m/s harsha sugars ltd -...
TRANSCRIPT
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
for obtaining
Environmental Clearance
for the
Proposed expansion of Sugar Plant from 4500 TCD to
7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr Cogeneration
Unit & establishment of new 60 KLPD Distillery along
with installation of Incineration Boiler to
generate 3 MW/Hr Power
By
M/s HARSHA SUGARS LTD
Located at
Sy No 411/1, 411/2, 413/1, 412, 411/3 Saundatti Village,
Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi District, Karnataka.
Prepared by
No. 13/2, 1st Main Road, Near Fire Station, Industrial Town, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru– 560010 QCI/NABET/EIA/ACO/18/00732
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd i
REVISION RECORD
Rev. No Date Purpose
01 22-01-2018 Submitted as draft EIA report to client for
verification and comments
02 04.04.2018 Submitted as Draft EIA report to KSPCB for EPH
03 13-08-2018 Submitted to Client as Final EIA report for
verification& comments
04 29-08-2018 Issued as Final EIA report for submission to MoEF
& CC
Prepared by Verified by Approved by
Praveena Kumari H.N
EIA Coordinator
Madhu Kumar C.
Director (Technical)
Shivanand M. Dambal
Chairman & Managing Director
DOCUMENT NO. EHSCPL/HSL/2017-18/
05 12-11-2018Reissued as Final EIA report for submission to
MoEF&CC
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
ii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
iii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
iv
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
v
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
vi
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
vii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
viii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
ix
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
x
ABBREVIATIONS
AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
APC Air Pollution Control
AQI Air quality Index
BGL Below Ground Level
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CFE Consent For Establishment
CFL Compact Fluorescent
CGWA Central Ground Water Board
CHP Combined Heat and Power
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPU Condensate Polishing Unit
CRZ Coastal regulation zone
CREP Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection.
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
CW Carriage Way
db(A) Decibels
DCP Dry Chemical Powder
DCS Distributed Control System
DG Diesel Generator
DFO DeFoaming Oil
DM De Mineralisation
DMP Disaster Management Plan
EC Environmental Clearance
EC Electrical Conductivity
EHSCPL Environmental Health And Safety Consultant Pvt Ltd
EHSRDC Environmental Health and Safety Research and Development Centre
EIA Environment Impact Assessment
EMC Environmental Management Cell
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMoP Environmental Monitoring Plan
ENA Extra Neutral Alcohol
ESP Electrostatic Precipitator
ESC Enterprise Social Commitment
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
ETA Event Tree Analysis
FTA Fault Tree Analysis
FEI Fire Explosion Index
AFFF Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (Fire Fighting)
GCMS Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
GCV Gross Calorific Value
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEM Ground Water Estimation Committee Methodology
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xi
GIS Geographic Information System
GLC’s Ground Level Concentrations
GM Geometric Mean
GPS Global Positioning System
HP High Pressure
HSD High Speed Diesel
HSL Harsha Sugars Ltd
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HESCOM Hubli Electricity Supply Company
IMD India Meteorological Department
IMFL Indian Made Foreign Liquor
IRC Indian Roads Congress
IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellite
IS Indian Standard
ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers
IUCN International Union For Conservation of Nature
KLD/ KLPD Kilo Litre Per Day
KPTCL Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd
KSEIAA Karnataka State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority
KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
KSRSAC Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre
KNNL Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited
KVA Kilo Volt Ampere
KFD Karnataka Forest Department
KW Kilo Watt
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
LPS Liters per Second
LOS Level of Service
LULC Land Use And Land Cover
MCC Motor Control Centre
MCR Master Control Room
MCA Maximum Credible Accident
MEE Multi Effect Evaporator
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLSS Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids
MM Mitigation measures
MoEF CC Ministry of Environment & Forests and Climate Change
MOL Molasses
MP Medium Pressure
MS Mild Steel
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MSSV Main Steam Stop Valve
MSIHC Manufacturing, Storage and Identification of Hazardous Chemicals
MT Metric Tons
MVA Mega Volt Ampere
MW/Hr Mega Watt per Hour
NAAQM National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xii
NABL National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories
NBSSLP National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning
NE North East
NA Not Applicable
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NHS National Hydrological Service
NMHC Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
NOC No Objection Certificate
NW North West
O&M Operation and maintenance
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
OISD Oil Industries Safety Directorate
OP Orthophosphoric Acid
PAH Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PCU Passenger Car Units
PPE Personal Protection Equipment
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
PIA Project Impact Area
PPM Parts Per Million
P&ID Piping and Instrumentation diagrams
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RET Rare, Endangered and Threatened
ROW Right of Way
RPM Revolution Per Minute
RS Rectified Sprit
RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal
RDPR Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
RO Reverse osmosis
SAR Sodium Absorption Ratio
SD Standard deviation
SH State Highway
SOI Survey of India
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SCBA Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
SWD Side Water Depth
TAC Tariff Advisory Committee
TCD Tons of Cane Crushing Per Day
TCH Tons Cane per Hours
TG Turbo Generator
TOR Terms of Reference
TPD Tons Per Day
TPH Tons Per Hour
TRO Turkey Red Oil
TSS Total Suspended Solids
UASBR Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
UOM Unit of Measurement
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xiii
VCE Vapour Cloud Explosion
WL Wild Life
WTP Water Treatment Plant
WHC Water Holding Capacity
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
i
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
ii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery &3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
iii
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xvi
COMPLIANCE TO TOR CONDITIONS
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
A. SPECIFIC TOR
1 List of existing distillery units in the study area
along with their capacity and sourcing of raw
material.
Nil in the study area of 10 kms radius.
However, Renuka Sugars Ltd., Munoli,
Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi having 120
KLPD distillery is located at 15.50Km
2 Number of working days of the distillery unit. 330 Days
3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains,
their source with availability.
Chapter-2 Project description; 2.6 Raw
Material required for Sugar and Cogen
unit; Distillery Pg. 37-44
4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Chapter-2 Project description; Table 2.16
Technical features of the plant - Sugar
and Cogen: Pg 49-55
5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed
spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard.
As there is no source of water available
near proposed spentwash storage lagoon
and compost yard ground water has not
been analysed for water quality.
However, water quality analysis has been
carried out in different places as described
in Chapter- 3 Description of the
Environment; 3.6 Water Environment;
3.6.1 Water sources in the study area;
3.6.2 Sources of water pollution in the
study area; 3.6.4 Water Quality ; Pg 130-
143;
6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8
KL/KL of alcohol produced.
Chapter-2 Project description; 2.7
Resource requirement – water; Table 2.14
Resource requirement; Pg 44-48
7. Proposed effluent treatment system for
molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent
lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic
sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent
discharge (ZLD).
Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures; 4.4.5
Condensate Polishing Unit/ETP design
report for distillery section; Pg 241-258
8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption
within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production.
Chapter-2 Project description; 2.7
Resource requirement – water; Table 2.14
Resource requirement; Pg 44-48
9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank,
material used, design consideration. No. of
piezometer to be proposed around spent wash
holding tank.
Chapter-2 Project Description; 2.13 Spent
wash treatment and power generation –
using incineration boiler; Pg 79-83
Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures; 4.4.8
Ground water impact assessment studies;
4.4.8.4 Construction of piezometer Pg
263-264
10. Action plan to control ground water pollution. Chapter-4 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.4.8
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xvii
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
Ground water impact assessment studies;
Pg 263-264
11. Details of solid waste management including
management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of
incinerated spent wash ash generation and its
disposal.
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
Refer Table No: 4.20 Pg: 272
12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). Not applicable
13. Action plan to control odour pollution. Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
Refer Paragraph No:4.2.5 Pg:230
14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online
monitoring system ( 24x7 monitoring device)
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
4.2.2.4 Mitigation measures; Pg 228
Sugar
15. Complete process flow diagram describing each
unit, its processes and operations in production of
sugar, along with material and energy inputs and
outputs (material and energy balance)
Chapter 2.0 Project Description; 2.10
Sugar manufacturing process: Fig: 2.13 &
2.14 Pg: 57-69
16. Details on water balance including quantity of
effluent generated, recycled & reused. Efforts to
minimize effluent discharge and to maintain quality
of receiving water body.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description; Water
balance for Sugar and Distillery unit ; Fig
2.10, 2.11 & 2.12 pg: 44-48
17. Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated
water quality with specific efficiency of each
treatment unit in reduction in respect of all
concerned/regulated environmental parameters.
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
Details of effluent treatment plant 4.4.5
pg: 241-258
18. Number of working days of the sugar production
unit.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description ;Sugar
unit: 180 days
19. Details of the use of steam from the boiler Chapter-2 Project description; Table 2.19
Description of spent wash incineration
boiler; Pg 55; Table 2.16 Technical
features of the plant - Sugar and Cogen:
Pg 49-55
20. Details of proposed source-specific pollution
control schemes and equipments to meet the
national standards.
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
Details of effluent treatment plant 4.4.5
pg: 241-258
21. Collection, storage, handling and transportation of
molasses,
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
2.8.3.2 Storage of Products and By
Products Pg: 56
Molasses stored in steel structural tank of
capacity of 4x 5000MT
22. Collection, storage and handling of bagasse and
press mud.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description; Refer
2.8.3.2 Storage of Products and By
Products Pg: 56
23. Fly ash management plan for coal based and
bagasse and action plan
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures;
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xviii
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
4.2.4 Fly ash Management Pg:229
24. Details on water quality parameters such as
Temperature, Colour, pH, BOD, COD, Total
Kjeldhal Nitrogen, Phosphates, Oil & Grease, Total
Suspended Solids, Total Coli form bacteria etc.
Chapter 3.0 Description of the
Environment ; Details of Water Quality,
Refer Table: 3.33, 3.34 & 3.31
Pg: 138-141
25. Details on existing ambient air quality and
expected, stack and fugitive emissions for PM10,
PM 2.5, SO2*, NOx*, etc., and evaluation of the
adequacy of the proposed pollution control devices
to meet standards for point sources and to meet
AAQ standards. (* - As applicable)
Chapter 3.0 Description of the
Environment ; Refer Paragraph: 3.4.7
and enclose report as annexure-2
Pg:109-116
GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) IN RESPECT OF INDUSTRY SECTOR
1 Executive summary of the project Executive summary of the project has
been prepared and enclosed at the
beginning of the EIA report
2 Introduction
i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation
Details of the EIA Consultant including
NABET accreditation given in Chapter 10
Pg: 387-389
ii. Information about the project proponent Chapter 1.0 Introduction Refer paragraph
No:1.2 Pg:19-20
iii. Importance and benefits of the project Chapter 1.0 Introduction
Refer paragraph No:1.4 Pg:20-21
Chapter 7.0 Project Benefits ; Pg:361
3 Project description
i. Cost of project and time of completion. Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Cost of the project Rs. 307.32 Crores
ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Para 2.9 Proposed Product Details
:Table No:2.20 ;Pg:57
iii. If expansion project, details of existing products
with capacities and whether adequate land is
available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if
any.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Para 2.9 Proposed Product Details
:Table No:2.20 ;Pg:57
iv List of raw materials required and their source
along with mode of transportation.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer 2.6.5 Raw Material Requirement-
Sugar Plant&2.6.6 Raw material for
cogeneration; Pg: 42-44 v Other chemicals and materials required with
quantities and storage capacities
vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste
generation and their management.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Details of effluent generation :Table 2.14
Pg:44-45 ; Process emissions generation
from proposed 140 TPH bagasse fired
boiler and 22TPH slop fired boiler will be
managed by the installation of ESP
Chapter 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts And Mitigation Measures; Table
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xix
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
4.20 Mitigation measures for handling
solid and hazardous waste
vii Requirement of water, power, with source of
supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,
man-power requirement (regular and contract)
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Table:2.14 & 2.15
and fig 2.10 & 2.11
viii Process description along with major equipments
and machineries, process flow sheet (quantities)
from raw material to products to be provided
Chapter 2.0 Project Description; Refer
Paragraph No: 2.8 & Table 2.16, 2.17 &
2.18 Pg: 49-55
ix Hazard identification and details of proposed safety
systems.
Chapter 6.0 Additional Studies Refer
paragraph: 6.4.6 ; Table 6.29 Pg:336-341
x Expansion/modernization proposals Expansion
Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s)
including Amendments thereto obtained for the
project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an
Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring
Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th
May, 2012 on the status of compliance of
conditions stipulated in all the existing
environmental clearances including Amendments
shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance
of Consent to Operate for the ongoing I existing
operation of the project from SPCB shall be
attached with the EIA-EMP report.
-Not applicable-
Existing capacity of the industry is 4500
TCD cane crushing and 14 MW/Hr
cogeneration; it doesn’t attract EIA
Notification 2006 and subsequent
amendments.
In case the existing project has not obtained
environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC
under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994
and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided.
Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection
Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units
operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and
CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB
shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to
the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be
submitted.
-Not applicable-
Existing capacity of the industry is 4500
TCD and 14 MW/Hr cogeneration,
doesn’t attract EIA Notification 2006 and
subsequent amendments.
Copy of the CFE enclosed as annexure -1
4. Site Details
i. Location of the project site covering village,
Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for
selecting the site, whether other sites were
considered.
Chapter -2.0 Project description; 2.1
Location of the proposed project; Pg 23
2.2 Criteria for site selection; Pg-23
ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km
and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an
A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and
environmentally sensitive places)
Chapter -2.0 Project description; Fig 2.2
Toposheet with 10 Km radius
demarcation showing location of the
proposed project site; Pg 27
iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Not applicable as it is an expansion
proposal within the existing premises
iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xx
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
site Refer Table. 2.2
15 0 43' 19.25" N : 75
0 03' 30.99" E
15 0 43' 09.98" N : 75
0 03' 29.91" E
15 0 42' 58.59" N : 75
0 03' 28.15" E
15 0 42' 58.43" N : 75
0 03' 37.96" E
15 0 43' 05.13" N : 75
0 03' 35.46" E
15 0 43' 04.96" N : 75
0 03' 46.65" E
15 0 43' 10.46" N : 75
0 03' 47.22" E
15 0 43' 21.09" N : 75
0 03' 53.56" E
v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Fig. 2.5 & 2.6 Pg: 31-32
vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as
proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area,
greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an
Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial
Area indicating location of unit within the
Industrial area/Estate.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Fig. 2.8 & 2.9 and also details plan
enclosed as annexure-4;Pg 35-36
vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if
applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs
of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Fig. 2.3 and for Green belt
development refer Fig 3.35 of Chapter 4
of EIA report
viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site
(identified and acquired), government/private -
agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies,
settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for
industrial area)
Chapter 2.0 Project Description;
Refer Table No:2.1 Pg: 24
ix. A list of major industries with name and type
within study area (10km radius) shall be
incorporated. Land use details of the study area.
Chapter -2.0 Project description; Fig 2.7
Map of Saundatti District with location of
existing sugar industry; Pg 33
x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of
the study area shall be included.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.6.6 Geology; Pg 143
3.6.7 Hydrogeology, ground water and
water conservation; Pg 147
xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius
of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of
any major river, peak and lean season river
discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency
based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years.
Details of Flood Level of the project site and
maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be
provided. (mega green field projects)
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.6.5 Hydrology profile;
Drainage; Fig; 3.27
xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not
complete, stage of the acquisition process and
expected time of complete possession of the land.
Total 51.3 Acres land was purchased
Land is already in the name of Harsha
Sugars Ltd.
xiii R&R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy
- NA-
5 Forest and Wildlife related issues (if applicable)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
xxi
Sl.
No. TORs
Compliance with respect to Final EIA
Report
i Permission and approval for the use of forest land
(forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations
of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
No forest land required for the project
No wild life related issues involved
ii Land use map based on High resolution satellite
imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the
forestland (in case of projects involving forest land
more than 40 ha)
iii Status of Application submitted for obtaining the
stage I forestry clearance along with latest status
shall be submitted.
iv The projects to be located within 10 km of the
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project
proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated
by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features
vis-à-vis the project location and the
recommendations or comments of the Chief
Wildlife Warden-thereon
v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by
the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State
Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna,
if any exists in the study area
vi Copy of application submitted for clearance under
the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing
Committee of the National Board for Wildlife
6 Environmental Status
i Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the
project site and site-specific micro-meteorological
data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly
wind speed and direction and rainfall.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.4 Air Environment; Pg
100-116
ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other
parameters relevant to the project shall be
collected. The monitoring stations shall be based
CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-
dominant wind direction, population zone and
sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.4.5 selection of sampling
station; Pg 105-106
iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of
all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM
Notification of Nov. 2009 along with – min., max.,
average and 98% values for each of the AAQ
parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be
provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.4 Air environment ; 3.4.7
results of ambient air quality monitoring
done in radius of 10 km; Pg 109-114
Raw data enclosed as annexure-2
iv Surface water quality of nearby River (100m
upstream and downstream of discharge point) and
other surface drains at eight locations as per
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.6 water environment;
3.6.1 surface water sources; Table 3.31
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. Details of Water Quality Sampling
Stations; Pg:133-134
Table 3.32 overall observation on water
sources and sanitation status in villages in
study area; Pg 137
Only 3 surface water samples were
collected out of 9 locations mentioned in
the TOR due to non availability of surface
water.
v Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of
river identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes
give details.
No
vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8
locations shall be included.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.6.4.3 details of sampling
location; table 3.31 details of water
quality sampling stations; Pg 133-134
vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the
study area.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment 3.5 noise levels; table 3.29
details of ambient noise level monitoring
station; Pg 127-128
viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.3.2 soil characteristics;
Pg 92-100
ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles,
frequency of vehicles for transportation of
materials, additional traffic due to proposed
project, parking arrangement etc.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.4.8 Traffic study; Pg 116-
126
x Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial
and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be
given with special reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found
within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan
shall be prepared and furnished.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.7 Biological
Environment; Pg 161-190
xi Socio-economic status of the study area. Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.8 Social Environment; Pg
190-210
7. Impact and Environment Management Plan
i Assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants from the stack emission based on site-
specific meteorological features. In case the project
is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling
shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain
characteristics for determining the potential
impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative
impact of all sources of emissions (including
transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.2 Air
Environment; Pg 213-215
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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assessed. Details of the model used and the input
data used for modeling shall also be provided. The
air quality contours shall be plotted on a location
map showing the location of project site, habitation
nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.
ii. Water Quality modeling – in case of discharge in
water body
-NA-
iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and
end products on the surrounding environment shall
be assessed and provided. In this regard, options
for transport of raw materials and finished products
and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum
road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall
be examined.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.2.6
impact of traffic; Pg 230-233
iv A note on treatment of wastewater from different
plant operations, extent recycled and reused for
different purposes shall be included. Complete
scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of
untreated and treated effluent to meet the
prescribed standards of discharge under E (P)
Rules.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.4.5
ETP /condensate polishing unit design
report for distillery section; Pg 241-258
v Details of stack emission and action plan for
control of emissions to meet standards.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.2.1
impact on air environment; Pg 213-215;
4.2.2.3 Air pollution control equipment;
table 4.8 technical specification of ESP;
Pg 222
vi Measures for fugitive emission control Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.2.3
Fugitive emissions; table 4.12 Fugitive
emissions control strategy; Pg 228
vii Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management. Copies of
MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous
waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP
shall include the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy
conservation, and natural resource conservation.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.8
Solid waste and HW generation and
management; Pg 271-272
Chapter-8 Environmental Management
Plan; 8.3 conservation of air, water and
energy recovery ; Pg 383
viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per
Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of
action shall be provided.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.2.4
Fly ash Management Pg:229 ;
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.8
Solid waste and HW generation and
management; Pg 271-272
ix Action plan for the green belt development plan in
33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees
Chapter 8 Environmental Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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per ha. Giving details of species, width of
plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included.
The green belt shall be around the project boundary
and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the
project shall also be incorporated.
Table 8.4 Details of Green belt
development plan Pg 380-381; 8.1.2
Guidelines for plantation; Pg 378-379
x Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at
plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater
from the roof tops and storm water drains to
recharge the ground water and also to use for the
various activities at the project site to conserve
fresh water and reduce the water requirement from
other sources.
Chapter- 4.0 Anticipated Environmental
Impacts and Mitigation Measures; 4.4.7
Storm water management; Pg 258-264
xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control measures shall be
included.
Chapter-8.0 Environmental Management
Plan; 8.2 Cost of estimates for
implementation of EMP; Pg 382-383
xii. Action plan for post-project environmental
monitoring shall be submitted.
Chapter- 5.0 Environmental Monitoring
programme; table 5.1 & 5.2
Environmental Monitoring Programme
during construction and operation
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-
made) Preparedness and Emergency Management
Plan including Risk Assessment and damage
control. Disaster management plan should be
linked with District Disaster Management Plan.
Chapter 6 Additional studies; 6.4 DMP;
Onsite DMP & Offsite emergency plan;
&; Pg 322-334
8. Occupational Health
i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational
health & safety of all contract and casual workers
Chapter -6.0 Additional Studies; 6.4.5
Occupational Health surveillance; Pg
334-335
NA
NA
ii. Details of exposure specific health status
evaluation of worker. If the workers’ health is
being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x
rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far
& Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular
defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical
examinations give the details of the same. Details
regarding last month analyzed data of above
mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of
exposure and department wise.
iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards.
What are the exposure levels of hazards and
whether they are within Permissible Exposure level
(PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures
the company has adopted to keep them within PEL
so that health of the workers can be preserved,
iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with
special reference to Occupational Health and
Safety.
9. Corporate Environmental Policy
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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i. Does the company have a well laid down
Environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA
report.
Chapter - 11.0 Corporate Environmental
Responsibility; Pg 389-390
ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for
standard operating process/procedures to bring into
focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the
environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it
may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative
order of the company to deal with the
environmental issues and for ensuring compliance
with the environmental clearance conditions?
Details of this system may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non
compliances / violations of environmental norms to
the Board of Directors of the company and / or
shareholders or stakeholders at large? This
reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA
report
10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as
sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as well as to the
casual workers including truck drivers during
operation phase.
Chapter-2.0 Project description; 2.15
Facilities to Labour; Pg 83
Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
11. i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project
cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise
Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues
and item-wise details along with time bound action
plan shall be included. Socio-economic
development activities need to be elaborated upon.
Chapter - 11.0 Corporate Environmental
Responsibility; Pg 389-390 and also in
3.8.22.2 CSR- Budget estimates; Pg 208-
210
12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or
any direction/order passed by any Court of Law
against the project, if so, details thereof shall also
be included. Has the unit received any notice under
the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If
so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the
notice(s) and present status of the case.
No litigation against the project
13. A tabular chart with index for point wise
compliance of above TORs.
Done
14 The TORs prescribed shall be valid for a period of
three years for submission of the EIA EMP reports.
Accepted
Additional TOR
1 A plan for implementation of Zero Liquid
Discharge system shall be submitted.
Chapter-2.0 Project description
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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2 A layout plan earmarking space for development of
Green belt of at least 10 m width along the
periphery of the plant with three layers of perennial
trees shall be submitted. At least 33 % of the area
shall be developed as green area with trees. Trees
shall be selected as per CPCB norms.
Chapter 8 Environmental Management
Plan
Table 8.4 :Details of Green belt
development plan Pg 380-381; 8.1.2
Guidelines for plantation; Pg 378-379
Greenbelt development enclosed as
annexure-3
3 Certified Compliance report of the existing EC to
be obtained from concerned RO, MoEF&CC and
the same shall be submitted along with EIA/EMP
report.
-Not applicable-
Existing capacity of the industry is 4500
TCD cane crushing and 14 MW/Hr
cogeneration, doesn’t attract EIA
Notification 2006 and further
amendments.
Copy of the CFE enclosed as annexure -1
4 At least 2.5 % of the total project cost may be
earmarked towards Enterprise Social Commitment
(ESC). PP shall submit a five year plan for ESC.
Chapter- 3.0 Description of the
Environment; 3.8.8 Corporate Social
Responsibility; table 3.72 CSR- Budget
estimates; Pg:208-210
5 Public hearing has to be conducted as per the
provisions of EIA Notification, 2006.
Public hearing conducted on 18.07.2018.
