msada launches ad-to-ad mentoring programphotos.digitalsports.com/558865/2003fall.pdf · 3 maryland...
TRANSCRIPT
S e p t e m b e r - N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 3 w w w. m s a d a - m d . o r gSponsored by PEPSI Bottling Inc.
Athletic Directors in Maryland’s Public and Private Secondary Schools
MSADA Launches AD-to-AD Mentoring ProgramHave you ever wished that you knew more or where to find additional information about some of the aspects andresponsibilities of your position? After all, our positions are complicated and ever expanding and it is practicallyimpossible to have a handle on everything that we do or should do.
The enormity of our position can be especially overwhelming for new athletic directors. With this in mind, the MSADAis implementing a mentoring program for our members. Fellow athletic directors will offer information and advice onseveral topics. Please feel free to contact them to pose a question or to possibly meet with them for a more detailedexplanation.
Whether you are new to athletic administration or you simply want to expand your horizons, please take advantageof this new opportunity. This service was created to provide help and guidance to new athletic directors in areas ofathletic administration which might be needed. Even though this clearinghouse was initially designed for new ADs,any athletic director who would like more information to improve and enhance his/her program is welcome. Pleasecontact one of the following individuals to set up an appointment. To suggest topics or to volunteer as a mentor,please contact: Dr. David Hoch, CMAA — [email protected] OR 410-887-0190
Topic Name Phone/EmailSchool
Coaches Association
Coaching Evaluations
Coaching Evaluations
Educating Parents of Athletes
E-mail use
Emergency Plans
Excel Spreadsheets
Funding Resources
Game Management
Marketing
NCAA Clearinghouse
NFHS Coaching Principles
Planning Indoor Facilities
Pre-Season Parents’ Meetings
Sponsorships
Time Management
Time Management
David Hoch, CMAA
Ron Belinko, CAA
David Hoch, CMAA
David Hoch, CMAA
Gene Rotberg, CAA
Michael Lafferty, CAA
Gene Rotberg, CAA
Bob Graves, CAA
Jeffrey Mann, CAA
David Hoch, CMAA
Ron Belinko,CAA
Michael Lafferty, CAA
Michael Lafferty, CAA
Ron Belinko,CAA
Bob Graves, CAA
Karl Heimbach, CAA
Jim Horn, CAA
Loch Raven H.S.
BCPS
Loch Raven H.S.
Loch Raven H.S.
The Barrie School
Dulaney H.S.
The Barrie School
Retired
Perry Hall H.S.
Loch Raven H.S.
BCPS
Dulaney H.S.
Dulaney H.S.
BCPS
Retired
Magruder H.S.
South Carroll H.S.
[email protected] 410.887.3543
[email protected] 410.887.2328
[email protected] 410.887.3543
[email protected] 410.887.3543
[email protected] 301.871.6200 x257
[email protected] 410.887.7638
[email protected] 301.871.6200 x257
[email protected] 301.294.6059
[email protected] 410.529.0729
[email protected] 410.887.3543
[email protected] 410.887.2328
[email protected] 410.887.7638
[email protected] 410.887.7638
[email protected] 410.887.2328
[email protected] 301.294.6059
[email protected] 410.751.3575
2
P r e s i d e n t ’ s M e s s a g e
Dave Hoch, CMAAPresident MSADA
Facing Challenges for 2003-2004While it may have been the shortest summer in a long time, we hope that it was bothenjoyable and gave you a chance to regroup for another demanding year. The officersand the Executive Committee of the MSADA are also ready to get started guiding theAssociation. The MSADA faces several challenges for 2003-2004.
�Due to escalating costs over the last three years, we face the start of the 2003-2004year with a significant deficit. While we have many expenses during a typical year, thecost of hosting our conference has risen greatly each of the last three years. A majorgoal for the Executive Council is to reduce expenditures and to increase our revenuebase. We think that we are headed in the right direction and are confident that with thecreativity and hard work of our current leadership that we will soon have a handle onthis problem.
