of water Jet from different nozzle shapes on d

. . . . . . . . . . . 45Numerical simulation and experimental investigation into Constant Temperature Walls

46Mr S Roux

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Development of an Open-Source Wind Tunnel

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Development of an Open-Source Flow-Loop

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Expansion of a Closed-Circuit Wind Tunnel Control System

49Mr L Page

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Helical Baffles for a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Natural Convection for Parallel Heated Plates:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Wing with Boundary Layer Suction:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Topology Optimization (Design of the Heat Conduction Structure):

54Prof JP Meyer

55Mr RF Meeser

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Investigating the usability and limitations of low cost sensors and controllers

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Binocular stabiliser

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Keep track of moving clay target and advise on shooter’s accuracy

58Dr G Mahmood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Flow visualization in a film-cooled turbine cascade.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Pressure distributions on a grooved pin-fin and endwall.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Convection heat transfer distributions on a grooved pin-fin and endwall.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Convection heat transfer in a narrow channel with the synthetic jet.

62Prof S Kok

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Determine the stress-strain curve of cold-drawn steel wire

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Determine the stress-strain curve of aluminium using an indentation test

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Identify the stress-strain curves of metals after necking during tensile tests

65Dr CJ Kat

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Improving biofidelity of the canine spine segment model

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Comparison of canine spinal loading simulators

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Uncertainty quantification of the muscle forces on a seated bicep curl exercise

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Lumbar spine model for vehicle ride studies

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Ride evaluation optimisation of a bicycle

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Sensitivity analysis of ride comfort evaluations

72Dr H Inglis

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Mechanical properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Microscopy to investigate properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites

. . . . . . 74Investigation of limit load analysis to characterise plastic collapse in structural members containi

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75A large-scale experimental study of debonding

76Prof PS Heyns

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Dynamic characterisation of rubber mounts

. . . . . . 77Develop a methodology to measure the torsional vibration of machinery in robust environments

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Dynamic investigations of vibratory screens

79Prof PS Els

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Baja Brake System

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Semi-active Suspension System

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Hydraulic actuator tesing and modeling

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Three dimensional tyre geometry

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Tyre material properties

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Tyre-road friction

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Friction envelope of tyres on off-road terrain

86Dr J Dirker

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Rib heat transfer enhancement in water systems using liquid crystal thermography

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Thermal storage using phase change materials

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Natural renewable cooling using phase change material

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Parabolic through solar collector adaption for water heating

91Prof KJ Craig

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Evaluation of heat loss due to wind of Solar tower CSP plant

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Development of Solar Oven

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Development of Home Solar Cooker

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Automatic tracking Linear Fresnel Reflector using Phase Change Materials (PCMs)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Development of tubular receiver for parabolic dish

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Development of Concentrated Photovoltaic Receiver for linear focus

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Investigate the role of natural convection in a solar geyser

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Investigation of draining in molten salt receiver for solar tower plant

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Shape optimization of solar reflector using adjoint method

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Investigation of wind barrier for load reduction and dust control

101Ms B Huyssen

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Research the efficiency gains in pressure adaptive aircraft control surfaces

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Analysing airfoils for HALE UAVs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Development of an automated devise for five-hole pressure proble calibration

105Mr H Hamersma

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Mechanical soil property characterisation for terrain-vehicle interaction modelling

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Tyre damping trailer modelling and validation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Mine vehicle collision avoidance algorithm

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Soft target modelling, control and automation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Vehicle dynamics modelling and validation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110X-in-the-loop platform development

111Dr A Lexmond

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Projects to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.

112Dr W LeRoux

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112High-temperature receiver testing for a dish-mounted solar Brayton cycle

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Micro-turbine testing for a dish-mounted solar Brayton cycle

. . . . 114Testing and development of a heat exchanger (recuperator) for a dish-mounted solar Brayton cycle

. . 115Testing and development of a heat exchanger for water heating from waste heat of solar Brayton cycle

116Mr T Botha

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Development of controller for steering robot

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Development of controller for vehicle pedal robot

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Development of a 3D scanner

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Vertical load control of tyre test trailer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Brake control of a tyre test trailer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Development of low cost data aquisition system in order to automate tyre testing

. . . . . . . . . . . . 122Improvement of a system used to measure the deformation of a tyre from the inside

123Dr LJ duPlessis

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Re-configurable planar Gough-Stewart machining platform

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Feed mill components

. . . . . 125Design, build, analyse and test the support plates for a planar Gough-Stewart machining platform

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Dr M Mehrabi

Design and manufacture of inserted and reversible fluidic connectors forlab-on-a-chip devices

Lecturer, Dr M MehrabiMax students, 5

Project Description

1. Background

Besides a high-quality sealing, an equally important factor for a functional lab-on-a-chip device is a reliable fluidic interfacebetween the chip and the peripherals (e.g. external pumps, valves, tubings, etc). These fluidic interfaces are commonly called‘‘fluidic interconnect’’, ‘‘world-to-chip’’ or ‘‘macro-to-micro’’ interfaces and we here use these terms interchangeably.Although the importance of fluidic interconnects is sometimes neglected in the microfluidics community, they are typically theleast reliable components of a lab-on-a-chip device and often limit the overall performance of these devices. The back-endprocesses required for integrating fluidic connections significantly contribute to the cost of the device.

2. Problem statement

There are a few standards for fluidic interfacing, such as Luer Lock and Luer Cone, but these are suitable for a small number ofapplications and not readily compatible with most of fabrication techniques. A universally-accepted fluidic connection does notexist, but the community working on microfluidics has developed a wide variety of techniques specific to the target application.Ideally, a fluidic interconnect should (1) have minimal dead volume, (2) avoid cross-contamination of samples, (3) be easy toplug, (4) be removable and reusable, (5) be reliable at high pressures, (6) be small enough to allow high density connections, (7)be made using simple and low-cost techniques, (8) be chemically inert, and (9) be compatible with commercial tubings andfittings. There are various world-to-chip interfaces having some of these features and they can be categorized based on theplugging orientation, material of the microfluidic device, pressure capability, and maximum number of connections that can beachieved simultaneously. Reversible insertion, reversible and permanent fluidic connections are three different categories ofinterconnects that are important in any microfluidic design. In this project our focus will be on inserted, adhesive-free andreversible fluidic connectors.

3. Theoretical objectives

Based on new inspiration of seeing a lab-on-a-chip devise in microfluidics as an electronic device and try to design everythingas an electronic component, it is necessary to look for microfluidic connections that are mimicking conventional electronicconnectors. The connections that are mimicking conventional electronic connectors are user-friendly and affordableconnections. Adding zero leakage and easy fabrication process to them, will make them the best options for any microfluidicconnections. One of the most straightforward fluidic interfacing techniques is based on the insertion of a tubing to a receivingopening that is defined on the cover layer or on the substrate of a microfluidic device. Early examples of such microfluidicinterconnects were compatible with chips based on glass and silicon. Fluidic connections for insertion are typically pluggedmanually to the ports, the locations of which vary from design to design.

4. Experimental objectives

Students will manufacture their designed connectors for a lab-on-a-chip device.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Manufactured microfluidic connectors will be examine to make sure that they are leakage free and their pressure performancewill be compared with other connectors have been introduced in literature.

Group

Thermofluids Research Group

Category

Mechanical

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External Leader

N/A

External Leader Location

N/A

External Organisation

N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500

Experimental Requirements

List Any Specific Experimental Requirements e.g. specific lab equipment, services or space/location requirements

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Design and manufacture of contact-based and reversible interconnects forlab-on-a-chip devices

Lecturer, Dr M MehrabiMax students, 5

Project Description

1. Background



There are a few standards for fluidic interfacing, such as Luer Lock and Luer Cone, but these are suitable for a small number ofapplications and not readily compatible with most of fabrication techniques. A universally-accepted fluidic connection does notexist, but the community working on microfluidics has developed a wide variety of techniques specific to the target application.Ideally, a fluidic interconnect should (1) have minimal dead volume, (2) avoid cross-contamination of samples, (3) be easy toplug, (4) be removable and reusable, (5) be reliable at high pressures, (6) be small enough to allow high density connections, (7)be made using simple and low-cost techniques, (8) be chemically inert, and (9) be compatible with commercial tubings andfittings. There are various world-to-chip interfaces having some of these features and they can be categorized based on theplugging orientation, material of the microfluidic device, pressure capability, and maximum number of connections that can beachieved simultaneously. Reversible insertion, reversible and permanent fluidic connections are three different categories ofinterconnects that are important in any microfluidic design. In this project our focus will be on contact-based and reversibleinterconnects fluidic connectors.


Insertion-based reversible interconnects allow for easy and fast interfacing to lab-on-a-chip devices because they do not requirecustom designed fixtures or frames for applying a significant compression force to ensure leak-free connections. However, theseconnections are typically not reliable at high pressures and not compatible with simultaneous plugging of high-densityconnections. Instead, contact- based connections have been developed, particularly to be used in automated tools with highdensity I/O ports. This type of world-to-chip interfaces comprises a soft intermediate element, such as an O-ring, a PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane) gasket, or a silicone tubing, and a fixing mechanism to compress the tubings against a flat area of themicrofluidic chip.





Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


of 125

N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design and manufacture of permanent fluidic connections for lab-on-a-chip devices.Lecturer, Dr M Mehrabi

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. Background



There are a few standards for fluidic interfacing, such as Luer Lock and Luer Cone, but these are suitable for a small number ofapplications and not readily compatible with most of fabrication techniques. A universally-accepted fluidic connection does notexist, but the community working on microfluidics has developed a wide variety of techniques specific to the target application.Ideally, a fluidic interconnect should (1) have minimal dead volume, (2) avoid cross-contamination of samples, (3) be easy toplug, (4) be removable and reusable, (5) be reliable at high pressures, (6) be small enough to allow high density connections, (7)be made using simple and low-cost techniques, (8) be chemically inert, and (9) be compatible with commercial tubings andfittings. There are various world-to-chip interfaces having some of these features and they can be categorized based on theplugging orientation, material of the microfluidic device, pressure capability, and maximum number of connections that can beachieved simultaneously. Reversible insertion, reversible and permanent fluidic connections are three different categories ofinterconnects that are important in any microfluidic design. In this project our focus will be on permanent fluidic connectors.


Fluidic connections that are based on insertion of a tubing or contact using a gasket under compression are one of the commonmicrofluidics connections. They are easy-to-use, reversible, and normally not suitable for operation pressure of higher than 1MPa. Beside the limitations due to operational pressure, high risk of clogging is another downsides of using adhesives.Furthermore, the time required for the application and curing of the adhesive, and the limited compatibility of some adhesiveswith chemicals and solvents are other downsides of adhesives usage.





Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A of 125

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Mr BD Bock

Performance comparison of cyclonic separators for sand separation from waterLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundA number of industries, irrigation in particular, require sand removal from water streams to prevent clogging of downstreamdevices. Cyclonic separators are a common choice due to their low maintenance and low cost.

However a number of variants exist, such as hydrocyclones and "sand separators". While all based on centrifugal motion, eachhas their own unique advantages and disadvantages over the other.

2. Problem statementSand removal from water distribution systems is required to prevent clogging or damage to downstream systems.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the various separation devices and predict their performance and compare devices against each other.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild, test and compare the performance between separators that make use of centrifugal motion to remove sand from waterstreams.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the theoretical predictions against the experimental results.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



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Evaluation of tilt angle influence on a hydrocycloneLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundHydrocyclones are used to separate particulates from liquids through the use of centrifugal motion. They are often used as firstpass separators, due to their low cost and ease of use.

They are used in various industries, such as waste water treatment in the removal of particles prior to filtration, petrochemicalplants where they separate oil from water and coal processing where they separate coal particles from mineral matter.

2. Problem statementThe angle at which a hydrocyclone is tilted influences its separation characteristics.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the hydrocyclone and predict the influence of tilt angle on the hydrocyclone's performance.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild and test a hydrocyclone at various tilt angles.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the experimental results to the modelled results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



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Influence of ash content on dewatering of ash slurry using hydrocylonesLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundEskom is facing a crisis due to the decline in the quality of coal used to produce electricity. All of the Power Stations who utilizea wet-ash system were built by the early 1990’s. The ash content of coal that Eskom purchased at the time did not exceed 25%.However, the coal that is currently available to Eskom has Ash Contents ranging for 30% to as high as 45%. Thus a muchhigher tonnage of coal is burnt daily. This places a large strain on the Coal and Ash Handling plants at the Power Stations.

Hydrocyclones can be used as a dewatering tool for ash slurries, however the influence of the various ash contents found acrossthe various plants needs to be understood.

2. Problem statementThe influence of ash content on a hydrocylone's ability to dewater ash slurry needs to be characterized.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel a hydrocyclone and the influence of ash content on its performance in dewatering ash slurry

4. Experimental objectivesBuild a hydrocyclone and test a range of ash contents on the hydrocyclones performance using the ash slurry rig.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare experimental to theoretical results.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Ash Slurry Rig

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Development of a Low Cost DAQ with Node-Red and Arduino for Thermal bathcontrol

Lecturer, Mr BD BockMax students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundData acquisition and control (DAQ) is a ubiquitous task in modern industry and the research and development (R) environment.R particularly requires accuracies that are often above industry standards while at the same time being easy customizable asexperiments are constantly changed. Furthermore the equipment and programming interface should have a low barrier to entryas many researchers have minimal electronic or coding backgrounds.

National Instruments, with their data acquisition devices coupled together with Labview as their programming language, arearguably the world leader in this field, however their equipment is often prohibitively expensive.

The Arduino Uno, a commercially available low cost microcontroller, interfaced with Node-Red, an open source graphicalprogramming language, offers a low cost alternative.

While a number of Arduino Uno projects are available online showing its capabilities in data acquisition and control, the use ofNode-RED as the programming language to control the Arduino would be a novel approach to make the Arduino easier to useas a DAQ board.

While a basic system has been developed, this project will seek to build on that base - (Seehttps://sites.google.com/site/opensourcehardwaresouthafrica/ for more info).

In this particular case, a thermal bath will be developed to showcase the low cost DAQ's capabilities in control andmeasurement.

[Note: Students who choose this topic will have to learn some basic coding to communicate with the Arduino Uno Board usingNode-RED. No previous experience is required though.]

2. Problem statementA small thermal bath must be heated and controlled to a set temperature to demonstrate the Arduino UNO and Node-RED'scapabilities as a DAQ device.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the bath to predict the heating rate and's achievable and to test various control strategies.Determine the uncertainties of the temperature measurement device as per JCGM 100:2008.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild a thermal bath that is controlled to a set temperature using an Arduino UNO controlled with Node-RED. The bath must beable to be automated with data logging capabilities of the bath's temperature.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the predicted baths performance to that of the model

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A

of 125


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



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Measurement of surface temperature in boiling experimentsLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundBoiling heat transfer is a fundamental industrial phenomenon that is an ever present topic of research and development. Throughthe use of newly developed enhancements, such as fins and 3D surface structures, boiling heat transfer coefficients areconstantly being increased.

The measurement of the surface temperature is required in heat transfer experiments to accurately determine the heat transfercoefficient. However, placing a probe on the surface disrupts the boiling process, resulting in a local temperature measurementthat is not a true indication of the temperature.