Refer 6.5 Environmental Public Hearing
Pg: 342-360
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 ES.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 ES.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................ 1 ES.3 Description of the Environment .................................................................................... 6 ES.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ..................................... 8 ES.6 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan ....................................................... 13 ES.7 Project Benefits ............................................................................................................ 14 ES.8 Environmental management plan ................................................................................ 14
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 19 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 About Promoters of M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd and Promoters Profile .............................. 19 1.3 Purpose of the Report ..................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Need of the project ......................................................................................................... 20 1.5 Scope of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) .......................................................... 21 1.6 Applicable Environmental Regulations and Standards .................................................. 21
PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Type of the project ......................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Criteria for site selection ................................................................................................ 23
2.2.1 Project Site Description .......................................................................................... 23 2.3 Road Connectivity .......................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Project site ...................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Project Details ................................................................................................................ 34 2.6 Raw Materials - Sugar unit ............................................................................................. 37
2.6.1 General .................................................................................................................... 37 2.6.2 About project site Agro Climatic Conditions ......................................................... 37 2.6.3 Sugarcane Availability ............................................................................................ 38 2.6.4 Requirement of Cane Development Programmes ................................................... 40 2.6.5 Raw Material Requirement- Sugar Plant ................................................................ 42 2.6.6 Raw material for cogeneration ................................................................................ 43 2.6.7 Raw material requirement for Distillery section ..................................................... 43
2.7 Resource requirement - Water ........................................................................................ 44 2.7.1 Water balance- Sugar and Cogen unit..................................................................... 44
2.8 Description of Major Systems ........................................................................................ 49 2.8.1 Plant Layout ............................................................................................................ 49 2.8.2 Machinery to be installed in cogeneration unit ....................................................... 50 2.8.3 Buildings ................................................................................................................. 55
2.9 Product, Production Capacity ......................................................................................... 57 2.10 Sugar manufacturing process ....................................................................................... 57
2.10.1 Process of Manufacturing ..................................................................................... 57 2.10.2 Juice Extraction ..................................................................................................... 57 2.10.3 Clarification .......................................................................................................... 58 2.10.4 Evaporation ........................................................................................................... 59 2.10.5 Crystallization ....................................................................................................... 59 2.10.6 Centrifugation ....................................................................................................... 60 2.10.7 Drying ................................................................................................................... 60 2.10.8 Quality Control & Specifications .......................................................................... 61
2.11 Cogeneration Process ................................................................................................... 63
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2.11.1 Types of Co- generation ........................................................................................ 63 2.11.2 Requirement of Sugar Industries .......................................................................... 64 2.11.3 Raw Material- Bagasse Availability ..................................................................... 65 2.11.4 Process details ....................................................................................................... 66 2.11.5 Characteristics of Bagasse .................................................................................... 67
2.12 Distillery Section .......................................................................................................... 70 2.12.1 Fermentation ......................................................................................................... 70 2.12.2 Multi Pressure Vacuum Distillation ...................................................................... 72 2.12.3 Dehydration of Alcohol ........................................................................................ 73 2.12.4 Mass Balance for distillery section ....................................................................... 79
2.13 Spent wash Treatment and power generation using incineration boiler ...................... 79 2.13.1 Incineration ........................................................................................................... 80 2.13.2 Salient Features of 22 TPH Incineration boiler .................................................... 80 2.13.3 Characteristics of incineration boiler ash .............................................................. 82
2.14 CO2 recovery from fermentation section ..................................................................... 83 2.15 Facilities Provided to Labour ....................................................................................... 83
2.15.1 During construction phase: ................................................................................... 83 2.15.2 During operational phase: ..................................................................................... 83
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 84 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 84 3.2 Baseline Data .................................................................................................................. 85 3.3 Land Environment .......................................................................................................... 89
3.3.1 Land use .................................................................................................................. 89 3.3.2 Soil Characteristics ................................................................................................. 91
3.4 Air Environment: Meteorology ...................................................................................... 99 3.4.1 Temperature ............................................................................................................ 99 3.4.2 Rainfall .................................................................................................................. 100 3.4.3 Meteorological data monitored at site for the study period .................................. 101 3.4.4 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................. 103 3.4.5 Selection of Sampling Stations ............................................................................. 104 3.4.7 Results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring done in a radius of 10 Kms ............. 108 3.4.8 Traffic Study ......................................................................................................... 115
3.5 Noise Levels ................................................................................................................. 125 3.6 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 128
3.6.1 Water sources in the study area............................................................................. 128 3.6.2 Sources of water pollution in the study area ......................................................... 130 3.6.3 Methodology for collection of samples ................................................................ 131 3.6.4 Surface and Ground water quality ........................................................................ 131 3.6.5 Hydrology Profile ................................................................................................. 141 3.6.6 Geology ................................................................................................................. 141 3.6.7 Hydrogeology, Ground Water & Water Conservation ......................................... 145 3.6.8 Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 149 3.6.9 Historical Data ...................................................................................................... 153 3.6.10 Ground Water Resources .................................................................................... 159
3.7 Biological Environment ............................................................................................... 159 3.7.1 Background of the study area ............................................................................... 159 3.7.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 162 3.7.3 Results & Discussions ........................................................................................... 165 3.7.4 Flora-Project site ................................................................................................... 165
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3.7.5 Study area .............................................................................................................. 171 3.7.6 Fauna-project site .................................................................................................. 179 3.7.7 Study area .............................................................................................................. 180 3.7.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 187
3.8 Social Environment ...................................................................................................... 189 3.8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 189 3.8.2 Scope of the Socio economic studies .................................................................... 189 3.8.3 Baseline Socioeconomic survey and Sampling .................................................... 190 3.8.4 Profile of the Project District ................................................................................ 190 3.8.5 Belagavi District-Highlights ................................................................................. 190 3.8.6 Project Impact Area .............................................................................................. 191 3.8.7 Demographic profile of the impacted villages ...................................................... 191
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
................................................................................................................................................ 207 4.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 207 4.1 Land Environment ........................................................................................................ 208
4.1.1 Impact on Land Use .............................................................................................. 208 4.1.2 Mitigation measures .............................................................................................. 208
4.2 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 209 4.2.1 Impact on Air Environment .................................................................................. 209 4.2.2 Modelling Procedure ............................................................................................. 211 4.2.3 Fugitive Emissions (Particulate matter) ................................................................ 224 4.2.4 Fly ash Management ............................................................................................. 225 4.2.5 Impact due to Odour ............................................................................................. 226 4.2.6 Impact on Traffic .................................................................................................. 226 4.2.7 Mitigation measures .............................................................................................. 228
4.3 Noise Environment ....................................................................................................... 229 4.3.1 Impact during Construction Phase ........................................................................ 229 4.3.2 Impact during Operational Phase .......................................................................... 229 4.3.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 231 4.3.4 Mitigation measures for impact on Vibration ....................................................... 232
4.4 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 232 4.4.1 Impact during Construction Phase ........................................................................ 232 4.4.2 Impact during Operational Phase .......................................................................... 232 4.4.3 Mitigation measures .............................................................................................. 233 4.4.4 Water Conservation Practices ............................................................................... 235 4.4.5 Effluent Treatment Plant ....................................................................................... 236 4.4.6 Effluent treatment plant design report for Distillery section ................................ 240 4.4.7 Storm Water Management .................................................................................... 243 4.4.8 Geology and Hydrology ........................................................................................ 247
4.5 Biological Environment ............................................................................................... 249 4.5.1 Impact due to movement of vehicles .................................................................... 249 4.5.2 Impact due to emissions ........................................................................................ 249 4.5.3 Impact due to noise pollution ................................................................................ 250 4.5.4 Pressure on existing trees ...................................................................................... 250 4.5.5 Impact on RET and Schedule I species ................................................................. 251 4.5.6 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 251 4.5.7 Evaluation of Impacts ........................................................................................... 251
4.6 Socio Economic Environment ...................................................................................... 253
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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4.6.1 Impact during Construction .................................................................................. 253 4.6.2 Impact during Operation ....................................................................................... 253 4.6.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 254
4.7 Health Environment ..................................................................................................... 255 4.7.1 Impact during Construction Phase ........................................................................ 255 4.7.2 Impact during Operational Phase .......................................................................... 255 4.7.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 255
4.8 Solid Waste and Hazardous waste Generation and Management for Disposal ........... 255 4.8.1 Impact due to construction phase .......................................................................... 255 4.8.2 Impact due to operation phase .............................................................................. 255
4.9 Evaluation of Impacts ................................................................................................... 257 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................ 265
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 265 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ................................................................................................... 269
6.1 Risk and Hazard Mapping ............................................................................................ 269 6.1.1 Risk Assessment Need and Importance ................................................................ 269 6.1.2 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA) ............................................... 270 6.1.3 Identification of types of Hazards in Sugar, Distillery & Co-Generation Plant
(HAZID) ........................................................................................................................ 270 6.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. 271 6.1.5 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire .......................................................................... 273 6.1.6 Environment Health and Safety Cell .................................................................... 274 6.1.7 Emergency Planning & Procedure ........................................................................ 275 6.1.8 Safety Policy and Regulations .............................................................................. 278 6.1.9 Scope of Work ...................................................................................................... 280 6.1.10 Inventory of Hazardous Material ........................................................................ 281
6.2 Hazard Identification and Visualization of MCA Scenarios ........................................ 281 6.2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 281 6.2.2 Hazard potential: Deciding factor ......................................................................... 282 6.2.3 Identification of Hazards ....................................................................................... 282 6.2.4 Physico – Chemical Properties of Alcohol /ENA/RS/AA .................................... 283 6.2.5 Applicable MSIHC Rules 2000 ............................................................................ 284 6.2.6 Fire Explosion Index (FEI) Analysis .................................................................... 286 6.2.7 Visualization of MCA Scenarios .......................................................................... 287 6.2.8 Models for determining the source strength for the release of hazardous substances
........................................................................................................................................ 291 6.2.9 Model for Evaporation .......................................................................................... 292 6.2.10 Model for Dispersion .......................................................................................... 292 6.2.11 Model for Heat Load and Shock Waves ............................................................. 292 6.2.12 Vulnerability Model ............................................................................................ 293 6.2.13 Impact of Overpressure ....................................................................................... 295 6.2.14 Result of Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCA) .................................. 296 6.2.15 Spilled Product Fire Scenario ............................................................................. 296 6.2.16 Pool Fire Scenario ............................................................................................... 297 6.2.17 Vapour Cloud Explosion Scenario ...................................................................... 301 6.2.18 Design and Installation of Fire fighting: Measures suggested ............................ 302
6.3 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................... 303 6.3.1 Safety and Fire Fighting ascribes .......................................................................... 303 6.3.2 Risk Classification Screening Table for Boiler and Turbine ................................ 304
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6.3.3 Standard Safety Features ....................................................................................... 306 6.4 Disaster Management Plan ........................................................................................... 306
6.4.1 Proposed On–Site Emergency Plan ...................................................................... 307 6.4.2 Disaster control Management system ................................................................... 307 6.4.3 Onsite Disaster Management - Disaster Control Management System ................ 309 6.4.4 Off-Site Emergency Planning ............................................................................... 315 6.4.5 Occupational Health Surveillance ......................................................................... 318 6.4.6 Summary of Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems ......... 320
6.5 Environmental Public Hearing ..................................................................................... 326 6.5.1 Compliance to the points raised in the Public hearing .......................................... 338
PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................ 346 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................ 347
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 347 8.1.1 Environmental Management Cell ......................................................................... 362 8.1.2 Guidelines for plantation ....................................................................................... 365
8.2 Cost of Estimates for implementation of EMP ............................................................ 369 8.2.1 Environmental management cost already incurred ............................................... 369 8.2.2 Environmental management cost for the expansion ............................................. 369
8.3 Conservation of Air, Water and Energy recovery ........................................................ 370 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 373 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED WITH RESPECT THE PROJECT
................................................................................................................................................ 374 10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 374 10.2 Quality Policy ............................................................................................................. 374 10.3 Services Offered ......................................................................................................... 374 10.4 Completed Projects .................................................................................................... 374 10.5 Accreditations for Environmental Consultancy Services ........................................... 375
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY.............................................. 377 REFERENCE ....................................................................................................................... 381
LIST OF TABLE
Table ES.1 Salient features of the proposed Project .................................................................. 1 Table ES.2 Raw Material Statement - Sugar unit ...................................................................... 2 Table ES.3 Raw material requirement - Cogeneration .............................................................. 3 Table ES.4 Raw material requirement – Distillery .................................................................... 3 Table ES.5 Raw material for Incineration Boiler ...................................................................... 3 Table ES.6 Proposed Product Mix ............................................................................................. 6 Table ES.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase ..................... 11 Table ES.8 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters during operation phase ...... 12 Table ES.9 EMP during operational phase of the project ........................................................ 14 Table 1.1 Management Setup .................................................................................................. 20 Table 2.1 Land Requirement .................................................................................................... 24 Table 2.2 Location features of the proposed project site (10 km radius) ................................ 25 Table 2.3 Salient features of the proposed project ................................................................... 34 Table 2.4 Details of other sugar industries nearby .................................................................. 37 Table 2.5 Varities of Sugar Cane ............................................................................................. 37 Table 2.6 Sugarcane availability in talukas around project ..................................................... 38 Table 2.7 Crushing report of nearby industries ....................................................................... 38
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 2.8 Sugar Cane availability in and around Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi District ............. 39 Table 2.9 Cane Availability in and around Bailhongal Taluk, Belagavi District .................... 39 Table 2.10 List of Raw Materials - Sugar Plant ....................................................................... 42 Table 2.11 Fuel for Cogeneration ............................................................................................ 43 Table 2.12 Raw material requirement – Distillery ................................................................... 43 Table 2.13 Fuel for Incineration boiler .................................................................................... 44 Table 2.14 Resource Requirement during Season ................................................................... 44 Table 2.15 Water requirement for distillery ............................................................................ 47 Table 2.16 Technical features of the plant - List of Equipments and Machinery .................... 49 Table 2.17 Proposed Plant and Machinery at cogen unit ......................................................... 50 Table 2.18 List of machinery to be installed at Distillery unit ................................................ 52 Table 2.19 Description of spent wash boiler ........................................................................... 55 Table 2.20 Proposed Product details ........................................................................................ 57 Table 2.21 Indian Standard Requirements for Different Kinds of Sugar ................................ 62 Table 2.22 Bagasse Balance .................................................................................................... 65 Table 2.23 Details of Boiler ..................................................................................................... 67 Table 2.24 Working details of Boiler ...................................................................................... 67 Table 2.25 Technical features of the plant - Sugar and Cogen ................................................ 68 Table 2.26 Characteristics of Yeast sludge .............................................................................. 71 Table 2.27 Synopsis of fuel ethanol plant operation ................................................................ 74 Table 2.28 Ethanol plant performance parameters .................................................................. 74 Table 2.29 Superfine Extra Neutral Alcohol Specifications .................................................... 75 Table 2.30 Absolute Alcohol (Ethanol) Specification ............................................................. 75 Table 2.31 Impure Spirit .......................................................................................................... 76 Table 2.32 Characteristics of Spent wash ................................................................................ 79 Table 2.33 The proposed 22 TPH Boiler features ................................................................... 80 Table 2.34 Technical parameters considered for design .......................................................... 81 Table 2.35 Turbine design parameters ..................................................................................... 81 Table 2.36 Characteristics of incineration boiler ash ............................................................... 82 Table 3.1 Baseline Environmental Data collection .................................................................. 85 Table 3.2 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring ........................................ 86 Table 3.3 Details of the land use of study area ........................................................................ 89 Table 3.4 Details of soil sampling locations ............................................................................ 93 Table 3.5 Soil Quality Analysis ............................................................................................... 94 Table 3.6 Organic carbon percent in soil samples ................................................................... 96 Table 3.7 Rating Chart for Soil Test values and their Nutrient Indices ................................... 98 Table 3.8 Meteorological data from 1995 - 2013 .................................................................. 100 Table 3.9 Meteorological data of Belagavi District, 2014 ..................................................... 100 Table 3.10 Meteorological data collected at site ................................................................... 102 Table 3.11 Details of AAQM parameters with analysis methodology .................................. 104 Table 3.12 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations .......................................... 106 Table 3.13 Ambient Air Quality Status (October 2017 to Dec 2017) ................................... 108 Table 3.14 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ....................................... 112 Table 3.15 Air quality Index .................................................................................................. 113 Table 3.16 Road Geometric Scenario .................................................................................... 116 Table 3.17 Speed spectrum for the study road (kmph) .......................................................... 118 Table 3.18 Real time traffic scenario along SH-30 (2 lanes undivided) ................................ 118 Table 3.19 Source of Raw material (Sugar Cane) & its Transportation ................................ 121 Table 3.20 Sugar Plant and Cogeneration Plant .................................................................... 122
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 3.21 Sugar Plant, Cogeneration Plant and Distillery ................................................... 122 Table 3.22 Products Transportation ....................................................................................... 122 Table 3.23 Total traffic generated .......................................................................................... 123 Table 3.24 Modified V/C and LOS after adding generated traffic to existing traffic ........... 123 Table 3.25 Projected traffic for next three years based on individual vehicular growth as per
IRC: 37-2001(Exponential Growth is considered) ................................................................ 124 Table 3.26 Modified V/C and LOS after adding the generated traffic .................................. 124 Table 3.27 Consolidated V/C and level of Service for changed scenarios ............................ 124 Table 3.28 Details of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Stations ......................................... 126 Table 3.29 Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results ........................................................... 128 Table 3.30 Observations on Water source & Sanitation Status in the Study Area ................ 130 Table 3.31 Details of Water Quality Sampling Stations ........................................................ 132 Table 3.32 Field observations during sampling ..................................................................... 134 Table 3.33 Results of Ground Water Quality ........................................................................ 136 Table 3.34 Results of Surface Water Quality ........................................................................ 137 Table 3.35 Details of Water level monitoring from the existing bore wells (Deep Aquifers) in
study area ............................................................................................................................... 146 Table.3.36 Details of Water Quality monitoring from the existing bore wells (Deep Aquifers)
in the study area ..................................................................................................................... 150 Table. 3.37 NHS data at Mamadapura, Saundatti Taluk ....................................................... 153 Table. 3.38 NHS data at Munavalli, Saundatti Taluk ............................................................ 154 Table 3.39 NHS data at Saundatti, Saundatti Taluk .............................................................. 155 Table 3.40 NHS data at Sapola, Saundatti Taluk ................................................................... 156 Table 3.41 Details of sampling locations ............................................................................... 163 Table 3.42 Diversity of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded at the project site. .................. 165 Table 3.43 Checklist of trees saplings planted/procured as a part of Green Belt Development
Plan. ....................................................................................................................................... 168 Table 3.44 Checklist of shrub saplings planted/procured as a part of Green Belt Development
Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 169 Table 3.45 Checklist of tree species recorded in the study area with their IUCN/RET status
and uses .................................................................................................................................. 171 Table 3.46 Phyto-sociological parameters of Trees in study area ......................................... 171 Table 3.47 Girth class distribution of trees in the study area ................................................. 172 Table 3.48 Diversity of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded in the study area. ................... 173 Table 3.49 List of birds recorded at the project site .............................................................. 179 Table 3.50 List of butterflies recorded at the project site ...................................................... 180 Table 3.51 List of birds recorded in the study area ................................................................ 181 Table 3.52 List of butterflies recorded in the study area ....................................................... 185 Table 3.53 List of reptiles and mammals recorded in the study area .................................... 187 Table 3.54 Villages in the Project Influence area (PIA) of 10 km radius .............................. 191 Table 3.55 Area and Households in project Influence villages ............................................. 191 Table 3.56 Population and sex ratio ....................................................................................... 192 Table 3.57 Population and sex ratio of under 6year children ................................................ 193 Table 3.58 SC/ST population ................................................................................................. 193 Table 3.59 Literacy status of PIA villages ............................................................................. 195 Table 3.60 Total illiterates in PIA villages ............................................................................ 195 Table 3.61 Educational facilities in PIA villages ................................................................... 196 Table 3.62 Work participation rate in the PIA villages ......................................................... 197 Table 3.63 Work participation of male and female ............................................................... 198
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Table 3.64 Occupational categories among main workers .................................................... 199 Table 3.65 Occupational categories of marginal workers in PIA villages ............................ 200 Table 3.66 Non workers in PIA villages ................................................................................ 201 Table 3.67 Health infrastructure available in PIA villages .................................................... 202 Table 3.68 Water supply and sanitation coverage in the Taluk ............................................. 203 Table 3.69 List of temples in PIA villages ............................................................................ 204 Table 4.1 Boiler Details ......................................................................................................... 210 Table 4.2 Chimney height calculation ................................................................................... 210 Table 4.3 Typical characteristics of bagasse .......................................................................... 211 Table 4.4 Typical characteristics of spent wash concentrate ................................................. 211 Table 4.5 Model Input ............................................................................................................ 212 Table 4.6 Values of PM without mitigation measures ........................................................... 216 Table 4.7 Air quality Index for predicted air quality after expansion- without Mitigation
Measures ................................................................................................................................ 217 Table 4.8 Technical Specification of Electrostatic Precipitator ............................................. 218 Table 4.9 Values for PM with mitigation measures .............................................................. 222 Table 4.10 Air quality Index for the predicted air quality after expansion - with Mitigation
Measures ................................................................................................................................ 223 Table 4.11 List of villages in the impact zone ....................................................................... 223 Table 4.12 Fugitive Emissions control strategy ..................................................................... 224 Table 4.13 Comparison between normal clay bricks and bagasse flyash bricks ................... 225 Table 4.14 Emission from vehicles from the project, g/km ................................................... 227 Table 4.15 Results of Noise prediction model ....................................................................... 230 Table 4.16 Water Conservation Proposal Techniques Considered in the Complex .............. 235 Table 4.17 Characteristics of Raw and Treated Effluent ....................................................... 236 Table 4.18 Details of Trees with >77 cm girth size in the study area.................................... 251 Table 4.19 Ecological index of the study area ....................................................................... 252 Table 4.20 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management details ................................................ 256 Table 4.21 Criteria for evaluation of impacts ........................................................................ 257 Table 4.22 Impact Identification Matrix ................................................................................ 258 Table 4.23 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Construction Activities ............ 259 Table 4.24 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Operational Phase .................... 262 Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase ..................... 266 Table 5.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters during operation phase ....... 267 Table 6.1 Possible Hazardous Locations onsite ..................................................................... 270 Table 6.2 Emergency Team Chart ......................................................................................... 276 Table 6.3 Emergency Task Force Table ................................................................................ 276 Table 6.4 Hazardous material storage Inventory ................................................................... 278 Table 6.5 Maximum Inventories of Harsha Sugar Plant Products (with Flash Points) ......... 281 Table 6.6 Hazardous Properties of Alcohol ........................................................................... 283 Table 6.7 Flammability Classification Criteria ...................................................................... 284 Table 6.8 Applicability of MSIHC Rules .............................................................................. 284 Table 6.9 Fire & Explosion Index & Category ...................................................................... 286 Table 6.10 Fire Explosion Index for Storage Units ............................................................... 287 Table 6.11 Short Listing of MCA Scenarios for Hazardous material .................................... 288 Table 6.12 Mathematical and Analytical Model for Hazard Analysis .................................. 290 Table 6.14 Damages Envisaged at Various Heat Loads ........................................................ 294 Table 6.15 Relationship between exposure time and heat flux ............................................. 295 Table 6.16 Physiological effect of Threshold Thermal Dose: ............................................... 295
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 6.17 Damage Effects of Blast Overpressure ................................................................ 296 Table 6.18 Damage Criteria for Pool Flare/Jet Fire ............................................................... 296 Table 6.19 Damage Distances Due to Spilled Product Fire Scenario for considered Areas . 297 Table 6.20 Results of Pool Fire Scenario for all Dyke walls ................................................. 297 Table 6.21 Damage Distances Due to Tank on Fire Scenario ............................................... 298 Table 6.22 Risk Classification Screening Table for Boiler and Turbine ............................... 304 Table 6.23 Risk Classification with respect to Above Reference .......................................... 305 Table 6.24 List of Key Persons at Factory ............................................................................. 308 Table 6.25 Disaster Control Management System ................................................................ 308 Table 6.26 Summary of Recommended Personal Protective Equipment According to hazard
onsite ...................................................................................................................................... 313 Table 6.27 Local statutory Government bodies ..................................................................... 315 Table 6.28 Health Evaluation schedule ................................................................................. 319 Table 6.29 Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems ............................. 320 Table 8.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Construction Phase .................. 348 Table 8.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during operation phase ........................ 353 Table 8.3 Waste Minimization and Management Disposal Considered in the Complex ...... 363 Table 8.4 Details of Green belt development plan ................................................................ 367 Table 8.5 Time frame for Green belt development ................................................................ 367 Table 8.6 List of tree species recommended for Greenbelt Development ............................. 368 Table 8.7 Cost estimates for implementation of Environmental Management Plan ............. 369 Table 8.8 Compliance to the CREP guidelines- Sugar industry ............................................ 370 Table 8.9 Compliance to the CREP guidelines - Distillery ................................................... 371 Table 8.10 Compliance to MoEF&CC notification, 14-01-2016 .......................................... 372 Table 11.1 Composition of Environment Management Cell (EMC) ..................................... 377 Table 11.2 CSR- Budget estimates ........................................................................................ 379 Table 11.3 Budgetary allocation for the proposed CSR activities ......................................... 379
List of Figures
Fig ES.1 Process flow diagram - Sugar section ......................................................................... 4 Fig ES.2 Process flow diagram - Cogeneration section ............................................................. 5 Fig ES 3 Process flow diagram- Distillery section .................................................................... 5 Fig 2.1 Location of the Proposed Project ................................................................................. 26 Fig 2.2 Toposheet with 10 Km radius demarcation showing location of the proposed project
site (Topo sheets No: 48 M/1, 48 M/2, 48 I/13, 48 I/14 Scale: 1:50,000) ............................... 27 Fig 2.3 Project Site Photographs .............................................................................................. 29 Fig 2.4 Site Surroundings Photographs ................................................................................... 30 Fig 2.5 Aerial View of the proposed project site showing salient features ............................. 31 Fig 2.6 Aerial view of the Project Site showing 10 Kms radius demarcation ......................... 32 Fig 2.7 Map of Saundatti Taluk with locations of existing sugar/ distillery industry ............. 33 Fig 2.8 Plant layout of Harsha Sugars Ltd ............................................................................... 35 Fig 2.9 Plant Layout for distillery ............................................................................................ 36 Fig 2.10 Water balance chart- During season .......................................................................... 46 Fig 2.11 Water balance chart- During off-season (all values are in KLD) .............................. 46 Fig 2.12 Water balance chart- Distillery .................................................................................. 48 Fig 2.13 Schematic diagram of Integrated Sugar complex ...................................................... 63 Fig 2.14 Process Flow diagram of cogeneration ...................................................................... 66 Fig 2.15 Schematic diagram of Cogeneration process ............................................................. 67
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 2.16 Mass balance for 7500 TCD sugar unit and 30 MW/Hr cogeneration unit ............... 69 Fig 2.17 Process flow diagram - Distillery section .................................................................. 77 Fig 2.18 Process flow diagram - Distillery section .................................................................. 78 Fig 2.19 Material Balance- Distillery section .......................................................................... 79 Fig 2.20 Typical Boiler Schematic .......................................................................................... 81 Fig 2.21 Material balance and flow chart of working of Incineration boiler for the generation
of power ................................................................................................................................... 82 Fig 3.1 Route map of the project site ....................................................................................... 84 Fig 3.2 Satellite imagery map of the study area (10Km radius) .............................................. 90 Fig 3.3 Land use map of the study area (10Km radius) ........................................................... 91 Fig 3.4 Photographs showing Soil sampling in the study area ................................................ 92 Fig 3.5 Location of Soil Sampling Stations ............................................................................. 93 Fig 3.6 pH in soil samples ....................................................................................................... 95 Fig 3.7 EC in soil samples ....................................................................................................... 95 Fig 3.8 Organic Carbon in soil samples ................................................................................... 96 Fig 3.9 Available Nitrogen in soil samples .............................................................................. 98 Fig 3.10 Photograph showing Installed Micro Meteorological Station at site ...................... 102 Fig 3.11 Wind rose Diagram for the Period Oct 2017 - Dec 2017 ........................................ 103 Fig 3.12 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ........................................... 105 Fig 3.13 Photographs showing ambient air quality monitoring (RDS, PM2.5 sampler and
gaseous samplers) at the study area ....................................................................................... 106 Fig 3.14 Flow Chart showing AAQM Methodology ............................................................. 107 Fig 3.15 Google map showing the site connectivity .............................................................. 115 Fig 3.16 Route map showing the connectivity of roads to the site ........................................ 116 Fig 3.17 Photos showing the traffic and existing road scenario ............................................ 117 Fig 3.18 Existing Road Geometry Scenario .......................................................................... 117 Fig 3.19 Vehicle composition along SH-30 ........................................................................... 119 Fig 3.20 Traffic flow distribution along SH30 ...................................................................... 119 Fig 3.22 T-junction of Proposed Approach Road and SH-30 ................................................ 125 Fig 3.23 Location of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Stations .......................................... 127 Fig 3.24 View of Noise Monitoring ....................................................................................... 127 Fig 3.25 Photos of water samples .......................................................................................... 131 Fig 3.26 Location of Water Quality Sampling Stations ......................................................... 133 Fig 3.27 Water Sampling Photographs .................................................................................. 134 Fig 3.28 Drainage map of study area (10 Km radius) ............................................................ 143 Fig 3.29 Geological map of study area (10 Km radius) ......................................................... 144 Fig 3.30 Depth to water level map of the study area (10 Km radius) .................................... 147 Fig 3.31 Water table elevation map of the study area (10 Km radius) .................................. 148 Fig 3.32 Electrical Conductivity distribution in the study area (10 Km radius) .................... 151 Fig 3.33 Chloride distribution in the study area (10 Km radius) ........................................... 152 Fig 3.34 Hydrograph at Mamadapur, Saundatti taluk ............................................................ 157 Fig 3.35 Hydrograph at Munavalli, Saundatti taluk .............................................................. 157 Fig 3.36 Hydrograph at Saundatti, Saundatti taluk ................................................................ 158 Fig 3.37 Hydrograph at Sapola, Saundatti taluk .................................................................... 158 Fig 3.38 View of Malaprabha River ...................................................................................... 160 Fig 3.39 View of Yellamma gudda ........................................................................................ 161 Fig 3.40 Study area map showing sampling locations ........................................................... 163 Fig 3.42 Greenery development photographs ........................................................................ 170 Fig 3.47 Birds recorded at the project site ............................................................................. 180
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 3.48 Birds recorded in the study area .............................................................................. 185 Fig 3.49 Butterflies recorded in the study area ...................................................................... 186 Fig 3.50 Field visit Photographs ............................................................................................ 189 Fig 3.51 Area and households in the Project Influenced Areas ............................................. 192 Fig 3.52 SC and ST population .............................................................................................. 194 Fig 3.53 Literates and Illiterate Male and Female in PIA villages ........................................ 196 Fig 3.54 Work participation rates and status of main and marginal workers ........................ 197 Fig 3.55 Gender work participation ....................................................................................... 198 Fig 3.56 Occupational categories- main workers .................................................................. 199 Fig 3.57 Occupational categories of marginal workers in PIA villages ................................ 200 Fig 3.59 Non workers and male-female representation ......................................................... 202 Fig 3.60 Photographs of community interactions .................................................................. 206 Fig 4.1 Isopleths drawn for PM without mitigation measures ............................................... 213 Fig 4.2 Isopleths drawn for SO2 without mitigation measures .............................................. 214 Fig 4.3 Isopleths drawn for NO2 without mitigation measures ............................................. 215 Fig 4.4 Isopleths drawn for PM with mitigation measures .................................................... 219 Fig 4.5 Isopleths drawn for SO2 with mitigation measures.................................................... 220 Fig 4.6 Isopleths drawn for NO2 with mitigation measures................................................... 221 Fig 4.7 Photos of existing air pollution management ............................................................ 225 Fig 4.8 Predicted Concentration of Carbon Monoxide due to movement of vehicles ........... 227 Fig 4.9 Photos showing parking area and internal roads ....................................................... 228 Fig 4.10 Isopleths drawn using dhwaniPRO software ........................................................... 230 Fig 4.11 Sequential Mechanism of Anaerobic Waste Treatment .......................................... 239 Fig 4.12 Process Flow Diagrams CPU .................................................................................. 242 Fig 4.13 Flat roof for roof-top rain water harvesting ............................................................. 243 Fig 4.14 Typical Recharge Pit Model .................................................................................... 243 Fig 4.15 Diversion of storm-water to recharge pit ................................................................. 244 Fig 4.16 Desilting chamber to trap silt from the storm water ................................................ 244 Fig 4.17 Recharge Pit - A schematic diagram ..................................................................... 245 Fig 4.18 Recharge Shaft for recharging deeper aquifer - schematic diagram ....................... 245 Fig 4.19 A typical Recharge Trench ...................................................................................... 246 Fig 4.20 A typical Recharge cum Storage Pond – Model ...................................................... 247 Fig 4.21 Schematic diagram showing carbon sequestration trends in the study area ............ 249 Fig 6.1 Safety organizational cell .......................................................................................... 275 Fig 6.2 Event Tree Analysis for Atmospheric Storage of Flammable Liquids ..................... 289 Fig 6.3 Fault Tree Analysis for Top Event of Pool Fire Scenario ......................................... 289 Fig 6.4 Schematic of a Flare/Jet Fire ..................................................................................... 299 Fig 6.5 Schematic of a Pool Fire/Spilled Fire ........................................................................ 299 Fig 6.6 Symbolic representation of pool fire and radiation effect from source at centre
(pool/spill) .............................................................................................................................. 300 Fig 6.7 Onsite Disaster Management - Disaster Control Management System (Block
Diagram) ................................................................................................................................ 309 Fig 6.8 Various Organization Involved During Emergency (Block Diagram) ...................... 316 Fig 8.1 Environmental Management Cell .............................................................................. 362
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure 1 Consent for establishment (CFE) & Consent for operation (CFO) copy
Annexure 2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring date wise data
Annexure 3 Greenbelt development plan
Annexure 4 Plant Layout of Sugar complex
Annexure 5 SE report enclosures
Annexure 6 Proceedings with Attendance list of EPH & Representations for EPH
Annexure 7 Letter received from KNNL (Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Ltd.,
Government of Karnataka
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
M/s Harsha Sugars Limited was incorporated on 8th
August 2014 as a Private Limited
company and on 30th
December 2014 converted as Public Limited Company. Now, the
management has decided to expand its production from the present 4,500 TCD to 7,500 TCD
sugarcane crushing unit, Cogeneration Unit from 14MW/Hr to 30MW/Hr and establishment
of 60 KLPD distillery along with installation of 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Sy
No411/1, 411/2, 413/1, 412, 411/3 Saundatti Village, Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi Dist,
Karnataka. Currently, 51.3 acres of land is in the name of M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd. Total
capital investment on the industry is Rs 307.32 Crores (Out of which, Rs. 62.32 Crores is
reserved for expansion).
1.2 About Promoters of M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd and Promoters
Profile
1. Smt. Laxmi R Hebbalkar, Chairperson and Managing Director
Smt. Laxmi R Hebbalkar is the key person who is instrumental in conceptualization of the
proposed project. She is young energetic entrepreneur. She has completed her M.A (Political
Science) in 2002 from Mysore University and thereafter she has actively involved in the
developmental politics. She is also Director in Bhagyalaxmi Sugars Ltd.,
2. Mr. Channaraj B Hattiholi, Executive Director
Mr. Channaraj B Hattiholi stake holder in the project and he is the key person who is also
instrumental in conceptualisation of the proposed project, is young energetic entrepreneur. He
has completed his BE, Marine Engineering from BIT Ranchi University and worked as
Second Engineer in MNC K- Line shipping Company and have experience in handling
Boilers, compressors, draft fans, diesel engines. Being engineer by profession, he has sound
technical background and his services will be highly useful to the company. He is regularly
engaged in interaction with technical and industrial experts to arrive at project technology
specification.
1.2.1 Organizational Structure
The company's activities are managed by dedicated 'Board of Directors'. The board proposes
to appoint technical persons with hands-on experience in respective fields. The board is
responsible for policy decision, direction and corporate governance. The chairperson and
Directors monitoring day to day functioning of the company and they will be supported by
General Manager. Company's activities are divided into various line functions and back
office functions.
1
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
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Table 1.1 Management Setup
Sl. No. Name Designation
1 Smt. Laxmi R Hebbalkar Chairperson and Managing Director
2 Shri. Channaraj B Hattiholi Executive Director
3 Shri. Mrinal R Hebbalkar Director
4 Mr. Sadashiv Thorat GM-Process
1.3 Purpose of the Report
In order to assess potential environmental impacts arising due to the proposed expansion of
Sugar Plant from 4,500 TCD to 7,500 TCD; Co-generation plant from 14 MW/Hr to 30
MW/Hr and establishment of 60 KLPD distillery and installation of incineration boiler for the generation of 3 MW/Hr, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been
carried out for the study area of 10 Kms radius around the project site, incorporating baseline
data for various environmental components, viz. air, water, noise, soil, land, socio-economic
and biological environment along with the parameters of human interest and to prepare
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts along with
delineation of post project environmental monitoring programme. The report presents
baseline data collected during Post-monsoon Season (Oct 2017 to Dec 2017); identification,
prediction and evaluation of impacts and delineation of environmental management plan for
mitigation of adverse impacts due to the proposed expansion project including Environmental
Monitoring Programme & Budgetary provisions of the same to make project Eco-friendly.
1.4 Need of the project
Sugar cane is one of the important cash crops of India. The industries based on sugarcane and
its allied by-products help farmers and provide employment to the rural people. Bagasse,
molasses and press mud are the by-products of sugar industry. These products once thought
to be waste are now being used as raw material in the production of valuable products such as
alcohol, bio-manure and allied products. The sugar is also food commodity required to be
distributed to local marketing and also has a potential to earn foreign exchange by the export.
The demand of electrical power has been ever increasing at a faster pace after country's
economic development pace speeded up. The effective generation of power has not been
meeting the demand and the same trend is expected to continue, especially during the peak
hours and summer seasons. Hence there is a good scope for exporting power to the grid
through power traders.
Indian sugar industry is the country's second largest agro processing industry with a
production capacity of over 27 million ton of white crystal sugar annually. Majority of the
farmers in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka are dependent on sugarcane cultivation
and sugar industry. Due to increasing irrigation facilities, easy accessibility to modern
technology in cultivation and weather forecasting there exist unlimited potential for
increasing production as the area under sugar cultivation is only 3 % of the total cultivable
area in the country contributing above 7.5 % of the gross values of agricultural production in
the country. Above 50 million farmers depend on sugar cane cultivation for their livelihood
and equal number of agricultural labourers earns their living by working in sugar cane farms.
India requires alcohol for the following three major purposes:
For potable liquor
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
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For industrial use
For fuel blending
Thus, alcohol produced from one source i.e., molasses is used for all 3 purposes. There is an
urgent need to bring in above quality consciousness in the industry and appropriate policy
measures by the Government. Indian distillery industry broadly consists of two parts:
Production of alcohol from molasses for industrial alcohol
Production of alcohol from molasses for liquor purposes.
Ethanol demand for fuel blending is a recent phenomenon. For this purpose, alcohol from
molasses is used. The potable distillery producing Indian made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) has
steady but limited demand. The alcohol produced is now being utilised in the ratio of
approximately 52 % for potable purpose and the balance 48 % for industrial purpose.
Apart from the above, direct employment of 100-110 nos and indirect employment of 200
no’s anticipated. Management will support local administration and assist in the development
of public amenities. Greenbelt of 17 acres will create healthy environment.
1.5 Scope of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)
The study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10
Kms radius. Under the scope of EIA, it is envisaged:
To assess the present status of air, noise, water, soil/land, biological and socio-
economic components of the environment.
To identify, predict and evaluate various significant impacts that will arise due to the
project development on various environmental components during construction stage
and operational stage.
To propose pollution control measures/mitigations and delineate detailed
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) also outlining additional control measures to
be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts.
To delineate post-project Environmental Monitoring Programme to be pursued by M/s
Harsha Sugars Ltd., as part of compliance monitoring during the construction and
operational stage of the project including submission of six monthly compliance
reports to various departments as stipulated in the Environmental Clearance
conditions.
1.6 Applicable Environmental Regulations and Standards
With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and
Rules govern the proposed project:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and its subsequent
amendments.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and its subsequent amendments
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection)
rules, 1986 and amendments thereafter.
Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2016, and its subsequent
amendments.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
22
The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its subsequent
amendments.
Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards as per the MoEF Notification dated
16th
November, 2009.
Factories Act, 1948.
The Generic structure given in EIA notification dated 14th
September, 2006 is maintained.
Since, it is an expansion of existing project, Chapter 5 is omitted which describes analysis of
alternatives (Technology and Site). As in the present project, conventional sugar
manufacturing which is well proven technology over a few decades all over the world is
being followed, alternative technology is not suggested and also analysis of alternative site is
not applicable. Similarly, Chapter 9 is also omitted as it is not recommended in the scoping
stage.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 23
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of the project
M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd is planning to expand sugar cane crushing unit from 4500 TCD to
7500 TCD, Co-generation unit from 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr and establishment of 60 KLPD
distillery and 3 MW/Hr power by the installation of incineration boiler at Sy Nos 411/1,
411/2,413/1, 412, 411/3 of Saundatti village, Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi District, Karnataka.
According to EIA Notification dated 14th
September 2006, the Project falls under Category
“A” schedule 5(j), 5 (g) and 1(d). Therefore, it is necessary for M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd to
obtain Environmental Clearance from MoEF&CC, New Delhi. Based on the appraisal of the
draft TORs during EAC meeting held on 15-06-2017, TOR for the project from MoEF was
accorded on 19-07-2017. TORs awarded for the project is enclosed in the beginning of this
report.
2.2 Criteria for site selection
This location was ideal because of the following reasons:
Raw material availability at competitive price around the project. The area is amongst
the sugar cane rich belt and the farmers have intensive experience in sugar cane
cultivation. The cane availability and potential in the command area is excellent and
will ensure sustained cane availability.
The project site is located along SH-30 of RoW 15m which connects to Karkatti /
Belagavi on one side and to Saundatti on another side and SH 30 is of 2 lanes with
undivided traffic flow.