�In this day of accountability in education, we want to continue our efforts of encouragingour members to earn their CAA and CMAA certifications. Not only does this demonstrate professionalism, it alsoinvolves building a greater background in order to tackle the expanding respsonbilities of our extremely demandingpositions.
�Related to the CAA and CMAA certifications, the Association will continue to work on increasing the LTC offeringsand to present the courses at various cites around the state. This effort is necessary, as the NIAAA has developedseveral new courses.
�Two recent events reaffirm the challenge of explaining the importance and purpose of the NFHS CoachesAssociation (as part of a dual membership with the MSCA) to the athletic directors of Maryland. At our AprilConference, 26 completed the NFHS Coaches’ Principles Course and 25 were ADs. This is a good sign! Hopefully,these athletic directors may go on to start teaching the coaches of the state. Then at the Section II Meeting inJune, we heard from the other states and realized that our first steps are very much in line with what other stateshave already initiated.
�We need to continue to inform and educate our members that we are not in competition with the CoachesAssociation, but that the combined efforts under the umbrella of the NFHS are to benefit our programs andathletes.
Certainly these challenges may not be easy, but we are committed and confident that our Executive Council willbe successful in tackling them. Best wishes for a great year and we hope that you become a member of theMSADA and take an active role in Maryland’s professional athletic directors’ association.
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
MSDEMSDE Now Accepts LTC Coursework
Great news from the Maryland State Department of Education. Through the efforts of Ron Belinko and DaveAnderson, the MSDE is now accepting Leadership Training Courses (LTC) courses for credit toward recertificationof your teaching certificate. One credit may be earned for every 15 hours of LTC instruction. To receive credit,participants must keep a portfolio showing the LTC courses taken documenting the date and time and developa statement on how each course will be used with coaches and students. If you have any questions, contact RonBelinko (410) 887-2328 or Dave Anderson (301) 753-1753.
3
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
Detailed Wall Calendar Saves Valuable TimeKarl Heimbach, CAA — Magruder High School, Rockville, Maryland
As athletic directors, we all know that valuable information is critical in doing our job. Itmust be retrievable at a moment’s notice in order to answer a question or solve animmediate problem. One simple tool to help provide this information, which might be ofsome use for new athletic directors, is the use of a large monthly wall calendar.
I record my entire athletic and meeting schedule on a large monthly calendar in pencil. Ithangs above my desk and next to the telephone in my office. The calendar is large enoughto record all necessary information about every athletic contest scheduled at my school.I also include meetings and other responsibilities so that I know exactly what is going onand where I must be at all times. This calendar is also useful as a guide in scheduling fornext year since I can easily compare one year to the other in scheduling team pictures, award nights, booster clubmeetings, etc., that tend to occur at the same time each year.
Every athletic director probably develops his or her own codes and abbreviations, but the few hours spent developinga complete wall calendar is time well spent as the hectic school year unfolds. Here is an example of three events andthe codes that go along with them.
Sept 5
JV/V BSO (A) WW 5 & 7 #145564 (4pm/9pm)VFB (H) WJ 6:30 (R) (S) (P) (**)Booster Club 4pm Rm124 Fin. Report/
Key:JV/V BSO = JV and Varsity boys’ soccer (A) = Away contestWW = Opponent which is Walt Whitman 5 & 7 = Game times#14564 / 4pm = Bus ticket number and time leaving/returning
VFB = Varsity football (H) = Home contestWJ = Opponent which is Walter Johnson 6:30 = Game time(R) = Referees ordered (S) = Security needed(P) = Police needed (**) = Special need/locker rooms for visiting team
and referees
Booster Club = Booster Club meeting 4pm = TimeRm 124 = Location Fin. Report = What special items I need to bring
MSADA
Officers & Representatives
Meeting NoticesAll meetings held at Best Western
in Laurel starting at 6:00pm
�Monday, Oct. 13 — Executive Council�Monday, Nov. 17 — Officers�Monday, Jan. 12 — Executive Council�Monday, Feb. 9 — Officers�Monday, March 8 — Executive Council
George "Corky" ConnollySales Representative800-818-3892, Ext: 1119/Voicemail410-803-0389/Fax
653 Bushkill St.Easton, PA 18042800-248-0019610-253-3400410-340-2919/Cell
Sports Equipment Reconditioners & New Equipmentwww.circlesystemgroup.com
4
CRAB TALK!Anne Arundel County: Marlene Kelly, Supervisor of Athletics, reports theyare offering a Care and Prevention course Oct. 1, 8, 15, and 22 from 6-10pm atthe Board of Education building. Please contact her for registration information at(410) 222-5463.