Progress has been made in improving our surface temperature measurements here at UP on boiling surfaces through theimbedding of thermocouples within the boiling surface. However, further development is required to improve the methods used.

2. Problem statementThe surface temperature of a boiling surface needs to be accurately determined and the influence and comparison between thevarious measurement techniques must be quantified.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop a model of the experimental set-up to allow for its design. Develop a model of the boiling heat transfer expected andthe surface temperature measurement method employed.

4. Experimental objectivesDesign and build a simple boiling heat transfer rig, consisting of boiling on a flat copper piece in a water bath heated by anelectric heater. Determine and execute a variety of methods to measure the surface temperature and compare their effectiveness,quantifying the errors imposed by each.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the theoretical model to the measured performance as well as literature standards.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Variable Power Supply, Data Acquisition device

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Development of a Low Cost DAQ with Node-Red and Arduino for Heat Sink testingLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundData acquisition and control (DAQ) is a ubiquitous task in modern industry and the research and development (R) environment.R particularly requires accuracies that are often above industry standards while at the same time being easy customizable asexperiments are constantly changed. Furthermore the equipment and programming interface should have a low barrier to entryas many researchers have minimal electronic or coding backgrounds.

National Instruments, with their data acquisition devices coupled together with Labview as their programming language, arearguably the world leader in this field, however their equipment is often prohibitively expensive.

The Arduino Uno, a commercially available low cost microcontroller, interfaced with Node-Red, an open source graphicalprogramming language, offers a low cost alternative.

While a number of Arduino Uno projects are available online showing its capabilities in data acquisition and control, the use ofNode-RED as the programming language to control the Arduino would be a novel approach to make the Arduino easier to useas a DAQ board.

While a basic system has been developed, this project will seek to build on that base - (Seehttps://sites.google.com/site/opensourcehardwaresouthafrica/ for more info).

In this particular case, a heat sink testing station will be developed to showcase the low cost DAQ's capabilities in automatedtesting.

[Note: Students who choose this topic will have to learn some basic coding to communicate with the Arduino Uno Board usingNode-RED. No previous experience is required though.]

2. Problem statementThe development of a low cost DAQ system for the testing of heat sinks.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the heat loss a heat sink can provide under various air flow rates.Determine the uncertainties of the device as per JCGM 100:2008.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild a simple convective heat sink experiment consisting of a heat sink cooled by a PC fan and heated by a heating pad. Theexperiment will determine the performance of the heat sink under various air flow rates while demonstrate the capabilities of anArduino UNO and Node-RED as a DAQ system.

The experiment must be automated with data logging capabilities.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the measured heat transfer rates to the predicted rates.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A

of 125


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Improving heat distribution in boiling experimentsLecturer, Mr BD Bock

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundBoiling heat transfer is a fundamental industrial phenomenon that is an ever present topic of research and development. Throughthe use of newly developed enhancements, such as fins and 3D surface structures, boiling heat transfer coefficients areconstantly being increased.

A challenge that is faced when conducting boiling heat transfer experiments is ensuring that the cartridge heater heats theboiling tube evenly with minimal hot spots. Recent work here at UP suggest the current methods being used do not suffice.

2. Problem statementThe heat from a cartridge heater needs to be distributed evenly to a tube used in a boiling experiment.

3. Theoretical objectivesPredict the heat transfer rate over a copper tube boiling in water.

4. Experimental objectivesTest a variety of interface methods between a cartridge heater and copper tube in a boiling experiment. Determine the bestmethod of ensuring even heat distribution to the copper tube.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the predicted heat transfer to that which was measured.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Data acquisition device, Variable Power Supply

of 125

Mr J Huyssen

Development of an Electric Propulsion System integrated into a WingLecturer, Mr J Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundAny aircraft propulsion system has to provide the thrust to overcome drag. Therefore, any power system which actively reducesdrag would be a part of a propulsion system. With electric power systems becoming useful in full-scale aviation the opportunityemerges to provide small distributed electric power units along the entire wing.In the sport of gliding there exists a class of propulsion systems called ‘sustainers’. These are only used to extend the range of asailplane if necessary. When not in use, the propulsion system is aerodynamically hidden away to avoid any additional drag.Boundary layer suction and blowing can be used to change the airfoil performance.

2. Problem statementA system is needed by which electric power can be used to pump air from a boundary layer ingestion slot to a trust slot. Anarrangement should be proposed for the integration of such a system inside an airfoil along the span of a wing.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop a theoretical prediction of the drag reduction potential, the power requirement and the thrust which such a system couldprovide.

4. Experimental objectivesConstruct an experimental setup by which drag and thrust measurements can be done on the proposed airfoil in a wind tunnel.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the un-powered drag to the drag with boundary layer suction and the measured thrust and power against the prediction.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


A compressor / blower unit, a drag / thrust wind tunnel balance, wind tunnel airfoil, flow meter.

of 125

Development of a combustion chamber for periodic continuous combustionLecturer, Mr J Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundCombustion of fuel is done in repeated cycles in the reciprocating combustion engine or on a continuous basis in the continuouscycle engine like the gas turbine. There are applications in which periodic continuous combustion is required to maintain adesired operating pressure and temperature in an open thermodynamic cycle.

2. Problem statementDevelop a system of air feeding, fuel injection and ignition, and flame holding inside a high pressure combustion chamber.

3. Theoretical objectivesUnderstand the principle of combustion to predict the temperature and pressure change in a combustion chamber as a result offuel burning. Develop a theoretical model to predict the feed rates of fuel and air to provide a desired flow delivery at a desiredoperational temperature and pressure.

4. Experimental objectivesConstruct an experimental setup by which high pressure feed air can be delivered into a combustion chamber. Also fuel needs tobe injected into the combustion chamber where it needs to ignite to maintain combustion as long as fuel is being injected.Monitor the pressure and temperature in the chamber as it delivers flow to an external load. Monitor also the power of theexternal load, fuel flow and temperature and pressure of the supply reservoir.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare the measured endurance of the un-fueled system to that of the fueled system and compare the measured changes to thetheoretical predictions.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Temperature and pressure transducers, flow meter, a pneumatic load, high pressure cylinder, pressure regulators, ignitor andspace in an engine test cell.

of 125

Fuselage Stability InvestigationLecturer, Mr J Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundAny aircraft requires a fuselage for its payload. Such a body should be shaped in favor of minimum drag and structural weight.The typical aircraft fuselage is long and slender to hold an empennage and is therefore not ideal in terms of drag and weight. Itis possible to design an aircraft without an empennage. It would then help if the fuselage is aerodynamically stable about thepitch axis.

2. Problem statementDevelop a fuselage of low fineness ratio with an adjustable trailing edge which would offer fuselage stability.

3. Theoretical objectivesDerive a fuselage shape of low drag for a given flow regime. Develop a theoretical prediction of the stability resulting from thetrailing edge.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild a wind tunnel model with a retractable and adjustable trailing edge to do stability investigations. Find the center ofpressure for various trailing edge layouts and angles of attack.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsAdjust the theoretical model to get predictions in line with experimental observations.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Wind tunnel, pitch measurement balance.

of 125

Dr N Wilke

Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) Investigation Into Adhesion and CohesionLecturer, Dr N Wilke

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundCohesion is the property of molecules of the same substance to stick to each other due to mutual attraction, while adhesion is theproperty of different molecules to stick to each other.

2. Problem statementInvestigate the effect of moisture in a particle system to cause clumping of the particulate system. Conduct an experiment thatvaries the moisture content and assesses the tendency of the particles to clump together. Conduct discrete element simulationsthat aims to model the effect of clumping as a function of moisture content of the particle system.

3. Theoretical objectivesTheory and practical application of discrete element modeling that includes adhesion and cohesion models.

4. Experimental objectivesInvestigate the effect of moisture in a particle system to cause clumping of the particulate system. Conduct an experiment thatvaries the moisture content and measures the tendency of the particles to clump together.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsModel the experiment that varies the moisture content and measures the tendency of the particles to clump together using DEM,investigate the ability of the model to predict the clumping behavior.

Group

Center for Asset Integrity Management

Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Mixing of Particulate Systems by Unidirectional ExcitationLecturer, Dr N Wilke

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundMixing of particulate systems is of critical importance in numerous industries from pharmaceutical to military applications.

2. Problem statementInvestigate the effect of amplitude and frequency on the tendency of particulate systems to mix.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the mixing response of particulate systems using discrete element modeling.

4. Experimental objectivesConduct an experimental investigation in which particulate systems are subjected to different amplitudes and frequencies ofunidirectional excitation. Assess the degree of mixing at various time intervals.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsInvestigate the suitability of DEM to model mixing, and ultimately the ability to predict mixing of simple particle systems.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Conical Penetration Loading and Unloading of Particulate SystemsLecturer, Dr N Wilke

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundLoading and unloading of particulate systems is often used to characterize complex particulate systems and interrogate thedominant contact physics involved.

2. Problem statementInvestigate the ability of discrete element modeling to model the loading and unloading path of a conical penetrator depressedinto a system of simple particles. Conduct the experiment for different levels of moisture in of the particle system.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the loading and unloading of particulate systems using discrete element modeling.

4. Experimental objectivesConduct the experiment for different levels of moisture in of a simple particle system that is loaded and unloaded using a cone.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsModel the loading and unloading of particulate systems using discrete element modeling and investigate the ability of DEM tocapture the loading and unloading paths.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Prof NJ Theron

Project to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.Lecturer, Prof NJ Theron

Max students, 15

Project Description

Project to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Ms L Smith

Implementation of full-scale parachute emergency system for the AREND UAVLecturer, Ms L Smith

Max students, 1

Project Description

According to legislation for UAV operations requires an emergency recovery system, since flight may have to be terminated atany stage or location. Additionally the expensive payload can be recovered if an emergency recovery system is available. It istherefore conceivable to land the system by default by means of this recovery system. A well refined recovery system may offerthe easiest and most reliable landing strategy.

A pneumatically activated parachute emergency recovery system (ERS) has been developed on a small scale for the ARENDUAV. Develop a full-scale dynamic model for the system, design and construction of test hardware and the testing of the systemelements for full-scale implementation. Testing included the pressure testing of the pressure elements and dynamic testing of thedeployment strategy.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Investigate the impact of the trailing edge on a fuselage in terms of aerodynamicperformance

Lecturer, Ms L SmithMax students, 5

Project Description

Recently the blended wing body (BWB) has received a lot of attention as the possible new aircraft configuration. Maintainingthe tube-and-wing configuration with a few adaptations could be a more suitable solution. In this respect various configurationsalready exist of which the gull-wing configuration as a form of bio-mimicry has posed various interesting areas of research, oneof which is the aftbody shape.

As a proposed drag reduction, low-drag bodies are selected from literature to replace the conventional fuselage shape. Inaddition a bird-like tail is added to the aftbody with different blends and deflections to evaluate whether such a tail couldprovide lift without a large drag penalty.

Conduct an experimental investigation in the UP low speed wind tunnel on a low-drag body with and without the tailmodification and provide insight into the movement of the center of pressure, the aftbody pressure recovery region and thenear-body wake.

Using a CFD observe the lift to drag ratio and the pressure recovery movement and compare the results to that of the windtunnel results. Comment on the flow separation, vortex shedding and wake development and the effects of these on the pressuredrag of the body-tail combination.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design, build and test force measurement device at low Re using various airfoilsLecturer, Ms L Smith

Max students, 5

Project Description

A range of measuring probes, force balances and rakes are required to conduct flowfield surveys and aerodynamic forcemeasurements in the UP LSWT (Low Speed Wind Tunnel).

Make use of the LSWT testing wing and develop a cheap 2-component force balance to measure lift, drag in the wind tunnel.The device must be able to interface with different wind tunnel models easily and have a calibration procedure which each newtest set-up will have to go through before actual testing.

Various low Re airfoils will be tested at an angle of attack range of -5 to 9 degrees. Both force measurements and pressuremeasurements will be taken to compared force results.

XFOIL and CFD will be used to create 2D models and compare experimental results to that of the numerical. The differencesshould be explored and explained in detail.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design review, test and implement a launch dolly for the AREND UAVLecturer, Ms L Smith

Max students, 1

Project Description

Team AREND will design a technological solution to aid Kruger National Park (KNP) rangers in the protection of black andwhite rhinos from poaching. The solution shall constitute, but not be limited to, an unmanned aircraft (18kg, 4.2m wingspan,cruise speed 20m/s, stall speed 15m/s) capable of conducting remote surveillance of large park areas such as KNP. The UAVshall be operable from a central base within KNP, have extended flight endurance (~120 min), and be able to detect/distinguishhumans and animals with onboard sensors.

The final deliverable of the AREND project shall be an aircraft test flight to demonstrate flight worthiness and provide avalidation document. Initial flight tests are done using a RC controller but the intention is that the aircraft will later flyautonomously. Within this context team AREND requires a launch device that can ideally also act as a flight testing device. TheUAV is designed without a dedicated undercarriage and therefore requires a device to assist in the runway launch process.

Two designs exist for a launch dolly. Review the design, build and test it and then implement it into the AREND UAV. Thislaunch device needs to travel at a maximum speed of 15 – 20m/s on an uneven bushvelt terrain. The device needs to belightweight, portable and robust. The device must be easy to maintain and store.

Consider the take-off section of the flight mission and determine the aerodynamic forces between the dolly and the UAV.Develop an analytical procedure to estimate the forces at different stage of the dolly-UAV interface at different stages of thelaunch process in order to establish best case and worst case launch scenarios.

A FEA or dynamic simulation can validate the analytical model and finally the experimental test with the UAV to see whetherthe design is successful.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design, build and test a landing skid with final implementation into the AREND UAVLecturer, Ms L Smith

Max students, 1

Project Description


The landing of a UAV presents the most challenging phase of flight. The success and the cost of UAV operations dependlargely on the success of the landings. UAVs are still lost at unacceptable high percentage due to landing incidents. For thesereasons the design of the landing systems is receiving the highest priority in the design and development of the Arend airframe.

Design, build and test a model for a landing skid system for the existing AREND UAV. The system has to be retractable duringflight in order to not contaminate the aerodynamic body and during landing strong enough to survive a controlled crash intoterrain. The device must be light weight and able to integrate with the existing structure of the AREND UAV.

Consider the landing phase of the UAV and determine the different potential landing impact scenarios. Develop a body forcediagram for these different scenarios and use FEA to test the calculated forces as well as the components within the skid design.Final experimental test will be completed on a prototype skid to compare results to the FEA and analytical models.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design, build and test a landing skid test benchLecturer, Ms L Smith

Max students, 2

Project Description


The landing of a UAV presents the most challenging phase of flight. The success and the cost of UAV operations dependlargely on the success of the landings. UAVs are still lost at unacceptable high percentage due to landing incidents [quoteneeded]. For these reasons the design of the landing systems is receiving the highest priority in the design and development ofthe Arend airframe.

Design, build and test a test bench for a landing skid system. The system has to be retractable during flight in order to notcontaminate the aerodynamic body and during landing strong enough to survive a controlled crash into terrain. The device mustbe light weight and able to integrate with the existing structure of the AREND UAV. The test bench must enable the designer ofthe skid to recreate landing conditions to tests whether the skid design objectives are met.