Availability of sufficient land to cater to all needs of Sugar Complex.
Availability of skilled man power.
Availability of power near to site.
Availability of perennial water source.
2.2.1 Project Site Description
The industry is located at Sy No 411/1, 411/2,
413/1, 412, 411/3 Saundatti Village, Saundatti
Taluk, Belagavi Dist, along SH-30 at GPS
location of 15 0 42' 58.43" N : 75
0 03' 37.96" E
spread over an area of 51.3 Acres. The site is
surrounded by Agricultural land growing
wheat, bajra, and groundnut. The industry is
located at an RL of 656 m amsl. Renuka Sagar
Reservoir located at a distance of 5 Km in
Northern direction and Malaprabha River
2
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 24
located at a distance of 12.2 Km in NW direction. Karikatti Village is the nearest village
situated at a distance of 3.4 Km in NW direction from the industry. Yellamma gudda open
scrub forest is located at a distance of 7.09 Km in NE direction. Ancient Yellamma temple is
situated on the hillock which is at a distance of 10.2Km from industry. Black clay loam soil is
observed at the site. Ground water is available at a depth of 40 m to 60 m (bgl). Acacia
leucophloea, Azadirachta indica, Bixa orellana, Carica papaya, Dypsis lutescens, Ficus
benjamina, Grevillea robusta, Holoptelea integrifolia are the major plant species existing in
the study area. Facilities provided at site to the labours are described in the subsequent
sections.
Construction of 4500 TCD sugar cane crushing and 14 MW/Hr cogeneration unit is in
progress. The said capacity of installation does not attract the provisions of EIA Notification,
2006. However, Consent for Establishment (CFE) was obtained from KSPCB on 30-04-2015.
Copy of CFE is enclosed in Annexure-1. Based on the same, the construction works were
started in January 2016. Recently industry has obtained Consent for Operation (CFO) & copy
of the same is enclosed as annexure-1. Photographs showing the site and its surrounding are
presented in the subsequent sections. Total land required for the industry for various purposes
is detailed below;
Table 2.1 Land Requirement
Sl No Land Description Area (acres)
1 Factory
a Raw material storage yard 5
b Sugar Unit 10
c Distillery 7
d Power plant 7
e Admin, repair shop, lab 2
f Internal Road 2
2 Landscape, garden/greenbelt development 17
3 Officers and workers colony 1.3
Total 51.3
2.3 Road Connectivity
The Project is located along SH-30 of RoW 15m which connects to Karikatti/
Belagavi on one side and to Saundatti on another side. SH-30 is of 2 lanes with
undivided traffic flow.
The Entry/Exit of the project site is provided to SH-30 through an approach road
where there is no traffic at present. After commissioning of the project, the raw
materials carrying Trucks / tractors/ Bullock carts will move along the approach road.
The project can also be accessed from other places such as Kittore, Bailhongal,
Belagavi, Saundatti, Karikatti and other nearby places. However, the traffic from all
these locations will have to join to SH-30 to reach the plant.
The proposed approach road will form a T- junction with SH-30. This junction will
have to be designed in accordance with KSHIP / KRDCL based on IRC/ MORTH
specifications.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 25
2.4 Project site
Table 2.2 Location features of the proposed project site (10 km radius)
Sl.No Items Particulars
1 Project Sugar Complex
2 Total project area 51.3 Acres(Expansion will be within the premises)
3 Latitude : Longitude 15043’13.39 ” N :75
03’39.07 ” E
4 GPS readings of project
site boundary
15 0 43’ 19.25” N : 75
0 03’ 30.99 ” E
15 0 43’ 09.98” N : 75
0 03’ 29.91 ” E
15 0 42’ 58.59” N : 75
0 03’ 28.15 ” E
15 0 42’ 58.43” N : 75
0 03’ 37.96 ” E
15 0 43’ 05.13” N : 75
0 03’ 35.46 ” E
15 0 43’ 04.96” N : 75
0 03’ 46.65 ” E
15 0 43’ 10.46” N : 75
0 03’ 47.22 ” E
15 0 43’ 21.09” N : 75
0 03’ 53.56 ” E
5 Nearest Water Body Renuka Sagar Reservoir – 5Km (N)
6 Nearest river No, Malaprabha River –12.2Km (NW)
7 Nearest Reserved Forest Yellamma gudda open scrub forest- 7.09 Km (NE)
8 Nearest Village Karikatti village –3.4 Km (NW).
9 Nearest Town Saundatti Town- 6.25 Km (NE)
10 Nearest Defence
Installation
Nil
11 Nearest Highway State Highway 30 – 1.58Km (N)
12 Temp., Min and Max 13.9°C to 37.5°C
13 Annual Rainfall 769mm (average of 10 years)
14 Soil Type Black soil with clay loam texture
15 Topography Undulating terrain
16 Nearest religious place Yellamma Temple -10.2 kms (NE)
17 Nearest distilleries Nil in the study area of 10 Km radius. However Renuka
Sugars Ltd., Munoli, Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi having 120
KLPD distillery is located at 15.41Km.
18 Environmental Sensitive
receptor
Yellamma Temple -10.2 kms (NE), Saundatti town -6.25
kms (NE), Karikatti Village -3.4 kms (NW)
19 Archaeologically
important sites
Yellamma Temple -10.2 kms (NE)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 26
Fig 2.1 Location of the Proposed Project
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 27
Fig 2.2 Toposheet with 10 Km radius demarcation showing location of the proposed
project site (Topo sheets No: 48 M/1, 48 M/2, 48 I/13, 48 I/14 Scale: 1:50,000)
N
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 28
Photographs taken during study period (Oct to Dec, 2017)
Boiling House Chemical storage room
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 29
Mill house and Boilng House Mill house
Sugar Godown Cane unloading
Bagasse elevator Molasses tank
Photographs taken during August 2018
Fig 2.3 Project Site Photographs
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 30
Fig 2.4 Site Surroundings Photographs
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 31
Fig 2.5 Aerial View of the proposed project site showing salient features
N
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 32
Fig 2.6 Aerial view of the Project Site showing 10 Kms radius demarcation
N
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 33
Source: Atlas of Sugar mills, 2012
Fig 2.7 Map of Saundatti Taluk with locations of existing sugar/ distillery industry
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 34
2.5 Project Details
Table 2.3 Salient features of the proposed project
Sl. No Items Particulars
1 Objective of the Project Expansion of sugar cane crushing capacity from 4500 TCD to
7500 TCD, Co-generation unit from 14MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and establishment of 60 KLPD distillery along with the
installation of 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler.
2 Total capacity of the
industry after expansion
7500 TCD sugar unit,30 MW/Hr cogeneration, 3 MW/Hr
power from incineration boiler and 60 KLPD distillery
3 Promoters M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd
4 Total Investment, Rs 307.32Crores (Expansion : Rs.62.32 Crores)
5 Project location Sy No 411/1, 411/2, 413/1, 412, 411/3 Saundatti Village,
Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi Dist, Karnataka.
6 Latitude & Longitude 15°43'13.39"N: 75° 3'39.07"E
7 Extent of land 51.3 Acres (Expansion will be within the premises)
8 Co-ordinates of the
project site boundary 15
0 43' 19.25"N
75 0 03' 30.99"E
15 0 42' 58.59"N
75 0 03' 28.15"E
150 43' 05.13"N
75 0 03' 35.46"E
15 0 43' 04.96"N
75 0 03' 46.65"E
9 Category of Project 5 (g) Distillery, 5 (j) Sugar, 1(d) Thermal
10 Man Power 370 No's (100 no's for expansion)
11 Water demand and
Source
For Sugar and cogeneration unit:
During season: 388 KLD
During off season: 937 KLD
For Distillery: 480 KLD
Source: Malaprabha River
12 Power supply The total power required for the proposed project will be
500kwh – for construction phase from HESCOM
During Season:
Power Generation: 30 MW/Hr
Power Consumption at Co-Gen Unit: 3.0 MW/Hr (10% on
generation)
Power Consumption for Sugar Unit: 5.2 MW/Hr (24 units/Ton
of Cane)
Power Export :21.8MW/Hr
During Off - Season:
Power Generation: 30 MW/Hr
Power Consumption at Co-Gen Unit: 2.4 MW/Hr (8% on
generation)
Power Consumption for Sugar Unit: 0.5 MW/Hr
Power Export: 27.1 MW/Hr
Distillery unit
Power generation: 3 MW/Hr
Power consumption:1.3 MW/Hr
Power export: 1.7 MW/Hr
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 35
Sl. No Items Particulars
13 Number of working
days
Sugar unit: 180 days
Cogeneration:300 days
Distillery: 300 days
14 Project implementation
period
18 months after obtaining EC and CFE
Fig 2.8 Plant layout of Harsha Sugars Ltd
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 36
Fig 2.9 Plant Layout for distillery
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 37
2.6 Raw Materials - Sugar unit
2.6.1 General
There are two sugar industries with operation in near vicinity and one proposed sugar
industry in 30 Km from the project site. Following table details about the distance from the
nearby sugar industries to the project site.
Table 2.4 Details of other sugar industries nearby
Sl no Particulars Distance, Km
1 Someshwar Sahakari Sakkare Kharkhane Ltd.,
Siddasamudra,Bailhogal Taluk, Belagavi 15.35
2 Renuka Sugars Ltd., Munoli, Saudatti Taluk, Belagavi 15.41
3 Angadi Datta Sugars Pvt Ltd., Hoswal Village, Dharwad
Taluk and district (Proposed) 29.44
2.6.2 About project site Agro Climatic Conditions
2.6.2.1 Water
The water requirement for the proposed project will be drawn from nearby Malaprabha River
which is at 12.2Kmaway from the site. Application is already submitted to the Water
Resources Department (WRD), GoK seeking permission to lift the water from the river.
2.6.2.2 Soil quality analysis
The project site is located in the Northern Dry Zone. Red and black soils are found in
association in small patches in different lands of the surrounding areas and it accounts for 14-
16 % of cultivable area of the zone. The black soils share the majority of land by 60-70 %,
Clayey in texture and typically dark in colour. The physical conditions of these soils are
plastic and sticky and has a tendency to swell and shrink when subjected to wetting and
drying cycles. Soil samples of the study area have high organic carbon content due to the
optimum application of organic manure by farmers.
2.6.2.3 Cropping Pattern
Major crops grown in project area are Sugar Cane, Maize, Wheat, Sun-flower, Groundnut,
Jowar and soybean, which occupy 82 % of area under cultivation. Sugarcane crop alone
occupies about 51 % of area under cultivation. Malaprabha reservoir in the region serves
Irrigation & domestic needs of the region and is under the control of KNNL (Karnataka
Neeravari Nigam Limited, Govt of Karnataka). This shows how intensively sugarcane crop is
grown in area of operation. Sugarcane planting is done in months of October to March.
Farmers also plant crops, intercrops like Soybean and Vegetables like Cauliflower, Chillies,
and Onion are taken between 2 rows of sugarcane which gives maximum profit to growers,
some farmers also take wheat as intercrops like Soybean, and Vegetables like Cauliflower,
Chillies, and Onion are taken between 2 rows of sugarcane which gives maximum profit to
growers. The sugarcane varieties grown in the area are given in following table:
Table 2.5 Varities of Sugar Cane
Sl No Type of Varieties Name of the Varieties %
1 Early Maturing Co -671, Co-92020, Co-85002, Co-890247704 4.32
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 38
2 Mid Maturing Co-8014, Co-88028, Co-87025, Co-8371,
Co-86032, Co-89010
39.42
3 Late Maturing Co-740, Co-8011, Co-88121 56.26
From the above table it is observed that the percentage of Early, Mid Late and Late varieties
is 4 %, 39 %, and 56 % respectively. In order to get more average season recovery, the
percentage should be 33:33:34 respectively.
2.6.3 Sugarcane Availability
The standard of sugarcane cultivation of cane growers in nearby villages is very good.
The per Ha yield is estimated to be 125 MT.
No shortage of water was noticed because all the cane area is fully irrigated and
ground water table is good.
No major pests and diseases were noticed on cane crop.
In the cane area of 15 Km radius, fresh cane will be available for crushing leading to
less transportation costs and higher recovery.
The cane report prepared based on the inputs available from the survey of the local area of
the allocated cane area of the industry. The survey covered cane area of Saundatti Taluk and
Bailhongal Taluk of Belagavi District, which is within 30 Km radius from the industry site.
The major aspects of the field study cover the following:
The cropping pattern, cane varieties, cane economics and economics of the
competitive crops.
The existing and future sources of Irrigation.
Cane culture and orientation of farmers in surrounding areas.
Agro- climatic conditions.
Information in relation to existing nearby sugar factories in the taluk.
New sugar projects under implementation or those likely to come in the near future.
As per information collected from Joint Director of Agriculture, Belagavi District, Belagavi,
area under sugarcane in taluks around project is given below:
Table 2.6 Sugarcane availability in talukas around project
Sl No Taluk Sugarcane area, Ha
1 Saundatti 4016
2 Bailhongal 1893
Table 2.7 Crushing report of nearby industries
Sl No Particulars Crushing, MT
in 2013-14
Sugar
produced,
MT
Sugar
Recovery
(%)
1 Someshwar Sahakari Sakkare
Karkhane Ltd., Siddasamudra,
Bailhongal Taluk, Belagavi
208018.30 24155.20 11.61
2 Renuka Sugars Ltd., Munoli,
Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi 1229170 143580 11.64
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 39
There is no khandasari unit in the area and hence there is no possibility of diversion of cane.
Cane Availability in and around Saundatti Taluk& Bailahongal Taluk, Belagavi District,
Karnataka as per the certificate issued by Assistant Director of Agriculture, Saundatti vide
letter dated 16th
Feb 2015 is given below:
Table 2.8 Sugar Cane availability in and around Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi District
Sl
no Village
Sugar cane
area, Ha
Productivity
(T/Ha)
Total production
(T)
1 Asundi 515 125 64375
2 Mugali 245 125 30625
3 Shinarakoppa 815 125 101875
4 Sutagatti 180 125 22500
5 Alagi 420 125 52500
6 Hittanagi 228 125 28500
7 Govindakoppa K.Y 62 125 7750
8 Bamagundikoppa 65 125 8125
9 Gurla Hosur 285 125 35625
10 Naduvinahalli 188 125 23500
11 Kenchalarakoppa 110 125 13750
12 Saundatti 780 125 97500
13 Kadehalli 65 125 8125
14 Inamahongala 12 125 1500
15 Kencharamanahala 15 125 1875
16 Yadahalli 18 125 2250
17 Sangreshakoppa 13 125 1625
Total 4016 502000
Table 2.9 Cane Availability in and around Bailhongal Taluk, Belagavi District
Sl
no Village
Sugar cane
area, Ha
Productivity
(T/Ha)
Total production
(T)
1 Amatur 130 125 16250
2 Bevinakoppa 62 125 7750
3 Hiremulakur 10 125 1250
4 Chikkamulakur 22 125 2750
5 Devalapur 6 125 750
6 Garjur 95 125 11875
7 Holinagalapur 115 125 14375
8 Kadatanala 59 125 7375
9 Belwadi 133 125 16625
10 Siddasamudra 69 125 8625
11 Vakkunda 110 125 13750
12 Korikoppa 30 125 3750
13 Anigola 70 125 8750
14 Sangolli 70 125 8750
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 40
Sl
no Village
Sugar cane
area, Ha
Productivity
(T/Ha)
Total production
(T)
15 Govanakoppa 35 125 4375
16 Gudikatti 55 125 6875
17 Chikkabelikatti 12 125 1500
18 Dodavada 5 125 625
19 Nanagundikoppa 34 125 4250
20 Udikeri 195 125 24375
21 Budihala 60 125 7500
22 Mugabasava 72 125 9000
23 Bailavada 15 125 1875
24 Chivatagundi 12 125 1500
25 Yadala 8 125 1000
26 Sanikoppa 40 125 5000
27 Budrakatti 60 125 7500
28 Bidaragaddi 45 125 5625
29 Tu. Shigihalli 55 125 6875
30 Kadasagatti 30 125 3750
31 Hirebellikatti 30 125 3750
32 Pattihala (KB) 38 125 4750
33 Savatagi 23 125 2875
34 Kenanura 30 125 3750
35 Jalikoppa 18 125 2250
36 Aravalli 17 125 2125
37 Lingadalli 8 125 1000
38 Bailahongala 15 125 1875
Total 1893 236625
Considering sugar plant capacity of 7,500 TCD with 160-180 seasonal days, with maximum
90% capacity utilization, the sugar cane requirement would be1350000 T. However, the
sugarcane available in cane area as per certificate of Assistant Director of Agriculture will be
more then the company's requirement and therefore cane can be easily made available from
these cane areas. Further, the company will undertake cane development program to increase
the sugar cane cultivation area and its yield in the cane area of the industry.
2.6.4 Requirement of Cane Development Programmes
The plant will take up with the following cane developmental programmes.
2.6.4.1 Seed Nursery cum Demonstration Plots
It is very important to establish seed nurseries cum demonstration plots of about 30 hectares
near plant site on lease or purchase from cane growers. This area will have an Irrigation
facility and utilisation of treated wastewater will also be carried out. The main objectives of
this nursery cum demonstration plots will be as follows:
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 41
2.6.4.2 Supply of Seed
The success of the industry depends on the quality of supply of raw material i.e. fresh
sugarcane in sufficient quantities. It is being observed by the DPR consultants that only 2
cane varieties are grown by the growers i.e. Co-671 an early variety and Co-740 a main
season late variety. For getting good recovery, the mill has to plant early Mid and Late
maturing varieties in the nursery and supply them to progressive cane growers for further
multiplication. The seed material for planting on nursery can be done through Agricultural
Research station, Saundatti. This task ensures the increase in the level of sugar recovery. The
promising varieties maturing in early, Mid & Late season of cane crushing are listed below:
Early: Co-671, Co- 92020, Co-85002
Mid: Co- 89014, Co- 89010, and Co 86032, 88028
Late: Co- 740, Co-8011
The supply of cane to mill varieties should be Early - 33%, Mid - 33% and Late - 34%.This
type of supply will increase sugar recovery by 0.5 % to 1.0%. This will require a judicious
planning and execution including computerized harvesting.
2.6.4.3 Supply of Seed & Fertilizers
It is very essential to provide pegs, fertilizer and pesticides as loan to sugarcane growers in
order to save farmers from the clutches of the middlemen as well as moneylenders. Supply of
inputs say seed, fertilizer and pesticides in time and in required quantity would help in a long
run to increase productivity of sugarcane. A well-designed scheme should be worked out with
the help of Nationalized Bank which provide loan to the sugar cane growers.
2.6.4.4 Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is a new technique in which maximization of quality of cane is obtained in
least quantity of water. Government also encourages drip irrigation. Whenever drought
conditions exist, drip irrigation shall have to be followed. More than 70 to 80% area is
irrigated by tube wells. It is a technique which helps to overcome the problem of less rainfall
which causes an adverse effect on the recovery of sugarcane. The response from the farmers
to adopt this system is very much encouraging as it saves water to an extent of 50-60%.
Hence, farmers can double the area to grow sugarcane crop. Moreover, it helps to increase the
yield by 30-40% and saves fertilizer by 25-30%. Besides, drip Irrigation also saves weeding
time and labour cost.
2.6.4.5 Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture is an advanced technique of rapid multiplication of higher yielding varieties of
sugar. The old and traditional seed multiplication takes a long time say about 5-6 years for a
good variety to reach farmers. By adopting the technique of tissue culture, seed multiplication
can be gained in about 1-2 years of span. Advantages of Tissue culture established by
Agriculture Universities, laboratories and also by private parties should be considered.
2.6.4.6 Upgrading Technology
There is rapid rate of increase in science and technology. It is very essential to upgrade the
technical knowledge of cane farmers by educating them through technical courses offered at
Agricultural Universities, Sugar Research Institute at Pune or Khanapur and Sugar Breeding
Institute at Coimbatore. Implementation of advanced technology in the plant helps in
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 42
increasing the productivity with better quality and there by increases the technical skill
among the working staff. It further leads to the growth of the industry and in turn the
development of the country.
2.6.4.7 Crop Competition
Crop competition among cane growers encourages potentiality of the cane growers for
getting more yield of cane. It is suggested that industry should arrange sugar cane crop
competitions for plant and of early, mid and late varieties to know the potential of cane yield.
Attractive prizes shall be awarded to the winners in order to up-hold their interest. This will
help in a long way in encouraging cane growers for getting more yield of cane.
2.6.4.8 Organic Manure
It is essential to augment the soil with organic manures available from green manuring,
compost, vermi-compost and press mud cake. Incorporation of organic manures will increase
the fertility of soils, thereby increasing the quality and yield of the cane. HSL shall make
arrangements for preparing compost from press mud cake, animal dung from cane yard and
other waste materials.
2.6.4.9 Soil Testing
To know the fertility condition of the soil in the command area, soil samples will be drawn.
Testing for pH, EC, N, P2O5, K2O and micronutrients will be carried out through soil testing
laboratories of Agriculture Department and MoEF recognized laboratory. This will help us to
follow field based approach to recommend right dosages of chemical fertilizers and micro-
nutrients forgetting high yield and to avoid application of excess nutrients in turn to reduce
the cost of cultivation.
2.6.5 Raw Material Requirement- Sugar Plant
Table 2.10 List of Raw Materials - Sugar Plant
Sl.
No Particulars
Quantity,
T/day
Quantity,
T/month Source Transportation Storage
01 Sugar cane 7500 300000
From
nearby
areas
Trucks, tractors
Sugar Cane from
field is
transported to
factory premises
through vehicles,
the vehicles after
reaching the
factory premises
will be parked in
queue at Cane
yard, after
weighing, cane is
directly taken into
milling process.
02 Sulphur 5 150 Mumbai Trucks Stored in Sulphur
godown
03 Lime 16 480 Lokapur, Trucks Stored in Lime
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 43
Sl.
No Particulars
Quantity,
T/day
Quantity,
T/month Source Transportation Storage
Yadwad,
Rajasthan
godown
04 Caustic Soda
flakes 0.15 4.5 Mumbai Trucks
Stored in WTP
sub store
05
Lubricants
(Wheel bearing
greases,
lubricating oils
etc.)
0.5 15 Oil
companiesTrucks
Stored in Main
Store
06 HCl 0.66 20 Mumbai Trucks Stored in WTP
sub store
07 OP acid 0.1 3 Mumbai Trucks Stored in Main
Store
2.6.6 Raw material for cogeneration
Table 2.11 Fuel for Cogeneration
Sl No Fuel Quantity Source Transportation Storage
01 Bagasse 1208 T/day Own sugar mill Through
Conveyor belt
Stored in
Bagasse
Yard
The main raw material/ fuel required for the cogeneration plant i.e. bagasse is available from
the sugar mill. The adequate quantity of bagasse shall be supplied to the plant on requirement
basis. The cogeneration plant will work for 300 days (180 days in season & 120 days off-
season) in a year. Bagasse at the rate of 74 T/d is required for incineration boiler. Hence, total
bagasse requirement will be 1282 T/day. Considering the annual availability of 405000 T and
requirement of bagasse during season at 100% capacity utilization is 230760 T, thus leaving a
surplus of 174240T for off-season usage. With the saved bagasse, additional 136 days the
cogeneration and distillery boilers can be operated. The saved bagasse will be stored for
future usage.
2.6.7 Raw material requirement for Distillery section
Table 2.12 Raw material requirement – Distillery
Sl.
No Raw Material
Quantity/60
KLPD Transportation Source Storage
1 Molasses 240 MT Pipeline /
Tankers
Own production
for 225 days plus
from other sugar
factories located
at Belagavi.
Molasses storage
tank
2 Sulphuric Acid 30 lit
Lorry
Mumbai Drums
3 Nutrients N, P 60 Kg Mumbai 50 kg Bags
4 Turkey Red Oil
(TRO) 30 Kg Mumbai Drums
5 Biocides 30 kg Local Drums
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 44
Table 2.13 Fuel for Incineration boiler
Sl
No Fuel Quantity Source Transportation Storage
01 Spent wash 146 T/day Own Distillery
unit Pipeline
Spent wash
storage tank
02 Bagasse 74 T/day Own sugar plant Tractor Bagasse yard
2.7 Resource requirement - Water
2.7.1 Water balance- Sugar and Cogen unit
Table 2.14 Resource Requirement during Season
Capacity of sugar plant 7500 TCD
Total
number of
hours
24 hrs
Capacity of cogeneration 30
MW/
Hr
Boiler capacity 140 TPH
Steam production 3360 TPD
Condensate generation 4125 KLD
Requirement Wastewater generation
Imbibition 2400 KLD
Mill Sanitation 165 KLD
Milk of lime preparation 213 KLD
Oliver Filters 375 KLD
Pan movement 165 KLD
Centrifugal Washing 150 KLD 135 KLD
Floor Washing 105 KLD 95 KLD
Cooling tower blow down 360 KLD 360 KLD
Evaporation loss 150 KLD
Line loss 17 KLD
Total condensate 4099 KLD
Excess Condensate 26 KLD
Fresh water requirement
Boiler makeup/blow down 17 KLD 17 KLD
Evaporation (Boiler) 151 KLD
Cooling tower makeup/blow down
(Additional) 84 KLD 84 KLD
Evaporation(Cooling tower) 50 KLD
Colony and domestic 37 KLD 33 KLD
Laboratory 3 KLD 3 KLD
WTP makeup/reject 45 KLD 45 KLD
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 45
Total freshwater requirement 388 KLD
Total water requirement 4487 KLD
Total wastewater generation 772 KLD
Effluent to ETP 739 KLD
Sewage to Septic tank and Soak pit 33 KLD
Off- season
Fresh water Wastewater generation
Boiler feed 101 KLD 10 KLD
Cooling tower makeup 645 KLD 445 KLD
WTP makeup/ reject+ Lab 114 KLD 114 KLD
Colony and Domestic 28 KLD 22 KLD
Sugar plant maintenance 50 KLD 50 KLD
Total 937 KLD 641 KLD
Effluent to ETP 619 KLD
Sewage to Septic tank and Soak pit 22 KLD
Hence, total water requirement for the sugar and cogen is 4487 KLD. Out of which, 4099
KLD is from the reuse of condensate water during crushing season. Maximum fresh water
requirement is 937 KLD during off season. Water balance chart is given below:
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 46
# represents condensate water, all values in KLD
Fig 2.10 Water balance chart- During season
(all values are in KLD)
Fig 2.11 Water balance chart- During off-season (all values are in KLD)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 47
Fresh water requirement for 7500 TCD sugar cane crushing and 30 MW/Hr cogeneration is:
During season: 388 KLD
During off season: 937 KLD
Table 2.15 Water requirement for distillery
Sl. No. Description Water Quantity m3/day
1. Process 397
2. DM plant 180
3. Cooling Tower 360
4. For washing 8
5. Total 945
Total fresh water requirement 480 KLD
Spent lees 88 KLD
Spent wash 480 KLD
Concentrated spent wash 146 KLD
Condensate 334 KLD
Cooling tower blow down 72 KLD
Boiler Blow down 16 KLD
To Condensate polishing unit 466 KLD
Recycled to the process 465 KLD
Treated water available for gardening 66 KLD
Water utilised for dust suppression 7 KLD
Spent wash will be stored in the impervious storage tank and will be concentrated and used as
fuel in the slop fired boiler. Spentlees along with condensate from MEE, boiler blow down,
cooling tower blow down and washing will be treated in the CPU of 600 KLD capacity and
recycled back in the process. The treatment technology is explained in the subsequent
chapters. Hence, total water requirement for the distillery is 945 KLD. Out of which, 465
KLD will be from the utilization of treated Condensate water. Maximum fresh water
requirement is 480 KLD met from Malaprabha River. Water balance chart for distillery is
given below:
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 48
(all values are in KLD)
Fig 2.12 Water balance chart- Distillery
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 49
2.8 Description of Major Systems
2.8.1 Plant Layout
The process flow is assumed to be gravity type. The plant layout has been prepared keeping
in view the process flow of intermediaries, approach road, wind directions and process
requirements and future expansion.
2.8.1.1 Technical features of the plant
Main technical features of the integrated expansion project of 7500 TCD and 30MW/Hr.
Approved makes for critical equipments of sugar plant
Table 2.16 Technical features of the plant - List of Equipments and Machinery
Sl.
no Particulars Make
1. Mills Aditya Enterprises
2.
Centrifugal Machines:-
a) Continuous
b) Batch type
Walchandnagar Industries Limited
4. Electric Motor ABB / CROMPTON / KEC /
SIEMENS
5. Vacuum Filter Universal
8. Clarifier UNIVERSAL I Excel
9 a) Electric Motor
b) D.C. Motor
c) Thyristor Panels
CROMPTON
KIRLOSKAR I IEC
KIRLOSKAR only
10. Pumps other than}
Magma & Molasses}
KIRLOSKAR
11. Centralized lubri. For mill,
Mill Hydraulic accumulator
system
Rotary juice screen mill
LlNCON HELLIOUS
BEMCO
Suviron/Excel/Shamaraj
12. Weighing Machines :-
a) Sugar, Juice, Molasses
b) Check Weigh
AVERY
AVERY
13. Stitching Machines STITCHWEL/
14. Magma and Molasses Pumps Risansi Kanpur
15. Cane Unloader Crane and
Mill house & power house crane
Hallmark Technical Services Pvt
Ltd.,
16. Feeder Tables OEM OF MILL VENDOR
17. Planetary gear box with rope coupling
Automatic cane feeding control system
ELECON/OIANAMIC OIL
Yokogowa
18. All VFO in Sugar ABB
19. Air Compressor/ blowers
KIRLOSKAR/ K-
INTERNATIONAL
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 50
Sl. no
Particulars Make
20. Diesel Set
a) Engine
b) Alternator
CUMMINS
TDPS
21. Enclosed Worm
Gear boxes
ELECON
22. Electric cables Cell /finolex/ RPG
23. Sulphur Burner VISHAWA
24. C.I. valves (sluice, globe, right angle,
&non return etc) KIRLOSKAR / CALSENS
25. Fibrizer OEM OF MILL VENDOR
26. Pipes TATA
27. MS Plates TATAI SAIL
28. Injection, condenser / Cooling system Spray Engineering / Shamraj
29. Sugar belt conveyor/ Stacker/loader/Mud
belt/ Lime
Automatic electric Weigh M/C
Dust collector
GROUP/Techilk
SUMECH
Approved by Purchaser
30. MCB Siemens
31. Juice stabilization system App. By Purchaser
32. PH control system App. By Purchaser
33. Juice, filtrate clarification App. By Purchaser
34. Vacuum Pumps App. By Purchaser
35. Painting for total plant App. By Purchaser
36. Oils and Lubricants. Indian Oil
2.8.2 Machinery to be installed in cogeneration unit
Table 2.17 Proposed Plant and Machinery at cogen unit
Particulars Make
Boiler HITECH
Turbo Alternator
Turbine
Alternator
SNM Japan
TDPS
Total electrical for Co - generation,
Switch Yard and Transmission line
Approved by Purchaser/ Other/ OM
SAI ELECTIRCALS
Fuel, Ash Handling system TEKNICKIAG Conveyors
DCS system for boiler and turbine ABB/Indpro
DM plant ION EXCHANGE
P.R.D. Station Vishwa/Indpro
HP.LP Piping Approved by purchaser
Cooling Tower with Civil constructions MCT Engineers
Power House Crane, AC, Fire Fighting,
Fire protection, Lab, Compressor Approved by purchaser/CEMANTO
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 51
D.G COMMINSITDPS
Electric Motor
D.C. Motor
Thyristor Panels
CROMPTON
KIRLOSKAR I IEC
KIRLOSKAR only
Power house crane CEMANTOIOEM
All VFD in Cogeneration OANFOSS
Air Compressor/ blowers KIRLOSKARI
K-INTERNATIONAL
Diesel Set
Engine Alternator
CUMMINS
TOPS
Enclosed Worm Gear boxes ELECON
H.P Seam valves, Blow down
valves, Safety Valves BHEL/KSB
Electric cables CCII finolex/ RPG
Instruments for Boilers/ Others ABB / YOKOGOWA
Steam Pressure Reducing & De
superheating Station
IN MARSHALL
IINDPRO/OEM/PCENRLI
YOKOGOWA
Switch Fuse Unit SIEMENS
Air circuit Breakers & Contractors SIEMENS
C.I valves ( sluice, globe, right angle, &
non return etc) KIRLOSKAR / CALSENS
Boiler feed water pump KSB/SULZER
Safety Valves Tyco Sanmar / BHEL
Attemperator OEM approved vendor
IDFD fans & SA fans Batiliboi/ AIROCHEM
Refractories ACCI Bhilai Refractory
Insulation Lloyds Insulation /
AFTERWORDS/Finlay
Sample Cooler Thermax
Castings, fabrication of steel work OEM/Purchaser approved vendors
Deaerator OEM approved as Sub-vendors
Control Valves MIL/R.K. Controls/ Forbes Marshall
Blow down valve TYCO AND LEAVCON
VALVES
Valves (IBR) KSB
Valves (Non IBR) BDK/KIRLOSKAR/Cresent
Damper OEM/design ( fabrication by OEM
approved Sub vendors)
Dosing Pumps Positive metering
Motors ( Energy Efficient) Siemens/ CROMPTON
ESP Thermax
Pump KSB /Sulzer
Pressure gauges H.Guru
Temp gauges TIWAC/ HGURU
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 52
Transmitters Rosemount/ Yokogawal
l/P Converter Rosemount
Thermocouples/RTDs ABB
Pneumatic Power Cylinder ABB
Pressure/Temp/Flow
Switches
Switer
Level Gauges ABB
Table 2.18 List of machinery to be installed at Distillery unit
A). DISTILLERY SECTION
MOLASSES STORAGE
STATION
Capacity - 7000 MT - 4 Unit or suitable
Molasses Pump: - Gear Pump or Screw
Pump, Capacity - 40 MT/Hr
Unloading Pit Pump - 2 Unit.