Baltimore County: Ron Belinko, Supervisor of Athletics, presented LTC 501in Carroll County. At the conclusion of the course five athletic directors passed the CAA exam. Ron had NIAAANational Instructor, Dr. John Olson, come in and present the new NIAAA course LTC 516-Managing Athletic Facilitiesto the Baltimore County and Baltimore City athletic directors. Ron also presented LTC 507-Assessment ofInterscholastic Athletic Programs and Personnel at the Virginia Athletic Directors summer Leadership Institute heldthis past July in Richmond, Virginia. Ron has been named chairperson of the NFHS Lacrosse Rules Committee.
Frederick County: Lynn Carr, Supervisor of Athletics, reports that Perry Baker is the new athletic director atBrunswick HS replacing Carol Smith, who retired in June. Jim Deegan has been appointed athletic director at thenew Tuscarora HS. Steve Nibbs replaces retired Tom Dickman at Thomas Johnson HS.
Montgomery County: Dr. William ‘Duke’ Beattie, CMAA-Coordinator of Athletics, has announced the followingnew athletic directors: Michael Dichov at Winston Churchill HS, Rob Leonard at Damascus HS, Jeff Sullivan at PaintBranch, Ray Trail at Rockville HS. Duke Beattie, has received his CMAA from the NIAAA. Jim Tapley, at NorthwestHS, is the new District III representative to the MSADA.
District I: Jim Horn, CAA, at-large District Representative and athletic director at South Carroll HS, reports thatTerry Molloy is the new athletic director at Westminster HS and Marty Brennan is the new athletic director at LibertyHS. Bill Rumbaugh, CAA, Winters Mill HS, Leo Totten, CAA, Francis Scott Key HS, and Jim Horn, CAA, South CarrollHS, passed the CAA exam this past summer.
District II-Private: Jay Cohen, CAA, moves over to Norwood School as the athletic director and is now theMiddle School District Representative for MSADA. Gene Rotberg, CAA, is now the athletic director at Barrie Schooland is the new district representative for District II-Private Schools in Montgomery County. Tai Saloma is the newathletic director at Washington Waldorf, and Susan Edwards is the new athletic director at Woods Academy (MS).
District III: Terry Parfitt, District Representative and athletic director at Laurel HS, reports that new athletic directorsinclude O’Shay Watson at Parkdale HS, John Carpenter at Oxon Hill HS, Addison Shepard at Northwestern HS,Lewis Howard at Largo HS, and Stephen Moses at Surrattsville HS.
District IV: Cliff Nagle, District Representative and athletic director at La Plata HS, reports that Supervisor ofAthletics, Ron Stover, CAA, received his CAA designation this past April. The Lackey HS pool dedication was September17. This new facility gives the schools in Southern Maryland a place to hold practices and meets and the students ofLackey a place to learn to swim.
District VI: Michael Lafferty, CAA, Athletic Director at Dulaney HS, and Kim Chorowsiewksi, CAA , Athletic Directorat Garrison Forest School, were contributing writers for the new LTC 516 Course-Management of Indoor Facilities.Both serve on the NIAAA national faculty. Dr. David Hoch, CMAA, Athletic Director at Loch Raven HS, was named tothe NIAAA Awards Committee. Jeff Mann, CAA, Athletic Director at Perry Hall HS, is Vice-President of the MarylandState Coaches Association for 2003-2004. Derek Maki, CAA, Kenwood HS, Mike Sye, CAA, Woodlawn HS, andLarry Hall, CAA, Eastern Tech HS, completed the coursework, passed the CAA exam, and received their NIAAA/CAAdesignation this past summer.
