Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NY

Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NY

La Belle Époque[1871-1914]

“The Beautiful Era” or the

Fin de Siècle

La Belle Époque[1871-1914]

“The Beautiful Era” or the

Fin de Siècle

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque1.1. MaterialismMaterialism

Higher standard of livingHigher standard of living

Development “zones”Development “zones”

• Inner ZoneInner Zone Br, Fr, Ger, Br, Fr, Ger, Belg, Belg, No. It,W. AustriaNo. It,W. Austria

•Outer ZoneOuter Zone Ire., Iberian Ire., Iberian Pen., most of Italy, Europe Pen., most of Italy, Europe easteastof Ger.of Ger.

•Underdeveloped ZoneUnderdeveloped Zone Afro-AsiaAfro-Asia

2.2. Increased European PopulationIncreased European Population

3.3. Growth of Cities & Urban LifeGrowth of Cities & Urban Life

4.4. Migration from EuropeMigration from Europe

1850-1940 1850-1940 60 million left 60 million left EuropeEurope

Went to Went to US, Argentina, Brazil, US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Canada,

Australia/N. Zeal.Australia/N. Zeal.

5.5. ““Second” Industrial RevolutionSecond” Industrial Revolution

Steam Steam electricity electricity

Internal combustion & diesel Internal combustion & diesel engines.engines.

Cars, planes, submarines.Cars, planes, submarines.

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

5. “Second” Industrial Revolution Second” Industrial Revolution Britain Britain “The World’s Industrial “The World’s Industrial Workshop” Workshop”

Corporations Corporations limited liability of limited liability of

investments. investments.

Mass production.Mass production.

6.6. Free Trade [esp. in England]Free Trade [esp. in England]

7.7. World Markets [Global Economy, World Markets [Global Economy, Part II]Part II]

8.8. Advance of DemocracyAdvance of Democracy

Extension of the vote to the Extension of the vote to the working class.working class.

Creating a “welfare state.”Creating a “welfare state.”

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

9.9. The Appeal of SocialismThe Appeal of Socialism

By the 1880s, most socialist By the 1880s, most socialist parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. & Fr.]& Fr.]

Not very successful in England.Not very successful in England.

10.10. Faith in Science AloneFaith in Science Alone

Science at the core of Science at the core of industrialization.industrialization.

““New Wonders” of daily life.New Wonders” of daily life.

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

• Origin of SpeciesOrigin of Species [1859] [1859]

• ““survival of the fittest”survival of the fittest”

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

10.10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]

““Social Darwinism” Social Darwinism” Herbert Herbert SpenserSpenser

EugenicsEugenics

Newtonian Science turned on its Newtonian Science turned on its headhead

• Einstein Einstein “Theory of “Theory of Relativity”Relativity” nature & energy nature & energy were were separate & distinct. separate & distinct.

•Max Planck Max Planck Quantum Quantum PhysicsPhysics

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

10.10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]Faith in Science Alone [con’t.]

Professionalization of “new” Professionalization of “new” sciences [anthropology, sciences [anthropology, archeaology,etc.]archeaology,etc.]

• PsychologyPsychology

Ivan Pavlov Ivan Pavlov conditioned conditioned responsesresponses

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud psychoanalysispsychoanalysis

o The Interpretation of The Interpretation of DreamsDreams [1900] [1900]

o The role of the The role of the unconscious [the id, unconscious [the id, ego, super ego].ego, super ego].

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

11.11. New Trends in PhilosophyNew Trends in Philosophy

AgnosticismAgnosticism

NihilismNihilism

•Friedrich NietzscheFriedrich Nietzsche

ÜbermenschÜbermensch “Super “Super Man”Man”

IrrationalismIrrationalism

ExistentialismExistentialism

•Sören Kierkegaard Sören Kierkegaard existence existence proceeds essenceproceeds essence

12.12. Internal Religious StrugglesInternal Religious Struggles

modernists vs. fundamentalistsmodernists vs. fundamentalists

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque

13.13. Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

Dreyfus AffairDreyfus Affair

Theodore Herzl Theodore Herzl Der Der JudenstaatJudenstaat [ [The Jewish StateThe Jewish State], ], 18961896

• ““Father of Modern Zionism”Father of Modern Zionism”

14.14. Women’s MovementWomen’s Movement

Emmeline PankhurstEmmeline Pankhurst

15.15. The “New” ImperialismThe “New” Imperialism

16.16. Militarism Militarism glorification of war glorification of war

Characteristics of La Belle Characteristics of La Belle ÉpoqueÉpoque