Molasses Pump: -Screw Pump or Gear pump,
Capacity - 30 MT/Hr. A) FERMENTATION i) Molasses day tank - capacity - 200 m
3 - 1 No.
ii) Transfer Pump - 2 no. Type- Gear, Cap 2.5 m3 / hr.
iii) Molasses Receiving tank - 1 no. Cap.- 2.5 m3
iv) Molasses Weighing System: - 1 no, Type -Load cell,
Cap. - 3 m3.
v) Molasses Weighing Tank: - 1 no., Cap. - 40 m3.
Transfer Pump - 2 no, Type - Gear. Cap. - 12 m3/hr.
vi) Molasses Diluter for yeast Vessel - 1 no.
Type - Static Mixer.
vii) Culture Vessel with air sparger:- 1 no. Cap.- 0.2 m3
Culture Vessel with air sparger :- 1 no. Cap.- 1.35 m3
viii). Culture Vessel with air sparger :- 1 no.Cap.- 7.2 m3.
ix). Cell mass transfer Pump with Motor , Type-
Centrifugal with Trolley Cap.- 7 m3/hr.
x). Fermenter - Cap.- 330 m3. - 4 No.
Type - Cyl. shell S.S. make. Circulation
Pump - 5 no. Cap.-162 m3/hr, Molasses
broth mixer with Static mixer.
xi). Fermenter Wash Cooler - Type - PHE- 4 no.
xii). Yeast activation Vessel, Type - Cyl. Shell, Cap. -66
m3. S.S. make. with broth mixer, Pump - 2 no. Type-
Centrifugal, Cap- 20 m3.With PHE
xiii).Wash Holding Tank - 1 no. Type- Cyl.Shell , Cap.-
130 m3. Pump- 2 no.Cap.- 34 m3/ hr.
xiv). Air Blower with Filter - 1 no. Type -HEPA. Cap- 280
Nm3/hr.
xv). CO2 Scrubber - 1 no , Praj make .
xvi). Nutrient dosing Tank- 1 no. Cap.- 1 m3 With Pump- 1
no, cap.- 2 m3/hr.
xvii). Acid dosing tank - 1 no. Cap- 1 m3.
Pump - 2 no. cap- 1 m3 /hr.
xviii). Antifoam dosing tank - 1no,cap- 1 m3, Pump- 2 no.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 53
Cap- 1 m3/hr.
xix). CIP Tank -1 no cap- 10 m3, Pump- 2 no, cap- 10
m3/hr.
xx). Sealing water system for air Blower - M.S.tank -1 no,
CI Pump- 1 no. With piping.
xxi). Fermentation all piping - S.S. make 304 Gr., Or
suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery. B). DISTILLATION SECTION
i). ANALYSER COLUMN (Rh grid trays, vacuum):-
Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
ii). DEGASIFING COLUMN (Sieve trays, vacuum):-
Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
iii). PRE - RECTIFIER COLUMN (bubble cap trays,
Pressure):- Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
iv). EXTRACTIVE COLUMN (bubble cap trays,
Vacuum):- Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
v). RECTIFIER COLUMN (bubble cap trays, Pressure):-
Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
vi). SIMMERING COLUMN (bubble cap trays, atm.):-
Suitable for 60000 LPD All material S.S. make.
vii). RECOVERY COLUMN (bubble cap trays, atm)
All material S.S. make.
viii). ALCOHOL SCRUBBER: - 1 Unit, Make- S.S. (304
Gr.)
All material S.S. make.
ix). OTHER :-
a). FO decanters -2 no.
b). Mixing Bottle (For ED / Purifier Column) - 1 no.
c). Vapour bottles :- lot.
d). Manometer bottles :- 2 no.
e). Seal pot :- 1 no.
f). Siphon for recovery column. -1 no.
g). TA mixing Bottle - 1 no.
h). Pipes 7 fitting , Valves and instruments ;- Lot.
OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery. C).INTEGRATED AND STAND
ALONE EVAPORATION
SECTION
I). INTEGRATED TWO EFFECT EVAPORATION:-
i). Falling Film type Evaporator - no. with surface
condenser -1 no and preheater-1 no. Feed tank -1 no - cap-
10 m3. S.S. make. with pump- 2 no. Process condensate
tank - cap- 01 m3. S.S.make . with Pump-2 no.
Recirculation Pump- 2 no. & Transfer Pump- 2 no.
Vacuum Pump -2 no. with Sealing arrangement system.
Suitable for 600 m3/day spent wash. All material S.S.
make.
OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery.
II).STANDALONE EVAPORATION;-
Flubex type evaporator,-2 no.
With transfer pump-2 no. Recirculation pump- 2 no.
Surface condenser - 1 no.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 54
Finisher - 2 no. with recirculation & transfer pump -2 no
Feed tank -1 no - cap- 10 m3. S.S. make. with pump- 2 no.
Process condensate tank - cap- 01 m3. S.S.make with
Pump-2 no.
Steam condensate tank - cap- 01 m3. S.S.make with Pump-
2 no.
CIP condensate tank - cap- 15 m3. S.S.make with Pump-2
no.Or Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery D). EFFLUENT TREATMENT
PLANT & CONDENSET
POLISHING UNIT
i. Buffer tank with pumps.
ii. USAB Tank with Pump.
iii. Extended aeration tank with pumps.
iv. Clarifier EAT & Effluent tank.
v. Tube settler, Flocculator
vi. Ultra violet tube.
vii. Sludge drying bed. With all accessories and Pumps.
viii. OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery. E).STORAGE SECTION i. RS RECEIVER:- cap- 80 m
3 . Make- M.S. - 01 no.
ii. IS RECEIVER:- cap- 15 m3 . Make- M.S. - 02 no.
iii. ENA RECEIVER:- cap- 80 m3 . Make- M.S. - 03 no.
iv. RS Storage Tank:- cap- 1000 m3 . Make- M.S. - 01 no.
v. ENA Storage Tank :- cap- 1000 m3 . Make- M.S. - 03
no.
vi. IS Storage Tank:- cap- 300 m3 . Make- M.S. - 01 no.
vii. FO Storage Tank:- cap- 10 m3 . Make- M.S. - 01 no.
viii. Denatured Storage Tank:- cap- 10 m3 . Make- M.S. -
01 no.
ix. Alcohol Pumps: - Centrifugaltype, Make - Microfinish, - 06 no.
x. Cooling water recirculation pump: - 01 no.
xi. Issue measured PD Flow meter - 03 no.
OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery.
F). UTILITY i. COOLING TOWER: - 01 No. For Fermentation Unit. Cap- 380 m
3/hr. With pump-2 no. cap- 380 m
3/hr.
ii. COOLING TOWER: - 01 No. For Distillation Unit.
Cap- 500 m3/hr. With pump-3 no. cap- 500 m
3/hr.
iii. COOLING TOWER: - 01 No. For Evaporation Unit. Cap- 485 m
3/hr. With pump-2 no. cap- 485 m
3/hr.
iv. AIR COMPRESSOR: - 3 No. OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery.
G). RO Plant i). Distillery Process Ro - 01 no.; Capacity - 20 m3/hr.
ii). Boiler RO: - 01 no. Cap- 20 m3.
OR Suitable for 60000 LPD Distillery
H). BOILER
22 TPH SPENT WASH FIRED BOILER: -This is spent wash
fired boiler in which theBagasse used as 40% & spent wash 60%
by volume and by Calorific Value itis 50:50 % of both fuel.
Steam Pressure: 45 g/cm2;Super Heater Temp:390
o C; Steam Gen
capacity: 22.2 T/Hr
I). Power Turbine 3 MW/Hr
Power Rated – 2000 KW; Inlet Steam Pressure – 42 Kg.cm2;
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 55
Exhaust Pressure – 5 Kg.cm2
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
1. Main Fire Fighting Pumps Electric
Driven
47 lit/sec
2. Main Fire Fighting Pumps Diesel
Driven
47 lit/sec
3. Jockey Pumps 3 lps, at 7 kg/cm2 (g) with Motor 15 HP
4. Pressure Gauges -
5. Fire Hose Box Double -
6. Fire Hose Box Single -
7. Fire Hose Pipe 15 mt Long Binded
With Male Female Coupling
15m Long
8. Fire Hose Pipe 30 mt Long Banded
With Male Female Coupling
30m Long
9. Fire Extinguishers CO2 Type 4.5 Kg Capacity
10. Fire Extinguishers DCP Type 10 Kg Capacity
11. GM Single Hydrant Valve 63 mm dia
12. Gm Hose Nozzle 63 mm dia
Table 2.19 Description of spent wash boiler
Sl. No. Description UOM Value
1) Spent wash concentration % solids 55-60
2) Concentrated Spent wash quantity to the boiler TPD 146
3) GCV of spent wash for given concentration Kcal/kg 1700
4) Approximate Quantity of Support bagasse required Mt/hr 3.1
5) GCV of Bagasse Kcal/kg 2270 kcal/kg
6) Minimum ash content in bagasse % wt / wt 1
7) Gross steam generation @ MSSV outlet Kg/hr 32,000
8) Pressure at MSSV outlet Kg/cm2(g) 40
9) Temperature at MSSV outlet °C 440 +/- 5
10) Air pollution control --- ESP
2.8.3 Buildings
The main industry buildings will be of structural steel-framed structure with galvanized sheet
roofing and side claddings. The sides of building will be having masonry wall up to a height
of 4.0 meters with large steel windows. The main doors of the buildings will be of large size
5.0 m X 4.0 m to permit transport of machinery by trucks. Rain water drain pipes concrete up
to a height of 300 mm above finished floor level.
The factory ground floor will be of RCC construction with proper drainage slope and
drainage gutters. All liquid effluents will be collected through these gutters and led to effluent
treatment plant. The flow will be by gravity.
2.8.3.1 Civil Works
The upper working platforms/floors will be constructed with steel structural supports and
checkered plate flooring. All staircases leading to the upper floors will be of minimum 2.0 m
wide width. The platforms and floors above ground level will have proper handrails and toe
guards. The flooring will be designed for a live load of 500 kgs/Sq.m. Where RCC platforms
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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are provided the same shall be designed to carry live loads of machinery movement as
required.
Storm water drains will be constructed, suitable for the topography of the site.
Cane yard where Lorries, tractors and trucks are parked will be soiled with stones,
levelled and rolled hard. Proper slope will be provided for rainwater drainage.
The underground pipes will be properly coated with bitumen and protected against
corrosion.
Following standards will be used while designing and executing the building and civil
works
All RCC structures will be as per IS: 456
All steel structures will be as per IS: 800.
Design loads for buildings and structures including wind loads as per IS: 875.
For earthquake effects IS: 1893.
2.8.3.2Storage of Products/ by-products
Sl.No Particulars Photographs
Sugar go-down 23 m X 75m x 10 m
Bagasse 250 m X 80 m X 15 m
(Proposed)
-
Molasses 4 X 5000 MT
(Proposed)
Steel structural tanks wil be established
Press mud,
ETP sludge
and Yeast
sludge
100 m X 80 m HDPE lined area will be established
Water storage 60 Lakhs litre capacity
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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Chemical
storage room
30m x 6m x 5m
(proposed)
Separate closed chemical storage rooms will
be constructed to store chemicals like sulphur,
lime, caustic soda flakes, lubricants, HCL,
etc.,
2.9 Product, Production Capacity
Table 2.20 Proposed Product details
Sl.No Product Quantity
Products
1 Sugar 900 TPD
2 Power 33 MW/Hr (30 MW/Hr cogeneration + 3
MW/Hr from incineration boiler)
3 Ethanol/ ENA/RS/AA 60 KLPD
By-products
4 Bagasse 2250 TPD
5 Press mud 300 TPD
6 Molasses 300 TPD
2.10 Sugar manufacturing process
2.10.1 Process of Manufacturing
In India, majority of the factories are involved in preparing white direct consumption
sugar, which is 99.8% pure. Some limited quantity of raw or brown sugar (97 - 98
pure) is also made for the purpose of export. Sugar is produced in vacuum pan
evaporators. The major process of manufacture consists of the following steps:-
Extraction of Juice
Clarification
Evaporation
Crystallization
Centrifugation
Drying
Bagging
Store
Market
2.10.2 Juice Extraction
2.10.2.1 Milling
In this method, the cane is passed between heavy rollers to extract the
juice, and the cane is crushed immediately after harvesting as the fresh sugar cane gives a
higher percentage of juice than the dried cane. In both milling and diffusion
processes, the canes are first prepared by breaking the stalk into shorter pieces and
making them into small fragments in order to rupture the cane cells which contain
juice. For this purpose one set of knives and crusher has been in use but now a
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large number of factories have installed two sets of knives, one used as a leveller
and the other as cutter. These knives are of an engine or electric motor and rotate
over a mechanical crusher. The crusher consists of three rollers which are similar to
the mills, but equipped with large teeth which are widely spaced, to break the cane
so that it feeds more easily in the mills. Shredders are also being used; they shred the cane
into smaller pieces without extracting much juice.
In milling process, prepared cane is fed by the cane carrier to a series of mills called
milling tandem or train. As the unloaded cane is carried on the cane carrier, the cane
chopper controls the cane for even and uniform feeding to the cane leveller where
the cane is cut in to pieces by the revolving knives of the leveller. Each mill is fitted
with three massive horizontal rollers, with one roller on top and two on the bottom in
a triangular shape. These rollers are grooved to allow the extracted juice to flow into
juice strainer through the rotary screen placed below. A tandem has three to
five such milling units. The juice from the first mill is richer than the juice from the
second, the juice from the second is richer than the juice from the third, and so on.
The fibrous residue of cane that comes out of the last mill is called bagasse. In order
to extract the maximum amount of juice from the cane, a process called maceration
is practiced. This process consists of weighing water and adding/spraying water at
the last mill of the tandem to extract maximum sugar from the bagasse by the
method of compound imbibition where the juice extracted by the last mill is added in
the third mill and so on. The maceration with water and dilute juices helps in
increasing mill efficiency by first diluting the residual juice in the ruptured cane and
then extracting it in the subsequent mill.
The juice as obtained from the mills is turbid, acidic with a pH range of 5.0 - 5.4, and
grey to green in colour. It contains 80-90% water, 10-16% sucrose, 0.5-1.5% reducing
sugars and about 1.5% non sugars. The non sugars comprise of mineral matter,
protein, gums, waxes, tannins, and some pigments in colloidal form.
2.10.3 Clarification
2.10.3.1 Sulphitation Process
The juice is heated to 700C and milk of lime of 15
0 Bx density is added to the extent
of 1.0 to 1.5 percent by volume of the juice. Sulphur-di-oxide (SO2 content of 8 to
11%) is then passed through the juice to such an extent that the alkalinity produced
due to the addition of lime is neutralized. Sulphur-di-oxide gas is produced by
burning sulphur in batch type furnaces. The juice may be heated by utilizing the vapours from
the evaporators.
The juice is now sent to clarifiers where the precipitated impurities are settled as
mud. Clarifiers in use are of continuous type like Dorr clarigester. They contain a
number of trays one above the other, dished either towards the centre or towards
periphery and enclosed in a cylindrical body. On top of clarifier, there is a flocculating
chamber at the entrance. The juice flows from the top and passes over these trays
thus depositing the mud. Revolving scrappers move the mud towards an outlet,
which may be either at the centre or around the periphery of trays depending on the
design of clarifier. Clarifier is divided in to four compartments each having clear juice
draw-offs located at top, while the muddy juice is discharged from the bottom of the tanks.
The latter is filtered through cloth in plate and frame type filter press, or
through rotary vacuum filter. The clear juices from filtration and from the clarifiers are
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sent to the evaporators. The rotary vacuum filters, however, gives a turbid juice and
hence it has to be returned to the process either in the weighed mixed juice receiving
tank or the sulphited juice receiving tank. The mud in the filter presses is washed free from
sugar as much as possible, and discarded for use as manure. The washings from filter presses
are also added to the clear juice. The purity rise from the mixed to the clear juice in
sulphitation process factories is of the order of 0.5 to 1.5 units.
2.10.4 Evaporation
Evaporation is carried out in multiple effect evaporators made up of three, four or five
evaporators connected in series. Individual evaporator is called as effects or pans.
Each of the bodies consists of a closed cylindrical vertical vessel provided with a
calenderia or bank of tubes in the annular spaces of which low pressure steam is
admitted for heating the juice. The multiple effect system utilizes the latent heat of
steam as many times as there are bodies in the system. The bodies are arranged in
a series so that each succeeding body has a higher vacuum. The steam enters the
calenderia of the first body and the vapours from the boiling juice pass over to
calandria of the second body, where because of higher vacuum, the juice boils at a
lower temperature, releasing vapours for heating the vapours in the third body and so
on. Vapours from the last body go to the multi jet type condenser. The juice moves
continuously from one body to the next and finally about 75% of the original water is
removed. The thickened juice called syrup contains about 60% or more solids.
The syrup obtained from the evaporators are again sulphited by passing Sulphur
dioxide gas through it in continuous or batch type syrup sulphiter, in order to bleach it
and also to precipitate any lime salt present and thereby improve the quality of
sugar. The syrup with or without filtration is sent for crystallization in vacuum pans.
2.10.5 Crystallization
The syrup is boiled in vacuum pans to crystallize as massecuite, a mixture of sugar
crystals and mother liquor (molasses). Vacuum pans are essentially like a single
body of multiple effect evaporator and work in batch operations at high vacuum (660
mm, 54°C boiling point). In order to produce a uniform grade of sugar i.e. the sugar
which is virtually of the same colour and composition, complex boiling system
comprising two to three stages of boiling scheme is practiced. The number of boiling
and their techniques used depend upon factors such as the purity of syrup, the grade
of sugar desired, and the level of exhaustibility of final molasses required.
Boiling of syrup in vacuum pans is a highly skilled operation and is carried out by
experienced pan boilers. After a vacuum of 635 mm is achieved in the pan, syrup is
drawn in a quantity roughly a quarter of pan. Steam is admitted into the clanderia or
the steam coils of the pan and the syrup is boiled to grain. As soon as syrup
becomes supersaturated (this is determined either by instruments like cuitometer or
from samples drawn by an instrument called proof stick), grain is made to form either
by lowering the temperature or more generally by adding seed crystals of fine sugar.
The grains are grown sufficiently large by continuous admission of syrup into the pan
and progressive boiling under careful manipulation of temperature, steam, and rate
of feed of syrup. Care is taken to see that proper graining is formed as this mars the
uniformity of size of sugar crystals. Examination· of the boiling syrup is done by
drawing samples at regular intervals. In case the false grains appear, these are
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dissolved out by drawing in some cold water or preferably clarified fresh juice. When
the pans are fully boiled to the desired size of the grains, the vacuum is released;
and the pan is dropped or struck i.e. the boiling is stopped. The resulting mixture of
the grains, called massecuite, is run out of the pan into crystallizers, where residual
crystallization continues further. The crystallizers are U-shaped or cylindrical vessels,
equipped with cooling and stirring arrangement.
2.10.6 Centrifugation
The partially cooled massecuite from the crystallizer is fed to centrifugal machine
revolving at about 1,000 to 1,500 rpm. The baskets of the centrifuges are perforated
and a copper screen having fine holes is placed inside the baskets. The mother
liquor (molasses) adhering to the crystals goes out of the holes of the screen. A jet of
hot water is sprayed at the crystals to free them from molasses, followed by
steaming to drive out moisture. The hot moist sugar is discharged into the hoppers
fitted below the centrifuges. The sugar from the hoppers is transferred to a long
hopper or a cascade type cooler and from there to hot air drum type drier for drying.
It is finally shifted to obtain crystals of different size and bagged.
The purity of the first massecuite is about 90 percent and that of the molasses
obtained from it is about 70 percent. The molasses obtained from it, some fresh syrup (or
washings from the first massecuite) is again boiled in vacuum pans so as to raise the purity to
76-78%, separated and dried as before. The second molasses with a purity of 53 – 54% is
very viscous and as such it is difficult to grain directly. It is conditioned (by slight dilution
with water and heating by steam) and mixed with a portion of fully grained syrup, and boiled
to form the third massecuite. In this manner the clarified syrup is boiled to three or four
massecuites according to the predetermined system of boiling. The final molasses, which may
fall 5 to 35 percent or lower purity, is conveyed to the reservoirs, and it constitutes a good
source of alcohol.
2.10.7 Drying
After centrifugation from crystallizer, white crystals of sugar with moisture content will be
obtained. To remove the moisture content of the sugar crystals, they are passed through rotary
drier for drying the crystal to obtain the final product.
2.10.7.1 Drying of Sugar
There are two ways by which sugar is dried in practice
Drying sugar in the rotary dryers
Drying sugar in the centrifugal machines.
Of the two, drying sugar in the centrifugal machines is considered superior. This is because in
the rotary dryers, the crystals lose their luster by the rubbing action against each other.
Further, the sugar dust formed means loss of sugar and requires additional equipment to
recover it.
2.10.7.2 Drying of sugars and their importance on keeping quality
All sugars undergo microbiological decomposition under humid conditions and
consequently there is loss of sugar polarization. This applies to both white
consumption sugars as well as raw sugars. The susceptibility for microbiological
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growth eventually decreases after drying. But as a consequence of drying,
polarization of raw sugar increases and this in turn increases its value. In the case of
white consumption sugar, its quality lasts longer.
Since the moisture content in sugar is regarded as a characteristic of quality, drying
has a special significance and is of extreme importance. Modern storage methods,
too, such as the introduction of concrete silos, have decisively influenced the
demand of sugar drying.
The spinning speed of the centrifugal as well as the washing is important for drying.
If the moisture of the sugar yielded in the centrifugals is too high, it means that the
heat required for drying the sugar increases as well.
Sugar that has been insufficiently or badly washed will form at its crystal surface a
syrup film with low purity grade. This purity influences to a certain extent the storage
capability of the sugar, since the lower is this purity grade, the lesser is the relative
equilibrium humidity.
The purity of the syrup film also influences the remaining moisture that can be
achieved in the sugar. In cases of absolutely pure sugar solutions the relative
equilibrium air humidity comes to 85 percent. With impure syrup film the relative
equilibrium air humidity amounts to 60% or less. This has been proved by the fact
that white sugar from a three boiling system shows a lower degree of moisture content
under equal conditions than sugar from a two boiling system.
'Ash' also influences this. Higher 'ash' content determines a higher degree of residual
humidity.
Other factors influencing the drying process of sugar are the crystal size as well as
the proportion of conglomerates. The smaller the size of the crystal, relatively greater
will be the adhesiveness of the moisture to such small crystal. For this purpose, drying
of finer crystals requires a greater amount of heat. In the case of conglomerates a
certain amount of moisture is locked in between the crystals, and larger the crystals
the higher the moisture content.
Excessive drying of sugar i.e. reducing the moisture to a point, which is below the
relative equilibrium moisture of sugar storage unnecessarily, increases the cost of
drying. This also leads to the impairment of the sugar quality since the brilliance of
the sugar is subdued. Therefore, drying has to be done extremely carefully so as not to
impair the quality of the product.
2.10.8 Quality Control & Specifications
Till 1935 there were no recognized standard for grading sugar manufactured in the
vacuum pan factories in India. The quality of sugar varied from industry to industry, and
product of each industry was quoted under its own name. The lack of uniformity in the
quality of production resulted in difficulties in the commercial transactions in fixation of
prices. Sugar standards were issued for the first time in 1935 by the Imperial council of
Agricultural Research and later merged with the Indian Institute of Sugar Technology,
Kanpur. There were sets of material standards forming a base for visual comparison of colour
and grain size for the purpose of grading. The first set of sugar standards consisted of 17
combined colour and grain size grades of crystals sugar (sucrose < 99.5; moisture> 0.05), and
3 colour grades for crushed sugar (sucrose> 98.5; moisture < 1.0). These grades were
designated by numbers ranging from 10 to 26 for crystal sugar and 10 0C to 12
0C for crushed
sugar.
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In 1936, it was decided to have two separate series of standards - one for grain size and the
other for colour. On this basis, ten grades for colour and five for grain size were decided upon
for crystal sugar, while the number of grades for crushed sugar was increased to four. Since
then these numbers have been varied from time to time as per the need of the industry and
trade. The system of grading the different qualities was reviewed in 1952 by the Indian
Standards Institution for 'Vacuum Pan Sugar'. At present there are 10 grades of crystal sugar,
i.e. five grain size groups A, B, C, D and E having two colours, namely 30 and 29. The bulk
of sugar production at present is of C, D and E grain size and 30 colours specification. Indian
Standard requirements for sugar are given in the following table:
Table 2.21 Indian Standard Requirements for Different Kinds of Sugar
Sr.
No Particulars
Crystal
Refined
Sugar
Icing
Sugar
Cube Sugar
Refined Grade - I
(From Refined
Sugar)
Sugar
1 Moisture by wt., max 0.05 0.80 0.25 0.25 0.05
2 Specific Conductivity
(Reciprocal ohms//Cm3)
X106 of 5% (W/V)
aqueous solution at 35°C
Max.
- - 15.0 - 15.0
3 Sucrose, by wt. Min 99.50 - 99.5 99.2 99.8
4 Reduction Sugars by Wt.
Max - 0.06 0.03 - 0.03
5 Starch (Moisture free),
by wt.Max - 5 - - -
6 Total of starch (moisture
free) and sucrose, by wt.
Min
- 99.1 - - -
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Fig 2.13 Schematic diagram of Integrated Sugar complex
2.11 Cogeneration Process
2.11.1 Types of Co- generation
Depending on the quality of process head required, co-generation may be based on topping
cycle or on bottoming cycle. In bottoming cycle systems, heat is required for the process at
high temperature and hence power is generated through a suitable waste heat recovery
system. On the other hand, in the topping cycle system, heat is required for the process at low
temperatures and therefore power generation is taken up first.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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2.11.2 Requirement of Sugar Industries
The process of manufacturing crystal sugar requires steam. In existing co-generation
systems steam is generated in low - pressure boilers by using bagasse-the woody
fibrous residue of crushed cane, as fuel. This system was developed when possibility
of exporting power to the grid was not envisaged. Further, since the storage of large
quantities of combustible bagasse in the premises of the sugar mill was not an
advisable option, most of the boilers were designed so as to use almost the entire
quantity of bagasse produced. By upgrading the steam parameters, the sugar
industry can produce electricity far in excess of their own requirement and sell the
surplus power to the grid.
Benefits of adopting Co-generation systems in Sugar Industries
Not depending on external power to all, sugar plants can be located nearer
the sugar nearer the sugar growing areas, thereby saving on transportation cost of
sugarcane.
An efficient and sustained co-generation enables the plant to isolate itself from the
vagaries of power.
Power generation using bagasse is environmentally cleaner as bagasse produces very
little fly ash and no Sulphur.
Net contribution to greenhouse effect from the bagasse based co-generating
plant is zero, since the Carbon-di-oxide absorbed by the sugar cane grown is more
than the one emitted by the co-generating plant.
Low capital investment. Recurring costs are also lower compared to fossil fuel based
power plants.
Use of totally renewable source of energy.
Total saving in the mining, extraction and long distance transportation
expenses of fossil fuels.
Rural location of sugar mills enables co-generated power to be directly fed to
the local substation, consequently minimizing T & D losses and the requirement of
long feeder lines.
Saves the expenditure on safe storage and disposal of bagasse.
A co-generation plant places no financial or administrative burden on the utility as it
is executed and managed by the sugar factory.
Power is generated at a lower cost in co-generating systems and payback
period is shorter.
Provides an initiative to sugar mills to concentrate more on conservation of energy
and reduction of steam consumption thereby improving their profitability of
operation.
Surplus power generation in sugar factory is ideally suited for rural electrification and
for energizing irrigation pumps and industrial and agro- based units in the villages.
Several studies carried out have established that significant potential exists in India
for Bagasse based co-generation. Further, the interest shown by the government of
India, the State Governments and international funding agencies have provided the
necessary thrust to encourage sugar mills to become more and more conscious for
energy conservation and venture into the area of high efficiency cogeneration
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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leading to export of surplus power. As one of the largest processors of cane sugar,
Indian sugar industry is on the threshold of making a visible penetration in power
generation sector with the potential to generate about 15000 MW/Hr from this source.
Above all, from the proposed 33 MW/hr bagasse based and slop fired cogeneration
plant about 21360 T of CO2/year emission can be reduced from the conventional coal
based power plant (calculated as per carbon content in the fuel). However, as bagasse
is a biomass fuel, the emission from bagasse based power plant is considered to be
‘carbon neutral’.
2.11.3 Raw Material- Bagasse Availability
The critical requirement of co-generation plant is availability of sufficient bagasse from the
attached sugar plant, the detailed calculations of bagasse availability and balance bagasse to
be purchased is as under.
Table 2.22 Bagasse Balance
Sl no Particulars Details
1 Cane Crushing Capacity, TCD 7500
2 Number of Days -Season 180
3 Capacity Utilization, % 85
4 Total Sugar Cane Crushing-Tons 1147500
5 Bagasse Produced @ 30 % of Cane Crushed 344250
6
6.a
Bagasse Consumption
Bagasse required for 140 TPH Boiler during
season and 180 Days of operations
222651
7
Bagasse required for Boiler during off-season
and for 120 days
148440
Sl no C.4. Bagasse / Fuel Balance Value, TPH
1 Crushing rate, TCH 312.5
2 Bagasse generation at 30 % on cane, TPH 93.75
3 Bagacillo/handling loss at 0.8 % on cane,
TPH
2.5
4 Bagasse available as fuel at 30 % on cane,
TPH
93
5 Total Bagasse available, TPH 93
6 Max Bagasse consumed in boilers at
design capacity, TPH
56
7 Bagasse saved for off season/available,
TPH (MT)
37
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2.11.4 Process details
Fig 2.14 Process Flow diagram of cogeneration
Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the sequential generation of two
different forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source, typically mechanical
energy and thermal energy. Mechanical energy may either be used to drive on alternator for
producing electricity or rotating equipment such as motor, compressor, pump or fan for
delivering various services. Thermal energy can be used either for direct process applications
or for indirectly producing steam, hot water, hot air for dryer of chilled water for process
cooling. Cogeneration provides a wide range of technologies for application in various
domains of economic activities. The overall efficiency of energy use in cogeneration mode
can be up to 85% and above in some cases.
Cogeneration system in a sugar plant employ extraction / back pressure steam turbines. The
two types of steam turbines most widely used are the back pressure and the extraction –
condensing types. The choice between backpressure turbine and extraction – condensing
turbine depends mainly on the quantities of power and heat, quality of heat and economic
factors. The extraction points of steam from the turbine could be more than one, depending
on the temperature levels of heat required by the processes.
In a sugar plant, the fuel (Bagasse) is burnt in a boiler to generate steam. This steam is used
to drive a turbine, which in turn drives the alternator through a high speed gear box to
produce electric power. In a sugar cogeneration plant, some amount of steam is generally
extracted from the turbine, once or twice, at the required pressure and temperature for sugar
manufacturing process. The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water which goes back
to the boiler.
High pressure and high temperature cycle are crucial for increasing the operating efficiency
and the power output from the cogeneration plants. The choice of the level of the pressure
and temperature for the cycle depend on the level of confidence in the plant operators quality
of the feed water and the water treatment systems available and the cost of the high pressure
temperature boiler and Turbo generator systems and the financial benefits realizable from the
cogeneration plant by the way of the sale of the exportable power.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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2.11.5 Characteristics of Bagasse
White and light green in colour, odourless solid. Typical specific weight is 250 kg/m3
The main content: 45-50 % moisture, 50 % cellulose
Calorific value is 2270 kCal/kg at 50 % moisture
Source: http://www.kslgroup.com/th/business/electricity
Fig 2.15 Schematic diagram of Cogeneration process
Table 2.23 Details of Boiler
Capacity Pressure Temperature Qty Type
140 TPH 110 kg/cm2 520
0C 1No Multi fuel Travelling Grate boiler
Table 2.24 Working details of Boiler
Type of steam boiler Water tube
Fuel used Bagasse and other bio mass multi-fuel
Calorific value of Bagasse 2270 Kcal/kg.