District X: Lois Miller, District Representative and athletic director at Roland Park Country School, indicated thefollowing new athletic directors include: Matthew Brethauer at Arlington Baptist, Brian Boyd at Key School, TerriMeoser at Maryvale Prep, Tank Duckett at Severn, and Tiffany Siler at Towson Catholic.
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
5
Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association: Rick Diggs, Executive Director of the MIAA, reports thereare six new athletic directors in the MIAA. They are Brian Kelley at St. John’s Prospect Hall, Brian Boyd at KeySchool, Matt Brethauer at Arlington Baptist, Tiffany Silver at Towson Catholic, Mike Keeney at Loyola Blakefield, andBob Flynn at Cardinal Gibbons. St. John’s Prospect Hall and Key School of Annapolis are beginning their inauguralyear of competition in the MIAA. The MIAA has teamed up with its public relations firm, Sportscom LLC to introducea redesigned website (www.miaasports.com) whose sponsors include Toyota, STX, and First Mariner Bank. TheMIAA has reached an agreement with Wilson Sporting Goods that names Wilson as the official ball for MIAAchampionship play in soccer, volleyball, basketball, and baseball. On July 1, a new rule went into effect that prohibitsstudent athletes from transferring from public or non-MIAA schools to an MIAA school during the school year andparticipating in any sport that they played at the varsity level at the previous school for one calendar year. Thesestudent athletes may transfer without penalty between June 1 and the second week in August. The new rule has
been implemented in two cases with unchallenged acceptance by both the parentsand the schools. The 2003-2004 school year will also see the beginning of a newplayoff format for member schools. Sports with conference alignments of fewerthan 8 teams will qualify 4 teams for playoff spots, conferences with 8 to 12 teamswill qualify 6 teams, and conferences with 12 or more teams will qualify 8 teams.Also, schools must now remain in their current competitive levels (A, B, or C) fortwo years. No realignments or movement will be addressed until 2005-2006
Vendor News: The following vendors have registered for the 2004 Convention in Ocean City. Circle System hasbecome the first supporter of our newsletter in addition to our main sponsor Pepsi. Registered vendors includeSports Imports, Circle System Group, National Ticket Company, J.R. Sellman Company, Simplified Athletic Technology,and Perm Award. Vendors should contact Karl Heimbach at (301) 840-4624 or [email protected] registration materials for the April 2004 convention or to become a newsletter sponsor.
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
Bowling Anyone?Instead of a golf tournament, The NIAAA Endowment Committee will be hosting a bowling tourney at this year’sNational Conference. It will cost $30 per individual to register and with 5 bowlers we can have a team representMaryland for this worthy effort.
Hey, there will be prizes for the best team uniforms and other special prizes. Soundslike a lot of fun! Why not participate? Registrations have to be submitted to theNIAAA by October 15th. If you have any questions, please contact Carol [email protected] or David Hoch [email protected].
Make your check out to NIAAA Endowment and mail it with your name and E-mailaddress to:
Bruce Whitehead - NIAAAPO Box 690
Indianapolis, IN 46206
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
MSADA AD of the YearIt’s not too early to start thinking about nominations for the MSADA Athletic Director of the Year Award. The nominationform can be found on our website. It should be completed and sent to:
Dr. David Hoch, CMAALoch Raven High School1212 Cowpens AvenueBaltimore, MD 21286
The nomination form and supportive letters are due no later than February 2, 2004. Please take some time and putforth the effort to submit a worthy athletic director from your district!
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
6
34th National Conference of High School Athletic Directors is
December 13-16 in Indianapolis, IndianaIf you want to really improve your professional skills as an athletic administrator, plan to attend the NIAAA annualconvention this December in Indianapolis. You can register on line at www.nfhs.org. Some of the many activities arelisted below. Consult the web page or registration booklet mailed to you in early September for more preciseinformation and registration forms. You will not regret attending any of these conventions. Hotel and airline informationis available in registration booklet or online. Southwest Airline is usually the best bet for low fares. The Marriott is thehost hotel with the Westin and Hyatt taking the overload.