Consider the landing phase of the UAV and determine the different potential landing impact scenarios. The skid test benchshould be able to replicate at least three scenarios, standard landing, best case and worst case landing. Develop an analyticalprocedure for these different cases by which the test can be conducted. Construct the test bench and test the skid prototype to seewhether the forces predicated analytically are the same as in the test scenario.

Be very clear in the uncertainties and the challenges when considering the design and testing of the skid bench.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Prof JFM Slabber

Project to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.Lecturer, Prof JFM Slabber

Max students, 15

Project Description


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr M Sharifpur

Project to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.Lecturer, Dr M Sharifpur

Max students, 15

Project Description


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Designing, building and testing a small air pumpLecturer, Dr M Sharifpur

Max students, 2

Project Description

Description:

In this project by using an available small electrical motor available in the market, a small air pump will be design and built forspecific volume flow rate. The student should built an experimental set-up to test the flow rate of final production. More detailswill be provided in the first meeting.In the second semester, the student should simulate the pump with ANSYS-FLUENT.

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Concept generation and concept selection6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build the pump8. Set-up the experiment9. Test, modification10. CFD simulation11. Comparison of the experiment and CFD12. Discussions13. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Designing, building and testing a pressure regulator for producing a constant flowrate

Lecturer, Dr M SharifpurMax students, 2

Project Description

In this project a pressure regulator must be designed and built. An airflow will be considered with exact condition and must beregulated for a constant volume flow rate. The detail information about input and output of the regulator will be provided foreach student in the first meeting after final allocation.The student should built an experimental set-up to test the flow rate and pressure difference of input-output of the finalproduction. More details will be provided in the first meeting as well.In the second semester, the student should simulate the regulator with ANSYS-FLUENT.

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Concept generation and concept selection6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build the regulator8. Set-up the experiment9. Test, modification10. CFD simulation11. Comparison of the experiment and CFD12. Discussions13. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Designing, building and testing a small and low friction one-way valve for gasesLecturer, Dr M Sharifpur

Max students, 2

Project Description

Description:

In this project a small and low friction one way valve for gases should be designed and built. An airflow will be considered withexact condition and must be pass from the one-way valve. The detail information about input and output of the valve will beprovided for each student in the first meeting after final allocation.The student should built an experimental set-up to test the pressure difference of before and after the final production. Moredetails will be provided in the first meeting as well.In the second semester, the student should simulate the valve with ANSYS-FLUENT.

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Concept generation and concept selection6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build the valve8. Set-up the experiment9. Test, modification10. CFD simulation11. Comparison of the experiment and CFD12. Discussions13. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Designing, building and testing experimental facilities for spray and jet nanofluidexperiments


Project Description

Description

At the moment there is two research on going about spray and jet cooling with nanofluids. The student needs to collaborate withthe project and design the overall shield cover as well as some equipment like converging-diverging nozzle for the project. Theproject include some simulation work as well. The detail information about input and output of the valve will be provided foreach student in the first meeting after final allocation.In the second semester, the student should do the simulation side with ANSYS-FLUENT.

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Concept generation and concept selection6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build8. Test, modification9. CFD simulation10. Comparison of the experiment and CFD11. Discussions12. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation into natural convection ofMagnetic Nanofluids (


Project Description

DescriptionNanofluids are engineered colloids containing solid nanoparticles suspended in a base fluid which they are within top recentresearches in heat transfer field. Base fluids can be (but not limited to) water or organic liquid. The nanoparticles in the basefluid can enhance the heat transfer performance of the base fluids. Fluids such as water, oils and ethylene glycol are extensivelyused as heat transfer working fluids in various heat-exchanger processes. However, the performance of the heat-exchangeprocess is limited to the property of the working fluids. The size of solid nanoparticles can be between 1nm and 100nm. In thisproject in order to investigate the natural convection of a magnetic nanofluid experimentally, a rectangle cavity will be designedand built. The student will start the investigation for pure water and if the set-up works, will continue with magnetic Nanofluid.A benchmark will be provided with software simulation and available empirical models for the nanofluids. For this project thestudent must increase his/her knowledge in heat transfer and ANSYS-FLUENT CFD software package. This project has thecapability to publish a paper in an international conference if the student offers a proper work.You should have a strong background in heat transfer and mathematics..For more information on Nanofluids, please take a look at my researchgate at:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohsen_Sharifpur

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. CFD Simulation6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build the cavity8. Thermocouples calibration9. Set-up the experiment10. Model development, analysis and calculations11. Safety issues12. Test, benchmark and comparison with the CFD simulation13. Discussions14. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500

Experimental Requirements of 125


of 125

Experimental investigation into effective thermal conductivity of nanofluidsLecturer, Dr M Sharifpur

Max students, 1

Project Description

DescriptionNanofluids are the suspension of nanoparticles (1nm to 100nm) in a conventional heat transfer fluids (called base fluid). Theyhave received a lot of attention by researchers around the world in last two decade while they can improve the thermalconductivity and heat capacity of the base fluids. Fluids such as water, oils and ethylene glycol are extensively used as heattransfer working fluids in various heat-exchange processes. The thermal conductivity of the working fluids can influence on theheat-exchange process. This enhancement in heat transfer extremely depends on the effective thermal conductivity of ananofluid. In this project in order to investigate the effective thermal conductivity of a nanofluid, an experimental set-up will bedesigned and built. The student will start the investigation for pure water and if the set-up works, will continue with Nanofluid.A comparison will be made with available models and data for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. For this projectthe student must increase his/her knowledge in heat transfer. This project has the capability to publish a paper in an internationalconference if the student offers a proper work.You should have a strong background of heat transfer and mathematics.For more information on Nanofluids, please take a look at my researchgate at:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohsen_Sharifpur

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:

1. Cover page2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Theoretical investigation6. Concept generation and selection7. Design and build the experimental set-up8. Model development, analysis and calculations9. Safety issues10. Test, benchmark and comparison with data in the literature11. Discussions12. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Numerical simulation and modifying available set-up for natural convection in acavity


Project Description

DescriptionCavity flow is one of the ways in order to investigate natural convection. In this project in order to investigate the naturalconvection by cavity, an experimental set-up is available which should be modified. The set-up includes; rectangle cavity,constant temperature cooled bath, constant temperature hot bath, data acquisition system, flow meters, pressure gages..). Afterthe modification, the student will start the investigation for pure water and then will continue with other heat transfer fluids. Abenchmark will be provided with software simulation and available models. Inclined cavity flow will be investigated as well.For this project the student must increase his/her knowledge in heat transfer and ANSYS-FLUENT CFD software packag. Thisproject has the capability to publish a paper in an international conference if the student offers a proper work.

Your work should include the following:

1. Literature review2. Developing the idea3. Modifying the experimental set-up4. Test, benchmark and simulation5. Preparing progressing and final report6. Oral presentation

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Designing, building and testing a particle-gas two-phase flow pumpLecturer, Dr M Sharifpur

Max students, 1

Project Description

One of the problems for building an experimental investigation regarding particle-gas two-phase flow is the lake of aparticle-fluid two-phase flow pump. The important thing in this challenging project is to be under controlled the volume fractionof the particles in the two phase test section. In this project we will use different size spherical particles (for example from 1 to10 mm). Finally, the student must measure the mass flow rate and the pressure difference of the test section for differentconditions. Regarding the results a correlation will be produced. This project has the capability to publish a paper in aninternational conference if the student offers a proper work. However, you should have a strong background in fluid mechanics.

Your work should contain the following:1. Literature review2. Developing the idea3. Design4. Built5. Test and Benchmark6- Mathematical modelling7. Preparing progressing and final report8. Oral presentation

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Experimental study and numerical Simulation of Impact of water Jet from differentnozzle shapes on d


Project Description

One of the apparatus which helps to understand the application of the momentum equation is “Impact of a Jet on a Surface”. Inthis apparatus, the force generated by impact of an upward and also horizontal water jet on the different surface will beinvestigated. The student must design and build different nozzle and test them with the available apparatus. The apparatus needsto modify as well. For the benchmark of the accuracy of the data, a CFD simulation with ANSYS-FLUENT. This project hasthe capability to publish a paper in an international conference if the student offers a proper work. However, you should have astrong background in fluid mechanics and increase your knowledge about ANSYS-FLUENT software.

Your work should contain the following:1. Literature review2. Developing the idea and modification3. Design the experiment4. Built the experiment5. Test, benchmark and CFD simulation6. Preparing progressing and final report7. Oral presentation

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation into Constant TemperatureWalls


Project Description

Constant temperature wall is actually a kind of heat exchanger which produce constant temperature wall at the outer surface ofthe heat exchanger for different applications. The most important point in this project is to design the heat exchanger to producesteady constant temperature through surface of the wall. The student should simulate the heat exchanger as well as doingexperimental work. The next step is to compare the simulation result and the experimental data. However, you should have astrong background in heat transfer and increasing your knowledge to work with ANSYS-FLUENT software.

You should read the study guide of the course carefully and your final report should include the following:1. Cover sheet2. Abstract3. Introduction4. Literature review5. Concept generation and concept selection6. Theoretical investigation7. Design and build the heat exchanger8. Set-up the experiment to check the constant temperature wall9. Test and modification10. CFD simulation11. Comparison of the simulation and the experiments12. Discussions13. Conclusion

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Mr S Roux

Development of an Open-Source Wind TunnelLecturer, Mr S Roux

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundMany final year research projects re-use systems built by previous students but they are often not adaptable which leads tounnecessary additional work. Measurements devices are also expensive and their numbers are limited which reduces theiravailability to students.

2. Problem statementDesign, build, and test a wind tunnel system based upon open-source platforms (eg. such as Arduino microcontrollers andPython).

3. Theoretical objectivesA wind tunnel with a corresponding control system must be designed and implemented in such a way that it is easily adaptable.

4. Experimental objectivesA test case from literature must be chosen that can be display the full capabilities of the wind tunnel.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental data should match that from literature to prove the successful implementation of the system.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Small open-circuit wind tunnel

of 125

Development of an Open-Source Flow-LoopLecturer, Mr S Roux

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundMany final year research projects re-use systems built by previous students but they are often not adaptable which leads tounnecessary additional work. Measurements devices are also expensive and their numbers are limited which reduces theiravailability to students.

2. Problem statementDesign, build, and test a flow-loop system based upon open-source platforms (eg. Arduino microcontrollers and Python).

3. Theoretical objectivesA flow-loop with a corresponding control system must be designed and implemented in such a way that it is easily adaptable.

4. Experimental objectivesA test case from literature must be chosen that can be display the full capabilities of the flow-loop.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental data should match that from literature to prove the successful implementation of the system.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Space in the thermal flow lab with a flow equipment (eg. pump and flow meter)

of 125

Expansion of a Closed-Circuit Wind Tunnel Control SystemLecturer, Mr S Roux

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundPrevious final years projects have developed and built a control system and apparatus for the large closed-circuit wind tunnelbut further developments are still required.

2. Problem statementExpand the current closed-circuit wind tunnel control system to include additional functionality.

3. Theoretical objectivesAdditional functionality that can be added includes: a control system for the scani-valve pressure measurement system, a controlsystem for a two-dimensional traverse, a data acquisition and reduction system for a 3 component balance, and code for specificmeasurement instruments.

4. Experimental objectivesAn experimental case from literature should be chosen that can test the full-range of additional functionality.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental results must be compared to those found in literature to verify the control system.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


The closed-circuit wind tunnel and

of 125

Mr L Page

Helical Baffles for a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger:Lecturer, Mr L Page

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundA shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger design, that is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Asits name implies, this type of heat exchanger consists of a shell (a large pressure vessel) with a bundle of tubes inside it. Onefluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid flows over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat between the two fluids.The set of tubes is called a tube bundle.

The classical shell and tube heat exchanger has straight baffles inside the shell, perpendicular to the shell's surface, to force thefluid over the tube bundles. However in many applications there is a build-up of sediment in the corners between the baffles andthe shell surface and to overcome this problem the concept of helical baffles has become very popular.

2. Problem statementDesign, build and test a small scale shell and tube heat exchanger with helical baffles for the purposes of reducing the sedimentbuild-up, while maintaining a high heat transfer rate and a low pressure drop.

3. Theoretical objectivesInvestigate / research the effects of different baffle configurations (normal and helical) on sediment build-up, heat transfer rateand pressure drop of a shell and tube heat exchanger. Design the shell and tube heat exchanger and estimate its efficiency fromavailable literature. CFD may be used to assist with the design and the estimation of the exchanger's efficiency.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild a small scale shell and tube heat exchanger from the design. Determine the correct testing procedures and methodologyfor the testing of this heat exchanger and then test the heat exchanger for a few different flow rates. The experimental dataobtained must then be compared to theoretical results and numerical data in order to asses the accuracy and validity of the heatexchanger design.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental data obtained must be intelligently and scientifically compared to theoretical and numerical results. Anydeviations between results must be investigated, reported and discussed in detail. Meaningful conclusions should then be madeas well as recommendations on how to improve the design of the heat exchanger.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


of 125

Thermocouples; Data Capturing Equipment; Make use of existing undergraduate Armfield test bench only for water heatingflow control - no modification made and no existing equipment tampered with.

of 125

Natural Convection for Parallel Heated Plates:Lecturer, Mr L Page

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundNatural convection is a mechanism, or type of heat transport, in which the fluid motion is not generated by any external source(like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.) but only by density differences in the fluid occurring due to temperature gradients. Acommon industrial application of natural convection is free air cooling without the aid of fans: this can happen on small scales(computer chips) to large scale process equipment. Natural convection, however, has a lower heat transfer rate than that offorced convection and thus ways of augmenting the heat transfer rate, due to natural convection, are of interest.

2. Problem statementInvestigate the effect that different plate geometries have on the heat transfer rate of parallel heated plates cooled by naturalconvection.

3. Theoretical objectivesThrough the use of CFD, numerically investigate the effect that vibration has on the heat transfer rate of parallel heated platescooled by natural convection for various different parameters such as:1) Rayleigh Number2) Plate spacing3) Plate geometry

4. Experimental objectivesDetermine the correct testing procedures and methodology for the testing of the heat transfer rate from heated parallel platescooled by natural convection. Build a test rig to experimentally validate the heat transfer characteristics, determinednumerically, for a selected case (set of parameters). The experimental data obtained must then be compared to theoretical andnumerical results.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental data obtained must be intelligently and scientifically compared to theoretical and numerical results. Anydeviations between results must be investigated, reported and discussed in detail. Meaningful conclusions should then be madeas well as any recommendations.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Thermocouples; Data Capturing Equipment.

of 125

Wing with Boundary Layer Suction:Lecturer, Mr L Page

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe boundary layer which forms on the suction surface of a wing contributes to profile drag which is a major component ofoverall aircraft drag especially when separation occurs at larger angles of attack. This study will entail the design of a wing witha porous suction or an upper surface with a suction system to remove the boundary layer which forms during flight conditions.The experimental investigation will involve the manufacture, assembly and wind tunnel testing of a representative wing model.

2. Problem statementDesign a wing with either porous suction or an upper surface with a suction system to remove the boundary layer, which formsduring flight conditions, in order to improve the performance of the wing.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe wing will be numerically modelled and the performance characteristics of the wing should be determined. Theseperformance characteristics should then used for comparison with the experimental results. The student must use the standardwing (without suction) as a benchmark.