Moisture in bagasse 50%
Boiler thermal efficiency 70% on GCV
2.11.5.1 Power Evacuation
The power generation from the Turbo-alternator received at 440 V/ 11 KV in the
cogeneration plant after meeting operational and auxiliary requirements will be stepped up to
110 KV at factory switchyard and will be transmitted to KPTCL Sub Station.
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Table 2.25 Technical features of the plant - Sugar and Cogen
A. Steam & Power Cycle- Season
Sl.No. Crushing Capacity 7500TCD
A. Season Operation days
1 Cane Crushing TCH 318.18
2 No of hours per day 24.00
3 No of season days 180.00
4 Capacity Utilization, % 80.00
5 Bagasse generation at 30 cane (TPH) 95.45
6 Bagacillo/handling losses cane (TPH) 0.8% 2.55
7 Bagasse available as fuel, cane (TPH) 92.91
8 Total Bagasse available, TPH 92.91
9 Maximum Bagasse consumed by boilers in season per hour 56
10 Bagasse saved for off season, TPH(MT) 37
11 Steam generation, TPH (140 TPH) 140.00
12 Steam consumption, TPH
13 Total HP steam @ 8 kg/cm2g, TPH 13.40
14 LP steam @ 2 kg/cm2, TPH 6.80
- For sugars process from turbine 92.00
Condensate return from sugar mill at around 85 0C 78.20
Steam to deaerator 6.80
Condensate return from hot well -NA-
15 Makeup DM water addition from DM plant 14.80
16 Flow from de- aerator 6.80
17 Total steam consumption, TPH 119.00
18 Power generation, MW/Hr 30.00
19 Power consumption, MW/Hr
-For sugar process & boilers 8.2
-Power Export 21.8
B. Off Season Operations
1 No. of days operation 120
2 Steam generation, TPH 140.00
3 Steam consumption TPH
-HP steam for HP Heater TPH 7.00
-LP steam @ 2 kg /cm2 g for Deator TPH 1.60
-LP steam @ 0.1 kg /cm2 for Condenser TPH 63.40
Total Steam consumption 72.00
4 Power generation, MW/Hr 30.00
5 Power consumption, MW/Hr
For sugar mill 0.5
For co gen auxiliaries 2.4
Total 2.9
6 Power export MW/Hr 27.1
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C Steam, Water & Condensate, Power & Bagasse Balances
Sr. No.
C.1. Steam Balance Value
Season
1 Steam generation, TPH 140.00
2 Steam consumption TPH
-HP steam to sugar process @ 8 kg/cm2- 13.40
-LP Steam to Deator @ 2 kg/cm2 6.80
-For sugars process form turbine 92.00
-LP steam @ 0.1 kg /cm2 for Condenser TPH 27.80
Total 140.00
Sr.
No. C.2. Water and Condensate Balance
Value, TPH
Season
1 Condensate return from sugar mill at around 85°C 78.20
2 Steam to de - aerator 6.80
3 Condensate return from hot well -NA-
4 Make up DM water addition from DM Plant 14.80
5 Flow from de - aerator 6.80
2.11.5.2 Material balance - Sugar and cogeneration unit
Note: Material balance based on the following
1) Bagasse produced -- 30 % cane crushed
2) Sugar produced -- 12% recovery
3) Press mud produced -- 4% of cane crushed
4) Molasses produced -- 4% of cane crushed
Fig 2.16 Mass balance for 7500 TCD sugar unit and 30 MW/Hr cogeneration unit
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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2.12 Distillery Section
2.12.1 Fermentation
Molasses, diluted with water to the desired concentration is metered continuously
into a single tank fermenter. Additives like urea (in the form of pellets or prills) and
defoaming oil are also introduced in the fermenter as required. There is an automatic
foam level sensing and dosing system for defoaming oil.
Every Kilogram of alcohol produced, generates about 290 Kcal of heat. This excess
heat is removed by continuous circulation of fermenting wash through an external
plate heat exchanger called the Fermenter Cooler. The fermenter temperature is
always maintained between 32 and 35 deg. C, the range optimum for efficient fermentation.
The yeast for the fermentation is initially (i.e. during start-up of the plant) developed
in the Propagation Section described further on. Once propagated, a viable cell
population of about 500 million cells/ml is maintained by yeast recycling and continuous
aeration of the fermenter. Fluctuations in the yeast count of +/- 20 % have
little effect on the overall fermenter productivity. Yeast cell vitality which is usually
above 70% may, in times of stress, (such as prolonged shut-downs) drop to50%
without affecting the fermentation.
Fermented wash passes through a series of hydro cyclones (one to three or more in
number depending on plant capacity), which remove grit, iron filings and similar
heavy particulate matter. This rejected material along with some wash, is taken to the bottom
portion of the wash column for alcohol recovery. The overflow from the first hydro cyclone
is taken a wash tank, also provided with an arrangement to facilitate removal of heavy
settable particulate matter. Overflow from the wash tank is taken to the yeast separator, which
clarifies the wash. The hydro cyclone and the wash tank protect the separator from erosion
damage by removing grit and similar hard particles.
Yeast Recycling: The yeast in the fermented wash is removed as 45 to 55 v/v slurry, and is
returned to the fermenter. This feature ensures that a high yeast cell concentration is achieved
and maintained in the fermenter. By recirculating grown, active yeast, sugar that would have
otherwise been consumed in yeast growth is made available for ethanol production, ensuring
high process efficiency.
Distillation: Clarified or de-yeasted wash flows by gravity to the propagation vessel no. III,
which during continuous production, operates as an intermediate wash tank. From here,
fermented wash is pumped to the wash preheater, which uses vapours from the rectifying
column to preheat wash. Further heating is done in an exchange of heat with weak wash and
spent wash (see flow sheet for primary distillation). Preheated wash then enters the
degasifying column of the distillation section.
Primary Distillation: The CO2 and the degasifying section help remove the CO2 and other
non-condensable entrained in the wash. The wash column is first column in the distillation
section. It is also called the analyser. Wash is boiled in this column with steam either supplied
as live steam from the boiler (after pressure reduction and desuperheating) or from a reboiler
which generates steam by evaporating effluent wash.
Alcohol in wash vaporizes and is carried, along with water vapour, to the top of the wash
column from where it goes to the rectification column. As wash travels down the analyser, it
is progressively 'stripped' of its alcohol content. At a point in the column, where the alcohol
concentration is 0.5 to 1.0 v/v, a portion of the wash is drawn off. This is called weak wash.
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Weak Wash Recycling: Recycling of weak wash helps to maintain the desired level of
dissolved solids in the fermenter, so that an adequately high osmotic pressure is achieved.
Osmotic pressure and the concentration of alcohol in the fermenter, together keep off
infection and minimize sugar losses. Weak wash recycling also reduces the quantity of
effluent spent wash and reduces the process water requirement of the plant.
Spent wash is the wash from which all alcohol has been removed; this emerges from the
bottom of the wash column at about 105 deg C. Some of the heat is recovered to preheat
fermented wash entering the degasifying column. Spent wash may also be passed through a
forced circulation reboiler to generate vapours. This concentrates the effluent and reduces the
volume further.
Propagation: The propagation section is a feeder unit to the fermenter. Yeast, either
Saccharomyeescereviseae or Schizosaccharomyeespombe (the choice being determined by
other process parameters, mainly the downstream effluent treatment system) is grown in 3
stages. The first two stages are designed for aseptic growth. Propagation vessel III develops
the inoculums using pasteurized molasses solution as the medium. This vessel has a dual
function. During propagation, it serves for inoculums build- up. When the fermenter enters
the continuous production mode, Propagation Vessel III is used as an intermediate wash tank.
Propagation is carried out only to start up the process initially or after very long shut-downs
during which the fermenter is emptied.
CO2 Scrubbing and Recovery: The carbon-di-oxide produced during fermentation is
scrubbed with water in packed-bed scrubber, to recover alcohol. The water from the scrubber
is returned to the fermenter. About 1.0 % of the total alcohol production is saved by
scrubbing the fermenter off gas. In plants where it is desired to recover carbon-di-oxide, a
part of the wash is drawn into a separate vessel and is aerated there. This external aeration
allows the recovery of CO2 uncontaminated with air.
Fermentation Parameters (Typical): The pH of the fermenter is maintained between 4.0 &
4.8 usually without addition of any acid. The alcohol concentration is maintained between 7.0
& 7.5 % v/v, unless a highly concentrate effluent is to be produced. To reduce the effluent
volume, the fermenter is operated at a very high dissolved solids level by increasing the
proportion of weak wash recycle. Under these conditions, alcohol concentration is reduced to
between 5.5 to 6.0 % v/v.
Conversion of sugar to ethanol is instantaneous, and the residual sugar concentration is
maintained below 0.2 % w/w as glucose. This usually corresponds to a residual reducing
substances concentration of 2.0 to 2.5 w/w in wash. All the nutrient elements necessary for
yeast growth exist in adequate quantities as impurities in molasses. Occasionally, Nitrogen
may have to be supplemented. Defoaming oil (DFO), say Turkey Red Oil is added to the
fermenter by an automated DFO dosing system, to control foaming. Usually no other
additives are required. Yeast sludge generated from the sludge settling tank will be removed.
Characteristics of yeast sludge are given below;
Table 2.26 Characteristics of Yeast sludge
Sl
no Item
Content
(% by weight)
1 Moisture Content at 100 0 C 4.14
2 Protein Content as 6.25 X N 12.54
3 Acid Insoluble Matter 3.93
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Sl
no Item
Content
(% by weight)
4
Mixed Oxide of Iron and
Aluminium as R2O3 1.23
5 Calcium carbonate as CaCO3 8.89
6 Calcium Sulphate as CaSO4 40.02
7 Calcium Phosphate as Ca3(PO4)2 1.1
8 Magnesium salts Traces
9 Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) 0.57
10 Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) 0.61
Source: MoEF Manual
Flexibility: This process accords tremendous flexibility to the operator. Process conditions
and plant design can be varied to suit individual requirements of alcohol quality, effluent
concentration and characteristics. This unit can give spent wash suitable for use in any
effluent treatment process.
2.12.2 Multi Pressure Vacuum Distillation
After fermentation the next stage in the manufacture of alcohol is to separate alcohol from
fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95% alcohol called as rectified spirit. For this
purpose, distillation process is employed.
Distillation step consumes a considerable amount of energy and is also a deciding factor in
the quality of ethanol produced. Hence, in line with the demand of the industry, efforts have
always been to minimize requirement of energy and to improve the basic quality of alcohol
produced. Ease of operation, reliability, lower down time and flexibility of operations are
other parameters considered during the design.
2.12.2.1 Types of plant design
One is to produce primary quality of alcohol, usually referred to as 'Rectified Spirit'
(R.S.) from the fermented wash. Such plants are also referred to as 'Primary
distillation' plants.
Second is to produce fine quality of spirit usually referred to as 'Extra Neutral
Alcohol' (ENA) starting from R.S. Such plants are also referred to as 'secondary
distillation' plants.
Third is to directly produce fine quality alcohol (ENA) from fermented wash.
Such plants are referred to as 'wash (mash) to ENA' plants, where the two steps
of primary and secondary distillation are combined. Such plants usually have
lower consumption of energy than two separate plants.
Multi-pressure vacuum distillation system for production of Rectified Spirit /ENA consists of
following distillation columns namely;
Degasifying cum analyzer column - Operation under vacuum
Pre-rectification column - Operation under vacuum
Rectification cum Exhaust Column - Operated under pressure
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Recovery column - Operated under atmospheric
Extractive distillation column - Operated under vacuum
Simmering column - Operated under atmospheric
2.12.2.2 Advantages of Pressure Vacuum Distillation
Since the analyzer column operates under vacuum, the formation of by- products such
as acetyl may minimize there by improvement in quality of alcohol.
Pre-rectification column ensure removal of sulphur compounds/mercaptans and also
reduces load of lower boiling volatile compounds passing on to Rectifier cum exhaust
column.
The chances of scaling due to invert solubility of certain precipitating inorganic salts
are minimized in vacuum distillation.
Vacuum distillation requires low steam consumption with reboiler
2.12.2.3 Integrated Multi-products Concept
It is now possible to install a distillation system, which can produce different products. In the
proposed scheme; the production of fuel ethanol has been considered. This allows flexibility
of operation and various products can be manufactured depending on the market demand.
This integrated multi-product system involves less capital investment as compared to
independent system.
In this type of system, switching over from one product to another is quite easy and there is
no chance of contamination of one product with another. The system can work under multi-
pressure principle with few columns operating under vacuum and few under
pressure/atmospheric.
2.12.3 Dehydration of Alcohol
2.12.3.1 Molecular Sieve
The feed (Rectified Spirit), pumped from the storage tanks, is heated through the heat
exchanger by the dehydrated alcohol, then heated RS of 93% to 96% is
fed to the top of the distillation column.
The liquid passes through the distillation column where ethanol is stripped of.
The alcohol free liquid called spent lees is separated and discharged from the
bottom of the distillation column and the ethanol stream, with strength of about
96% by volume, is removed as vapour, at the top section of the distillation column
and feed to the molecular sieve unit after a super heating about 115°C by steam in the
heat exchanger.
Fuel oils are removed from an intermediate point of the column in order to avoid
any risk of flooding of the column and feed to the static settling device where are
separated from the weak water which are recycled to the column.
The distillation column has an operating pressure of about 160 kPa (A) and is
heated with low pressure steam by means of reboiler. This solution shows following
advantages:
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Total recovery of steam condensate which is recycled to the steam boiler at
high temperature with consequent increasing of the efficiency of the reboiler
(higher production of steam per unit of fuel)
Lower cost for softening of demineralization of raw water to be fed to the
boiler as steam condensate does not need any treatment
Lower quantity of still age, potential source of pollution
The super heated ethanol stream removed at the top of the distillation column
feeds one of the two sieve beds is now in regeneration mode.
The second sieve bed when in regeneration mode (under vacuum) and receives
a small amount of vapour from bed working in over pressure. As soon as
regeneration is finished (a regeneration cycle lasts about 5 minutes), an
automatic control system changes the operating conditions of the two sieve beds in
order to have the first sieve bed in regeneration and the second one in dehydration
mode.
The dehydration process releases a vapour ethanol stream with a very small amount of
water (500 p.p.m or less), which is condensed in the condenser cooled in the heat
exchangers and sent to the storage as dehydrated alcohol.
The regeneration process releases a certain amount of absorbed water and
ethanol, which are condensed in the condenser and recycled to the column.
Cooling media of the first cooling step of the dehydrated alcohol (condenser) is
the regeneration stream recycled to the distillation column and cooling media of
the second cooling step of the dehydrated alcohol (condenser) is the fed stock
coming from the storage tanks, which is preheated as herein above described.
Remaining vapours and liquid are condensed and cooled by cooling water in S & T
or P&F heat exchangers. The unit operation is fully automatic and all operations are
governed by logics executed by a PLC Control system.
Table 2.27 Synopsis of fuel ethanol plant operation
Total crushing, lakh MT (average crushing 7500 TCD X 180 days
@100 % capacity)
13.5
Molasses % cane 4.00
Installed capacity of fuel ethanol plant, KLPD 60.00
Working days, Nos 300
Ethanol yield from molasses, Lit/ MT 250
Total molasses required at 100 % capacity utlisation, MT 72000
Own molasses production, MT 54000
Molasses to be procured from outside, MT 18000
Table 2.28 Ethanol plant performance parameters
Sl No Particulars Parameters
1 Plant capacity 60 KLPD of ENA/ RS
2 Alcohol yield
Efficiency depends on- Fermentation efficiency, Distillation
efficiency, Dehydration efficiency
Yield:255-258 lts 96 %v/v alcohol per ton of molasses at 42
% fermentable sugars
261-264 lts 96 %v/v alcohol per ton of molasses at 43 %
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fermentable sugars
3 Technology
Semi continuous fermentation, Multi pressure vacuum
distillation, Molecular sieve dehydration,
Raw spent wash evaporation to 58-60 % concentration
4 Steam usage
Distillation process
1.8 kg/lt of RS (4.68 TPH)
2.8 kg/lt of ENA (7.56 TPH)
Dehydration section :
0.5 kg/lt (1.25 TPH)
Evaporation section
2.3 kg/kg of evaporation (6.2 TPH)
5 Electricity usage
200 kW - Fermentation; 100 kW-Distillation; 60 kW -
dehydration; 500 kW- Cooling tower; 320 kW - Evaporator;
100 kW - CPU; 25 kW- Ethanol Storage
6 Spent wash Spent wash generation: 480 KL/d; Spent wash after
evaporation: 6.1 T/hr
2.12.3.2 Specifications of the products
Table 2.29 Superfine Extra Neutral Alcohol Specifications
Sr.
No
Component Unit ENA Grade Limit Offered Performance
(minimum)
1. Ethanol @ 15 deg C % V/V 96.3 Minimum 96.3% V/V
2. Aldehydes as
Acetaldehyde
PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
3. Methanol PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
4. N-Propanol & Iso-
Propanol
PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
5. Butanol PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
6. Acids as Acetic acid PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
7. Esters as Ethyl Acetate PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
8. Diacetyl PPM 0.03 Maximum <=0.03 PPM
9. 2,3 Pentene dione PPM 0.06 Maximum <=0.06 PPM
10. Volatile Nitrogen PPM 1 Maximum <=1 PPM
11. Furfural PPM Nil Nil
12. Lead PPM Nil Nil
13. Copper PPM Nil Nil
14. Dry extract PPM Negligible Not detectable
15. Permanganate Test Time -
ENA
Minutes 40 Min Minimum 40 to 45 Min
16. Permanganate Test Time -
RS
Minutes 30 Min Minimum 30 to 35 Min
Table 2.30 Absolute Alcohol (Ethanol) Specification
Sr.
No Description Contents Method
1. Specific Gravity at 15.60 C / 15.60 C 0.7949
2. Ethanol content at 15.60 C 99.8% by volume
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Sr.
No Description Contents Method
3. Miscibility with water Miscible
IS 321 - 1964
4. Alkalinity Nil
5. Acidity as CH3COOH 0.0011% by weight
6. Residue on evaporation 0.003% by weight
7. Aldehyde content as CH3CHO <0.006 g/100Ml
8. Ester content as CH3COOC2H5 0.02 g/100Ml
9. Copper as Cu <0.0004 g/100ml
10. Lead as Pb <0.0001 g/100ml
12. Methanol content Passes the test
13. Fusel oil Content Passes the test
14. Ketones, isopropyl alcohol and tertiary
butyl alcohol
Passes the test
15. SO2 Not detected
16. Water content 0.224% by volume Karl Fisher
titration
Table 2.31 Impure Spirit
1. Specific Gravity at 15.6 Deg. C. Maximum 0.8171
2. Maximum Alcohol Strength 99.6% V/V
3. Percent by Volume at 15.6 Deg.C 95% V/V
4. Degrees over-proof 66
5. Miscibility with water Miscible
6. Alkalinity Nil
7. Acidity as acetic acid, percent by weight 0.01 (100 ppm)
8. Residue on evaporation, percent by weight 0.01 (100 ppm)
9. Aldehydes as acetaldehydes g/ml 0.1 (1000 ppm)
10. Esters as ethyl acetate g/ml --
11. Copper, as Cu, g/ml --
12. Lead, as Pb, g/ml --
13. Methyl Alcohol --
14. Fusel Oil --
15. Furfal --
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Fig 2.17 Process flow diagram - Distillery section
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Fig 2.18 Process flow diagram - Distillery section
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2.12.4 Mass Balance for distillery section
Fig 2.19 Material Balance- Distillery section
2.13 Spent wash Treatment and power generation using
incineration boiler
The generated spent wash of 480 KL/day will be stored in the impervious storage lagoon of
capacity 7500 KL (50 m X 32 m X 4.5 m) (15 day storage). The pond is lined with HDPE
sheet of 250 micron thick and stone soling was carried out to prevent seepage/percolation.
Table 2.32 Characteristics of Spent wash
Sl no Characteristics Range
1 pH 4.3-5.3
2 Total solids, mg/l 60,000-90,000
3 Total suspended solids (TSS) , mg/l 2,000-14,000
4 Total Dissolved so solids(TDS), mg/l 67,000-73,000
5 Total Volatile solids (TVS), mg/l 45000-65000
6 COD, mg/l 70000-98000
7 BOD, mg/l 45000-60000
8 Total nitrogen (N), mg/l 1000-1200
9 Potash as (K2O), mg/l 5000-12000
10 Phosphate as( PO4), mg/l 500-1500
11 Sodium as (Na), mg/l 150-200
12 Chloride as (Cl), mg/l 5000-8000
13 Sulphate as (SO4), mg/l 2000-5000
14 Acidity as (CaCO3), mg/l 8000-16000
15 Temperature (After heat Exchange) 70oC-80
oC
Source: COINDS for Fermentation Industry, CPCB
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Spent wash generated from manufacturing process of 60 KLD distillery will be
concentrated using MEE & this concentrated spent wash will be incinerated in
incineration boiler.
Multi Effect Evaporator will be installed
2.13.1 Incineration
The spent wash which is generated after recovery of alcohol from the distillery is a highly
pollutant liquid which will cause great pollution to receiving body like land or water. Hence
this needs to be taken care. The latest technology developed to achieve the zero discharge is
spent wash incineration boiler. This is a specially designed boiler which will burn the
concentrated spent wash along with the bagasse as supporting fuel. The ratio of this spent
wash to bagasse is 60: 40.
In this specially designed boiler after burning the spent wash we can generate the steam
which is required to run the distillery. In turn, we can save bagasse up to some extent. The
calorific value of the concentrated spent wash is 1700 K Cal/ kg. Hence this special
technology helps us in achieving zero discharge of spent wash. The air pollution causing
from this boiler is also very minimum and ESP can be used as air pollution control equipment
to achieve SPM <100µgm/Nm3. The ash collected from the ESP will be utilized as manure.
This technology helps us in generating steam, power and most important is achieving zero
discharge of spent wash.
2.13.2 Salient Features of 22 TPH Incineration boiler
Table 2.33 The proposed 22 TPH Boiler features
Capacity Pressure Temperature Qty Type
22 TPH 40 kg/cm2 440
0C 1
60 % concentrated Spent
wash and 40 % bagasse fired
boiler
The construction of the boiler is such that the fouling potential is minimized through
multi- pass design.
The boiler is designed such that it is easily maintainable.
The convective section of the boiler (consisting of Economizer, Superheater and
Evaporator) are of vertical tubes.
A Steam Coil Air Preheater is provided to preheat combustion air. This is required to
maintain the bed from quenching.
Deep Fluidized bed construction to improve combustion efficiency.
Fluidized bed combustor ensures complete combustion.
Special On-line cleaning devices are provided.
The boiler will need off-line cleaning once in 30 days of operation. The cleaning will
include the water wall, super-heater, evaporator and economizer section. The total
time required will be 2-3 days. The cleaning frequency and duration is an estimated
one, and will be decided based on the actual operating parameters condition.
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Fig 2.20 Typical Boiler Schematic
Table 2.34 Technical parameters considered for design
Sl. No. Description UOM Value
1. Spent wash concentration % solids 55
2. Spent wash quantity- concentrated TPH 6.1
3. GCV of spent wash for given concentration Kcal/kg 1700
4. Approximate Quantity of Support bagasse
required Mt/hr 3.1
5. GCV of bagasse Kcal/kg 2270
6. Minimum ash content in bagasse % wt / wt 1
7. Gross steam generation @ MSSV outlet Kg/hr 22,000
8. Pressure at MSSV outlet Kg/cm2(g) 40
9. Temperature at MSSV outlet °C 440 +/- 5
10. Start-up fuel --- Char Coal mixed
with diesel
Table 2.35 Turbine design parameters
Description Capacity
Turbine type Bleed cum Back pressure type
Rating of turbine 3 MW/Hr
Boiler steam parameters
Pressure kg/cm2(g) 42
Temperature (0 C) 400 ±5
0 C
Turbine back pressure 3.5 kg/cm2 (g)
Steam flow at turbine stop valve (max)
During season
100 (Steam required for process house as well as for
deaerator of new boiler will be taken from this exhaust)
Steam pressure at each turbine stop 40
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valve (kg/cm2(g))
Steam temperature at turbine stop valve
(0C)
400 ± 5
Power factor 0.8
Generation voltage (V) 440
Turbine exhaust will be @ 3.5kg/cm2 (g) and 150 ±5 deg C which will be used for process
house requirements.
Fig 2.21 Material balance and flow chart of working of Incineration boiler for the
generation of power
2.13.3 Characteristics of incineration boiler ash
Table 2.36 Characteristics of incineration boiler ash
Sl No Parameter Percentage (%)
1 Silica (SiO2) 20-22
2 Iron Oxide (FeO3) 1.5-2.0
3 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 8.0-8.5
4 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 7.0-6.5
5 Sulphates (SO4) 8.0-8.5
6 Phosphates as P2O5 1.5-1.8
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Sl No Parameter Percentage (%)
7 Potassium as K2O 43-44
8 Sodium Oxides (NaO2) 2.5-3.0
9 Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) 0.06-0.08
10 Titanium Oxide 0.01-0.0168
Chloride (Cl-) 5.5-6.5
2.14 CO2 recovery from fermentation section
CO2 Recovery Plant takes CO2 gas from the fermentation process passes through a series of
purification processes namely - a stainless steel CO2 foam trap to separate the gas, a
deodorizer. At the same time, CO2 with a very high degree of purity is indispensable for the
production process in a modern brewery. With CO2 recovery plants efficient carbon dioxide
treatment: maximum purity with lowest O2 content and maximum yield will be achieved.
In several steps the carbon dioxide gas is purified thoroughly, so that it complies even with
the strict demands of the brewing industry. From the fermentation tanks the CO2 is first led to
the foam separator. In this stage, the foam entrained from the fermentation tanks is separated.
Through low-pressure gas storage balloon the gas flows into the gas scrubber, where it is
cleaned by counter flow of water. In the gas scrubber water-soluble impurities and aerosols
are absorbed from the carbon dioxide.
2.15 Facilities Provided to Labour 2.15.1 During construction phase: First Aid: At work place, first aid facilities will be maintained at a readily accessible place
where necessary appliances including sterilized cotton wool etc. Ambulance will be kept at
the site and made available at workplace to take injured person to the nearest hospital.
Potable Water: Sufficient supply of water fit for drinking will be provided at suitable places.
Sanitary Facility: Sanitary facilities will be provided at accessible place within the work
zone and kept in a good condition. The contractor will conform to requirement of local
medical and health authorities at all times. 10 No's toilets, 5 Bathrooms and sewage treatment
by septic tank (18 KL capacity with 3m X 2 m X 3m) & 1 No's soak pits (1.5m dia X 3 m
depth) will be provided.
Canteen: The canteen will be provided for the benefit of workers.
Security: HSL will provide necessary security to work force in co-ordination with State
authorities.
2.15.2 During operational phase:
Apart from the above company will provide residential facilities to the essential workers and
staff. Most of the workers come from nearby villages. A total of 10 quarters will be provided
for the operation phase. These quarters will be provided with all the civic amenities.
No. of residential quarters: 10
Total number of Persons can reside in quarters: 50
Facilities of truck drivers: Rest rooms, Wash rooms, safe drinking water will be
provided.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction
The baseline environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone
for various components of the environment, viz. air, noise, water, land socio-economic, land
use and biological components. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during
1stOctober 2017 to 31
stDecember, 2017 in a study area of 10 Km radial distance from the
project site. Route map of the project site is given in Fig 3.1
Fig 3.1 Route map of the project site
Knowledge of baseline environmental status of the study area is useful for Impact
Assessment Process of assessing and predicting the environmental consequences of the
significant actions. Significant action depicts direct adverse changes caused by the action and
its effect on the health of the biota including flora, fauna and human being, socio-economic
conditions, current use of land and resources, physical and cultural heritage properties and
biophysical surroundings. Baseline data generation of the following environmental attributes
is essential in EIA studies.
1. Physical Environment
The components of physical environment discussed in this section includes,
Land Environment
Climate and Meteorology
Ambient Air Quality
Ambient Noise levels
3
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Geology, Minerals and Hydrology
Surface and Groundwater quality
2. Biological Environment
3. Social Environment
3.2 Baseline Data
i) Primary data Secondary data collected for various environmental aspects as given
below:
Table 3.1 Baseline Environmental Data collection
Environmental
Parameters Locations Source
Air Quality 8 locations Primary
Meteorology 1 location Primary (site specific)
Water 9 locations Primary
Soil 7 locations Primary
Noise 8 locations Primary
Ecology Study Area Primary and Secondary
Geology and Hydrology Study Area Primary and Secondary
Land use Study area Primary and Secondary
Socio-Economic Study Area Primary and Secondary
ii) Secondary data were collected from published sources and Government agencies
such as Survey of India, National Remote Sensing, Census department, Forest
Department, IMD, Central Groundwater Board reports, etc.,
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Table 3.2 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring
Sl.No Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Approach for the study
Physical environment
1. Soil Physico chemical
parameters
Once during the study period at
Seven locations.
Identification of Soil types, soil status using
secondary data
Identification of soil sampling locations
Collection and analysis of soil samples, by
Jakson (1968), Black (1982) and USDA (1972).
Interpretation of results
2 Land use Trend of land use change Satellite imagery of the study
Collection of toposheets and satellite imageries
for the study area
Processing of satellite imageries by using ARC
GIS 9.2 and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 tools for
generation of various thematic maps
Interpretation of thematic maps to obtain landuse
land cover statistics
3 Ambient Air
Quality
As per NAAQ Standards,
2009
24 hourly for all the parameters
except CO and O3 which is
monitored hourly basis twice a
week for three month at eight
locations.
Designing of AAQM network as per BIS/CPCB
guidelines
AAQM monitoring as per NAAQ standards -
2009, CPCB, New Delhi
Analysis of the results using CPCB &IS:5182
Interpretation of results as per AQI, CPCB, New
Delhi
4 Meteorology
Solar Radiation (Watt / sq.
m), Relative Humidity (%),
Temperature (°C), Rainfall
(mm), Wind Direction
(Deg), Wind Gust (km/hr),
Wind Speed (km/hr) and
Dew Point (°C).
Continuous monitoring station
for three months.
Collection of secondary IMD data for the nearest
station (Belagavi)
Installation of weather monitoring station at site
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Sl.No Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Approach for the study
5 Noise levels Leq Day time & Leq Night
time
Continuous recording per
minute interval for 24 hours
per location at eight stations
once in the study period.
Selection of Ambient Noise level monitoring
locations as per Ambient Noise Level
Monitoring, CPCB, New Delhi Protocol
Ambient Noise level monitoring
Interpretation of results as per Noise (Regulation
and Control) rules - 2000, MoEF, GoI
6 Water quality Physical, Chemical and
Bacteriological
Once during the study period at
nine locations.
Identification of sampling locations
Collection, preservation and Transportation of
samples as per CPCB guidelines
Analysis of water samples as per BIS, USEPA
and APHA guidelines
Interpretation of results as per BIS and CPCB
7 Geology
Geological study based on
field investigations in the
study area
Once during the study period
Identification of Geology, characteristics and
economic mineral deposits of the study area
8 Hydrology
Drainage area and pattern,
nature of streams, aquifer
characteristics of the area
Based on field studies in
the study area.
Once during the study period
Collection of reports from CGWB, GSI and
national Hydrograph
Site investigation for assessment of
Groundwater, resources quality and potential
Delineation of drainage pattern
Conducting hydrogeological surveys, Depth to
water level and Water table elevation surveys
Groundwater quality analysis using BIS
standards
Biological Environment
9 Ecology Flora, Fauna, Avi-fauna
(Terrestrial)
Through field visit during the
Study period once and
substantiated through
secondary sources (Forest
Department).
Collection of forest working plan, Gazetteer,
published literature for the study area
Discussion with forest officials and local people
Identification of sampling locations
Quadrate method for collection of flora
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Sl.No Attribute Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Approach for the study
Transact method for collection of fauna and
point count method for collection of avi - fauna
data
Identification of Conservation status of flora and
fauna by using IUCN, BSI and wildlife
schedules
Assessment of Phyto - sociological parameters -
frequency, density, species richness, species
diversity
Interpretation of results
Social Environment
10 Socio economic
aspects
Based on primary data
collected from socio
economic survey done
carried out in the study area
and secondary data
collected from official
websites and also from
District Census Handbook,
Belagavi
Once during the study period
Collection on census data and other literatures
Discussion with Project Proponent
Delineation of Demographic profile, Literacy,
Occupation status, infrastructure facilities
available, health status, religion and caste,
cultural properties of the study area
Rapid Rural appraisal method
Questionnaire survey and community
consultations
CSR Budget Estimation
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3.3 Land Environment
3.3.1 Land use
These Survey of India (SOI) topographic sheets of 48 M/1, 48 M/2, 48 I/13, 48 I/14of
1:50,000 scale and satellite image IRS LISS III (PAN merged) geocoded data of 1:10,000
scale for the year 2016 has been used for the study. The IRS data was visually and digitally
interpreted by using the image interpretation elements (such as tone, texture, shape, pattern,
association etc.) and Arc GIS software was used for processing, analysis and integration of
spatial data to reach the objectives of the study. Adequate field checks were made before
finalization of the thematic maps. It has been carried out using Arc GIS software.
3.3.1.1 Approach and Methods
High resolution satellite imageries from Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre
(KSRSAC) Bengaluru were obtained and land use maps for 10 km radius showing
settlements, water bodies, vegetation etc were then prepared. Geocoded False Colour
Composite scene of IRS-IC LISS III with PAN merged data on 1:10,000 scale coinciding
with Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet is used to prepare land use and land cover mapping
and to prepare contour mapping to the present study.
