ms. soles social studies lesson 27 south america: uruguay
TRANSCRIPT
Ms. Soles
Social Studies
Lesson 27
South America: Uruguay
Lesson Topics
1) Physical Characteristics2) History3) Government4) Economics5) People/Culture6) Plants/Animals
Where in the world is Uruguay?
•Name: Uruguay(long form) Oriental Republic of Uruguay
•Capital City: Montevideo (1,336,878 pop.) (1,800,000 metro)
•Uruguay Population: 3,372,000 (2010 est.)
• Currency: Uruguayan Peso (UYU)
•Ethnicity: White 88%, Mestizo 8%, Black 4%, Amerindian (practically nonexistent)
•GDP total: $47.8 billion (2010) •GDP per capita: $13,600 (2010)
•Language: Spanish (official),
Portunol
• Largest Cities: (by population) Montevideo, Salto, Paysandu, Las Piedras, Rivera, Maldonado, Tacuarembo, Melo, Mercedes, Artigas
• Name: The name Uruguay means "river where the loud painted birds live" in the Guarani language.
• National Day: August 25
•Religion: Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1%
Metropolitan
Cathedral in
Montevideo
The eastern, southern and western plains in Uruguay eventually flow into the rolling hills and low mountains of the interior. In the southwest, the flat lowlands between the coastline and hills (Littoral) merge more gradually into the hilly interior.
•Along the Atlantic, near Montevideo, sandy beaches ring the coastline. In the east - from Punta del Este to Cabo Polonio - the coastal plain is sandy, marshy, and broken by a few bays and lagoons.
In the north, a series of low mountains run north into the highlands of Brazil. In the east, a narrow band of low mountains extends from the coastal areas through Treinta y Tres
In this land of rivers, major ones include the Uruguay, which flows south along its entire border with Argentina, on into the River Plate.
Uruguay's only land border is with Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to the north. To the west lie the Uruguay River and to the southwest lies the estuary of Río de la Plata with Argentina only a short commute across the banks of either of these bodies of water, while to the southeast lies the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Uruguay, with an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), is the second-smallest nation of South America in area after Suriname.
Climate of Uruguay
Uruguay's climate is relatively mild. Located entirely within the temperate zone Uruguay has a climate that is fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare.
The mean annual precipitation is generally greater than 40 inches (1,000 mm), decreasing with distance from the sea coast, and is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year
As would be expected by its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country.
Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind (pampero) from the Argentine Pampas.
Uruguay has a largely uniform temperature throughout the year, summer being tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter.
The mean annual precipitation is generally greater than 40 inches (1,000 mm), decreasing with distance from the sea coast, and is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.
The only documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrúa, a small tribe driven south by the Guaraní of Paraguay.
1500's - 1800's • (1516) Spanish navigator Juan
Diaz de Solis killed by indigenous people while exploring the Rio de la Plata
• (1726) Spanish founded Montevideo; took Uruguay from Portuguese
• (1776) Uruguay became part of Vice-royalty of La Plata, capital at Buenos Aires
The first permanent settlement on the territory of present-day Uruguay was founded by the Spanish in 1624 at Soriano on the Río Negro. In 1669–71 the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento. Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers.
• (1808) Uruguay rebelled against Vice-royalty of La Plata followed by Napoleon Bonaparte overthrow of Spanish monarchy
• (1812-20) Uruguayans from eastern side of River Plata fought against Argentinean, Brazilian invaders
• (1825) Uruguay declared independence from Brazil
Battle of Caseros
• (1828) Brazil, Argentina renounced claims to territories which became the Eastern Republic of Uruguay
• (1830) Constitution approved • (1838-65) Civil war between
Whites, (future conservative party), Colorados or Reds (future liberals)
• (1903-15) Reformist Jose Batlle y Ordonez (Colorado Party) gave women franchise, established a welfare state, disestablished church, abolished the death penalty during two successive terms as president
• (1925) Uruguay became independent
• (1933) Opposition groups excluded from politics followed military coup
• (1951) President replaced with nine-member council in accordance with new constitution
• (1962 - 1973) Campaign by Tupamaros guerrillas
• (1971) British ambassador to Uruguay, Geoffrey Jackson, kidnapped by Tupamaros guerrillas, held for eight months
• (1972) 16 survivors of Andes Uruguayan plane stayed alive survivors, mainly members of Uruguayan rugby team, were trapped for 10 weeks
• (1973) Uruguay armed forces overthrew democratic government, established brutal dictatorship presided by President Juan Maria Bordaberry
• (1984) Violent protests against repression and deteriorated economic conditions
• (1985) Army, political leaders agreed on return to constitutional government, release of political prisoners; law granted amnesty to members of armed forces accused of human rights violations during years of dictatorship; Julio Maria Sanguinetti became president