4. Experimental objectivesIdentification of key characteristics of the wing that can be used to characterize the performance of the wing. Of thesecharacteristics should be the polar curve (lift coefficient versus drag coefficient). Other possible characteristics could include theporosity, suction power, etc. The student should select some of these characteristics and design experiments to accurately andrepeat ably measure these characteristics.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimentally measured and theoretically calculated characteristics of the wing should be intelligently and scientificallycompared. Additionally, the theoretically calculated characteristics of the standard wing (without suction) should be used as abenchmark. Any deviations between the two should be investigated, reported and discussed in detail. Meaningful conclusionsshould than be made as well as recommendations for future research aspects.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Closed-loop Wind Tunnel with associated pressure transducers and data capturing equipment.

of 125

Topology Optimization (Design of the Heat Conduction Structure):Lecturer, Mr L Page

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe progress toward smaller scales in electronics makes the cooling of integrate circuits become an important issue. Theconventional convective cooling method which is feasible and often used to control the temperature of a system becomesimpractical because the channels of heat transfer take up too much space for high compacted integrate circuit. Hence, it isnecessary to build heat conduct structures with high conductivity materials so that the heat can be collected, transferred andexchanged with external environment automatically and rapidly. A key problem is how to design the structures with a rationaldistribution of high conductive materials, which not only benefits to the temperature control but also can reduce material andmanufacturing costs and bring possibilities for further miniaturization.

2. Problem statementNumerically determine the optimized topology (conduction path) for transporting heat away from one or more heat sources(points) to a larger surface subject to cooling by natural convection. Critically assess and refine the optimized topology(conduction path) for practical manufacturability. Experimentally validate the numerically optimized topology (conductionpath).

3. Theoretical objectivesThrough the use of CFD, numerically determine the optimized topology (conduction path) for transporting heat away from oneor more heat sources (points) to a larger surface subject to cooling by natural convection. The surface temperaturecharacteristics must also be determined.

4. Experimental objectivesDetermine the correct testing procedures and methodology for the testing of the optimized topology (conduction path). Build atest rig to experimentally validate the surface temperature characteristics, determined numerically, for a selected case (set ofparameters). The experimental data obtained must then be compared to theoretical and numerical results.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental data obtained must be intelligently and scientifically compared to theoretical and numerical results. Anydeviations between results must be investigated, reported and discussed in detail. Meaningful conclusions should then be madeas well as recommendations on future work and improvements.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Thermocouples; Data Capturing Equipment.

of 125

Prof JP Meyer

of 125

Mr RF Meeser

Investigating the usability and limitations of low cost sensors and controllersLecturer, Mr RF Meeser

Max students, 5

Project Description

Laboratory testing is of high importance for the development of many products or systems. One of the main limiting factorswith respect to laboratory testing is the cost of measurement equipment. This equipment includes sensors and data acquisitionsystems.The goal of this project is to evaluate the usability of low cost sensors for common engineering laboratory problems, and to testthe limitations of such equipment as compared to commercially developed systems costing orders of magnitude more money.Typical sensors include accelerometers, gyros, magnetic field sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors etc.The theoretical aspect of this project will start with a specific type of sensor to be investigated, and looking at the operationalranges and typical applications in which such a sensor can be implemented. Then a comparison can be done between thecommercial high cost sensor and the low cost sensor, looking at price, data rates, resolution etc.For the experimental part of the project the student is to design an appropriate test setup in which both the high and low costsensors/data acquisition systems can be excited simultaneously and the data captured.The data from the tests can then be compared between the low cost and higher end commercial equipment and meaningfulconclusions can be made.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Binocular stabiliserLecturer, Mr RF Meeser

Max students, 5

Project Description

Binoculars are very handy devices used for observing objects that are too far to observe in detail with normal eyesight. Aproblem with binoculars is that as the magnification is increased so also is the perceived effect of the operator’s shakingincreased. This means that the image viewed by binoculars with higher magnifications tend to be shaky, up to a point where thebinocular becomes useless without a steadying device like a tripod.The goal of this research project is to build a stabiliser that is able to counter act the shaking displacements imposed by theoperator so as to effectively stabilise the image.The theoretical aspect of the project will entail determining the frequency range and magnitude of the forces required toeffectively stabilise a binocular for the average operator. An appropriately designed stabiliser is then to be designed to make useof linear solenoids to counter the vibrations.For the experimental setup it is required to build the designed stabiliser and test it using an appropriately conceived test setup.The results from the test setup are then to be compared to the theoretical predictions and the necessary conclusions are to bemade.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Keep track of moving clay target and advise on shooter’s accuracyLecturer, Mr RF Meeser

Max students, 5

Project Description

Many systems rely on knowing the location of various objects. Typical systems that use object tracking are traffic controlsystems, human-computer interaction and even sentry guns designed to track and shoot down incoming threats.The goal of this research project is to develop a system which is capable of tracking a clay pigeon (painted clay object, notactual bird) as well as the movement of the shooter’s shotgun so as to be able to give the shooter feedback on the accuracy of theshot. The time and distance of the hit needs to be accounted for using appropriate mathematics to account for the lead distancerequired to obtain a definite hit.For the theoretical aspect of the project it is required to study control systems and live image processing. This will then be usedto write a program that is able to identify the moving target, locate its coordinates as well as that of the shotgun and trigger timeto be able to comment on hit-rate.For the experimental side of the project the tracking system as described above will be used to verify hit-rate when a shooter istrying to shoot the moving target. The program will have to take into account the velocity of the object and typical projectiles(called shot) to be able to comment on the accuracy of the shot. All the necessary hardware for performing these tests will needto be manufactured (actual gun is not required as a simple geometrically similar substitute will work fine).Once the tests are completed the accuracy of the system may be evaluated using a set of performance criteria. After these testsare completed a conclusion as to the project must be made.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr G Mahmood

Flow visualization in a film-cooled turbine cascade.Lecturer, Dr G Mahmood

Max students, 4

Project Description

Near endwall secondary vortical-flow structures in the gas turbine blade and vane passages scoop-up the film-coverage flowmeant for blanketing the endwall from the hot main gas-flow. As a result, the endwall is exposed to the extremely hotcombustion gas flowing through the passage and subjected to the thermal stresses. Engineers apply different film coolingconfigurations and study the effects of the film-cooling flows on the near endwall vortical flows in the cascades with theobjectives of increasing the film coverage on the endwall. Flow visualization using the smoke or reacting agents or oil paint isan experimental technique in the cascade to determine qualitatively the interactions between the endwall vortical flows andfilm-cooling flow

This project will design, fabricate, and test an upstream film-cooling configuration in endwall in the UP low speed vanecascade. A flow visualization technique is to be developed and employed in cascade. The video streaming of the flow-field nearthe endwall is to be captured and presented.

Special instructions: The student undertaking the project must have good background in fluid mechanics. Some CFD(computational fluid dynamics) simulations using the commercial CFD softwares available at UP are desirable. CFD trainingsare usually offered during the March/April period of every year.

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

Dr. Gazi Mahmood


Eng 3, 6-67


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Pressure distributions on a grooved pin-fin and endwall.Lecturer, Dr G Mahmood

Max students, 4

Project Description

Pin-fins are commonly employed in the cooling channels of the gas turbine passages, electronic chips, bearing housings, andjackets of machine-components to provide structural support as well as to enhance convection heat transfer. However, largepressure penalty across the pin-fin channel increases the pumping power requirements of the coolant flow through the channel.The thermal performance of the pin-fin cooling channel thus suffers. Engineers employ different configurations and geometry ofthe pin-fins to reduce the pressure penalty with the minimal effects on the heat transfer enhancements. As the circular pin-finsare common in the applications, geometric modifications are applied on the circular pin-fins to investigate the effects in therectangular channel flow.

This project will design, fabricate and investigate the wall-static pressure distributions on and around a circular pin-fin modifiedwith longitudinal grooves (parallel to the pin-axis). The pin-fin and neighbouring endwall are to be instrumented for the pressuremeasurements, and then tested in the pin-fin test facility of the study leader.

Special instructions: The student undertaking the project must have good background in fluid mechanics. Some CFD(computational fluid dynamics) simulations using the commercial CFD softwares available at UP are desirable. CFD trainingsare usually offered during the March/April period of every year.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Convection heat transfer distributions on a grooved pin-fin and endwall.Lecturer, Dr G Mahmood

Max students, 4

Project Description

Pin-fins are commonly employed in the cooling channels of the gas turbine passages, electronic chips, bearing housings, andjackets of machine-components to provide structural support as well as to enhance convection heat transfer. However, largepressure penalty across the pin-fin channel increases the pumping power requirements of the coolant flow through the channel.The thermal performance of the pin-fin cooling channel thus suffers. Engineers employ different configurations and geometry ofthe pin-fins to reduce the pressure penalty with the minimal effects on the heat transfer enhancements. As the circular pin-finsare common in the applications, geometric modifications are applied on the circular pin-fins to investigate the effects in therectangular channel flow.

This project will design, fabricate and investigate the convection heat transfer distributions on and around a circular pin-finmodified with longitudinal grooves (parallel to the pin-axis). The pin-fin and neighbouring endwall are to be instrumented forthe temperature measurements, and then tested in the pin-fin test facility of the study leader.

Special instructions: The student undertaking the project must have good background in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. SomeCFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations using the commercial CFD softwares available at UP are desirable. CFDtrainings are usually offered during the March/April period of every year.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Convection heat transfer in a narrow channel with the synthetic jet.Lecturer, Dr G Mahmood

Max students, 4

Project Description

Synthetic jets are also known as the periodic jets and zero mass-flux jets. Because of the low power requirements with the smallmass flow rate, the synthetic jects are being investigated in the recent years in the cooling applications of electronic chips. Mostof the investigations apply the jets in the direction perpendicular to the target surface or in the impingement configuration. Thepresent investigation will apply the synthetic jet parallel to the surface in a narrow channel. The channel walls will be heated toquantify the forced convection effects from the synthetic jet.

This project will design, fabricate and investigate a synthethic jet. The narrow channel coupled and subjected to the synthetic jetflow also needs to be designed fabricated, and instrumented for the temperature measurements. The forced-convection heattransfer distributions on the channel-walls are to be determined. The measurements must take place in the UP Wind Tunnel lab.

Special instructions: The student undertaking the project must have good background in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. SomeCFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations using the commercial CFD softwares available at UP are desirable. CFDtrainings are usually offered during the March/April period of every year.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Prof S Kok

Determine the stress-strain curve of cold-drawn steel wireLecturer, Prof S Kok

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundCold-drawn steel wire is used to reinforce lightweight concrete, by forming short section of wire into hooked end shapes. Thesewires are mixed into wet concrete and once the concrete sets these wires provide tensile strength to the concrete. If a wirebridges a crack in the concrete, it requires significant force to pull the metal wire from the concrete. The metal wire undergoesbending and reverse bending as it is pulled from the concrete. Measuring the area under the force-displacement curve of the wirepull-out process quantifies the energy requires to pull out the wire. The force-displacement curve is complex and in order todesign the reinforcing wires, we need to be able to predict the force-displacement curves for different wires. In order to performa finite element simulation of the wire pull-out process, we need an accurate stress-strain curve of the steel wire (well into theplasticity domain).

2. Problem statementCold-drawn steel wire generally has a high yield stress, but low work hardening after initial yielding. This results in the earlyonset of necking during a tensile test. However, during bending the wire remains ductile. Therefore, conceive and execute asimple bending/reverse bending experiment that bends the wire in one direction, then unloads, and finally bends the wire in theopposite direction. Now perform a finite element analysis of the bending/reverse bending experiment. Use inverse analysis toestimate the stress-strain curve of the wire such that the simulated and measured response of the steel wire matches well.

3. Theoretical objectivesUnderstanding necking and localization due to low work hardening. Learning how to perform a large strain plasticity simulationand how to solve inverse identification problems.

4. Experimental objectivesDesign and construct a reverse bending experiment

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsReverse bending experiment and the finite element analysis of the same experiment should match.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Determine the stress-strain curve of aluminium using an indentation testLecturer, Prof S Kok

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundA popular non-destructive method to determine the stress-strain curve of metals is to perform a micro-indentation test. As theindentor is forced into the metal surface, the load deflection curve is measured. The unloading curve is also measured as theindentor is removed from the metal. The stress-strain curve of the material is then estimated by performing an inverseidentification analysis, where a finite element analysis of the indentation test is tuned until good agreement is achieved betweenthe simulated and measured data. In some instances the geometry of the indentation after completion of the test is also usedduring the inverse analysis.

2. Problem statementPerform a large scale indentation test (kN load magnitude instead of a micro indentation experiment) to infer the stress-straincurve of a soft metal (typical aluminium).

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop the skills required to perform large plastic strain finite element simulations.

4. Experimental objectivesPerform indentation tests and scan the imprint left after the indentor is removed.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsIdentify the stress-strain curve that results in good agreement between the indentation test and a finite element simulation of thesame test.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Identify the stress-strain curves of metals after necking during tensile testsLecturer, Prof S Kok

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe simplest experiment to obtain the stress-strain curve of metals in the plastic region is to perform a tensile test. However,once the work hardening rate reduces to a value less than the uniaxial stress, localization (necking) occurs. After this point thestress state and the associated deformation is no longer homogeneous. Simple post-processing breaks down and theexperimental load-deflection curve can no longer be processed to provide a stress-strain curve. However, a large plastic strainfinite element analysis of such a tensile test, proceeding beyond necking, can be used to infer the stress-strain curve of the metalby solving an inverse identification problem. The assumed stress-strain curve used by the FEM model is tuned until thesimulated and measured responses match.

2. Problem statementUse a tensile test to infer the stress-strain curve of a material. Use all the measured data during this work, including thepost-necking behaviour.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop the skills required to set up and solve a large plastic strain finite element model. Also master inverse identificationtechniques.

4. Experimental objectivesPerform tensile test and capture the relevant load-deflection curves. To accurately capture the post-necking behaviour digitalimage correlation (DIC) techniques might be required.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsTune the assumed stress-strain curve used in a finite element simulation of a tensile test in order to achieve a good match of allthe measured data, including post-necking experimental data.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr CJ Kat

Improving biofidelity of the canine spine segment modelLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundLumbosacral fracture-luxations are most commonly seen in younger dogs as a result of motor vehicle trauma (Seim, 2002).Since any instability over a fracture line will result in delayed healing and excessive callus formation, the ideal fixation methodsshould be able to withstand even minimal angular deformation. Various fixation methods exist having different advantages anddisadvantages. It is required that these fixation techniques be tested in order to quantify their strength and determine their modeof failure.In order to test and compare the various fixation techniques these fixation methods have to be applied to spine segmentsharvested from cadavers. It is difficult to get spine segments that are exactly similar and this makes comparison betweenfixation techniques difficult as there are a lot of variation introduced by the cadaver spine specimens that are used.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in biomechanics as the student will have to read up on spine biomechanics. This project will require the use of CAEtools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform the modelling. The student willtherefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools.

2. Problem statementA spine segment model of the lumbar spine has been developed. Currently it can only produce linear joint stiffness. The studentneeds to improve the biofidelity of the spine segment model.