For the purpose of study of land use/land cover ARC GIS 9.2 and ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1 are
powerful tools for extracting the land use, land cover layers, from SOI toposheets and
satellite imageries. The land use/land cover classes include agriculture land, aquaculture
tanks, settlements, drains etc. This classification and methodology is performed based on the
standard methodology. Later Change Detection methodology was done for the images to find
out the changes that have taken place in the study area using ERDAS IMAGINE 9.1. The
feature classes were identified based on the visual interpretation of the satellite imagery
coupled with field checks. These datasets were digitized and analyzed to obtain land use/land
cover statistics for the areas under each of these categories. The land use details of the study
area are given below;
Table 3.3 Details of the land use of study area
Sl No LULC Area Sq
Km %
1 Agricultural Plantation 0.02 0.01
2 Built-up 10.31 3.03
3 Crop-Land 296.30 87.01
4 Eucalyptus Plantation 0.30 0.09
5 Land with/without scrub 10.47 3.07
6 Other Forest Plantation 0.10 0.03
7 Scrub Land 0.05 0.01
8 Water body 22.99 6.75
Total 340.53 100.00
3.3.1.2 Inference
Majority of the project buffer area (Outside the industrial premises) is crop land followed by
water body and land with/without scrub area. It also includes small proportion of built-up,
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barren rocky and plantations. The ground truth survey revealed that majority of the farmers
cultivates Sugar cane. The land use types as per the satellite data were given above table. The
land use of study area reveals that majority of the area is crop land (87.01 %) followed by
water body (6.75 %).
Fig 3.2 Satellite imagery map of the study area (10Km radius)
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Fig 3.3 Land use map of the study area (10Km radius)
3.3.2 Soil Characteristics
3.3.2.1 Soil Resource
The soils of the region can broadly be classified into red soils and black soils. These soils
vary in depth and texture, depending on the parent rock type, physiographic settings and
climatic conditions. By and large, black soils predominates the Deccan Trap terrain and the
red soils are found in the South-Western and South-Eastern part of the district in gneissic
terrain.
3.3.2.2 Soil sampling and analysis methods
A total of seven locations were selected based on geology and soil types for sampling, which
includes three from core (within industrial premises) and four from buffer area (Outside the
industrial premises) respectively. The samples have been analyzed for physico-chemical
parameters. The details of the Soil Sampling, latitudes and longitudes, land use and distance
from the study area are given in table 3.4 and Fig. 3.3
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Fig 3.4 Photographs showing Soil sampling in the study area
In each sampling location, two kg of soil samples were collected in polythene bags using
augur and core cutter and sent to the MoEF recognized and NABL accredited EHSRDC
laboratory for analysis. The soil samples were collected over a depth of 10cm that represents
the top soil layer. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed using Jackson (1968),
Black (1982) and USDA (1972) methods. Organic carbon is estimated by treating a known
weight of soil with an excess of acid dichromates and monitoring the proportionate blue
green colour of the chromate ions developed. Nitrogen which is readily available to the plants
in the form of ammonium ions, referred to as minerisable nitrogen, is estimated by a direct
Kjeldahl-distillation of the ammonium sulphate formed. Cation exchange capacity is
estimated using ammonium acetate solution as extract.
Available phosphorous is estimated by Bray’s extraction procedure. For particle size analysis,
the soil organic matter is oxidized by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, particles dispersed
with alkaline hexametaphosphate, the medium, fine and very fine sands wet-sieved out on
standard sieves, and silt and clay estimated following their settling rates as per the procedures
recommended by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSSLP).
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Fig 3.5 Location of Soil Sampling Stations
Table 3.4 Details of soil sampling locations
Sampling
Station Code
Name of the sampling
station
Distance (km) and
Direction Latitude and Longitude
S1 Project site West 15°43'12.31"N
75° 03‘32.62"E
S2 Project site East 15°43'13.21"N
75° 03‘46.42"E
S3 Project site South 15°43‘7.74"N
75° 03'38.28"E
S4 Karikatti 3.45 (NW) 15°43'55.04"N
75° 01'34.97"E
S5 Saundatti 6.25 (NE) 15°45‘48.18"N
75° 06‘20.43"E
S6 Hire Ulligeri 6.14 (SE) 15°40‘07.29"N
75° 05‘18.78"E
S7 Chika Ulligeri 6.10 (SE) 15°39'45.56"N
75° 04'17.98"E
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Table 3.5 Soil Quality Analysis
Sl. No Parameters Unit Project site
West Project site
East Project site
South Kari katti
Village Saundatti
Village Hire Ulligeri
Chika Ulligeri
1. Colour - Black Black Black Black Black Black Black
2. Texture - Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam
3. Organic Matter Percent 1.44 1.24 1.34 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.44
4. Bulk Density g/cc 1.34 1.35 1.68 1.20 1.40 1.59 1.18
5. Moisture Content Percent 1.35 2.74 1.90 2.74 3.57 4.31 3.0
6. pH - 9.50 9.40 9.50 8.89 9.80 9.50 8.77
7. Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 180.0 82.6 158.4 158.7 207 162.1 138.8
8. Magnesium meq/l 2.4 3.2 2.6 4.8 2.2 6.0 2.8
9. Calcium meq/l 49.8 57.2 57.4 49 58 51.8 54.2
10. Sodium Absorption Ratio - 17.78 17.98 11.66 10.77 22.25 10.21 8.04
11. Chlorides meq/l 3.76 2.82 3.29 3.76 4.23 2.82 4.23
12. Sodium mg/100gm 209.00 227.38 146.99 128.61 229.67 126.32 98.76
13. Organic Carbon Percent 0.84 0.72 0.78 0.96 0.90 0.90 0.84
14. Available Potassium mg/100gm 39.90 47.88 41.90 59.85 49.88 59.85 95.77
15. Available Phosphorus Kg/ha 94.51 71.52 79.19 68.97 84.29 120.06 53.64
16. Sand Percent 36.96 42.96 38.96 34.96 42.96 40.96 38.96
17. Available Nitrogen Kg/ha 220.71 156.73 174.20 147.14 155.04 163.07 151.81
18. Silt Percent 37.28 25.28 33.28 39.28 27.28 31.28 31.28
19. Clay Percent 25.76 31.76 27.76 25.76 29.76 27.76 29.76
20. Soil Salinity µS/cm 189 70.6 161 140 210.6 158.6 120.6
21. Boron mg/100gm BDL 0.47 6.19 BDL 7.33 BDL BDL
22. Sulphate mg/100gm 0.20 0.40 0.26 0.40 1.61 6.38 0.33
23. Zinc mg/kg 31.6 26.2 80.2 35.7 29.3 33.30 23.3
24. Manganese mg/kg 640 560.1 601 519.2 699 644.5 561.6
25. Copper mg/kg 22.8 19.8 21.8 22.4 22.5 23.60 19.7
Note: ND - Not detected
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3.3.2.3Inference
3.3.2.3.1 Results of soil quality analysis
a) Soil pH
pH of soil mainly depends on the soil water ratio. It is observed that pH of the soil samples in
the study area ranged between 8.77 and 9.80. The lowest pH value of 8.77 was found at Chikka
Ulligeri village and the maximum pH of 9.80 was observed in Saundatti village. The average
pH value during the study period is 9.33. The soil in the study area is alkaline in nature.
Fig 3.6 pH in soil samples
b) Electrical conductivity (EC)
Electrical Conductivity as the measure of current carrying capacity gives a clear picture of the
amount of soluble salts present in the soil. The EC values of the soil samples varied from
82.6μS/cm to 207 μS/cm. The highest value of EC was observed at Project site east whereas the
lowest EC value of 207μS/cm was observed in the soil sample collected near Saundatti village.
Fig 3.7 EC in soil samples
8.28.48.68.89
9.29.49.69.810
Results
Sampling location
pH
0
50
100
150
200
250
µS
/cm
Electrical Conductivity µS/cm
Electrical Conductivity µS/cm
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c) Salinity:
Based on the electrical conductivity of the soil, soil salinity can be classified into four classes:
Water class Electrical conductivity
( µs/cm at 25˚ C)
Approximate salt
concentration
Class - I - Low salinity 0 to 250 <0.16
Class - II - Medium salinity 250 to 750 0.16 to 0.50
Class - III - High salinity 750 to 2250 0.50 to 1.50
Class - IV - Very High salinity 2250 to 5000 1.5 to 3
CI water is considered as safe without any salinity problems.
CII When used for irrigation, moderate leaching is required.
CIII and CIV cannot be used on soils with inadequate drainage, since salinity develops.
In the study area, all the samples are under the category of Class-I, this indicates that the soil
samples are under low salinity. This indicates that the water is considered as safe without any
salinity problems for Sugarcane growers.
d) Organic Carbon (OM)
Organic matter in the soil was oxidized with a mixture of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and
concentrated H2SO4, in accordance with the standard procedure.
Fig 3.8 Organic Carbon in soil samples
Table 3.6 Organic carbon percent in soil samples
Percentage organic carbon Rating
<0.40 Low
0.4 to 0.75 Medium
>0.75 High
In the study area, it was observed that the percent organic carbon was found in High rating.
Therefore most of the samples in the area appear to possess high content of percent organic
carbon, which indicates that the farmers are maintaining their lands with optimum level of
0.840.72
0.78
0.960.9 0.9
0.84
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Results (%)
Organic Carbon (%)
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nutrients by applying sufficient quantity of green manure and farm yard manure to get higher
yield of crops.
e) Available Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient available in the soil of the biological
systems, which covers more than 1% of the dry organic weight. Generally Plants are dependent
on inorganic phosphorus especially in the form of phosphate ions, whereas organic phosphates
are also important sources of phosphorus in almost all types of soils.
Sl. No Grade Concentration
1 Low phosphorus Less than 12.4 Kg/ha
2 Medium phosphorus 12.4 to 22.4 Kg/ha
3 Adequate phosphorus More than 22.4 Kg/ha
4 Abundant phosphorus Still higher
Soil of the study area were observed with abundant of phosphorous in the range of 53.64 –
120.06 Kg/ha.
f) Colour
Soil colour is one of the visual judgment through which the soil type can be classified. The soil
colour may vary from region to region or spatially. Soil derives its colour from the source of
the material. However, the colour may also vary due to,
Soil forming process
Moisture content and drainage
Nature and amount of organic matter
Mineral sources
In the study area, the soil samples have shown similarity in colour. The colour of samples
indicated that majority of the samples were Black. This indicates that, the soils are rich in
organic content.
g) Particle size distribution
The soil particle size is major parameter and a relative proportion of the soil particles of various
sizes are an important physical parameter, which emphasizes the texture of soil of a particular
region. Larger particle size helps in providing the physical support to the plants, while smaller
particles encourage the soil to hold water and availability of nutrients. As per the International
System of Classification, the range of the particle sizes in the soil is as under:
Sl.No. Category Particle Size
1 Coarse sand 0.2 to 2.0 mm
2 Fine sand 0.02 to 0.2 mm
3 Silt 0.002 to 0.02 mm
4 Clay <0.002mm
Based on the above classification, soil in the study area have particle density of <0.002 mm and
have Clay loam texture.
h) Available Nitrogen
Nitrogen is one among the four primary elements essential for the plant tissues. It is the major
component of proteins, nucleic acids and chlorophyll. Nitrogen is having a major role in
maintaining the fertility of the soil and nitrogen content in almost all the soils are observed to
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be very low and is found as nitrates, nitrite and ammonium. Plants are more dependent upon
nitrate nitrogen, during the aerobic conditions and ammonia nitrogen during anaerobic
conditions.Nitrogen range was found to be 147.14 Kg/Ha in Karikatti village to 220.71 Kg/Ha
at Project site west. This indicates Nitrogen values were low in the study area.
Sl. No Quantity of nitrogen Rating
1 < 272 Kg/ha Low
2 272 to 554 Kg/ha Medium
3 > 554 Kg/ha High
Fig 3.9 Available Nitrogen in soil samples
i) Soil moisture
Soil moisture content is having a major contribution to vary the process and also one of the
important factors affecting nitrification. In water logged, areas soil suppresses the process of
nitrification because of deficient oxygen. However, it is totally different in the case of dry soils.
As in the case of present study area in the soils, there is enough moisture for the process of
bacterial metabolism and such soils posses’ higher rate of biosynthesis of nitrogen which also
contribute to fertility of the soil. Soil moisture in the study area varies from 1.35% to 4.31%.
Fertility Status of soils: Based on the results and nutrient indices, it is possible to classify
nutrient status of the particular area and classify each nutrient level i.e., low, medium or high
based on a rating chart, which was made use of while rating the soil analysis results, as follows:
Table 3.7 Rating Chart for Soil Test values and their Nutrient Indices
0
50
100
150
200
250
Results (Kg/H
a)
Available Nitrogen (Kg/Ha)
1. Soil pH
Acidity Neutral Alkaline
Range Below 6 6-8 Above 8
Soil Reaction Index I II III
2. Electrical Conductivity
Normal Critical Injurious
Range (µmhos/cm) below 1000 1000-2000 above 2000
Salt index I II III
3. Organic Carbon
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The nutrient index values are evaluated for the soil samples analyzed using the following
formula:
Nutrient Index= [(1x No. of samples in low category) + (2 x No. Samples in medium
category) + (3 x No. of samples in high category)] / Total number of samples. The values are:
Characteristics Nutrient index Remarks
Organic carbon (OC) 2.42 High
Available Phosphorus (P) 3 High
Available potash (K) 1 Low
From the overall results of physico-chemical analysis of the soil samples, it is observed that,
the soil pH values range between 8.77 and 9.80 and all values belong to soil reaction index-III,
which shows that the soils of the study area are alkaline range. Whereas, organic carbon
content of soil samples were observed to be in the range from 0.72 to 0.96 percent. As per the
nutrient index, soil samples have high organic carbon content due optimum application of
organic manure by the farmers in the cane area.
3.4 Air Environment: Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is a useful tool for the
interpretation of the baseline condition as well as for the input to predictive models for air
quality modeling and dispersion studies. Historical data on meteorological parameters also
plays an important role in identifying the general meteorological status of the region.
Secondary meteorological data is obtained from IMD for Belagavi.
3.4.1 Temperature
Temperature of Belagavi was ranging from 20°C-24°C during year 1995 - 2013. However,
highest mean temperature in the month recorded in April was 36.4°C in 2014. From November
to January, both day and night temperatures begin to decrease rapidly. January is generally the
coldest month, with mean temperature of 14.2°C. During the post-monsoon season,
temperatures remain between 15.5°C to 29.9°C. In winter season, temperatures remain between
14.2°C to 31.5°C.
Low Medium High
Range (%) Below 0.5 0.5-0.75 Above 0.75
Nutrient index I II III
4. Available Phosphorus
Low Medium High
Range (Kg/ha) Below 22 22-54 Above 54
Nutrient index I II III
5. Available Potassium
Low Medium High
Range (Kg/ha) Below 123 123-296 Above 296
Nutrient index I II III
6 Nutrient Index
Nutrient Index Range Remarks (OC, N, P, K)
I Below 1.67 Low
II 1.67-2.33 Medium
III Above 2.33 High
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3.4.2 Rainfall
The climate of the district is hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle of the February to end
of May. Post monsoon is during October and November. Cold season is from December to
middle of February. The average rainfall in 2014 is 967.5mm
Table 3.8 Meteorological data from 1995 - 2013
Year
Mean station
Pressure
hPa
Mean sea level
pressure,
hPa
Mean Dry bulb
Temperature,
oC
Mean Wet Bulb
temperature,
oC
Mean dew point
temperature,
oC
Mean Relative
Humidity,
%
Mean vapour
pressure,
hPa
Total rainfall
from
03UTC observation
1995 928.3 1011.1 22.6 19.2 17.0 71.8 20.1 6.3
1996 928.0 1010.7 23.0 19.1 16.5 69.4 19.5 11.9
1997 929.1 1012.2 22.1 19.2 17.2 75.3 20.3 0.0
1998 926.8 1009.7 22.0 20.0 18.7 82.1 22.2 0.0
1999 928.1 1011.5 20.5 18.1 16.4 78.6 19.3 0.0
2000 927.4 1010.6 21.0 18.3 16.5 76.4 19.4 0.0
2001 927.9 1011.0 21.7 19.0 17.3 76.8 20.3 0.0
2002 928.7 1011.7 22.1 18.9 16.9 73.1 19.8 0.0
2003 928.3 1011.0 22.9 18.7 15.8 66.7 18.7 0.0
2004 928.6 1011.5 22.3 17.9 14.7 65.3 17.5 8.5
2005 928.9 1011.6 23.3 17.6 13.6 56.7 16.4 0.0
2012 926.8 1009.1 23.6 21.2 20.0 81.0 23.7 10.1
2013 926.3 1008.4 24.4 20.4 18.0 70.5 21.3 52.2
Source: IMD, Pune
Table 3.9 Meteorological data of Belagavi District, 2014
Max, 0C Min, 0C
Avg Wind speed,
kmph RF, cm
Jan 29.7 14.2 7.4 0
Feb 31.5 14.7 6.1 1.1
Mar 34.5 17.3 6.6 18.9
Apr 36.4 20.3 6.5 28.2
May 34 20.7 7.2 169.7
June 30.5 20.9 11 115.5
July 27 20.3 10.7 350.1
Aug 27.2 20.1 7.8 163.5
Sept 28.4 19.6 7.8 68.3
Oct 29.9 18.8 5.1 157.6
Nov 29 15.5 5.8 72.2
Dec 28.4 14.5 5.9 15.9
Source: IMD
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Hour: 0300 UTC
September October November December
Hour: 1200 UTC
September October November December
Year: 1971-2000
Place: Belgaum (Sambre Airport)
Source: IMD, Bangalore
Based on the windrose diagram, history data shows maximum windblown during October was
from West, November and December was from East. Hence monitoring stations were selected
at both East and West Directions.
3.4.3 Meteorological data monitored at site for the study period
The meteorological factors affect a range of
atmospheric characteristics and dispersal of
pollutants. These factors and their frequent
changes control the gravity and intensity of air
pollution in an area and cause seasonal variations
in horizontal as well as vertical distribution and
fate of respective pollutants. The essential
meteorological parameters are wind speed, wind
direction, ambient air temperature, relative
humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure and
mixing height.
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Meteorological monitoring was carried out at project site during October 2017 to December
2017. Watchdog 2900 ET was installed at site which records Solar Radiation (Watt / sq. m),
Relative Humidity (%), Temperature (°C), Rainfall (mm), Wind Direction (Deg), Wind Gust
(Km/hr), Wind Speed (Km/hr) and Dew Point (°C). Monthly average meteorological data are
presented below;
Fig 3.10 Photograph showing Installed Micro Meteorological Station at site
Table 3.10 Meteorological data collected at site
Season
Temp Rel.
Humidity Pressure Speed
Rain
fall Radiation
oC % hPa km/h mm Wh/m2
Oct,
2017
Max 31.5 99.0 937.0 25.9 6.0 114.0
Min 15.7 17.0 926.0 1.9 0.0 0.0
Avg 24.3 47.1 930.9 8.3 0.1 28.1
Nov,
2017
Max 31.4 99.0 937.0 25.9 15.0 104.1
Min 13.2 18.0 928.0 1.9 0.0 0.0
Avg 23.1 63.6 932.7 8.0 0.0 28.5
Dec,
2017
Max 30.2 99.0 943.0 27.8 0.0 95.9
Min 10.8 17.0 929.0 1.9 0.0 0.0
Avg 21.3 61.1 933.9 9.4 0.0 27.8
Period of Record :
Start: 01-Oct-17 01:00
End:31-Dec- 17 24:00
Total Records :2208
Avg. Wind Speed: 2.4m/s
Max. Wind Speed: 7.7 m/s
Calm:24.7%
Orientation: Blowing from E
Period of Record :
Start: 01-Oct-17 01:00
End:31-Dec- 17 24:00
Total Records :744
Avg. Wind Speed:
2.3m/s
Max. Wind Speed:
7.2m/s
Calm:16.4%
Orientation: Blowing
from SE
OCTOBER, 2017 - DECEMBER, 2017 OCTOBER, 2017
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Period of Record :
Start: 01-Oct-17 01:00
End:31-Dec- 17 24:00
Total Records :720
Avg. Wind Speed: 2.2m/s
Max. Wind Speed: 7.2m/s
Calm:33.5%
Orientation: Blowing from E
Period of Record :
Start: 01-Oct-17 01:00
End:31-Dec- 17 24:00
Total Records :744
Avg. Wind Speed:
2.6m/s
Max. Wind Speed:
7.7m/s
Calm:24.6%
Orientation: Blowing
from E
NOVEMBER, 2017 DECEMBER, 2017
Fig 3.11 Wind rose Diagram for the Period Oct 2017 - Dec 2017
Wind rose shows that the prevailing wind direction during the study period is East. During the
study period, maximum wind speed of 7.7 m/s was observed. Average wind speed was 2.4 m/s.
3.4.3.1 Mixing height / Inversion
Mixing height is the region between the bottom of the inversion layer and the ground. The
inversion layer is a dynamic region, which changes depending on the atmospheric condition.
The mixing height can be calculated based on the vertical temperature profile of the
atmosphere. Mixing height generated for the study period using AERMET. It shows from the
table that, maximum mixing height of 4000 mt above ground level is observed while the
minimum mixing height observed is 90 mt.
3.4.3.2 Temperature
Temperature during the study period was in the range of 10.8°C-31.5°C.
3.4.4 Ambient Air Quality
The selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques
and frequency of sampling are given below. The study area includes residential and agricultural
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environment. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out at eight locations within 10 Km
radius study area including one AAQMS in downwind direction. The results are tabulated
below. The National Ambient Air Quality standard is given in the following table:
Table 3.11 Details of AAQM parameters with analysis methodology
Pollutants
Frequency
of
Monitoring
NAAQM
Standards,
2009
Unit Method of analysis
Du
st PM10 Particulate Matter
24 Hrs
100 µg/m3 Gravimetric method
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 60 µg/m3 Gravimetric method
Gas
es
SO2 Sulphur dioxide 80 µg/m3 Improved West and
Geake Method
NO2 Nitrogen Di Oxide 80 µg/m3 Jacob & Hochheisser
Modified Na- Arsenate
O3 Ozone
1 Hr
180 µg/m3 Chemiluminescence
(Instrument ) method
CO Carbon monoxide 4 mg/m3 Instrumental method
NH3 Ammonia
24 Hrs
400 µg/m3 Indophenol Blue
C6H6 Benzene 5 µg/m3 GCMS method
(Instrumental)
BaP Benzo(a) pyrene 1 ng/m3 GCMS method
(Instrumental)
Met
als
Pb Lead 1 µg/m3 AAS method
(Instrumental)
As Arsenic 6 ng/m3 AAS method
(Instrumental)Ni Nickel 20 ng/m
3 AAS method
(Instrumental)
3.4.5 Selection of Sampling Stations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically
designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air
quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions.
Topography of the study area.
Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status.
Representatives of likely impact areas.
Field planning.
The budget, minimum monitoring requirements and its objective adequacy criteria was
first established during monitoring network-planning stage.
Principal factors governing the selection of sampling locations were depending on the
historical meteorological data and site conditions.
Recommended Criteria for Siting Monitoring Stations as per: IS: 5182 (Part 14), 2000
was followed.
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The stations were selected at a place where interferences are not present or anticipated.
Height of the inlet was maintained at 3 ± 0.5 m above the ground.
The sampler was kept more than 20 m away from trees.
There was unrestricted airflow in three of four quadrants.
The sampling stations selected were away from major pollution sources
In order to establish the baseline air quality status in a study area, 8 ambient air quality stations
were established in and around the 10 Km radius of the proposed expansion project site
including one station in downward direction (A2- Karikatti village). These stations were
selected on the basis of even distribution over the study area taking in to consideration various
factors as detailed above. The details of these Ambient Air quality-sampling stations are given
below.
Fig 3.12 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
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Table 3.12 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Station No. Village Name Distance (km) and
Direction
Latitude and
Longitude
A1 Project site - 15°43‘12.13"N
75°03‘37.97"E
A2 * Karikatti 3.45 (W) 15°43'55.04"N
75°01'34.97"E
A3 Sangreshkop 7.2 (SW) 15°39'18.12"N
75° 01'19.08"E
A4 Saundatti 6.25 (NE) 15°45‘48.18"N
75° 06‘20.43"E
A5# Betsur 8.18 (E)
15°43'41.82"N
75° 08'26.25"E
A6 Hire Ulligeri 6.14 (SE) 15°40‘7.29"N
75° 05‘18.78"E
A7 Asundi 4.24 (NW) 15°44'43.69"N
75° 01'31.36"E
A8 Singarkoppa 5.2(NW) 15°46'12.47"N
75° 03'14.85"E
* Downwind direction; # upwind direction
Fig 3.13 Photographs showing ambient air quality monitoring (RDS, PM2.5 sampler and
gaseous samplers) at the study area
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Fig 3.14 Flow Chart showing AAQM Methodology
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3.4.7 Results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring done in a radius of 10 Kms
Table 3.13 Ambient Air Quality Status (October 2017 to Dec 2017)
Average –24 Hours
PM10, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 80 65.00 73.58 4.40 73.46 80.00 78.55 73.50 72.00
A2 77 61.00 67.92 4.19 67.79 76.08 71.55 68.00 66.05
A3 67 54.00 61.21 3.30 61.12 66.54 64.55 61.00 60.05
A4 68 55.00 60.58 3.48 60.49 67.54 64.00 60.00 59.00
A5 62 51.00 56.79 3.30 56.70 62.00 60.00 57.50 55.00
A6 69 47.00 53.96 5.59 53.70 67.62 58.00 53.50 51.05
A7 72 58.00 65.46 3.40 65.37 71.08 68.55 66.00 65.05
A8 74 56.00 18.83 4.86 67.08 73.54 72.00 68.00 67.05
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
µg / m
3
Sample
PM 10
PM10
NAAQ Standard
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PM2.5, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 24 14.00 21.3 2.29 21.11 23.54 23.00 22.00 22.00
A2 23 17.00 17.0 1.65 19.97 22.54 21.55 20.00 20.00
A3 20 13.00 16.3 1.78 16.16 19.54 18.00 16.00 16.00
A4 18 12.00 15.8 1.64 15.71 18.00 17.55 16.00 15.00
A5 19 13.00 14.9 1.64 14.83 18.08 16.55 15.00 14.05
A6 21 11.00 13.9 2.54 13.72 20.54 15.55 13.50 13.00
A7 23 15.00 18.2 2.32 18.07 22.54 21.00 18.00 17.00
A8 22 14.00 18.83 2.33 18.69 22.00 21.55 18.50 18.00
SO2, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 9.57 8.48 8.99 0.30 8.99 9.51 9.32 8.99 8.92
A2 10.20 7.10 8.44 0.70 8.41 9.89 9.11 8.31 8.21
A3 9.46 7.48 8.27 0.54 8.25 9.28 8.74 8.17 7.98
A4 8.31 7.48 8.27 0.60 8.29 9.75 8.75 8.19 8.00
A5 10.06 8.21 8.76 0.50 8.74 9.90 9.03 8.66 8.56
A6 9.68 7.10 8.63 0.73 8.60 9.52 9.33 8.74 8.64
A7 13.87 7.16 8.56 1.40 8.47 12.21 9.25 8.14 7.96
A8 9.12 7.46 8.27 0.48 8.25 9.12 8.97 8.15 7.96
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
µg / m
3
Sample
PM2.5
PM2.5
NAAQ Standards
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
µg / m
3
Sample
SO2
SO2
NAAQ Standards
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NO2, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 16.48 14.32 15.46 0.61 15.45 16.42 16.15 15.47 15.21
A2 17.40 15.02 16.14 0.54 16.13 17.22 16.62 16.14 16.02
A3 19.84 15.29 16.40 0.83 16.38 18.50 16.69 16.32 16.22
A4 16.44 14.65 15.71 0.45 15.70 16.43 16.20 15.78 15.48
A5 17.16 15.02 16.18 0.55 16.17 17.16 16.59 16.20 16.10
A6 16.98 14.56 15.88 0.55 15.87 16.89 16.43 15.83 15.69
A7 19.87 16.11 16.71 0.74 16.70 18.64 16.94 16.55 16.39
A8 19.11 15.98 16.65 0.60 16.64 18.12 16.90 16.53 16.44
CO, mg/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 0.99 0.71 0.86 0.08 0.86 0.98 0.93 0.87 0.83
A2 0.97 0.66 0.81 0.08 0.80 0.95 0.89 0.82 0.79
A3 0.91 0.62 0.77 0.07 0.76 0.88 0.83 0.77 0.74
A4 0.83 0.65 0.74 0.05 0.74 0.83 0.80 0.74 0.71
A5 0.93 0.68 0.79 0.07 0.79 0.92 0.86 0.80 0.77
A6 0.92 0.67 0.77 0.07 0.77 0.91 0.85 0.75 0.74
A7 0.93 0.65 0.82 0.08 0.82 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.82
A8 0.94 0.65 0.80 0.08 0.80 0.93 0.89 0.79 0.78
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
µg / m
3
Sample
NO2
NO2
NAAQ Standards
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
mg / m
3
Sample
CO
CO
NAAQ Standards
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NH3, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 10.92 9.18 10.12 0.45 10.11 10.86 10.56 10.14 10.07
A2 10.87 9.58 10.22 0.33 10.21 10.83 10.51 10.23 10.12
A3 10.79 9.42 10.15 0.40 10.14 10.79 10.61 10.13 9.88
A4 10.84 9.13 10.03 0.38 10.02 10.75 10.42 9.93 9.89
A5 10.92 9.18 10.13 0.53 10.12 10.89 10.81 10.10 9.79
A6 10.77 9.41 10.28 0.39 10.28 10.77 10.73 10.32 10.15
A7 10.85 9.22 9.80 0.40 9.79 10.80 9.93 9.82 9.65
A8 10.85 9.17 9.99 0.52 9.97 10.74 10.48 10.17 9.65
O3, g/m3
LOCATION MAX MIN AVG SD GM PERCENTILE
98 85 50 35
A1 1.85 1.26 1.51 0.16 1.50 1.85 1.68 1.47 1.43
A2 1.92 1.24 1.68 0.20 1.67 1.91 1.84 1.77 1.72
A3 1.79 1.25 1.56 0.13 1.56 1.78 1.69 1.55 1.52
A4 1.84 1.14 1.61 0.19 1.60 1.83 1.76 1.69 1.62
A5 1.88 1.26 1.56 0.17 1.55 1.84 1.75 1.56 1.45
A6 2.47 1.52 1.95 0.24 1.93 2.40 2.18 1.92 1.83
A7 2.65 1.49 1.85 0.25 1.83 2.46 1.98 1.81 1.76
A8 2.60 1.94 2.21 0.16 2.13 2.54 2.37 2.18 2.15
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8
µg / m
3
Sample
NH3
NH3
NAAQ Standards
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
µg / m
3
Sample
Ozone
Ozone
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 112
Table 3.14 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results
LOCATION PM 10,
g/m3 PM2.5,g/m3 SO2,
g/m3
NO2,
g/m3
CO,
mg/m3
NH3,
g/m3
O3,
g/m3
A1 80.00 23.54 9.51 16.42 0.98 10.86 1.85
A2 76.08 22.54 9.89 17.22 0.95 10.83 1.91
A3 66.54 19.54 9.28 18.50 0.88 10.79 1.78
A4 67.54 18.00 9.75 16.43 0.83 10.75 1.83
A5 62.00 18.08 9.90 17.16 0.92 10.89 1.84
A6 67.62 20.54 9.52 16.89 0.91 10.77 2.40
A7 71.08 22.54 12.21 18.64 0.92 10.80 2.46
A8 73.54 22.00 9.12 18.12 0.93 10.74 2.54
Source=EHSRDC, Bangalore
Date wise monitored data has been annexed as Annexure-2.
Calculation of Air Quality Index for the study area
CPCB….
Air Quality Index Formula
Ip = [{(IHI - ILO)/ (BHI -BLO)} * (Cp-BLO)] + ILO
BHI = Breakpoint concentration greater or equal to given conc.
BLO = Breakpoint concentration smaller or equal to given conc.
IHI = AQI value corresponding to BHI
ILO = AQI value corresponding to BLO
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 113
Table 3.15 Air quality Index
Location PM10,
g/m3
AQI Remarks PM2.5,
g/m3
AQI RemarksSO2,
g/m3
AQI RemarksNO2,
g/m3
AQI RemarksCO,
mg/m3
AQI Remarks
A1 80.00 80 Satisfactory 23.54 39.31 Good 9.51 11.88 Good 16.42 20.52 Good 0.98 49 Good
A2 76.08 76.08 Satisfactory 22.54 37.64 Good 9.89 12.36 Good 17.22 21.52 Good 0.95 47.5 Good
A3 66.54 66.54 Satisfactory 19.54 32.63 Good 9.28 11.60 Good 18.50 23.12 Good 0.88 44.0 Good
A4 67.54 67.54 Satisfactory 18.00 30.0 Good 9.75 12.18 Good 16.43 20.53 Good 0.83 41.5 Good
A5 62.00 62.00 Satisfactory 18.08 30.19 Good 9.90 12.37 Good 17.16 21.45 Good 0.92 46.0 Good
A6 67.62 67.62 Satisfactory 20.54 34.30 Good 9.52 11.90 Good 16.89 21.11 Good 0.91 45.50 Good
A7 71.08 71.08 Satisfactory 22.54 37.64 Good 12.21 15.26 Good 18.64 23.30 Good 0.92 46.00 Good
A8 73.54 73.54 Satisfactory 22.00 36.66 Good 9.12 11.40 Good 18.12 22.65 Good 0.93 46.50 Good
Location NH3, g/m3 AQI Remarks Location
O3, g/m3
AQI Remarks
A1 10.86 2.71 Good A1 1.85 1.85 Good
A2 10.83 2.70 Good A2 1.91 1.91 Good
A3 10.79 2.69 Good A3 1.78 1.78 Good
A4 10.75 2.68 Good A4 1.83 1.83 Good
A5 10.89 2.72 Good A5 1.84 1.84 Good
A6 10.77 2.69 Good A6 2.40 2.40 Good
A7 10.80 2.70 Good A7 2.46 2.46 Good
A8 10.74 2.68 Good A8 2.54 2.54 Good
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 114
As per Air Quality Index, Good and satisfactory ambient air quality can be observed in the
study area. The air quality w.r.t PM10 is Satisfactory at all the locations and SO2, PM 2.5, CO,
NO2, NH3 & O3 is good. The prominent parameter of concern is PM10.