• (1989) Referendum endorsed amnesty for human rights abusers; Lacalle Herrera elected president
• (1994) Julio Maria Sanguinetti elected president
• (1999) Jorge Batlle elected president
Then-president Jorge Batlle with George H.W. Bush
• (2000) Commission began investigating fate of 160 people who disappeared during the years of military dictatorship
• (2001-2004) 15% of Uruguay’s population left country in search of work due to economic crisis
• (2002) US Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill arrived in Uruguay, announced $1.5 billion temporary loan to stabilize the financial crises
• (2003) World bank approved loans worth more than $250 million;
• (2004) Official poverty rate in Uruguay was 31%; Tabare Vazquez won presidential election, became the nation’s first leftist leader
• (2005) President Vazquez sworn in; restored ties with Cuba, signed energy deal with Venezuela, announced welfare package to tackle poverty
• (2006) International Court of Justice rejected bid by Argentina to suspend construction of two Uruguayan pulp mills; Juan Maria Bordaberry, Uruguay paid off billion-dollar debt to the International Monetary Fund
• (2007) Hundreds of Argentineans crossed into Uruguay to protest outside a paper pulp mill
• (2008) President Vasquez announced discovery of possible large natural gas field off Uruguay’s Atlantic coast
• (2009); former military ruler Gregorio Alvarez sentenced to 25 years in prison for murder, human rights violations;
• (2010) Former president Juan Maria Bordaberry sentenced to 30 years in prison for murder, violation of the constitution in 1973 military coup; Jose Mujica took office as president
Economy/Resources
In 2010 Uruguay's export-oriented agricultural sector contributed to 9.3% of the GDP, and employed a 13% of the workforce. Official statistics indicate that meat and sheep farming is Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land.
The percentage further increases to 82.4% when cattle breeding is linked to other farm activities such as dairy, forage and rotation with crops such as rice. Agriculture produces 70% of Uruguayan exports.
The People/Culture
Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin with an estimated 88% of the population being of European descent.
Uruguayan people
Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy (about one-quarter of the population is of Italian origin) and, to a much lesser degree, from France and Britain. Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina and Paraguay.
Few direct descendants of Uruguay’s indigenous peoples remain, and mestizos account for less than one-tenth of the population. People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total.
Few direct descendants of Uruguay’s indigenous peoples remain, and mestizos account for less than one-tenth of the population. People of African descent make up an even smaller proportion of the total.
Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. Unlike most Latin American countries influences from the indigenous cultures are minimal. The tradition of the gaucho has been an important element in the art and folklore of both Uruguay and Argentina.
shares not only its gaucho The folk and popular music of Uruguay roots with Argentina but also those of the tango. The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. The guitar is the preferred musical instrument.
Candombe, by Pedro Figari(Uruguayan Painter 1861-
1938)
Candombe Montevideo Uruguay
Candombe Drum
Candombe Drum Piano with Stick
A music troupe playing Uruguayan Candombe in the "Desfile de Llamadas, through the Sur and Palermo neighborhoods, Montevideo (Uruguay).
Asado is a popular traditional dish in Uruguay, a kind of barbecued beef.Beef is fundamental to Uruguayan cuisine and the country is one of the world’s top consumers of red meat per capita. Popular foods include beef platters, steak sandwiches (chivito), pastas, barbecued kidneys and sausages.
Chivito is the name of a sandwich-style national dish in Uruguay.
Asado de tira (Flanken-cut Short ribs).
Asado with achuras (offal) and sausages
Other Uruguayan dishes include: morcilla dulce, a type of blood sausage cooked with ground orange fruit, orange peel and walnuts; milanesa, a breaded veal cutlet similar to the Italian cotoletta; snacks such as olímpicos (club sandwiches), húngaras (spicy sausage in a hot dog roll), and masas surtidas (bite-sized pastries).
Cotoletta (from Italian: = "little rib", because of the rib that remains attached to the meat during and after the cooking) is an Italian word for a breaded veal cutlet.
Uruguay Football is the most popular Sport in Uruguay. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902.
Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games, and again in 1928 in Amsterdam.
Participating Countries of
the 1924 Olympiad
Animals in Paraguay
The White-eared
Opossum
Burrowing Parrot
Plant Examples
Harrisia is a genus of
cacti
Tannat is a red wine grape (Considered national Grape)
It’s time to leave Uruguay! We have visited all South American countries except for one, can you guess which it is? Remember, French Guiana is part of the continent, however, is under French control!
Good-bye!
Resources
http://www.wikipedia.orghttp://www.worldatlas.com