3. Theoretical objectivesAn accurate model of the spine segment model is required that is able to capture the behavior of the spine segment in flexionand extension.

4. Experimental objectivesThe spine segment model has to be characterized in order to obtain experimental measurements of the joint stiffness’s and itsbehavior in flexion-extension. The experimental data can then be used to determine the biofidelity of the spine segment modelas well as to validate the theoretical model. If the biofidelity of the spine segment model is found to be lacking the spinesegment model has to be improved.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe theoretical model of the spine segment has to be validated by comparing the predicted behavior to the experimentallymeasured behavior. Relevant validation metrics must be used.

Group

Vehicle Systems Group

Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500

of 125


5kN tensile tester

of 125

Comparison of canine spinal loading simulatorsLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundLumbosacral fracture-luxations are most commonly seen in younger dogs as a result of motor vehicle trauma (Seim, 2002).Since any instability over a fracture line will result in delayed healing and excessive callus formation, the ideal fixation methodsshould be able to withstand even minimal angular deformation. Various fixation methods exist having different advantages anddisadvantages. These fixation techniques have to be tested in order to quantify their strength and determine their mode offailure.In order to test and compare the various fixation techniques they are usually applied to spine segments harvested from cadavers.The fixated cadaver spines are then loaded via a spinal loading simulator. Various studies use different spinal loading simulatorsto load the spine. Due to differences in how the simulator applies forces and constraints to the spine specimen results fromdifferent simulators may therefore be different.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in biomechanics as the student will have to read up on spine biomechanics. This project will require the use of CAEtools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform the modelling. The student willtherefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools.

2. Problem statementVarious studies use different spinal loading simulators to load the spine. Due to differences in how the simulator applies forcesand constraints to the spine specimen results from different simulators may therefore be different. Compare the most popularspinal loading simulators and quantify the differences.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the spine segment and the various spinal loading simulators and predict and compare the results. Investigate thedifferences and identify the sources of these differences between the simulators.

4. Experimental objectivesTest the spine segment and spinal loading simulators that were modelled and obtain experimental data that can be used tovalidate the models that were used during the theoretical investigation. The experimental data must also be used to iinvestigatethe differences and identify the sources of these differences between the simulators.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe theoretical models created must be validated against the experimental results. Relevant validation metrics must be used.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


5kN tensile tester of 125

Uncertainty quantification of the muscle forces on a seated bicep curl exerciseLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundDesign of exercise equipment is a complicated task and warrants consideration of a series of biomechanical and ergonomicsfactors. Furthermore, increased loading is inevitable on certain parts of the body due to the repetitive nature of exercises.Improvement in equipment design could reduce this hazard and offset such a negative effect on the body. Mathematical andcomputer modelling is suitable for a wide variety of applications such as sports and training equipment. Capable of simulatingmusculoskeletal human models with mechanical systems, three dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modelling may be able toanswer many questions concerning the effects of the resistance training equipment on the body.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in biomechanics as the student will have to read up on the biomechanics related to the bicep curl exercise. Thisproject will require the use of CAE tools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform themodelling. The student will therefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools.

2. Problem statementVarious parameters (such as muscle insertion points) are difficult to obtain when creating musculoskeletal models. The effect ofthese parameters on the force produced in the muscle of the arm has to be investigated and quantified.

3. Theoretical objectivesCreate a musculoskeletal model of the upper body/upper limbs of the human that are relevant to the bicep curl exercise. Themusculoskeletal model should be able to perform a bicep curl and predict the forces in the prime flexors of the elbow. Themusculoskeletal model should be parameterized such that it can be used to quantify the uncertainty of the model. Sources ofuncertainty that the model needs to be able to capture is, but not limited to, muscle origin and insertion points.

4. Experimental objectivesObtain relevant measurements on the mechanical arm-seated bicep curl exercise machine in order to validate the predictions ofthe musculoskeletal model created.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidation of the musculoskeletal model has to be performed by comparing the experimental measurements to the predictions ofthe model. The validation process must include uncertainty quantification and make use of relevant validation metrics.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Lumbar spine model for vehicle ride studiesLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundVehicle ride is one of the important aspects when considering vehicle dynamics. The human is subjected to whole bodyvibrations in the vehicle. The main source of vibration is the road irregularities. The human perceives the vibrations and relatesthis to ride comfort. In addition to ride comfort it is also important to consider health aspect of whole body vibration. Healtheffects of whole body vibration have been reported to be linked with lower back pain. Lumbar spinal models have beendeveloped to investigate the intervertebral disc pressures in whole body vibration applications.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in biomechanics and vehicle dynamics as the student will have to read up on these fields. This project will require theuse of CAE tools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform the modelling. The studentwill therefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools. The project will also require the student to designand manufacture a lumbar spine model.

2. Problem statementDevelop a lumbar spine model that can be used to investigate spinal loads in whole body vibration applications. The applicationof interest is vehicles.

3. Theoretical objectivesCreate a model of the lumbar spinal model and use this model to predict the loads on the lumbar spine during relevant vehicledriving conditions.

4. Experimental objectivesManufacture the designed lumbar spine model. Test the lumbar spine model and generate the experimental data needed tovalidate the model created during the theoretical objectives.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidate the model of the lumbar spine created during the theoretical work using the experimental data measured.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Electrodynamic shaker or hydraulic actuator

of 125

Ride evaluation optimisation of a bicycleLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundCycling is a popular recreational past time for many. The terrain that many of these mountain bikers take on is in many casesextremely rough. Mountain bikes (MTB) have evolved from no suspension, to compliant front forks to the currentfull-suspension mountain bikes in order to improve handling as well as ride comfort to the rider. The ride of a bicycle is not onlyimportant in mountain biking but also for bike commuters using non-suspended bikes.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in human factors in vehicle dynamics as the student will have to read up on ride comfort standards. This project willrequire the use of CAE tools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform the modelling.The student will therefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools.

2. Problem statementRide of a bicycle is important from both a health and perception perspective. The optimal settings for a suspended andnon-suspended bicycle is critical in obtaining the best ride.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the bicycle (suspended or non-suspended) using a multi-dynamics software package such as ADAMS in order to evaluateand optimize the ride of the bicycle.

4. Experimental objectivesObtain the required parameters needed to model the bicycle as well as the experimental measurements to validate the model.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidation of the model has to be performed by comparing the experimental measurements to the predictions of the model. Thevalidation process must make use of relevant validation metrics.Note that even though this project is suggested to make use of a bicycle the vehicle considered may also be the Tuks Bajavehicle.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Sensitivity analysis of ride comfort evaluationsLecturer, Dr CJ Kat

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe ride of a vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle, car, etc.) is of critical importance and these days consumers expect exceptional levelsof ride comfort from their vehicle. Vehicle manufacturers evaluate the ride comfort of the vehicle using applicable standards toensure that it meets consumer expectations. It is therefore critical that the ride comfort evaluations are performed with a robustand reliable procedure.This project requires a dedicated student that is up for a challenging and interesting project. The student should preferably havean interest in human factors in vehicle dymanics as the student will have to read up on ride comfort standards. This project willrequire the use of CAE tools, such as a Multi-body dynamics software package (i.e. ADAMS/View), to perform the modelling.The student will therefore be required to familiarise him/herself with the required tools.

2. Problem statementDetermine the sensitivity of ride comfort evaluations to important and relevant parameters (such as speed).

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the vehicle using a multi-dynamics software package such as ADAMS in order to determine the relevant parameters andperform the sensitivity analysis.

4. Experimental objectivesObtain the required parameters needed to model the vehicle as well as the experimental measurements to validate the model.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidation of the model has to be performed by comparing the experimental measurements to the predictions of the model. Thevalidation process must make use of relevant validation metrics.Note that no vehicle has been specified. It is however suggested that the student make use of a bicycle or the Tuks Baja vehiclein this project.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr H Inglis

Mechanical properties of polymer-clay nanocompositesLecturer, Dr H Inglis

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundPolymer-clay nanocomposites are polymers reinforced with nanoscale (1 – 100 nm dimension) clay inclusions, significantlyimproving the stiffness and strength of the polymer, as well as other mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. However,toughness or impact strength may be compromised, in ways which are not yet well-understood. The statistical variation inherentto the material complicates the problem of identifying the effect of the clay inclusions on the composite properties.

http://www.composites.northwestern.edu/research/nanomulticomp/index.htm

Moyo, L., Focke, W. W., Heidenreich, D., Labuschagne, F. J. W. J., Radusch, H.-J. (2013) “Properties of layered doublehydroxide micro- and nanocomposites”, Materials Research Bulletin, 48:1218-1227

Chen, B. and Evans, J. R. G. (2009) “Impact strength of polymer-clay nanocomposites”, Soft Matter, 5:3572-3584

2. Problem statementInvestigate the effect of different size, shape and volume fractions of clay inclusions on the strength and toughness of polymers.

3. Theoretical objectivesUse a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach to design appropriate experiments, and then to analyse the statistical variationsbetween similar samples as well as the statistical effect of the inclusions.

4. Experimental objectivesManufacture polymer-clay nanocomposites with clay inclusions of varying shape, size, volume fraction or type, and conducttests to determine the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite, as well as observing the failure surfaces.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare results of experimental and theoretical investigations.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Microscopy to investigate properties of polymer-clay nanocompositesLecturer, Dr H Inglis

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundPolymer-clay nanocomposites are polymers reinforced with nanoscale (1 – 100 nm dimension) clay inclusions, significantlyimproving the stiffness and strength of the polymer, as well as other mechanical, chemical and thermal properties.Understanding the effect of inclusions on the mechanical properties of the polymer requires an identification of themicrostructural mechanisms of failure, performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Tunneling ElectronMicroscope (TEM).

http://www.composites.northwestern.edu/research/nanomulticomp/index.htm

Moyo, L., Focke, W. W., Heidenreich, D., Labuschagne, F. J. W. J., Radusch, H.-J. (2013) “Properties of layered doublehydroxide micro- and nanocomposites”, Materials Research Bulletin, 48:1218-1227

Chen, B. and Evans, J. R. G. (2009) “Impact strength of polymer-clay nanocomposites”, Soft Matter, 5:3572-3584

Wang, K., Chen, L., Wu, J. Toh, M. L., He, C. and Yee, A. F. (2005) “Epoxy Nanocomposites with Highly Exfoliated Clay:Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms”, Macromolecules, 38:788-800

2. Problem statementInvestigate the failure mechanisms of polymer clay nanocomposites using SEM and TEM.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the nanocomposite using either numerical techniques or mathematical techniques to help to understand the underlyingmechanisms of failure.

4. Experimental objectivesManufacture polymer-clay nanocomposites with clay inclusions of varying shape, size, volume fraction or type. Conductfracture or impact tests, and microscopically observe the failure surfaces to investigate the failure mechanisms of thenanocomposite.


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


List Any Specific Experimental Requirements e.g. specific lab equipment, services or space/location requirements of 125

Investigation of limit load analysis to characterise plastic collapse in structuralmembers containi

Lecturer, Dr H InglisMax students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundPlastic collapse occurs in a structural member when yielding has progressed to such an extent that the member behaves as ahinge, and can hence no longer sustain any load. Note that plastic collapse occurs considerably later than the onset of yield inthe member. Limit load analysis is a theoretical tool allowing the prediction of plastic collapse loads. This is especially usefulfor structures which contain defects, and which are hence harder to analyse using simple mechanics.

Miller, A. G. (1988), “Review of Limit Loads of Structures Containing Defects”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels andPiping, 32: 197-327.

Benham, P. P., Crawford, R. J., Armstrong, C. G. (1996), Mechanics of Engineering Materials, 2nd Edition, Chapter 15.

2. Problem statementInvestigate the effectiveness of limit load analysis at predicting the plastic collapse load for structural members containingdefects, considering a range of defects for a chosen structural member and loading combination. Compare limit load analysiswith both experimental results and nonlinear finite element analysis.

3. Theoretical objectivesUse the limit load analysis techniques to identify plastic collapse loads for the chosen structural member and loadingcombination, for a range of defects. Use nonlinear finite element methods to model the plastic behaviour of the structure forvarious assumptions of yielding behaviour.

4. Experimental objectivesChoose a structural member and loading configuration, and experimentally test for a range of defect shapes and sizes.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare results of experimental, theoretical and numerical investigations.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

A large-scale experimental study of debondingLecturer, Dr H Inglis

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundMicromechanics modeling is a technique for predicting the homogenised (or smoothed) behaviour at the macroscale of aheterogeneous or composite microstructure. Various analytical techniques can be used to solve the theoretical problem. Whenan analytical micromechanics solution exists it is considerably cheaper than a full numerical simulation. Micromechanicsmodels for particle debonding make use of an interface cohesive law to model the failure of the particle-matrix interface.However, these models are hard to validate, as they are applied to small length scales. The objective of this study is to develop alarge-scale model of debonding to experimentally observe debonding behaviour.

H. M. Inglis, et al., 2007, “Cohesive modeling of dewetting in particulate composites:Micromechanics vs. multiscale finite element analysis.” Mechanics of Materials, 39, 580-595.

Tan, H., Huang, Y., Lui, C., Ravichandran, G., Inglis, H. M., Geubelle, P. H. (2007), “The uniaxial tension of particulatecomposite materials with nonlinear interface debonding”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44:1809-1822.

2. Problem statementDevelop a large-scale model of debonding to experimentally observe the debonding of rigid particles from a compliant matrix.Consider different size / shape inclusions, and different types of material to use as a matrix. Consider also the geometricdimensions of the problem – three-dimensional vs plane stress or plane strain.

3. Theoretical objectivesModel the debonding either mathematically (using a micromechanics model) or numerically (using FEM) incorporating acohesive interface law.

4. Experimental objectivesDevelop a large-scale model of debonding to experimentally observe the debonding of rigid particles from a compliant matrix.Observe the manner in which interface failure proceeds, and draw conclusions.