3.4.7.1 Inference
Particulate Matter <2.5µ &<10µ: The NAAQ standard for PM10is 100 µg/m3 and PM2.5 is 60
µg/m3. Excessive exposure to PM can cause lung problems, breathing difficulties.
The minimum and maximum level of Particulate Matter <2.5µ recorded within the study area
were in the range of 11 to 24 µg/m3. The minimum and maximum level of Particulate Matter
<10µ recorded within the study area were in the range of 47 to 80 µg/m3. The 24 hourly
average values of Particulate Matter <2.5µ & Particulate Matter <10µ were compared with the
national ambient air quality standards and found that all sampling stations recorded values
within the applicable limits for all locations in study area. As per AQI, even though the
concentration is within the permissible limits, it may cause minor discomfort to sensitive
people.
Sulphur Dioxide: Sulphur dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity. Sulphur
dioxide is capable of producing illness and lung injury. Further, it can combine with water in
the air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and the leaves of
plants. Sulphur dioxide is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to
sulphur dioxide causes bronchial asthma and other breathing related diseases as it affects the
lungs. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 recorded within the study area was in the
range of 7.10 µg/m3 to 13.87 µg/m
3. The 24 hourly average values of SO2 were compared with
the national ambient air quality standards and it was found that all sampling stations recorded
values much lower than the applicable limit of 80µg/m3.
Oxides of Nitrogen: Oxides of Nitrogen are also an inorganic gaseous pollutant like Sulphur
dioxide. Oxides of Nitrogen emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion at high
temperatures takes place. Nitrous oxide and nitric acid mist are the other important pollutants
in the inorganic nitrogen group. NO2 has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by
themselves like toxicity. It acts as an asphyxiate when in concentrations great enough to reduce
the normal oxygen supply from the air. The minimum and maximum level of NO2 recorded
within the study area was in the range of 14.32µg/m3 to 19.87µg/m
3. The 24 hourly average
values of NO2 were compared with the national ambient air quality standards and it was found
that all the sampling stations recorded values much lower than the applicable limit of 80µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas that is
slightly lighter than air. It can be toxic to humans and animals when encountered in higher
concentrations, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities and
is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere however, it is short
lived and spatially variable, since it combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
Worldwide, the largest source of carbon monoxide is natural in origin is due to photochemical
reactions in the troposphere. Other natural sources of CO include volcanoes, forest fires, and
other forms of combustion. The major man-made source is mobile sources (Vehicles on road)
and non-road sources are gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles, engines, and equipment used
for construction, agriculture, recreation, and many other purposes. The minimum and
maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of 0.62 mg/m3 to 0.99
mg/m3.
NH3: The value of NH3 recorded within the study area was in the range of 9.13 µg/m3 to
10.92 µg/m3.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 115
O3: The minimum and maximum level of O3 recorded within the study area was in the range of
1.14 µg/m3 to 2.65 µg/m
3.
The lead, nickel and Arsenic detected in small quantities in some instances ranging from 0.001-
0.127µg/m3
0.97-8.24 ng/ m3 and 0.73 – 1.99 ng/m
3 respectively in some location of the study
area. Values for Benzene, benzo (a) pyrene were found to be BDL at all point of time during
the study period.
3.4.8 Traffic Study
Fig 3.15 Google map showing the site connectivity
N
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 116
Fig 3.16 Route map showing the connectivity of roads to the site
Table 3.16 Road Geometric Scenario
Road
ROW
(m)
Surface
Condition
Street
lights
Drainage
width
(m)
Road
Remarks
CW
(m) Marking
Signs
Lanes
Shoulder
(m)
SH-30
(2 lanes
undivided)
15
Good
NA
NA
NA
NA
Road
Marking
needs to be
marked.
9.8
2
2.6+2.6
Note: A – Available NA – Not Available
3.4.8.1 Road Connectivity
The Project is located along SH-30 of RoW 15m which connects to Karkatti / Belgavi
on one side and to Saundatti on another side. SH 30 is of 2 lanes with undivided traffic
flow.
The Entry/exits of the project site is provided to SH-30 trough an approach road where
there is no traffic at present. After commissioning of the project, the raw materials
carrying Trucks / tractors/ Bullock carts will move along the approach road.
The project can also be accessed from other places such as Kittore, Bailahongal,
Belgavi, Saundatti, Karkatti and other nearby places.However the traffic from all these
locations will have to join to SH-30 to reach the plant.
N
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 117
The proposed approach road will form a T- junction with SH-30. This junction will
have to be designed in accordance with KSHIP / KRDCL based on IRC/ MORTH
specifications. The tentative design is also proposed.
Fig 3.17 Photos showing the traffic and existing road scenario
Fig 3.18 Existing Road Geometry Scenario
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 118
Table 3.17 Speed spectrum for the study road (kmph)
Road 2 Wh 3 Wh
4 Wh
(C,J,V) B/L/T Tractor
Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min
SH-30
(2 lanes undivided) 48 29 20 16 55 41 48 35 28 20
Note:
The volume of traffic along the highway being low, the vehicular observed speeds are
more. Hence adequate road safety requirements must be provided.
The observed speeds indicate that the vehicles move more than the designated speed of
60 kmph.
Table 3.18 Real time traffic scenario along SH-30 (2 lanes undivided)
Time 2Wh 3Wh 4Wh Tractor B/L/trucksBullock
Cart Total V/C
6:00 -7:00am 79(40) 8(8) 27(27) 0(0) 11(33) 3(24) 128(132) 0.06
7:00-8:00 126(63) 19(19) 53(53) 1(2) 18(54) 7(56) 224(247) 0.11
8:00-9:00 269(135) 49(49) 88(88) 3(5) 25(75) 13(104) 447(455) 0.21
9:00-10:00 305(153) 23(23) 70(70) 2(3) 20(60) 12(96) 432(405) 0.18
10:00-11:00 201(101) 32(32) 62(62) 1(2) 15(45) 8(64) 319(305) 0.14
11:00-12:00 223(112) 29(29) 59(59) 0(0) 26(78) 5(40) 342(318) 0.14
12:00-01:00 pm 94(47) 12(12) 30(30) 0(0) 30(90) 6(48) 172(227) 0.10
01:00-02:00 85(43) 8(8) 43(43) 1(2) 23(69) 2(16) 162(180) 0.08
02:00-03:00 139(70) 30(30) 38(38) 2(3) 17(51) 4(32) 230(224) 0.10
03:00-04:00 155(78) 15(15) 24(24) 0(0) 12(36) 9(72) 215(225) 0.10
04:00-05:00 102(51) 21(21) 48(48) 1(2) 19(57) 11(88) 202(267) 0.12
05:00-06:00 158(79) 25(25) 66(66) 2(3) 24(72) 13(104) 288(349) 0.16
06:00-07:00 237(119) 34(34) 74(74) 2(3) 14(42) 8(64) 369(336) 0.15
07:00-08:00 250(125) 40(40) 81(81) 3(5) 9(27) 4(32) 387(310) 0.14
08:00-09:00 162(81) 27(27) 50(50) 1(2) 13(39) 2(16) 255(215) 0.10
09:00-10:00 80(40) 17(17) 32(32) 0(0) 20(60) 6(48) 155(197) 0.09
10:00-11:00 53(27) 11(11) 20(20) 1(2) 9(27) 3(24) 97(110) 0.05
11:00-12:00 45(23) 4(4) 9(9) 0(0) 5(15) 5(40) 68(91) 0.04
12:00-01:00am 12(6) 1(1) 4(4) 0(0) 15(45) 2(16) 34(72) 0.03
01:00-02:00 8(4) 0(0) 2(2) 0(0) 8(24) 0(0) 18(30) 0.01
02:00-03:00 3(2) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 11(33) 0(0) 14(35) 0.02
03:00-04:00 0(0) 0(0) 7(7) 0(0) 6(18) 1(8) 14(33) 0.02
04:00-05:00 2(1) 1(1) 2(2) 0(0) 4(12) 1(8) 10(24) 0.01
05:00-06:00 am 15(8) 5(5) 18(18) 1(2) 7(21) 3(24) 49(77) 0.04
Total 2803(1402) 411(411) 907(907) 21(32) 361(1083) 128(1024) 4631(4859)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 119
3.4.8.2 Vehicle Composition and Traffic flow distribution along SH-30 (2 lanes undivided)
Fig 3.19 Vehicle composition along SH-30
Fig 3.20 Traffic flow distribution along SH30
As per IRC:64-1990, “Guidelines for capacity of roads in Rural areas”
Recommended design service volumes for two lane roads
Sl No Terrain Curvature (Degrees per
Kilometre)
Design service volume
in PCU/day
1 Plain Low (0-50) 15,000
High (above 51) 12,500
2 Rolling Low (0-100) 11,000
High (above 101) 10,000
3 Hilly Low (0-200) 7,000
High (above 201) 5,000
Source: IRC:64-1990, PageNo:12
2Wh
60%
3Wh
11%
4Wh
20%
tractor
1%
B/Trucks
5%bullock cart
3%
132
247
455
405
305 318
227180 224
225267
349 336310
215 197
11091 72
30 35 33 24
77
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
PC
U's
/hr
Time
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 120
As per IRC:64-1990, “Guidelines for capacity of roads in Rural areas”
Recommended PCU factors for various types of vehicles on rural roads
Sl No Vehicle type Equivalency
Factor
Fast Vehicles
1 Motor cycle or scooter 0.50
2 Passenger car, pick-up van or Auto rickshaw 1.00
3 Agricultural tractor, Light commercial vehicle 1.50
4 Truck or bus 3.00
5 Truck-trailer, Agricultural Tractor- trailer 4.50
Slow Vehicles
6 Cycle 0.50
7 Cycle- rickshaw 2.00
8 Hand Cart 3.00
9 Horse- drawn vehicle 4.00
10 Bullock cart * 8.00
3.4.8.3 Existing Traffic Scenario for Study road
Road V (PCU’s/day) C (PCU’s/day) Existing V/C LOS
SH-30(2 lanes
undivided) 4859 15000 0.32 B
V/C LOS Performance
0.0 - 0.2 A Excellent
0.2 - 0.4 B Very Good
0.4 - 0.6 C Good
0.6 - 0.8 D Fair/Average
0.8 - 1.0 E Poor
1.0& Above F Very Poor
V= Volume in PCU’s/hr & C= Capacity in PCU’s/ hr LOS = Level of Service
Note: IRC is accepting the fact that, in Indian roads the real congestion starts when V/C ratio is
>1, i.e., for forced flow. Till this limit the road is free for traffic movement without any
impediments. Hence it is acceptable as normal up to V/C =1 and the performance will be taken
as good only
3.4.8.4 Real Time Traffic Scenario
The Project is located along proposed approach road, the entry and exit is provided
through the same.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 121
All types of vehicles i.e., 2Wh, 3Wh, 4Wh, Tractors and Buses/Lorries/Trucks move
along the SH-30, which is the main connectivity to the project site through the approach
road yet to be constructed.
Road
As per study (per minute)
2wh 3wh 4wh Tractor B/L/T Bullock Cart
SH-30 (2 lanes undivided)
4 to 5 0 to 1 1 to 2 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1
3.4.8.5 Real Time Traffic Scenario
Fig 3.21 Real time traffic scenario
Table 3.19 Source of Raw material (Sugar Cane) & its Transportation
Sl.
No
Name of the
Place
Quantity (to be
procured), MT/d
Road Distance from the proposed
project site
Trucks/day
(Nos.)
1 Kittore 500 48 Km 25
2 Bailahongal 500 40 Km 25
3 Belagavi 200 80 Km 10
4 Bagewadi 800 70 Km 40
5 Itagi cross 700 60 Km 35
6 From other local
Areas
400 80 Km 15
Total 150
3.4.8.6 Number of working days
Sugar unit: 180 days, Cogeneration: 300 days, Distillery: 300 days
3.4.8.7 MODE OF TRANSPORT OF WORK FORCE
Number of Employees =370
Sl. No Raw Material Transportation
1 Personal Vehicles (2wh) 16
2 Company arranged Bus 2
3 Office Vehicles (4 wh) 7
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 122
3.4.8.8 EXISTING RAW MATERIAL AND PRODUCT
Table 3.20 Sugar Plant and Cogeneration Plant
Sl.
No. Particulars Quantity Transportation
01 Sugar cane (MT/d) 4500 Approx. 225 trucks/ day with 20 T capacity
02 Bagasse as fuel (MT/d) at 100%) 1098 Conveyor belt
03 Sulphur (MT / month) 90 01 Trucks/day
04 Lime (MT / month) 288
05 Caustic Soda flakes (MT/month) 2.7
06 Lubricants (KL/month) (Wheel bearing
greases, lubricating oils etc.)
9
07 OP acid, KL/month 1.8
3.4.8.9 RAW MATERIAL TRANSPORATION
Table 3.21 Sugar Plant, Cogeneration Plant and Distillery
Sl.
No. Particulars Quantity (T/day) Transportation
01 Sugar cane 7500 Approx. 375 trucks/ day
with 20 T capacity
02 Bagasse as fuel (at 100%) 1098 Conveyor belt
03 Sulphur 5 1 truck/ day
04 Lime 16
05 Caustic Soda flakes 0.15
06 Lubricants 0.5
07 Ortho Phosphoric acid 0.1
08 Sulphuric Acid 30 lit
09 Nutrients N, P 60 Kg
10 Turkey Red Oil (TRO) 30 Kg
11 Molasses 240 MT Closed conduit
Table 3.22 Products Transportation
Products Quantity Transportation
Sugar (MT/d) 900 TPD 45 trucks/ day
Rectified spirit and ENA 60 KLPD 3 tankers/day (20 KL capacity)
Press mud (MT /d) 300 TPD 15 trucks /day
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 123
3.4.8.10 Total Vehicles Generated Per Day
Table 3.23 Total traffic generated
Materials 2WH 4WH BUS TRUCKS
Personal Vehicles 16 - - -
Company Bus - - 2 -
Office Vehicles - 7 - -
Sugar cane / Raw materials - - - 376
TOTAL 16 7 2 376
3.4.8.11 Products and by products
Materials 2WH 4WH BUS TRUCKS
Sugar - - - 45
Press mud - - - 15
TOTAL - - - 60
Traffic in PCUs/day = (16x0.5)+(7x1)+(2x3)+(376x3) + (60x3)= 1329 PCUs/day
3.4.8.12 Traffic Flow Logistics
Since the activity is Industries, the vehicles will move from & to the Project between 24
hr.
Total traffic generated from this project =1329 PCU’s/day.
However as per IRC capacity table, the entire traffic generated per day is taken for
impact calculation.
100% of the generated traffic will first exit on to SH-30.
Table 3.24 Modified V/C and LOS after adding generated traffic to existing traffic
Road
Existing
Modified
V C V/C LOS V V/C LOS
SH-30
(2 lanes
undivided)
4859 15000 0.32 B 4859+ 1329=6188 0.41 C
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 124
Table 3.25 Projected traffic for next three years based on individual vehicular growth as
per IRC: 37-2001(Exponential Growth is considered)
Road
Vehicle
Type 2Wh 3Wh 4Wh Tractor B/L/T
Bullock
Cart
Total %
Growth 2.5 1 6.8 6 1.5 Nil
Towards
SH-30 3019(1509) 423(423) 1105(1105) 25(38) 377(1132) 128(1024) 5077(5231)
Table 3.26 Modified V/C and LOS after adding the generated traffic
Road
Projected Traffic for next three
year
Modified V/C and LOS after adding the
generated traffic
V C V/C LOS V V/C LOS
SH-30 5231 15000 0.35 B 5231+1329=
6560 0.44 C
Table 3.27 Consolidated V/C and level of Service for changed scenarios
Road
Existing traffic
scenario
considered for
impact studies
Changed V/C and
LOS by adding
generated traffic
Projected traffic
after three years
Modified V/C and LOS by
adding the generated traffic
V/C LOS V/C LOS V/C LOS V/C LOS
SH-30 0.32 B 0.41 C 0.35 B 0.44 C
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 125
Fig 3.22 T-junction of Proposed Approach Road and SH-30
3.4.8.13Traffic improvement and Road safety Measures (SH-30)
Road sign &signage’s (No overtaking, drive safely, Major road ahead for the vehicles
coming out from the project before joining to highway), direction boards, Speed limit
boards (30 kmph) shall be installed.
High mast light near the main entry & exit is required.
For an internal approach road, sign boards like speed limit (15 kmph), No horn, drive
slowly boards etc, must be installed.
Bell mouth entry & exit to SH-30 must be provided for safe turning, merging of
vehicles to the main road.
Safe assembly zone / points to be created for emergency.
Loading & unloading points informatory boards needs to be installed
Hand in hand, pedestrian sidewalks also to be developed as a good number of people
will use the T-junction and walk to the project. Merging of vehicles will be performed
only to left traffic from the exit point of the junction to ensure safety.
The internal entry point gate is manned with efficient security who can guide the entry
and exit of vehicles.
All precautionary measures are ensured for the safety of construction labourers while
working at the site during construction.
3.5 Noise Levels
The environmental impact assessment of noise for the proposed expansion project was carried
out by taking various factors into consideration like potential physiological responses,
annoyance and general community responses and also the existing status of noise levels within
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 126
the study area. Existing noise levels have been monitored at different places within the study
area. Following methodology was adopted for noise monitoring within the study area.
Google map or aerial view of the study area covering 10 km radius was prepared.
For every one minute interval the readings were obtained using noise level meter
continuously for 24 hours (Day and Night). Using the standard formula, L10, L50, L90
and Leq were calculated.
Graphical representation of noise variation were plotted to understand the variation
indicating maximum and minimum.
Ambient Noise Level Monitoring conducted at 8 locations in and around the proposed project
site within 10Kms radius study area for parameters like Leq Day dB (A) and Leq Night dB (A)
Table 3.28 Details of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Stations
Station No Village Name Distance (km) and
Direction
Latitude and
Longitude
N1 Project site -- 15°43'12.13"N
75° 3‘37.97"E
N2 Karikatti 3.45 (NW) 15°43'55.04"N
75° 1'34.97"E
N3 Asundi 4.24 (NW) 15°44'43.69"N
75° 1'31.36"E
N4 Singarkoppa 5.2 (NW) 15°46'14.62"N
75° 3'14.85"E
N5 Saundatti 6.25 (NE) 15°45‘48.18"N
75° 6‘20.43"E
N6 Hire Ulligeri 6.14 (SE) 15°40‘7.29"N
75° 5‘18.78"E
N7 Sangreshkop 7.2 (SW) 15°39 '18.12"N
75° 1'19.01"E
N8 Betsur 8.18 (E) 15°43'41.82"N
75° 8'26.25"E
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 127
Fig 3.23 Location of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Stations
Fig 3.24 View of Noise Monitoring
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 128
Table 3.29 Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results
Code No Sample Location
Leq
dB(A)
(Day)
CPCB
Standards
Leq
dB(A)
(Night)
CPCB
Standards
N1 Project Site 52.15 75 dB(A) 50.54 70 dB(A)
N2 Karikatti 50.11
55 dB(A)
39.4
45 dB(A)
N3 Asundi 48.66 36.1
N4 Singarkoppa 50.92 37.88
N5 Saundatti 47.26 38.58
N6 Hire Ulligeri 46.28 43.34
N7 Sangreshkop 49.29 42.62
N8 Betsur 51.01 37.62
3.5.1.2Inference
Noise monitored results at all the locations were found to be within the CPCB standards.
3.6 Water Environment
3.6.1 Water sources in the study area
Surface water source: The study area is characterized by the presence of perennial river
namely Malaprabha River which traverses in the North West direction at 12.2 Kms distance
and forms as Renuka Sagar Reservoir (also known as Malaprabha Reservoir) near Saundatti
Town which is the main source of surface water in the study area. This reservoir serves for
irrigation & domestic needs in the region and is under the control of KNNL (Karnataka
Neeravari Nigam Limited, Govt of Karnataka). Apart from these, there are number of major
seasonal drains/nalla/halla viz., Kalla Halla, Chikka Halla, Tupari Halla located at southern part
of the study area & were observed to be dry during the study period
As per the discussions with the villagers, water availability in these drains/nala can be observed
only during monsoon period/rainy days & farmers make utilize of this monsoon flow water for
their irrigation needs based on the availability especially in the villages of Yadihalli,
Sangreshkopp, Chik Ulligeri, Kabbenur, Hongal & Betsur. Drainage pattern of the area is
observed to be Dendritic type and majority of catchment was observed in the southern direction
of the study area.
Further, the area also comprises of tanks located in the villages namely Karikatti, Chik Ulligeri,
Hire Ulligeri & Sangreshkopp. All these tanks except Karikkati Lake were dry during the study
and water presence can be observed during the monsoon period/rainy days only. Karikatti lake
water sample was not drawn in view of its non suitability. Above lakes also serve for irrigation
needs in the neighbourhood lands of the village settlements during the monsoon season/rainy
days. Govt of Karnataka through RDPR Dept (GO dated 02-01-2017 vide 2016-17) have
planned to implement Lake Rejuvenation Programme in the name of “Kere Sanjeevini-2” and
accordingly Saundatti Taluk under Belagavi District is one among the drought hit taluks
considered for the same.
Ground water source: The study area comprises of Bore wells/Tube wells located at all the
village settlements. Additionally, farmers with their own tube wells/bore wells in their fields
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 129
were using the water for irrigation purpose & domestic needs.. OHTs & Cisterns infrastructure
for distributing water are available at majority of the villages. Bore wells are under the control
of Gram Panchayat and RDPR Dept, Govt. of Karnataka. Further, it was also observed that, RO
Units were installed at majority of villages in the study area from RDPR Dept to cater the
needs of the villages for potable applications (coin system based) during the period 2015-17.
As per CGWB Notification dated 27-11-2012, Saundatti Taluk (Belagavi Dist) is not a notified
area towards Control & Regulation of Groundwater.
Irrigation schemes: The study area is partly irrigated from the Malaprabha Reservoir Project
implemented by KNNL.
Sources of Water Pollution: As such no major pollution sources observed within the study
area viz., industrial discharge except sullage being discharged into the open drains from the
village habitation areas as observed near Asundi, Hittangi & Sutgatti. Open defecation
activities observed around the lakes especially around Hire Ulligeri Lake and Sangreshkopp
Lake. Toilet facilities available at few houses as observed in few villages in the study area.
Community Latrine Pits were also observed which was meagerly used. Awareness on Swachh
Bharat Abhiyaan was known among the majority of the villagers discussed during the study.
Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact
Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation
measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to:
Assess the water quality characteristics.
Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity.
Predict impact on water quality due to this project and related activities.
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based
on;
Location of watercourses.
Location of residential areas representing different activity/ likely impact areas.
Likely areas that can represent baseline conditions.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 130
3.6.2 Sources of water pollution in the study area
Table 3.30 Observations on Water source & Sanitation Status in the Study Area
Sl.No Name of the
village
Source of water
availability
Existing
Sanitation
facilities/Sewage
treatment
Rain water
Harvesting
&
Recharging
facilities
Existing
Sewerage
network
Storm
water drain
network
1. Karikatti Drains & Bore
wells
Soak Pit, Open
drains Poor No Moderate
2. Asundi
Drains & Bore
wells including
OHT and Cistern
infrastructure
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor Moderate Good
3. Sutgatti Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
4. Hittangi Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
5. Singarkoppa Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
6. Saundatti
Town
Malaprabha Dam,
Bore wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor Moderate Good
7. Yadravi Bore wells Soak Pit, Open
drains Poor No Poor
8. Betsur Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Poor
9. Hire Ulligeri Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Poor
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 131
Sl.No Name of the
village
Source of water
availability
Existing
Sanitation
facilities/Sewage
treatment
Rain water
Harvesting
&
Recharging
facilities
Existing
Sewerage
network
Storm
water drain
network
10. Chik Ulligeri Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Poor
11. Hongal Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
12. Kabbenur Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Poor
13. Kalle Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Poor
14. Sangreshkop
p
Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
15. Yadihalli Drains & Bore
wells
Septic Tank, Soak
Pits, Open drains Poor No Moderate
3.6.3 Methodology for collection of samples
Surface and ground water samples (grab sampling) were collected at each location by
following CPCB guidelines. Climate influenced physical parameters such as Temperature and
pH were recorded at site itself. Surface water samples were collected from well-mixed section
of the water body 30 cm below the water surface. Ground water samples from the production
tube wells were collected after running the well for about 5 minutes. Adequate parameter wise
preservatives were added to the samples and collected samples were brought to the laboratory
by maintaining 40C in the insulated ice boxes. Separate sterilized bottles were used for
collection of water samples for microbial analysis.
Fig 3.25 Photos of water samples
3.6.4 Surface and Ground water quality
The study area is having its source of water supply from drains/ bore wells from where the
samples were collected. Ground water samples were collected from 6 locations.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 132
3.6.4.1 Criteria for selection of sampling locations
Land use/topography of the area.
Upstream & downstream of the river/ reservoir.
Nearby probable effluent disposal sources from Industrial areas & households/village
settlements.
Accessibility to the sampling station with undisturbed flow of water/stagnant water.
Availability of platform/bridges/support structures for sampling.
3.6.4.2 Details of sampling locations
The baseline water quality sampling network was established at 9 locations (6 ground water
samples and 3 surface water samples). Only 3 surface water samples were collected out of 8
locations mentioned in the TOR due to non availability of surface water. Also, due to the non
existence of functional bore well at site, sample of tanker water is collected and analyzed,
which in turn is from surface water source. The details of the sampling locations are as follows;
Table 3.31 Details of Water Quality Sampling Stations
Station
No Station name
Distance
(km) and
direction
Source Latitude and
Longitude
W1 Project site - Surface water
15°43'12.13"N
75° 3'37.97"E
W2 Karikatti 3.45 (NW) Ground water
15°43'55.04"N
75° 1'34.97"E
W3 Saundatti 6.25 (NE) Ground water
15°45‘48.18"N
75° 6‘20.43"E
W4 Renuka Sagar
Reservoir water near
Saundatti
8.5 (NE) Surface water
15°47‘6.79"N
75° 6‘16.03"E
W5 Chika Ulligeri 6.10 (SE) Ground water
15°39‘45.56"N
75° 4'17.98"E
W6 Sangreshkop 7.2 (SW) Ground water
15°39'18.12"N
75° 1'19.08"E
W7 Betsur 8.18 (NE) Ground water
15°43'41.82"N
75° 8'26.25"E
W8 Near Singarkoppa
(Reservoir water ) 5.2 (N) Surface water
15°46‘59.38"N
75° 3‘31.20"E
W9 Asundi 4.24(NW) Ground water
15°44'43.69"N
75° 01'31.36"E
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 133
Fig 3.26 Location of Water Quality Sampling Stations
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 134
Fig 3.27 Water Sampling Photographs
Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km radius
of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated
impact of the proposed project.
3.6.4.3 Observations made during sampling
Table 3.32 Field observations during sampling
Sampling Station
Code
Name of the sampling
station
Source Field Observations
W1
Project Site
(Industry
Tank/Reservoir)
Surface
water
This water being used by the industry (for
construction).
W2 Karikatti Village Ground
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers
W3 Saundatti Town Ground
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the residents of the area.
W4
Renuka Sagar
Reservoir, Near
Saundatti (d/s)
Surface
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the residents and also for
irrigation needs of the lands situated near
Reservoir.
W5 Chikka Ulligeri
Village
Surface
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers.
W6 Sangreshkopp
Village
Ground
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 135
Sampling
Station
Code
Name of the
sampling
station
Source Field Observations
W7 Betsur Village Ground
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers.
W8
Renuka Sagar
Reservoir, Near
Singarkoppa
Village (u/s)
Surface
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers and also for
irrigation needs of the lands situated near
Reservoir.
W9 Asundi Village Ground
water
This water being used for domestic applications
including for drinking by the villagers.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
136
Table 3.33 Results of Ground Water Quality
Sl. No Parameters Unit
Std. IS 10500:2012
(Second Revision) W2 W3 W5 W6 W7 W9
Acceptable
limit
Permissible
limit
1. pH - 6.5-8.5 7.52 7.7 7.59 7.24 7.60 7.32
2. Temperature oC -- 26 26 26 26 26 26
3. Colour Hazen 5 15 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
4. Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.17 0.37 7.61 0.51 0.13 0.40
5. Conductivity µS/cm - 2410 2410 3710 1193 615 1902
6. Total Suspended Solids mg/L - ND ND 140 14 6 ND
7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 500 2000 1524 1780 1852 727 452 965
8. Total Hardness mg/L 200 600 340 650 310 264 174 316
9. Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 500 420 280 280 190 280
10. Anionic Detergents mg/L 0.2 1.0 ND ND ND ND ND ND
11. Ammonical Nitrogen mg/L - 1.49 3.36 4.85 1.68 1.49 1.86
12. Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 45 5.39 2.84 2.48 5.27 5.34 2.75
13. Phosphate Total mg/L - ND 0.02 ND ND ND ND
14. Chloride as Cl mg/L 250 1000 283.74 649.67 494.10 180.02 62.61 234.82
15. Sulphate as SO4 mg/L 200 400 305.46 156.64 324.90 61.54 35.33 77.07
16. Total Nitrogen mg/L - 9.78 11.52 13.47 9.44 9.97 8.25
17. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L - 3.73 7.46 9.89 4.10 3.54 4.10
18. Sodium mg/L - 420 410 448 130 50 150
19. Potassium mg/L - 2.4 4.4 4.4 2 2.0 0.8
20. Calcium as Ca mg/L 75 200 84 164 72 56 36.8 67.2
21. Magnesium as Mg mg/L 30 100 31.59 58.32 31.59 30.13 19.92 35.96
22. Fluoride as F mg/L 1.0 1.5 0.24 0.67 0.76 0.86 0.70 0.20
23. Manganese as Mn mg/L 0.1 0.3 0.003 0.031 0.177 0.004 0.016 0.048
24. Residual Sodium Carbonate meq/L - ND ND ND ND ND ND
25. Silver as Ag mg/L 0.1 ND ND ND ND ND ND
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
137
Sl. No Parameters Unit Std. IS 10500:2012
(Second Revision) W2 W3 W5 W6 W7 W9
26. Lead as Pb mg/L 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND
27. Arsenic as As mg/L 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
28. Cadmium as Cd mg/L 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND
29. Chromium Hexavalent mg/L - ND ND ND ND ND ND
30. Copper as Cu mg/L 0.05 1.5 ND ND ND 0.013 0.007 0.007
31. Zinc as Zn mg/L 5 15 0.121 0.06 0.012 0.027 0.045 0.551
32. Iron as Fe mg/L 0.3 0.04 0.14 0.023 0.15 ND 0.18
33. Salinity* mg/L - 512.59 1173.66 892.61 325.21 113.10 424.21
34. Nitrite mg/L - ND ND ND 0.40 0.019 0.39
35. Carbonate mg/L - 120 280 60 ND 28 ND
36. Bicarbonate mg/L - 380 340 220 280 162 280
37. Sodium Absorption Ratio - - 9.91 12.11 11.07 3.48 1.65 3.67
38. E-Coli MPN/100ml - <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8
39. Total Coliform MPN/100ml - 1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8 <1.8
40. Pesticides µg/L - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
Table 3.34 Results of Surface Water Quality
Sl.