LTC Courses: All of the 22 various courses are taught over the four day period from Saturday, December 13,through Wednesday, December 17.
Day-by-Day Program SynopsisSaturday, December 13
NFHS/NIAAA Endowment Bowling TournamentThis is a new event to raise money for the Endowment fund. If you are interested in participating for the
State of Maryland please contact Dr. David Hoch, CMAA at (410) 887-3543 or [email protected] forms are in the NIAAA Registration booklet and on the website.
NIAAA Committee MeetingsConference Registration begins
LTC Courses Available-consult the website or booklet for choicesState Executive Directors Meet
Sunday, December 14LTC Courses Available-consult the website or booklet for choices
NIAAA Presidents/State AD MeetingsRetired AD Breakfast
Conference RegistrationFirst-time Attendee Orientation
First and Second Workshop SessionsOpening General Session
Exhibit Hall Opens with a reception in the evening
Monday, December 15Second General Session
Exhibits open all dayNIAAA Delegate Assembly
Conference LuncheonThird Workshop Session
LTC Courses Available-consult the website or booklet for choices
Tuesday, December 16LTC Courses Available-consult the website or booklet for choices
Exhibit Hall open in the morningFourth Workshop Session
Third General SessionNIAAA Annual Meeting
State Door Prize AwardedConference Banquet
Wednesday, December 17LTC Courses Available-consult the website or booklet for choices
9
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
2003—2004
MSADA Membership Application & Renewal FormPlease print or type. Be sure to include home, school address, and your email address. If submitting a list ofcoaches and/or administrators, please make copies of this form and submit a separate form for each person. Send in allcompleted forms attached to one check.
Name_____________________________________ School_______________________________________
Home Address______________________________ School Address________________________________
City_______________ST______Zip___________ City___________________MD_____Zip__________
Home Phone_______________________________ School Phone__________________________________
Fax Number________________________________ E-Mail Address_______________________________
Number of years as an Athletic Administrator_________ (Include 2003-2004 school year)
MSADA Dues only
_______ $25 Regular _____ New ______RenewalThis membership is for all active high school and middle school athletic directors, activities directors,and athletic administrators in public and private schools.
_______ $20 Associate _____ New ______Renewal (New Category)This membership is for college students, high school and middle school administrators (including vice-principals and principals), high school and middle school coaches, or anyone involved in interscholasticathletics in public and private schools.
_______ $10 Retired _____ New ______RenewalThis membership is for all retired athletic directors, activities directors, and athletic administrators.
Amount Enclosed: $__________ Make checks payable to: MSADA
Mail to: MSADAc/o Carol M. Satterwhite, CAA
5467 Gloucester RoadColumbia, MD 21044
If you have any questions, please contact Carol via email or phone.Carol M. Satterwhite, CAA
410.730.8542 or [email protected]
10
Dual NFCA/MSCA $16 New Member_____ Renewal_____
Circle: Dr. Mr. Mrs. Ms.
Last Name:____________________ First Name:____________________ MI____ Suffix (Jr. III, etc.)___________________
Designation (PhD, CAA, religious, etc.):__________Address (which is preferred for mailings: School or Home?)
Home____________________________________________________________________________Street City Zip
School___________________________________________________________________________Street City Zip
Home Phone:_________________ School Phone:__________________ E-Mail Address:____________________
School:______________________ County:_________________________
Sport:________________________ 2nd Sport:_______________________
SSN:_________________________ (needed for liability insurance)
Birthday: ____________________ (needed for liability insurance)
THE MARYLAND STATE COACHES ASSOCIATION
Fellow ADs-Since the Maryland State Coaches Associations’ membershipyear runs from August 1st through July 31st, now is a goodtime to remind your coaches and ADs in your area to renewtheir memberships. Considering the enormous benefits - suchas $1 million liability coverage, a subscription to Coaches’Quarterly, and a national awards program - this is a greatopportunity for only $16. If a coach joins directly through the NFHS, it would cost $30 and he/she will not be amember of the MSCA. The only way to get dual membership at $16 is to join through the MSCA. What a deal!