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Prof PS Heyns

Dynamic characterisation of rubber mountsLecturer, Prof PS Heyns

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundRubber mounts are widely used for supporting dynamic equipment such as vibratory screens. To determine the dynamic forceson the screen foundations, accurate dynamic models of these mounts are required that can be used together with multi-bodydynamic models of the screens. While various models like these (e.g. the Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models) exist and arewidely used in finite element modelling, the parameters of these models must however generally be based on experimental data.The University of Pretoria has just received funding to purchase a suite of four high speed digital cameras. Using these cameraswith techniques such as digital image correlation, in conjunction with the servo-hydraulic actuators in the Sasol Lab, this projectaims to develop materials characterization techniques which could be applied to characterisation of actual rubber mounts.2. Problem statementDevelop a methodology that will allow the dynamic characterization of rubber mounts using a suite of high speed digitalcameras. Use these characteristics to design new mount configurations and test the ability of the material models to predict thedynamic response of the new mounts.3. Theoretical objectivesIdentify appropriate materials models for rubber mounts and implement in a finite element code. Use experimental results basedon digital images to find the optimal characteristics.4. Experimental objectivesConduct tests to capture the dynamic responses of the mounts over an appropriate frequency range, and find methods to usethese results to determine the material parameters.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Validate and update the numerical model against experimental results. Use the updated model for the optimisation studies. Makemodelling and design recommendations.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


C-AIM research funding

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Develop a methodology to measure the torsional vibration of machinery in robustenvironments

Lecturer, Prof PS HeynsMax students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundIt is known that accurate measurement of the torsional behaviour of rotating machinery can provide very useful additionaldiagnostic information which complements information obtained from conventional translational accelerometer information.One of the techniques which is increasingly used for this purpose is the so-called zebra strip. These are typically encoder tapeswith black and white stripes which are attached to the rotating shaft, used with optical sensors. These stripes usually suffer fromgeometrical imperfections that need to be compensated for to obtain good results. The Centre for Asset Integrity Managementhas developed such compensation techniques (Diamond, Heyns and Oberholster, Online shaft encoder geometry compensationfor arbitrary shaft speed profiles using Bayesian regression, MSSP, 2016).These optical tapes are however not suitable for application in very robust environments such as mining applications. Thisproject is intended to develop more robust techniques that might for example rely on magnetic pulses which will continue towork under very dirty and tough environments.2. Problem statementDevelop a tough encoder tape sensor combination that could be used in mining and other robust applications. Accuratelycalibrate the new sensor configuration using appropriate techniques such as conventional optical zebra stripes, high speedphotography, torsional laser vibrometry, etc. Test and validate the results under simulated field conditions. Then apply the newmethodology to selected real problems and demonstrate the diagnostic value of the new technique.3. Theoretical objectivesUnderstand and implement the theoretical methodology developed by Diamond, Heyns and Oberholster (2016). Criticallycompare this to other techniques through numerical simulation. Investigate the possibility of optimising the stripe configuration.Explore the effect of lateral vibration.4. Experimental objectivesDevelop a suitable experimental test setup to conduct accurate torsional vibration measurements under highly fluctuating speedconditions. Allow introduction of lateral dynamics to ‘contaminate’ the measurements.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results. Do extensive validation and model improvement.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


C-AIM Research Funding

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dynamic investigations of vibratory screensLecturer, Prof PS Heyns

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundModern vibratory screens are very commonly used in material handling applications. Many of these screens are howeverdesigned and built using very simple analytical models which have not been properly validated experimentally. This projectentails the development of such models in a multi-body dynamics environment, and the experimental validation of these modelson a laboratory set-up.2. Problem statementDevelop appropriate numerical models of a vibratory screen with a subframe and material running over the screen. Developequations of motion and implement in an appropriate simulation model. Validate experimentally.3. Theoretical objectivesStart with a simple 2DOF rigid body model. Then add appropriate rotational degrees of freedom. Make provision for detailedmodelling of the screen mounts. Implement in MATLAB or Python for numerical solution of the transient problem. Then solvethe equations in a numerical environment.4. Experimental objectivesDevelop a versatile small scale laboratory simulator which will be used as the platform for a long term screen developmentproject. Conduct extensive experimental investigations using conventional and digital image correlation techniques.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsDo extensive experimental validation and model updating. Develop careful recommendations for future work.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


C-AIM research funding

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Prof PS Els

Baja Brake SystemLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. Background: The TUKSBaja team always have challenges to get the rear brakes to lock up the rear wheels as required by thecompetition rules.

2. Problem statement: Analyse the brake system with the intent to improve the system

3. Theoretical objectives: Model the brake system from the brake pedal up to the brake force that can be applied between thetyres and the road. Determine the critical factors that influence braking performance significantly and suggest improvements.

4. Experimental objectives: Measure brake system parameters to quantify baseline performance as well as to validate the model.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results. Compare measured braking performance with theoreticalpredictions

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Semi-active Suspension SystemLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. Background: Vehicle ride comfort and handling can be improved significantly using a semi-active suspension system that canchange both spring and damper characteristics to quickly adapt to different operating conditions. VDG has designed such asystem for an off-road vehicle. The system performance needs to be validated.

2. Problem statement: Evaluate a new semi-active spring-damper system to determine whether the syste complies to setspecifications. This requires theoretical and experimental work that can be combined to achieve an accurate model.

3. Theoretical objectives: Model the suspension system to predict spring and damper characteristics

4. Experimental objectives: Characterise the system to measure spring and damper characteristics as well as response times

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results: Compare the predicted and measured spring and dampercharacteristics. Update the model as required to better represent test results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Hydraulic actuator tesing and modelingLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. Background: Vehicle dynamics research often require testing of vehicle components (e.g. springs or dampers), as well astesting of full vehicles, under controlled laboratory conditions. This goal is often achieved by using servo-hydraulic actuatorsthat can be mounted in a 4-poster arrangement.

2. Problem statement: characterise an existing hydraulic actuator and servo valve to determine if it is suitable in a 4-posterapplication

3. Theoretical objectives: Model the hydraulic cylinder by taking flow, friction and servo valve dynamics into account

4. Experimental objectives: characterise the hydraulic cylinder to obtain parameters required for the model as well as validationof the model

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results: Use the results of both the theoretical and experimentalobjectives to determine suitability of the actuator for use in a 4-poster setup, as well as to recommend possible design changes

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Three dimensional tyre geometryLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. Background: In order to build realistic and accurate mathematical tyre models, used for computer added design (CAD) orsimulation purposes, one needs to know the three dimensional (3-D) geometry of a tyre.

2. Problem statement: Develop a measurement system that is able to accurately measure the 3-D geometry of a tyre of varioussizes, ranging from a 300mm diameter tyre up to a 4m diameter tyre.

3. Theoretical objectives: Develop techniques to efficiently develop 3D solid CAD models of a tyre using the measuredgeometry

4. Experimental objectives: Calibrate the measurement system using objects of known shape and dimensions. Quantify theaccuracy. Use the measurement system to measure the geometry of tyre of various sizes.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results. Prove that the measurement system can accurately measure3D tyre geometry and convert this into an accurate solid model.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

Mr Carl Becker


Eng II


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Tyre material propertiesLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. Background: The mathematical modelling of tyres with the use of Finite Element Models (FEM) requires the materialproperties of the tyre to be determined. The tyre carcass is a complex composite material consisting of different tyres of rubberas well as reinforcements made from steel or other materials.

2. Problem statement: Develop methods to experimentally measure tyre material properties as well as fit non-linear materialmodels to the data.

3. Theoretical objectives: Use experimental data to fit non-linear material models

4. Experimental objectives: Measure material properties

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results: Compare numerical fits to experimental data

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

Mr Carl Becker


Eng II


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Tyre-road frictionLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. Background: The friction force between the tyre and terrain is one of the most important parameters in vehicle dynamics.State-of-the-art tyre and terrain models allow for a friction coefficient that varies over the terrain from point to point.

2. Problem statement: Develop a method or technique to measure the friction coefficient over small blocks of terrain (e.g. 25x25mm blocks)

3. Theoretical objectives: Implement the variation in friction coefficient in a model of tyre-terrain contact over a rough Belgianpaving terrain by superimposing friction on terrain roughness.

4. Experimental objectives: Measure the friction coefficient for many points on a Belgian Paving test track.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results: Investigate the effect of the variation in friction onsimulation results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

Mr Carl Becker


Eng II


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Friction envelope of tyres on off-road terrainLecturer, Prof PS Els

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. Background: The use of side force vs. slip angle characteristics as well as longitudinal force vs. slip, over hard smoothterrains, in tyre models are well known. These relationships are however not well understood over deformable terrain such assand, gravel and mud.

2. Problem statement: Determine side force vs. slip angle characteristics as well as longitudinal force vs. slip, over deformableterrain such as sand, gravel and mud.

3. Theoretical objectives: Investigate if existing tyre models, developed for hard terrains, can be used to predict tyre forces onsoft terrains.

4. Experimental objectives: Obtain tyre forces my measurement on soft terrains

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results. Compare modelling results to experimental results anddetermine if existing tyre models can be used under these conditions

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

Mr Carl Becker


EngII


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr J Dirker

Rib heat transfer enhancement in water systems using liquid crystal thermographyLecturer, Dr J Dirker

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundImproved thermal systems required innovative enhance heat transfer mechanism to reduce entropy generation. Several enhancedheat transfer systems exist, which increases local heat transfer coefficients. One such method makes use of ribbed walls on aheat transfer surfaces. These ribs disturb boundary layer development.

2. Problem statementThe local heat transfer coefficients on a ribbed wall with water as the fluid (having a relatively high Prandtl number) are to bedetermined experimentally and numerically for different water flow rates and ribbed geometric parameters (such as pitch, heightand aspect ratio).

3. Theoretical objectivesSet up a numerical model which could be used to predict the wall heat transfer and temperature distribution on a ribbed wallwith a uniform heat flux imposed on it. The flow is to flow perpendicular to the rib direction. Local heat transfer coefficients areto be determined for different flow rate and geometrical parameters of the ribs.

4. Experimental objectivesImprove an existing set-up test-section that will make use of liquid crystal thermography (a paint layer that will change colour interms of temperature) to measure the local base wall temperatures of a ribbed wall. The test section is to be transparent to allowfor visual recording of the colour response of the paint using a LCD camera. Based on the imposed heat flux and the energybalance principle, determine the local heat transfer coefficients for different flow rates and rib dimensional parameters. (Eachstudent is to investigate a different geometrical parameter).

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare experimentally and theoretically obtained trends with each other. Comment on observable trends and the possibleexistence of an optimum rib parameter.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Thermocouples, Dataloggers, Power Supply.

of 125

Thermal storage using phase change materialsLecturer, Dr J Dirker

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundIn renewable energy system there is a need to store thermal energy over short and long time spans. Long time-span storage isneeded in, for instance, solar power plants to extend the power production period into the night, while short time-span storagemight be needed to stabilise the operation of solar thermal power system for short periods such as when cloud coverage abruptlyreduce direct solar heat rates. Several techniques exist to assist with thermal energy storage, but when space is restricted, highdensity thermal capacity is required. For this reason phase change materials are desirable, because during latent heat transfer(melting or solidification), relatively large amount of energy can be received or released per mass of the material. Severalmaterials exist that have different phase change temperature which might be suitable for different applications (high temperatureand low temperature). High temperature applications often require molten salts, while at lower temperature applications paraffinbased materials are suitable. Unfortunately most of these materials have low thermal conductivities, which inhibit the fastreception and release of thermal energy.

2. Problem statementDue to the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials, there is a need to modify the internal structure of the thermalstorage modules to be able to react quickly to changes in the operation state of a solar system. Extended surface (such as fins)are suitable to increase the internal thermal conductivity of the module, however, the impact of these fin-structures are not wellcharacterised and requires focused additional investigation.

3. Theoretical objectivesUnderstand the enthalpy method for predicting the phase-change process. Implement this method in a CFD program (such asAnsys Fluent) to investigate different scenarios of internal finned structures in a rectangular storage module filled with phasechange material. Focus is to be placed on the melting or solidification processes. Attention is to be given on the impact of onegeometric parameter per student (such as length, thickness, pitch, and gap-size at the base of at each fin).

4. Experimental objectivesDesign and construct a set-up to match the predefined geometric lay-out selected. At least two test modules must be constructed(i.e. for two chosen geometric parameters). Construct, calibrate and install suitable thermal probes. Track the internaltemperature response inside the phase change material during charging and discharging cycles to track the phase change processfor different heat transfer rates. Attempt to visually see the progression of the phase boundary with time as melting andsolidification occurs.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare experimental and theoretical results with each other and comment on whether CFD analyses could be suitable tocapture the impact of ach geometric parameter. After adjusting the CFD model, extend the CFD analysis to be able tocharacterise the effect of the geometric parameter (i.e. perform several more analyses for different values of the geometricparameter).

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR) of 125

500


Power supply, datalogger, thermocouples

of 125

Natural renewable cooling using phase change materialLecturer, Dr J Dirker

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundSignificant amounts of thermal energy are absorbed or released when a substance undergoes phase change. This latent effect canbe used in a wide range of application including passive cooling systems that store the “coolness” of the atmosphere bysolidification during night (charging phase) and releases the “coolness” by melting during the day (discharging phase) whencooling is needed. Several materials (such as paraffin-waxes) exist that undergo phase change in the thermal comfort range ofhumans. Unfortunately, many of these substances have low thermal conductivities, which inhibit the absorption and release heatrates. However, when harnessed correctly, this can dramatically reduce energy consumption of an air-conditioning plant.

2. Problem statementCharacterise a simple phase-change latent storage geometry (such as plates or cylinders) in different gravitational orientationswithin an air flow stream. Due to gravity, denser solid phase molecules will drop to the bottom of the phase change cavity. Thiswill alter the transient thermal response of the module. It is unknown what impact the geometry and orientation have on thedischarging (melting) rates.

3. Theoretical objectivesUnderstand the enthalpy method for predicting the phase-change process. Implement this method in a CFD program (such asAnsys Fluent) for one predefined geometric lay-out without the effect of gravity. Perform a set of discharging transient stateanalyses for different geometrical parameters (widths and/or diameters).

4. Experimental objectivesDesign and construct a set-up to match the predefined geometric lay-out selected. At least two test modules must be constructed(ie. two chosen geometric parameters). Construct, calibrate and install suitable thermal probes. Track the internal temperatureresponse inside the phase change material during discharging to track the phase change process for at least 3 gravitationorientations (including vertical and horizontal orientations).

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare experimental and theoretical results with each other and comment on whether CFD analyses without gravity aresuitable. Describe observable experimental trends and comment whether the orientation of the modules have an influence on thedischarge rates

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Thermocouples, Dataloggers, Power Supply.

of 125

Parabolic through solar collector adaption for water heatingLecturer, Dr J Dirker

Max students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundNon-traditional innovative water heating systems can reduce the energy utility bill of users that require larger quantities of hotwater. Such systems can also assist in reducing the burden on the power utility companies and reduce the impact of powerproduction the environment.

2. Problem statementA non-traditional water heating system concept that appears promising, is to be experimentally investigated in order to evaluateif there is technical merit in developing it further. The concept makes use of a parabolic through collector in a non-traditionalmanner to increase the heat flux on the outside of a horizontal water tube. The increased concentrated solar heat flux at thebottom of the tube has a dual purpose: (1) to increase the heat transfer coefficient inside the tube due to buoyancy drivensecondary flow and (2) It reduces the exposed surface area of the water tube which might reduce in heat losses to theenvironment.

3. Theoretical objectivesSet-up a first order thermodynamic and heat transfer model to describe the semi steady state operation of such a system in termsof mass-flow rate and heat absorption ability. Extend the theoretical investigation to include a numerical approach (if needed) toimprove calculation accuracy. Compare the expected performance of the proposed heating system with that of a traditional solarcollector system.