Please encourage your coaches and remind the ADs at schools in your district to join! If anyone has any questions,please feel free to E-mail me at [email protected].
Thanks a lot!Dave
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
MSCA MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Dr. David Hoch
NFHS Coaches Association
MD State Director
c/o Loch Raven High School
1212 Cowpens Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21286
For the same fee ($16), coaches can have dual membership in the NFHS Coaches Association and the MarylandState Coaches Association. The NFHS Coaches Association provides the following benefits:
� $1 million of liability insurance protection, including classroom liability, summer camps and clinics, summer coaching,and catastrophic and accident medical coverage.� Subscription to the NFHS Coaches’ Quarterly Magazine.� National and state awards programs to honor high school coaches.� One NFHS Coaches Association member serves on each NFHS rules committee. No other organization providesthis opportunity. And More!
Return your application form with a check made payable to the Maryland State Coaches Association.
11
National Interscholastic Association of Athletic AdministratorsCongratulations to the following NIAAA certified Athletic Administrators
Resident Athletic Administrator (RAA)William Bauer, Joppatowne HS
Kari McBride, The Catholic HS of BaltimoreWilliam Smith, Elkton Christian
Certified Master Athletic Administrator (CMAA)Dr. William Beattie, Montgomery County
(Athletic Coordinator)
Certified Athletic Administrator (CAA)James Horn, South Carroll HS
William Rumbaugh, Winters Mill HSMichael Sye, Woodlawn HS
Miquel-Rikki Sye, Reginald F. Lewis HSLeo Totten, Francis S. Key HS
Gabriele Von Nordheim, Montgomery County(Athletic Specialist)
Congratulations to All!
Ms. Carol Satterwhite, CAA5467 Gloucester RoadColumbia, MD 21044
Maryland StateAthletic Directors Association
Official Sponsor
PresidentDr. David Hoch, CMAA
1st Vice-PresidentMr. Lee Dove, CAA
410.969.9105 [email protected]
2nd Vice-PresidentKarl Heimbach, CAA
301. [email protected]
SecretaryMs. Jill Myers, CAA
Treasurer & NIAAA LiasionMs. Carol M. Satterwhite, CAA
410.730.8542 HOME
Historian & Retired MembersMr. Ed Novak
410.665.5953 HOME
LTC Coord/Past PresidentMr. David A. Anderson, CAA
LTC CoordinatorMr. Ron Belinko, CAA
District 1 - Alleg, Fred, Gar & WashMs. Marcia Nissel, CAA
At Large Central MDMr. Jim Horn, CAA
Middle SchoolsMr. Jaye Cohen, CAA
District 2A - Mont. Co. PrivateMr. Gene Rotberg, CAA
301.871.6200 [email protected]
District 2B - Mont. Co. PublicJim Tapley
District 3 - Prince George's Co.Mr. Terry Parfitt
District 4 - Cal, Char, St. Mary'sMr. Cliff Nagle301.934.1100
District 5A - AA Caroll Co.Mr. Wayne Mook
District 5B - Harf & Howard Co.Mr. Vince Parnell, CAA
District 6 - Baltimore CoMr. Reggie Brooks, CAA
District 7 - Eastern Shore Co.Ms. Mary Fisher
410. [email protected]
District 8 - MIAA PrivateMr. Greg Whitley
District 9 - Baltimore CityMs. Barbara Allen
District 10 - IAAM PrivateMs. Lois Miller
410.323.5500 [email protected]
Communication/NewsletterPast President
Mr. Bob Graves, CAA301.294.6059
2 0 0 3 / 2 0 0 5 E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l
2003 National Athletic
Directors Conference
Registration Information
INSIDE!
M a r y l a n d S t a t e A t h l e t i c D i r e c t o r s A s s o c i a t i o n
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○