4. Experimental objectivesImprove on an existing set-up test-section and reference test section. The reference test section will of a traditional multiple passtube lay-out without solar heat concentration. The other test-section will consist a parabolic through solar reflector toconcentrate the rays onto a single tube. A water circulation system is to be used such that the water flow rate can be controlled(laminar and turbulent flow regimes). Construct, calibrate and install suitable thermal probes. Determine semi- steady statetemperature field, flow rate, and temperature responses to determine which system has the relative higher thermal efficiency.Different students will consider the effect of different aspects such as the water flow rate, reflector efficiency, collector tubegeometry, and intensity of the focused thermal heat flux.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsCompare experimentally and theoretically obtained trends with each other. Comment on observable trends and the possibleexistence of an operating state.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Thermocouples, Datalogger of 125

Prof KJ Craig

Evaluation of heat loss due to wind of Solar tower CSP plantLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. BackgroundSolar towers have a central tower on which a receiver is mounted. These towers can be up to 200m high and are thereforesubject to high winds and high convection losses. Both natural and forced convection is present and the stability of theatmosphere can also play a role.2. Problem statementBuild a scale model of a tower for testing in a wind tunnel. Both thermal and cold measurements will be performed forvalidation purposes. Different tower cross sections will be investigated to determine the influence on the force loading and heattransfer. Construct a CFD model of the same geometry for a theoretical investigation.3. Theoretical objectivesLearn to apply CFD to external flow around slender bluff bodies. Consider vortex shedding and other transient phenomena.Provide guidelines for tower design and receiver shape.4. Experimental objectivesTest a model of the receiver in a wind tunnel using appropriate sensors, instrumentation and data capturing and post-processing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


pressure and load sensors, thermocouples

of 125

Development of Solar OvenLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. BackgroundA solar oven is different from a solar cooker in that it provides storage of heat to be used once it is charged and even after thesun has set. This project focuses on the development of a solar oven that is suitable for home use and can be integrated into anexisting kitchen.2. Problem statementModel a solar oven using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and ray-tracing software. Design collector for optimal opticalefficiency. Design oven for optimal heat storage. Construct oven and test. Suitable thermal or latent heat storage is to beinvestigated.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD and ray-tracing model of collector and solar oven. Perform radiation analysis with specified radiative surfaceproperties and heat transfer fluid characteristics. Determine optical and thermal efficiency.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a collector and solar oven for testing and comparison with theoretical model. Use appropriate sensors, instrumentationand data capturing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Development of Home Solar CookerLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundExtension of 2016 projects. Solar cookers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. This project focuses on the development of asolar cooker that is suitable for home use. The different students will focus on different types, e.g., dish-type, beam-down,circular Fresnel mirrors, Fresnel lenses.2. Problem statementModel a solar cooker using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and/or ray-tracing software. Construct cooker and test.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of the solar cooker. Perform radiation analysis with specified radiative surface properties and heat transferfluid characteristics. Determine optical and thermal efficiency.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a solar cooker for testing and comparison with theoretical model. Use appropriate sensors, instrumentation and datacapturing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Automatic tracking Linear Fresnel Reflector using Phase Change Materials (PCMs)Lecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe tracking of linear Fresnel systems requires parasitic electrical power detracting from the overall efficiency of the plant. Thisproject investigates whether phase change materials (PCMs) (that are solid at room temperature but that melt at highertemperatures) can be used to provide actuation for the mirrors thereby provide tracking to follow the sun. Thermal storage usingthe PCM is an alternative. The 2 students will be considering different layouts.2. Problem statementDesign the mirror support geometry that supports the use of PCMs. Select the appropriate PCM. Model the actuation methodusing solidification and melting (Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)) and refine the design to allow control of the trackingfor the varying heat input as determined by a ray-tracing simulation. Build and test for experimental comparison.3. Theoretical objectivesInvestigate the tracking performance of a single mirror field through the above simulations.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct system and test in sunlight to estimate performance of the mirror field for comparison with modelled results.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Development of tubular receiver for parabolic dishLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. BackgroundExtension of 2015 project. Tubular receivers can be configured to trap more solar energy by reducing the re-radiating surface.Point focusing leads to very high temperatures and an innovative design of the receiver is required to limit material temperaturesand therefore radiation losses. A small dish is available as heat source.2. Problem statementModel a dish receiver using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and ray-tracing software. Construct receiver and test usingsolar cooker. Investigate various conical angles to maximize thermal performance.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of the dish and receiver. Perform radiation analysis with specified radiative surface properties and heattransfer fluid characteristics. Determine optical and thermal efficiency.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a dish receiver for testing and comparison with theoretical model. Use appropriate sensors, instrumentation and datacapturing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Development of Concentrated Photovoltaic Receiver for linear focusLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThis project builds on 2x 2016 projects on a similar project but focuses on a novel cooling principle.CPV systems use concentrated solar energy with photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells. The addition of concentration increases theelectrical output but increases the cell temperature and can reduce the efficiency. The existing systems mostly use pointconcentration with high-cost multi-junction solar cells. This project evaluates lower concentration (line) in conjunction withcheaper solar cells to investigate whether this technology has an application between current 1-sun roof mounted PV panels andthe high point concentration plants. 2 students will evaluate different geometries and the use of secondary reflectors anddifferent cooling methods.2. Problem statementModel a concentrator and receiver using ray-tracing software. Model the receiver layout including cooling of the PV elementsusing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Construct CPV receiver and test.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of receiver (CPV and cooling). Perform radiation analysis with specified radiative surface properties.Develop a cooling model for limiting the PV cell temperature.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct receiver and test for comparison with theoretical model. Use appropriate sensors, instrumentation and data capturing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Investigate the role of natural convection in a solar geyserLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe use of solar collectors to reduce the electrical power requirement of an electrical geyser is becoming more common. Theuse of thermo-syphoning allows the heat generated by the collector to naturally flow to the geyser through natural convection.The relative placement between the collector and geyser is not always controllable, especially in the case where retrofits toexisting electrical-only geysers are made. When the collector is below the geyser, a pump is used to circulate the fluid, and heatlosses may occur due to unwanted reverse syphoning on cold nights. This project investigates the role of this placement and theperformance of different anti-syphon loops and valves to provide guidelines for the installation of collectors.2. Problem statementModel a geyser and collector configuration with variable placement and syphon/anti-syphon loops. Use flow network and/orComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Construct scale model system and test.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model and thermal network model of geyser-collector system with variable geometry. Perform simulations toestimate performance.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct geyser-collector scale model and test for comparison with theoretical model. Use appropriate sensors, instrumentationand data capturing.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


thermocouples

of 125

Investigation of draining in molten salt receiver for solar tower plantLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundMolten salt is the current heat transfer fluid of choice for implementation in solar tower plants because of its enhanced thermalcharacteristics compared to water. To prevent it from solidifying in the tower during night and extended cloudy weather, themolten salt is drained from the receiver. This draining exercise is assisted by gravity. The layout of the receiver is usually drivenby maximum solar energy capture considerations and not being optimizing for fast and effective draining. This investigationtherefore aims at enhancing the draining performance in conjunction with the optical and thermal performance.2. Problem statementModel the draining and optical performance of a central tower receiver using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) andray-tracing software. Construct scale model to investigate draining behaviour using water (coloured by dye) as proxy fluid forvalidation of CFD. Different students will consider alternate receiver types.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of the receiver. Perform draining analysis using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. Alter geometry toimprove draining performance. Perform radiation and thermal analysis of final receiver.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a scale model of receiver suitable for a draining simulation. The 2 students will collaborate on the commoncomponents (tank, pump, recirculation piping, sensors, etc.). Perform tests required for validation.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Shape optimization of solar reflector using adjoint methodLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe reduction of wind loads on solar reflectors would lead to lighter and cheaper structures that can lead to a cost reduction inthe Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant. Shape optimization using conventional methods like a parameterized geometry andoptimization algorithm is time consuming and limited by the number of parameters. The adjoint method allows for a free-formgeometric solution that can lead to much higher gains in performance through less computation.2. Problem statementConstruct a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a solar reflector and determine an optimized shape using the adjointmethod in ANSYS Fluent. Test the base and optimal model in the wind tunnel. The 2 students will consider different reflectortypes (e.g., heliostats and parabolic troughs).3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of the reflector and substructure. Perform flow analysis and adjoint solutions for different observables(objectives). Combine in multi-objective solution and export modified geometry for manufacturing.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a base model of reflector for initial wind tunnel testing. Development measurement system using load cells andpressure taps. The 2 students will collaborate on the common components (support structure and instrumentation).Manufactured optimized structure (option of 3D printing) and test.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


load cell and pressure transducer

of 125

Investigation of wind barrier for load reduction and dust controlLecturer, Prof KJ Craig

Max students, 1

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe reduction of wind loads and the control of dust is often accomplished using wind barriers of some sort. These include e.g.porous fences in heliostat and parabolic trough fields and wall upstream of a dust or pollution source. The idea is that the barrierdeflects the approaching wind to create a calm zone behind it to shield a certain area. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamicsvalidated by wind tunnel measurements is investigated in this project.2. Problem statementConstruct a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a wind barrier on an appropriate terrain to include topologicaleffects on the approaching wind. Perform simulations for various wind directions. Test the same geometry experimentally in thewind tunnel.3. Theoretical objectivesBuild a CFD model of the terrain and investigate the effect of various wind barrier shapes and configurations. Use anatmospheric boundary layer profile for velocity and turbulence intensity.4. Experimental objectivesConstruct a wind tunnel model for validation of the CFD model. Measure pressures and forces on wind barrier. Visualize flowpatterns using smoke.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Pressure transducers and force measurement

of 125

Ms B Huyssen

Research the efficiency gains in pressure adaptive aircraft control surfacesLecturer, Ms B Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundCurrent aircraft control surfaces are controlled by either physical control linkages to a flight control yoke or by hydraulicallyassisted control actuators, dependent on the size and type of aircraft. The controls are normally hinged to move in-plane.

Control hinges need to have structural attachment points as well as structural points of actuation, these are all areas ofconcentrated strength mass as well as fatigue induced areas as the loads are cyclical.

A design improvement that can be contemplated is to have a more uniform control mechanism to utilise morphing technologiesto reduce mass, gain aerodynamic efficiency for similar or better control effectiveness.

2. Problem statementCarry out research to establish the efficiency gains in a typical pressure actuated cellular control surface as well as construct amodel of a pressure adaptive control surface utilising a pneumatic control system.An aircraft in the commuter class can be usedas the test case. (ATR42, Dash8 etc.)


•Carry out an analysis of the aerodynamic efficiency increase for a morphed control surface against a traditional hinged controlsurface. A wind tunnel model may be utilised as an additional means to determine aerodynamic efficiency•Mass improvement of distributed load applied to control surface as against control hardware given that the aircraft in questionis already hydraulically actuated. An assessment of the morphing structure required will also be necessary as part of the massgain/loss.•Conceptual design of the pressure adaptive cells within the control surface with expected deflection angles achievable inpressurised state. A typical pressure adaptive cell could be honeycomb structures as an example of a flexible membraneallowing pressure differential movement.

4. Experimental objectivesBuild of an experimental model of a control surface with pressure adaptive cells connected to a simple pneumatic control systemto demonstrate the deflection of the control surface. This control can be a simple up or down. Should a more comprehensivecontrol mechanism be desired by the student, this can be extended to include a control system actuated by a “flight stick”connected to a servo controlling the pneumatic pressure in the control surface cells to demonstrate a typical flight state.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

Rob Jonker


Aerosud


Aerosud

Total Funding (ZAR)

of 125

500



of 125

Analysing airfoils for HALE UAVsLecturer, Ms B Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundHigh-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) like the Qinetiq Zephyr hold the promise ofsatellite-like endurance at low-cost by being able to orbit over a specific point for weeks or even months at a time. These UAVsfly at 18 – 20 km altitude at an equivalent air speed of only 30 knots (55 km/h).2. Problem statementIdentify aerofoil geometries that perform well at extremely low Reynolds numbers.3. Theoretical objectivesThe focus of this project is to scan the literature to identify aerofoil geometries that perform well at these extremely lowReynolds numbers, identify available experimental data and to analyse these aerofoils with the commonly used aerofoil designtools to determine which tools are best suited to support aerofoil design in this flight regime.4. Experimental objectivesPerforming wind-tunnel tests with a selected aerofoil section.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental results

Group


Category

Aeronautical

External Leader

K Jamison


CSIR


CSIR

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


Wind tunnel

of 125

Development of an automated devise for five-hole pressure proble calibrationLecturer, Ms B Huyssen

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe cascade wind tunnel is to be used to calibrate a five-hole pressure probe.2. Problem statementThe device needs to set yaw and pitch angles from - 45° to + 45°, in steps of 2.5° to an accuracy of +-0.1° in an automated way.3. Theoretical objectivesA calibration strategy has to be developed to meet the requirements within the given tunnel constraints.4. Experimental objectivesThe actual calibration needs to be performed.5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsIt must be demonstrated that the calibration results are reliable and satisfy the client requirements.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


five hole probe, pressure transducer

of 125

Mr H Hamersma

Mechanical soil property characterisation for terrain-vehicle interaction modellingLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundTerramechanics is the study of soil properties, specifically the interaction of wheeled or tracked vehicles on various off-road,deformable surfaces. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the terrain a vehicle is to be driven on is important for theaccurate modelling and simulation of the vehicle dynamics of an off-road vehicle. The Vehicle Dynamics Group (VDG) hassuccessfully modelled the mobility of vehicles on hard, uneven terrains. The next step is to extend this modelling capability todeformable, soft terrains.

2. Problem statementTest equipment is needed to accurately measure the mechanical soil properties of various off-road terrains. The equipment willbe used by the VDG to advance their research into off-road mobility, specifically on deformable terrains. The test equipmentwill be used to develop terramechanics models of test tracks and surfaces of interest to the VDG. The developed test equipmentmust be reliable and accurate, easy to transport to the test site and easy to use.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe development of test equipment requires a detailed understanding of the mechanical properties that need to be characterisedto formulate a soil model for use with vehicle dynamics modelling. Numerous soil models exist in the literature; these modelsneed to be researched in depth to determine the minimum requirements of the test equipment. A simple soil model must beidentified and used to model the test terrain.

4. Experimental objectivesThe test equipment needs to be built and used to measure the mechanical properties identified by the literature review to modelthe test surface.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe modelled soil properties must be validated against the experimental results.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Tyre damping trailer modelling and validationLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group (VDG) has recently designed and built a new tyre test trailer. The tyre test trailer has establisheda unique capability in the world to parameterise and validate tyre models of very large tyres (up to 5000kg per wheel),specifically for longitudinal and lateral force generation. The one drawback is that it is difficult to use the tyre test trailer todetermine the vertical damping characteristics of the tyres. As a result, an additional tyre damping trailer has been designed. Thetyre damping trailer is of a simple construction and can be used to determine the vertical damping when driving the wheels overlarge, discrete obstacles.

2. Problem statementThe tyre damping trailer will be used to characterise the vertical damping of tyres of interest to the VDG. The vertical dampingis determined iteratively by simulating the tyre damping trailer driving over a discrete obstacle and comparing the simulationresults to measured results. To this end an Adams model of the tyre damping trailer is needed. Crucial to the success of theproject is the validation of the Adams model.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe modelling of the tyre damping trailer is the theoretical objective of the project. A detailed understanding of the dynamicsdescribing the motion of an object is required.

4. Experimental objectivesThe tyre damping trailer will be used to measure the vertical response of tyres over discrete obstacles and several test tracks.The collection of validation data to validate the simulation model against is crucial to the success of this project.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe developed model of the tyre damping trailer will be used to compare the vertical damping of a tyre model (the tyre modelwill be provided) against the measured response of the tyre.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Mine vehicle collision avoidance algorithmLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundRecent new regulations form the Department of Mineral Resources requires that surface vehicles be instrumented withproximity detection systems. The mining industry is faced with problems implementing the commercially available systems,most notably the presence of false positives and false negatives. False positives have a negative effect on the mine’s production,while false negatives result in injuries and possibly even fatalities on the mine. The Earth Moving Equipment Safety RoundTable (EMESRT) have identified several scenarios that are most likely to occur on a mine where proximity detection systemsand a collision avoidance algorithm may avoid a potential collision.

2. Problem statementThe commercially available proximity detection systems have the ability to detect when another vehicle or a pedestrian is withinclose proximity. Where these systems fail is with the decision making, especially when there are more than two vehicles presentin a scenario. The aim of the project is to develop an algorithm that uses the information provided by commercially availableproximity detection systems to avoid potential collisions. The scenarios to be simulated will be chosen from the EMESRT list,with specific emphasis on multi-vehicle interaction scenarios. The algorithm’s efficacy must also be proven by taking thevariability of the sensor information into account and the effect thereof on the presence of false positive and false negativealarms.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe modelling and simulating multi-vehicle interaction scenarios and the subsequent decision making of the developed collisionavoidance algorithm are the theoretical objectives of this study.

4. Experimental objectivesThe Vehicle Dynamics Group has a soft target and several test vehicles available to replicate some of the scenarios simulated inthe theoretical part of the study. Smaller, scale models may also be used to illustrate the algorithm’s performance.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe replication of the simulated results on either a scale model or full size vehicle will be acceptable validation of the theoreticalresults.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Soft target modelling, control and automationLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundRecent new regulations form the Department of Mineral Resources requires that surface vehicles be instrumented withproximity detection systems. The Vehicle Dynamics Group (VDG) is in the process of establishing a Centre of Excellence thatcan evaluate the efficacy of these proximity detection systems. This capability includes the modelling and simulation of vehicleinteraction scenarios as defined by the Earth Moving Equipment Safety Round Table (EMESRT). Integral to the Centre ofExcellence’s capability is a soft target that can be used as a static or dynamic obstacle that must be identified and possiblyavoided by a collision avoidance system.

2. Problem statementThe soft shell of the soft target has been designed and manufactured, but the base containing the power source and drives needto be designed. During the design it must be taken into account that a vehicle may in fact collide with the soft target and driveover the base. There are thus severe geometric constraints on the base, complicating the design. Furthermore the control of thesoft target to allow it to be a dynamic obstacle that can be controlled from a safe distance must be included. A simplemathematical model of the soft target must also be developed so that it can be included in the simulation model that simulatesthe EMESRT interaction scenarios prior to testing.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe mathematical modelling of the soft target and the remote control or automation of the soft target are the theoreticalobjectives of the project.

4. Experimental objectivesA demonstration that the soft target moves as required in a test scenario is the experimental objective of the project.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe mathematical model of the soft target may be used to validate the experimental results.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Vehicle dynamics modelling and validationLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group (VDG) has an established vehicle modelling and testing capability. Crucial to the accuratemodelling of vehicle dynamics is the development of a trustworthy, validated mathematical model. The VDG has recentlyacquired several new vehicles and modified the main test vehicle, the 1997 Land Rover Defender.

2. Problem statementA modelling and validation exercise is needed to develop models for the new vehicles and to validate the existing model of theLand Rover Defender. A model of one of these vehicles (to be identified at a later stage) has to be developed in Adams.Experimental validation is crucial to the success of this project.

3. Theoretical objectivesMathematical modelling of a vehicle.

4. Experimental objectivesExperimental validation of the developed mathematical model.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe mathematical model has to be validated experimentally.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

X-in-the-loop platform developmentLecturer, Mr H Hamersma

Max students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundX-in-the-loop is the collective term when doing simulations that require computation in real-time. Examples arehardware-in-the-loop (HIL), software-in-the-loop (SIL), driver-in-the-loop (DIL) and model-in-the-loop (MIL). The VehicleDynamics Group (VDG) has three embedded computers capable of performing simulations in real-time. The VDG is planningto expand its X-in-the-loop capability, specifically with the aim of developing Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS).

2. Problem statementThe aim of the project is to develop the capability to perform X-in-the-loop experiments or simulations. The exact problemstatement can be defined upon consultation with the study leader, but the aim of the X-in-the-Loop is to develop ADAS systemssuch as off-road ABS, adaptive cruise control, torque vectoring, rear-wheel steering etc.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe theoretical objective will include developing a model of the vehicle platform used in the study that can solve in real-time onone of the embedded computers. Knowledge of the basic principles of vehicle dynamics modelling is important.

4. Experimental objectivesThe advantage of using X-in-the-loop is the ability to integrate physical hardware with a control system while still in theprototype phase. Data acquisition and the processing thereof as inputs to the developed ADAS system is a central part of thisproject.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe combination of theory and experimental results is the central theme of this project.

This project is open for discussion, but will require dedicated students that are interested in measurement and control. A goodunderstanding of mechatronics will be advantageous. A significant part of this project will be Matlab/Simulink and C++ coding,but a priori experience is not a pre-requisite.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr A Lexmond

Projects to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.Lecturer, Dr A Lexmond

Max students, 15

Project Description

Projects to be defined at a later stage, please consult lecturer for further details.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr W LeRoux

High-temperature receiver testing for a dish-mounted solar Brayton cycleLecturer, Dr W LeRoux

Max students, 6

Project Description

1. BackgroundA solar receiver captures heat from a solar concentrator. The tubular solar cavity receiver heats air for the operation of amicro-turbine as used in a small-scale solar thermal Brayton cycle. The solar receiver operates at very high temperatures andloses heat mostly due to radiation heat loss.

2. Problem statementA tubular solar cavity receiver should be tested at high temperature to determine its heat losses, especially due to radiation heatloss. The solar receiver is mounted at the focus point of a small-scale solar dish which follows the sun during the day. Thereceiver is thus mounted at different angles throughout the day. Depending on the wind direction and receiver angle, heat lossdue to convection can also be significant.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe heat loss from the solar cavity receiver at high temperature should be modelled.

4. Experimental objectivesConvection, conduction and radiation heat loss rates at high receiver temperatures should be measured.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe theoretical and experimental results should be compared and discrepancies should be explained.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


A small solar tracking system and dish are available for the experiments.

of 125

Micro-turbine testing for a dish-mounted solar Brayton cycleLecturer, Dr W LeRoux

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundA micro-turbine can be driven from the heat of burning fuel or the heat from concentrated solar power. A number ofturbochargers from the motor industry are available to act as micro-turbines in a small-scale solar thermal Brayton cycle.

2. Problem statementTurbochargers have to be tested on a test-rig, using a gas burner, for performance experimentally before operation in a solarthermal Brayton cycle can take place.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe performance of a micro-turbine and the heat input from the fuel burner should be modelled mathematically.

4. Experimental objectivesA test-rig should be further developed and used for testing. A gas burner provides heat for the turbine to simulate the solar andrecuperator heat input of a typical solar thermal Brayton cycle. To simulate the compressor, air should be pressurised before it isheated by the fuel burner. The turbine in the turbocharger drives a compressor which can be used to measure the power outputof the turbine.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe experimental results of the gas burner and turbocharger performance should be compared with the anticipated results asobtained theoretically.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500


See 'Experimental objectives'

of 125

Testing and development of a heat exchanger (recuperator) for a dish-mounted solarBrayton cycle

Lecturer, Dr W LeRouxMax students, 4

Project Description

1. BackgroundTo increase the efficiency of a solar thermal Brayton cycle, a recuperator is used to pre-heat compressed air before it enters asolar receiver using hot turbine exhaust air. Different heat exchanger designs can be considered for the recuperator such asplate-type or tree-shaped heat exchanger designs.

2. Problem statementDifferent heat exchanger designs exist for the recuperator but an experimental setup is required to test these designs beforebeing implemented into a small-scale dish-mounted solar thermal Brayton cycle.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe chosen recuperator design should be modelled mathematically to anticipate its efficiency and outlet temperatures.

4. Experimental objectivesAn experimental setup of the recuperator should be built to determine its efficiency and its outlet temperatures. The inlettemperatures should be simulated.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe theoretical results should be compared with the experimental results for validation.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Testing and development of a heat exchanger for water heating from waste heat ofsolar Brayton cycle

Lecturer, Dr W LeRouxMax students, 3

Project Description

1. BackgroundTo increase the energy utilisation factor of a solar thermal Brayton cycle, its hot air exhaust can be used to heat water in a heatexchanger. The hot air leaving the cycle is at a temperature of about 100 degrees Celsius and can be used to heat water fordomestic purposes.

2. Problem statementA heat exchanger is required in which water can be heated for domestic purposes using the hot exhaust air from a small-scaledish-mounted solar thermal Brayton cycle.

3. Theoretical objectivesThe heat exchanger should be modelled mathematically to anticipate its efficiency and outlet temperatures.

4. Experimental objectivesAn experimental setup of the heat exchanger should be built to determine its efficiency and its outlet temperatures. The hot airinlet should be simulated.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe theoretical results should be compared with the experimental results for validation.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Mr T Botha

Development of controller for steering robotLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundIn certain vehicle tests a specific steering wheel input to the vehicle needs to be provided. Since a human driver can't be exact intheir inputs a steering robot isattached to the existing steering wheel to provide an exact steering input. In order to control the steering wheel the motor andsteering model needs to be developedin order to develop a control system for the steering robot.

The project will require knowledge of control, electronics.

2. Problem statementBuild a mathematical model of the steering robot and use the model to develop a suitable controller which can be used to controlthe steering wheel such thata desired input to the wheel can be provided. Test control system on steering robot

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop a mathematical model and control system which will allow for the vehicle steering heel to be controlled.

4. Experimental objectivesExperimentally validate developed model and controller on steering system


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Development of controller for vehicle pedal robotLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundIn certian vehicle tests or for autonomous vehicles the pedals such as brake and throttle need to be controlled. This requiresactuators and controll systemswhich will control the pedal displacements as required by the test or by a higher control system. In this project a pedal robot willbe installed on the vehicle pedalwith a control system controlling the output of the actuator to obtain the desired vehicle motion

The project will require knowledge of control, electronics.

2. Problem statementBuild a mathematical model of the pedal robot and brake/throttle and use the model to develop a suitable controller which canbe used to control the pedal such thata desired control of the vehicle can be obtained. Test the control system on pedal robot on a vehicle

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop a mathematical model and control system which will allow for the vehicle pedals to be controlled.

4. Experimental objectivesExperimentally validate developed model and controller on steering system


Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Development of a 3D scannerLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. Background3D scanners are used to measure objects in order to build cad models of the objects. Various methods are used to measure 3Dobjects such as using lasers or computer visions.The principle used is to take multiple individual measurements which are stitched together using information of other sensors.

The project will require knowledge in electronics and programming

2. Problem statementDevelop a 3D scanner which can be used to automatically measure the 3D shape of an arbitrary objects. A thoroughinvestigation on current technology will be used in orderto determine the best methodology to use.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelop the necessary algorithm which can be used to determine the depth of an individual point and stitch it together withmultiple other measurements form a continuous 3D surface.

4. Experimental objectivesManufacture the 3D scanner and implement the developed algorithms to scan arbitrary 3D objects.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsThe developed algorithm results will be compared to the obtained results.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Vertical load control of tyre test trailerLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 5

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group at the University of Pretoria is very active in large tyre research. One of the equipment developedat the University is a tyre test trailer.The tyre test trailer has two axels, the first axle is carries the tyres to be tested and the second axle is for stability. The two axlesystem also allows the weightto be changed between the axles. This can be achieved by controlling the air suspension of the axles. It is desired that the loadon the testing wheel remains constant and that the slip angle armangle remain horizontal. Since the vertical load changes during braking and steering a control system is needed which willcontrol the vertical load of the test axle while keeping the the slip angle arm constant


2. Problem statementDevelop a basic model of the tyre test trailer which can be used to develop a vertical load controller of the testing axle.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelopment of the model and control systems

4. Experimental objectivesExperimental testing of the developed controller

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidation of the developed model and controller

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Brake control of a tyre test trailerLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group at the University of Pretoria is very active in large tyre research. One of the equipment developedat the Unversity is a tyre test trailer.The tyre test trailer has two axels, the first axle is carries the tyres to be tested and the second axle is for stability. The two axlesystem also allows the weightto be changed between the axles. The tyres on the test axle braked in order to determine the longitudinal characteristics of thetyre. In order to do this the brake pressureof the tyre needs to be controlled. The brake pressure needs to be controlled such that not only the desired braking is achievedbut also so that ABS can be implememented on the tyres.

The project will require knwoledge in electronics and programming

2. Problem statementDevelop a basic model of the braking systen of tge tyre test trailer which can be used to develop a longitudinal control andimplement ABS

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelopment of the model and control systems

4. Experimental objectivesExperimental testing of the developed controller

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidation of the developed model and controller

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Development of low cost data aquisition system in order to automate tyre testingLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group at the University of Pretoria is very active in large tyre research. One of the equipment developedat the University is a large static test rig.The statics test rig is used to determine mainly the vertical stiffness of the tyre. It is desired that the process be automated inorder to speed up the characterization of the tyre.In order to achieve this a inexpensive data acquisition system needs to be developed.


2. Problem statementDevelopment of a data acquisition system which can be used to automate the characterization of the vertical stiffness of a tyreusing a static tyre testing rig.

3. Theoretical objectivesDevelopment of the data acquisition system for use in automation

4. Experimental objectivesExperimental testing and automation of the static tyre test rig

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidate the effectiveness of the developed data acquisition system

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Improvement of a system used to measure the deformation of a tyre from the insideLecturer, Mr T Botha

Max students, 2

Project Description

1. BackgroundThe Vehicle Dynamics Group at the University of Pretoria is very active in large tyre research. One of the equipment developedat the Unversity is a system which allows for the measurement of the deformation of thecontact patch from the inside of the tyre. The system uses stereo cameras to determine the deformation from the inside of thetyre. Additonal work on the system is required to obtain its full potential

The project will require knwoledge in electronics and programming

2. Problem statementImprovement of the current tyre deformation measurement system.

3. Theoretical objectivesInvestigate the possible improvements that can be made on the current system

4. Experimental objectivesExperimental testing of the improved system in a closed tyre on a vehicle.

5. Validation of theoretical predictions against experimental resultsValidate the effectiveness of the developed system

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Dr LJ duPlessis

Re-configurable planar Gough-Stewart machining platformLecturer, Dr LJ duPlessis

Max students, 5

Project Description

The aim of this study is to develop a 5-axis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool based around a re-configurableplanar Gough-Stewart platform. A prototype of the device will be developed and tested

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Feed mill componentsLecturer, Dr LJ duPlessis

Max students, 5

Project Description

The objective of this study is to do research on feed mill components. The feed mill components will be designed, manufacturedand tested in collaboration with a local company. The components that will be investigated are:1. Drum sifter2. Mixer3. Elevator4. Structure with bins5. Incline pellet conveyor

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


Dalein Agriplan

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

Design, build, analyse and test the support plates for a planar Gough-Stewartmachining platform

Lecturer, Dr LJ duPlessisMax students, 5

Project Description

The support plates that are required for a planar re-configurable Gough-Stewart machining platform are to be designed, built,analysed and tested.

Group


Category

Mechanical

External Leader

N/A


N/A


N/A

Total Funding (ZAR)

500



of 125

msc412 - research project (2017) project list · 2016-11-23 · msc412 - research project (2017)...

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