No
Parameters Unit Water Quality Criteria Results
A B C D E W1 W4 W8
01 pH - 6.5-8.5 7.8 7.9 8.1
02 Temperature oC - - - - - 26 26 26
03 Colour Hazen 10 300 300 - - <1 <1 <1
04 Dissolve Oxygen mg/l 6 5 4 4 - 5.2 5.4 5.6
05 BOD(3 days @27oC) mg/l 2 3 3 - - 6.0 6 4
06 Chemical Oxygen
Demand
mg/l - - - - - 24 19.2 16
07 Turbidity NTU - - - - - 1.93 2.69 1.68
08 Electrical Conductivity µS/cm - - - 1000 2250 1010 254 1045
09 Total Suspended mg/l - - - - - 9 8.0 34
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
138
Solids
10 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 50 - 1500 - 2100 720 214 938
11 Total Hardness mg/l - - - - - 208 76 176
12 Oil & Grease mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
13 Alkalinity mg/l - - - - - 328 96 360
14 Anionic Detergents mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
15 Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l - - - - - 1.12 0.74 4.48
16 Nitrate as No3 mg/l 20 - 50 - - 6.28 5.29 7.07
17 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 - 600 - 600 101.75 25.43 48.92
18 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 400 - 400 - 1000 70.91 21.22 305.93
19 Total Nitrogen mg/l - - - - - 10.67 8.64 18.11
20 Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
mg/l - - - - - 2.98 2.24 9.70
21 Potassium mg/l - - - - - 14.8 2 0.4
22 Calcium as Ca mg/l - - - - - 33.6 17.6 38.4
23 Magnesium as Mg mg/l - - - - - 30.13 7.77 19.44
24 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - 0.92 0.07 ND
25 Phenolic Compounds mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
26 Manganese as Mn mg/l - - - - - 0.004 0.029 0.025
27 Percent Sodium mg/l - - - - - 54.3 45.4 71.9
28 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
29 Silver as Ag mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
30 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.1 - 0.1 - - ND ND ND
31 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 - - ND ND ND
32 cadmium as Cd mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
33 Hexavalent Chromium mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
34 Copper as Cu mg/l 1.5 - 1.5 - - 0.004 0.016 0.004
35 Zinc mg/l 15 - 15 - - 0.011 0.019 0.008
36 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 50 - - - 0.05 0.38 0.49
37 Salinity mg/l - - - - - 183.81 45.94 88.37
38 Sodium Absorption Ratio - - - - - 26 3.74 1.50 6.82
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
139
39 Nitrite mg/l - - - - - 0.06 0.02 0.06
40 Carbonate mg/l - - - - - 96 24 88
41 Bicarbonate mg/l - - - - - 232 72 272
42 Sodium mg/l - - - - - 124 30 208
43 Total Pesticide µg/L - - - - - Absent Absent Absent
44 Total phosphate mg/l - - - - - ND ND ND
45 Poly Aromatic
Hydrocarbon (PAH)
mg/l - - - - - ND 84 ND
46 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 50 500 5000 - - 13 84 120
47 Fecal Coliform MPN/100ml - - - - - <1.8 6 12
48 E-Coli MPN/100ml - - - - - <1.8 <1.8 1.8
A- Drinking water surface without conventional treatment but after disinfection
B-Outdoor Bathing (Organized)
C-Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection
D- Propagation of wild life, fisheries
E-Irrigation, Industrial, Cooling controlled waste disposal
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 140
3.6.4.4 Inference
Protocol adopted for testing were as specified under APHA, 23nd
Edition, various IS
methods and USEPA. The measured results/values of the samples tested were compared
with IS 10500:2012 (Second Revision) standards for groundwater samples and CPCB
water quality class criteria for surface water samples.
Sampling
Station
Code
Name of the
sampling
station
Source Results and Discussions
W1
Project Site
(Factory
Tank/Reservoir)
Surface
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W2 Karikatti Village Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W3 Saundatti Town Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards except,
Total Hardness.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W4
Renuka Sagar
Reservoir, Near
Saundatti (d/s)
Surface
water
Conforms to Class D. Most of the heavy metals
were not detected. Pesticides were absent.
W5 Chikka Ulligeri
Village
Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W6 Sangreshkopp
Village
Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W7 Betsur Village Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
W8
Renuka Sagar
Reservoir, Near
Singarkoppa
Village (u/s)
Surface
water
Conforms to Class E. Most of the heavy metals
were not detected. Pesticides were absent.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 141
Sampling
Station
Code
Name of the
sampling
station
Source Results and Discussions
W9 Asundi Village Ground
water
The measured values for the parameters for
those standards have been specified were
observed to be within the said standards.
Most of the heavy metals were not detected.
Pesticides were absent.
3.6.5 Hydrology Profile
Drainage prevailing in the Harsha Sugars study area is shown in Fig. 3.27. Saundatti taluk
falls in Krishna River Basin. The main drainage in the area is drained by Malaprabha Sub
Basin. Kalla Halla passes at a distance of 3.5 km west of the project location. Kalla Halla
is the tributary of Tupar Halla flowing south of the project. Malaprabha Right Bank canal
is passing at a distance of 9 Km East of the Harsha Sugar Factory. The drainage of the
study area is shown in Fig 3.28
3.6.6 Geology
Major part of the study area is occupied with pink and grey granites. Argillite, Quartzite
and Conglomerate occupy a small patch in the Eastern part of the study area. The geology
is shown Fig.3.29.
The area under study is underlined by Peninsular Gneissic complex consisting of granites,
gneisses and migmatites of Achaean age. Dolerite dykes and laterites are also the main
rock formation in the study area. The gneisses at places are exposed as mounds and
hillocks ranging from 3 to 5 m. above ground level. The granites and gneisses are
extensively quarried around the area for use as road metal and construction purposes. The
geology of the area is shown in Fig.3.29. The area is almost a flat terrain and devoid of
worth mentioning hillocks. Granites exposed as quarries are medium to coarse grained,
hard, compact and massive gneisses are distinctively banded and are in various shades of
grey. The strike of foliation is generally NNW – SSE. Major set of joints prevailing in the
area are strike essentially ENE and dip easterly at steep angles. The granites and gneisses
have undergone alteration and decomposition resulting in thick weathered mantle.
The over burden to the granites and gneisses at places are laterites. Laterites are also
found as outcrop in the study area as isolated patches. Thickness of laterite capping vary
from 3 to 15 m. Alluvial soils are found along the nala courses consisting of silty and
clayey soil. These are essentially occurring as slope wash material (colluvial) and water
borne deposits in the topographic depressions.
Conglomerates forms the basal component of Kaladgi sequence and rests on weathered
edges of older gneisses. The conglomerate is composed of angular to subrounded cobble-
sized clasts of quartzite, vein quartz, and cherts. Irregular fragments of haematite jasper
are abundant at places. Compared to quartzite they are less abundant and their place is
taken over by grits.
Argillites are the immediate following the quartzites, are a well-developed sequence
brown to purple in colour with prominent bedding planes. Other argillite horizons also
appear higher up in the sequence. They are locally rich in carbonate.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 142
3.6.6.1 Mineral wealth
Granite may be used in the form of rough blocks of varying dimensions in building
construction as well as in the form of rectangular slabs and tiles, sawn and polished,
varying in thickness from 20 to 200 mm. These are mostly used for exterior finishing of
important buildings, while panels are used both for exterior and interior decoration.
Granite tiles are usually supplied in sizes from 5 x 10 cm up to 60 x 60 cm. Granite
Quarries of ordinary and ornamental type are located in the taluk. The prominent bed of
quartzite forming the Saundatti and Yallamma hill can be a major source of silica. The
quartzite is white and analyses 96 % to 98.5% of silica. The material is considered
suitable for manufacture of silica refractories. Reserves are estimated at 170 million tons.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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143
Fig 3.28 Drainage map of study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
144
Fig 3.29 Geological map of study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 145
3.6.7 Hydrogeology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
Groundwater in the Granitic formation and quartzites occurs under water table condition
in phreatic zone and semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractures at depth. Water
levels will be shallow in most of the wells both in Dug wells and Bore wells. The area
receives ground water source from seepage of the Malaprabha canals in the area in
addition to the rain water precipitation. The phenomenon of shallow water of less than 3m
indicates seepage of canal water to ground water is evident. In such cases there will not be
any conservation structures for recharge to ground water body. Withdrawal of ground
water should be encouraged so as to restrict rise of ground water levels and avoid water
logging conditions.
Monitoring of the existing bore wells in the study area for water levels and water quality
were taken up covering 9 villages in and around Harsha Sugar Industry. Depth to water
level varied from 28.0 m below ground level to 47.0 m below ground level during post
monsoon season. At few places water levels are more than 60 m below ground level. In
few villages bore wells are totally absent since these are covered with Malaprabha River
water supply source.
3.6.7.1 Hydro geological Surveys
Hydro geological surveys were carried out in study area during Post monsoon in 2017. In
all monitored 8 bore wells for water levels and the details are given in Table 3.35. Water
samples were collected from 4 select bore wells and the details are given in Table 3.36.
3.6.7.2 Depth to Water Level
The monitored water levels in and around the Harsha Sugar Industry is presented in
below. Depth to water level map ( Fig.3.30) depicts, shallow water levels of less than 40
m below ground level is seen in and around Chikka Huligere, Sutagatti, Hongal and
Betsur; 40 – 60 m below ground level in and around Harsha Sugars industry area,
Singarakoppa and Karikatte. Water levels of more than 60 m below ground level is
noticed in and around Saundatti.
3.6.7.3 Water table Elevation
Water table elevation with reference to the mean sea level is presented in Fig.3.31. Water
table elevation ranges from less than 600 m above sea level to more than 620 m above
mean sea level. Water table elevation of less than 610 m above mean sea level is seen in
and around Hiresuligere and Hanagal; between 600 and 610 m above mean sea level, in
and around Chikka Huligere, Karikatte, Harsha Sugar Industry area and Singarakoppa;
between 610 and 620 m above mean sea level, in and around Saundatti and Betsur; water
table elevation of more than 620 m above mean sea level in and around Sutgatti. The flow
direction follows the topography.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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146
Table 3.35 Details of Water level monitoring from the existing bore wells (Deep Aquifers) in study area
Sl.No Village WL
(m.bgl) Location
1 Betsur 38.0 Panchayath- Opp. Government School
2 Hiresulligere - No BW in the village
3 Hongal 32.0 Gurappa Chikkumbi- Agri lands
4 Chikka Huligere 28.0 Mallappa residence
5 Harsha Sugars - No BW in the industry
6 Sutgatti 40.0 Dariyappa residence
7 Singarkoppa 47.0 Panchayath – WS Bore towards Saundatti road opposite to agri. lands of Tavanappa Sadri
8 Saundatti >60.0 Panchayath –Opp. Urdu High School
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
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Fig 3.30 Depth to water level map of the study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
148
Fig 3.31 Water table elevation map of the study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 149
3.6.8 Water Quality
Selected water samples were collected during the Hydrogeological Surveys and the same is
presented below. Electrical Conductivity and chloride distribution is shown in Fig. 3.32 and
3.33. Electrical conductivity varies from 212 to 1907 micro mhos per cm at 250 C. Chloride
in ground water in the study area ranges from 80 to 287 ppm. Ground water in the study area
is potable. Constituents like Nitrate, Fluoride and Iron are within the maximum permissible
limit for ground water as per BIS standards for drinking water.
3.6.8.1 Conductivity
Conductivity in water samples in the study area ranges from 651 micro mhos / cm at 250 C to
3340 micro mhos / cm at 250 C. Conductivity having more than 3000 micro mhos / cm at
250C may be considered as either brackish or saline and is found occurring in and around
Hongal village. The distribution of conductivity in ground water for the study area is shown
in Fig.3.32.
3.6.8.2 Chloride
Chloride in water samples in the study area ranges from 45 ppm to 494.1 ppm. Chloride
constituent in ground water is within the permissible limits. The distribution of chloride in
ground water for the study area is shown in Fig.3.33. Water quality with reference to
desirable and maximum permissible limits with reference to Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) for drinking water is presented.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table.3.36 Details of Water Quality monitoring from the existing bore wells (Deep Aquifers) in the study area
Sl.
No.
Well.
No. Location pH
Specific
Conduct
ance
µ mhos / cm
Ca Mg Na K Fe CO3
HC
O3Cl F NO3 SO4 TDS
Total
Hardness
mg / L
Acceptable limit (mg/l) 6.5-8.5 - 75 30 - - 0.3 - - 250 1.00 45 200 500 300
Permissible limit (mg/l) 6.5-8.5 - 200 100 - - 0.3 - - 1000 1.5 45 400 2000 600
1 Saundatti 7.34 1549 99.2 48.6 164 2.0 BDL 72 316 107.62 0.19 17.70 72.33 988 448
2 Betsur 6.86 651 44.8 19.44 68 0.8 BDL Nil 168 45 0.52 5.53 16.95 411 192
3 Hongal 7.77 3340 76 43.74 468 2 BDL 60 250 494.1 0.75 13.13 564.44 2140 370
4 Sutgatti 7.31 1446 64 24.3 212 0.8 0.08 80 292 101.75 0.46 20.47 112.17 910 260
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 3.32 Electrical Conductivity distribution in the study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
152
Fig 3.33 Chloride distribution in the study area (10 Km radius)
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
153
3.6.9 Historical Data
3.6.9.1 Ground Water Development
In the limestone and sand stone areas, ground water occurs in the weathered zones / bedding
Groundwater in the Granitic formation and quartzites occurs under water table condition in
phreatic zone and semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractures at depth. Water
levels will be shallow in most of the wells both in Dug wells and Bore wells. The area
receives ground water source from seepage of the Malaprabha canals in the area in addition
to the rain water precipitation. The phenomenon of shallow water of less than 3 m indicates
seepage of canal water to ground water is evident. In such cases there will not be any
conservation structures for recharge to ground water body. Withdrawal of ground water
should be encouraged so as to restrict rise of ground water levels and avoid water logging
conditions.
Monitoring of the existing bore wells in the study area for water levels and water quality were
taken up covering 9 villages in and around Harsha Sugar industry. Depth to water level varied
from 28.0 m below ground level to 47.0 m below ground level during post monsoon season.
At few places water levels are more than 60 m below ground level. In few villages bore wells
are totally absent since these are covered with Malaprabha River water supply source.
3.6.9.2 National Hydrograph Stations monitored by Central Ground Water Board
Central Ground Water Board, Government of India has established 4 National Hydrograph
Stations in Saundatti taluk for water level and water quality monitoring 5 times a year.
Monitoring data for more than 10 years is given in Table. 3.37 to 3.40 and the Hydrographs
are shown in Fig.3.34 to 3.37. The Hydrographs depict rise in water level in 3 hydrographs
and decline in one station.
Table. 3.37 NHS data at Mamadapura, Saundatti Taluk
25-01-1983 12.41 25-05-1994 13.39 25-05-2005 9.49
25-04-1983 18.7 25-08-1994 10.39 25-08-2005 5.49
25-06-1983 2.67 25-11-1994 7.93 05-11-2005 5.32
25-08-1983 8.22 25-01-1995 10.91 05-01-2006 5.15
25-11-1983 11.82 25-05-1995 12.1 25-05-2006 9
25-01-1984 13.85 25-08-1995 9.84 25-08-2006 5.95
25-04-1984 16.55 25-11-1995 6.77 05-11-2006 4.98
25-06-1984 19.25 25-01-1996 11.1 05-01-2007 5.89
25-08-1984 17.98 25-05-1996 16.8 25-05-2007 9.55
25-11-1984 9.86 25-08-1996 9.2 25-08-2007 2.19
25-01-1985 12.78 25-11-1996 2.21 05-11-2007 5.75
25-05-1985 21.36 25-01-1997 8.24 05-01-2008 6.14
25-08-1985 10.72 25-05-1997 13.13 25-05-2008 9.6
25-11-1985 14.55 25-08-1997 8.19 25-08-2008 7.98
25-01-1986 18.8 05-11-1997 8.15 05-11-2008 5.58
25-05-1986 19.23 05-01-1998 10.9 05-01-2009 5.05
25-08-1986 18.7 25-05-1998 12.93 25-05-2009 4.61
25-11-1986 8.61 25-08-1998 3.87 25-08-2009 6.62
25-01-1987 16.05 05-11-1998 5.37 25-11-2009 3.93
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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25-05-1987 18.57 05-01-1999 6.35 05-01-2010 4.51
25-08-1987 14.58 25-05-1999 8.54 25-05-2010 8.42
25-11-1987 12.86 25-08-1999 7.68 25-08-2010 6.52
25-01-1988 10.51 05-11-1999 1.97 05-11-2010 4.71
25-05-1988 18.71 05-01-2000 8.86 05-01-2011 4.79
25-08-1988 10.15 25-05-2000 10.24 25-05-2011 9.07
25-11-1988 11.83 25-08-2000 11.52 25-08-2011 6.29
25-01-1989 14.18 05-11-2000 7.05 05-01-2012 5.48
25-05-1989 18.33 05-01-2001 7.63 25-05-2012 9.91
25-08-1989 18.87 25-05-2001 11.22 25-08-2012 8.12
25-11-1989 9.49 25-08-2001 9.94 05-11-2012 7.45
25-01-1990 12.65 05-11-2001 10.04 05-01-2013 6.15
25-05-1990 15.56 05-01-2002 11.86 25-05-2013 7.06
25-11-1990 9.43 25-05-2002 7.63 25-08-2013 5.7
25-05-1991 10.2 25-08-2002 17.08 05-11-2013 6.33
25-11-1991 9.69 05-11-2002 13.8 05-01-2014 5.89
25-05-1992 10.21 05-01-2003 14.28 25-05-2014 9.87
25-08-1992 10 25-05-2003 14.62 25-08-2014 5.6
25-11-1992 5.55 05-11-2003 15.14 05-11-2014 5.63
25-01-1993 9.28 05-01-2004 13.54 05-01-2015 5.12
25-05-1993 12.3 25-05-2004 11.06 25-05-2015 5.17
25-08-1993 9.39 25-08-2004 7.47 25-08-2015 6.01
25-11-1993 5.12 05-11-2004 7.6 05-11-2015 8.05
25-01-1994 8.41 05-01-2005 6.35 05-01-2016 8.97
Source: cgwb.gov.in
Table. 3.38 NHS data at Munavalli, Saundatti Taluk
25-01-1988 2.65 05-01-1999 2.07 25-05-2007 8.66
25-08-1988 4.08 25-05-1999 4.87 25-08-2007 1.21
25-11-1988 2.86 25-08-1999 3.31 05-11-2007 2.78
25-01-1989 2.58 05-11-1999 1.6 05-01-2008 2.36
25-05-1989 2.98 14-12-1999 2.2 25-05-2008 6.37
25-08-1989 2.2 05-01-2000 1.37 25-08-2008 6.97
25-11-1989 2.02 25-05-2000 5.22 05-11-2008 3.87
25-01-1990 2.61 25-08-2000 3.36 05-01-2009 2.72
25-05-1990 3.27 05-11-2000 3.17 25-05-2009 8.27
25-11-1990 1.94 05-01-2001 1.53 25-08-2009 4.51
25-11-1991 1.81 25-05-2001 7.55 25-11-2009 2.2
25-05-1992 3.6 25-08-2001 7.16 05-01-2010 1.8
25-01-1993 2.03 05-11-2001 3.31 25-05-2010 7.14
25-05-1993 3.28 05-01-2002 2.84 25-08-2010 6.35
25-11-1993 2 25-05-2002 8.15 05-11-2010 2.55
25-05-1994 4.91 25-08-2002 7.79 05-01-2011 3.09
25-08-1994 3.17 05-11-2002 5.24 25-05-2011 6.87
25-11-1994 2.4 05-01-2003 3.39 25-08-2011 4.66
25-01-1995 2.17 25-05-2003 7.67 05-01-2012 2.45
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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25-05-1995 3.62 25-08-2003 7.54 25-05-2012 7.2
25-08-1995 5.22 05-11-2003 7.11 25-08-2012 7.55
25-11-1995 2.56 05-01-2004 4.1 05-11-2013 7.07
25-05-1996 6.8 25-05-2004 8.25 05-01-2014 4.52
25-08-1996 4.02 25-08-2004 8.03 25-08-2014 8.77
25-11-1996 1.48 05-11-2004 5.67 05-11-2014 7.41
25-01-1997 2.38 05-01-2005 2.35 05-01-2015 3.49
25-05-1997 4.15 25-08-2005 7.67 05-01-2016 9.05
25-08-1997 4.55 05-11-2005 4.56 25-05.2016 9.25
05-11-1997 0.72 05-01-2006 2.15 25-08-2017 6.77
05-01-1998 1.97 25-05-2006 5.04 05-11-2017 5.41
25-05-1998 3.82 25-08-2006 6.07
25-08-1998 2.73 05-11-2006 3.06
05-11-1998 1.8 05-01-2007 2.03 Source: cgwb.gov.in
Table 3.39 NHS data at Saundatti, Saundatti Taluk
25-04-1981 9.73 25-11-1992 8.88 25-08-2004 3.15
25-06-1981 12.17 25-01-1993 7.54 05-11-2004 2.77
25-08-1981 8.06 25-05-1993 8.36 05-01-2005 3.48
25-11-1981 7.52 25-08-1993 6.39 25-05-2005 5.25
25-01-1982 9.92 25-11-1993 8.36 25-08-2005 3.82
25-04-1982 9.4 25-05-1994 8.87 05-11-2005 3.35
25-06-1982 9.02 25-08-1994 8.29 05-01-2006 4.35
25-08-1982 8.75 25-11-1994 6.5 25-05-2006 5.26
25-11-1982 7.79 25-01-1995 7.4 25-08-2006 3.52
25-01-1983 8.53 25-05-1995 8.82 05-11-2006 2.62
25-04-1983 8.93 25-08-1995 8.12 05-01-2007 3.35
25-06-1983 9.58 25-11-1995 7.34 25-05-2007 5.16
25-08-1983 8.32 25-01-1996 8.2 25-08-2007 1.5
25-11-1983 8.44 25-05-1996 9.1 05-11-2007 2.31
25-01-1984 8.8 25-08-1996 8.19 05-01-2008 3.45
25-04-1984 9.75 25-11-1996 4.45 25-05-2008 3.72
25-06-1984 9.81 25-01-1997 5.73 25-08-2008 3.37
25-08-1984 9.3 25-05-1997 7.6 05-11-2008 3.84
25-11-1984 8.82 25-08-1997 7.03 05-01-2009 3.62
25-01-1985 7.02 05-11-1997 5.32 25-05-2009 5.07
25-08-1985 9.84 05-01-1998 4.82 25-08-2009 3.92
25-11-1985 6.85 25-05-1998 4.29 25-11-2009 1.96
25-01-1986 9.57 25-08-1998 4.4 05-01-2010 2.88
25-05-1986 10.22 05-11-1998 3.09 25-05-2010 3.81
25-08-1986 9.75 05-01-1999 3.57 25-08-2010 2.99
25-11-1986 8.59 25-05-1999 8.9 05-11-2010 2.09
25-01-1987 9.02 25-08-1999 3.38 05-01-2011 2.71
25-05-1987 10.3 05-11-1999 4.05 25-05-2011 4.22
25-08-1987 9.7 14-12-1999 3.92 25-08-2011 4
25-11-1987 9.52 05-01-2000 3.72 05-01-2012 4.66
25-01-1988 9.42 25-05-2000 5.18 25-05-2012 6
25-05-1988 10.58 25-08-2000 1.84 25-08-2012 6.47
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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25-08-1988 9.25 05-11-2000 2.92 05-11-2012 5.36
25-11-1988 9.3 05-01-2001 3.24 05-01-2013 6.08
25-01-1989 4.85 25-05-2001 4.8 25-05-2013 7.36
25-05-1989 9.52 25-08-2001 4.57 25-08-2013 6.58
25-08-1989 9.25 05-11-2001 3.46 05-11-2013 5.62
25-11-1989 8.58 05-01-2002 3.84 05-01-2014 5.74
25-01-1990 9.02 25-05-2002 4.47 25-05-2014 6.23
25-05-1990 8.84 25-08-2002 3.86 25-08-2014 6.26
25-11-1990 8.78 05-11-2002 3.35 05-11-2014 5.32
25-01-1991 8.57 05-01-2003 3.58 05-01-2015 5.54
25-05-1991 9.25 25-05-2003 4.02 25-05-2015 6.42
25-11-1991 6.8 25-08-2003 3.99 25-08-2015 6.78
25-01-1992 7.62 05-11-2003 3.3 05-11-2015 5.36
25-05-1992 8.91 05-01-2004 3.72 05-01-2016 6.22
25-08-1992 8.01 25-05-2004 5.08
Source: cgwb.gov.in
Table 3.40 NHS data at Sapola, Saundatti Taluk
25-05-1992 14.66 25-08-2000 7.62 25-05-2008 5.25
25-08-1992 7.15 05-11-2000 0.91 25-08-2008 7.39
25-11-1992 8.04 05-01-2001 1.84 05-11-2008 5.1
25-05-1993 15.72 25-05-2001 7.84 05-01-2009 5.16
25-11-1993 5.36 25-08-2001 10.09 05-01-2010 0.34
25-05-1994 17.21 05-11-2001 5.42 25-05-2010 4
25-11-1994 4.73 05-01-2002 9.84 25-08-2010 3.39
25-01-1995 6.02 25-05-2002 6.47 05-11-2010 1.61
25-05-1995 13 25-08-2002 17.71 05-01-2011 3.64
25-11-1995 16.65 05-11-2002 16.19 25-05-2011 7.02
25-01-1996 12.26 05-01-2003 18.91 25-08-2011 1.34
25-05-1996 17.7 25-05-2003 10.06 05-01-2012 2.75
25-08-1996 15.18 25-08-2003 11.12 25-05-2012 10.21
25-11-1996 1.84 05-11-2003 11.22 25-08-2012 10.19
25-01-1997 2.46 05-01-2004 18.78 05-11-2012 9.74
25-05-1997 9.58 25-08-2004 12.91 05-01-2013 8.07
25-08-1997 7.63 05-11-2004 8.14 25-05-2013 12.54
05-11-1997 7.71 05-01-2005 7.23 25-08-2013 15.01
05-01-1998 8.36 25-08-2005 4.38 05-11-2013 9.54
25-05-1998 17.09 05-11-2005 5.56 05-01-2014 11.7
25-08-1998 3.64 05-01-2006 10.16 25-05-2014 3.49
05-11-1998 1.25 25-05-2006 11.36 25-08-2014 2.05
05-01-1999 1.41 25-08-2006 10.46 05-11-2014 1.62
25-05-1999 7.46 05-11-2006 8.29 05-01-2015 3.48
25-08-1999 8.27 05-01-2007 7.87 25-05-2015 7.76
05-11-1999 2.21 25-05-2007 4.22 25-08-2015 12.96
14-12-1999 3.22 25-08-2007 1.07 05-11-2015 11.61
05-01-2000 4.07 05-11-2007 2.39 05-01-2016 17.27
25-05-2000 8.83 05-01-2008 4.46
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
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Source: cgwb.gov.in
Source: cgwb.gov.in
Fig 3.34 Hydrograph at Mamadapur, Saundatti taluk
Source: cgwb.gov.in
Fig 3.35 Hydrograph at Munavalli, Saundatti taluk
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Source: cgwb.gov.in
Fig 3.36 Hydrograph at Saundatti, Saundatti taluk
Source: cgwb.gov.in
Fig 3.37 Hydrograph at Sapola, Saundatti taluk
y = ‐0.000x + 23.93
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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3.6.10 Ground Water Resources
The Ground Water Resources for the assessment unit as “Taluk” for Saundatti Taluk of
Belagavi District of Karnataka State as per the Ground Water Estimation Committee
methodology (GEM) - 1997, as on 31st March 2009 show the Dynamic Ground Water
Resources of Saundatti with 10087 Ham as total ground water recharge, 9311Ham is net
ground water availability, allocation for domestic and industrial use till 2025 will be 619
Ham. The stage of ground water development is 108%. The taluk is categorized as Over-
exploited.
It is noted from the above table that Saundatti taluk as a whole experience Over Exploited
nature in ground water development point of view. This indicates ground water extraction is
more than the ground water recharge.
3.7 Biological Environment
3.7.1 Background of the study area
3.7.1.1 Description of Project Site & Study Area
A. Project Site
Location Saundatti Village, Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi District
Area 51.3 acres (20.76 Ha)
Soil type Black soil and red soil
Previous land-use Agricultural land
Existing plant species
available within the
project site
Acacia leucophloea, Azadirachta indica, Bixa orellana, Carica
papaya, Dypsis lutescens, Ficus benjamina, Grevillea robusta,
Holoptelea integrifolia, etc
B. Study area
Climate & Rainfall Semi-arid dry zone, Hot and humid climate with scanty rain fall
in the range between 550-650 mm
Soil type Clay, Red and Black cotton soils
Crops grown in the study
area
Wheat, Jowar, Maize, Bajra, Groundnut, Sunflower, Sugarcane,
Mango, Sapota, Papaya, Guava, etc.
Protected areas and
ecologically sensitive
areas within 10 km radius
from the project site
Nil
Reserve Forest within the
study area Nil
Open scrub vegetation
within the study area Yellamma gudda
Diversion of forest land Nil
Rivers and streams
Malaprabha River -12.2 km; NW Direction
Kalla Halla - 3.5 Km; S Direction
Tupari Halla- 9 Km; S Direction
Chikka Halla- 7.8 Km; SW Direction
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.1.2 River Malaprabha/ Renukasagar Reservoir
The Malaprabha River originates from Chorla Ghats, which is a part of Western Ghats. It is a
tributary river to the Krishna River and it flows through the Dharwad district. The
Malaprabha River is an important river in north Karnataka. Renuka Sagara, also known as
Malaprabha reservoir and Navilutheertha reservoir, is a dam and impounding reservoir
constructed across the Malaprabha River in the Krishna River basin. It is situated at
Naviluthreertha village in Saundatti Taluk of Belagavi district in North Karnataka, India.
Renuka sagara Reservoir is located at a distance of 5 Km from the project site.
Fig 3.38 View of Malaprabha River
3.7.1.3Yellamma gudda (open scrub vegetation)
In the study area, Yellamma gudda is located at a distance of 7.09 Km from the project site
which involves open scrub vegetation. As per Champion and Seth’s (1968) classification, this
open scrub is composed of tropical thorn forests. The floral composition involves Alangium
salviifolium, Azadirachta indica, Acacia concinna, Annona squamosa, Euphorbia neriifolia,
Kirganelia reticulate, Phoenix sylvestris, Ziziphus oenoplia, Feronia elephantum, etc.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 3.39 View of Yellamma gudda
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.2 Methodology
In order to understand the ecological status of the study area, the entire study area is divided into four quartiles i.e. NW, NE, SE and SW. In each
of the quartile, 2 sampling locations will be selected depending upon prevailing land use and topography. Phyto-sociological parameters such as
dominance, IVI, density will be calculated and to understand the species diversity, Shanon - Wiener index will be calculated. Based on the above
parameters, carbon sinking potential of the study area will be calculated. Methodology adopted for collection of primary data is detailed below;
3.7.2.1 Primary data - Flora
Sl. No. Habitat Method Size of the quadrate (m) Number of quadrates
Time and duration of sampling
1 Trees Quadrate
method
100 x 100 8 November 2017, Post-monsoon,
One time data collection 2 Shrubs 50 x 50 8
3 Herbs and Grass 5 x 5 8
3.7.2.2 Primary data - Fauna
Sl. No. Habitat Method Length (m) Number Time and duration of sampling
1 Fauna Transect method 1000 8 November 2017, Post-monsoon,
One time data collection 2 Butterflies Transect method 1000 8
3 Avi-fauna Point count method -- 8
3.7.2.3 Secondary data
Forest working plan of Belagavi Forest Division (2012-22), Botanical Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India, IUCN Red Data Book,
Wildlife Schedules from Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Book of Indian Birds(Salim Ali, 1983 & 2012), ENVIS, FRLHT, Butterflies of India
(Singh, 2011), Reptiles of India (Daniel, 2002), Handbook on Weed identification (Dr. Naidu, 2012) and Common Dry land Trees of Karnataka
(Kavitha, 2012) will be used for the identification and validation of species and published literature will be referred for calculation of carbon
sinking potential. Consultation with local people and respective Forest Divisions will also be carried out during the site visit to understand the
distribution and seasonality of herbs, shrubs and fauna in the region. The unidentified species were photographed and the specimens were
collected and verified by using BSI, FRLHT and Digital Flora of IISc data base and will be cross checked with experts.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Fig 3.40 Study area map showing sampling locations
Table 3.41 Details of sampling locations
Sl.No Quartile Sampling location Geographical co-ordinates Criteria
1
NW
Near Asundi
(Malaprabha River)
15o46’10.1”N, 75
o01’29.4”E Near Reservoir near
primary drainage
2 Near Karikatti 15o43’54.3”N, 75
o01’45.3”E Agricultural land use and
water tank
3
NE
Along SH 30 15o44’38.1”N, 75
o04’13.0”E Agricultural land use
4 Near Saundatti
(Malaprabha River)
15o48’26.7”N, 75
o06’46.7”E Near Reservoir
5 Yellamma gudda 15°45'13.51"N, 75°08'31.91"E Scrub Forest
6
SE
Behind industry 15o42’40.6”N, 75
o03’45.8”E Agricultural land use and
water tank
7 Hire Hulligere 15o39’56.4”N, 75
o05’14.9”E Agricultural land use near
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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secondary drainage
8
SW
Near Kallahalla 15o42’47.3”N, 75
o01’29.9”E Agricultural land use near
secondary drainage
9 Near Yadahalli 15o39’36”N, 74
o59’49.9”E Agricultural land use near
secondary drainage
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.3 Results & Discussions
3.7.4 Flora-Project site
3.7.4.1 Shrubs and Herbs Community
There are no trees at project site. A total of 54 species of herbs belonging to 16 families and 42 genera, 2 species of shrubs belonging to 2 families and 2
genera and 7 species of climbers belonging to 4 families and 7 genera were recorded during the survey. Of which, 4 species of herbs belongs to Least
Concern category as per IUCN conservation status, 2017 and remaining are common to the region. Poaceae and Fabaceae are the dominant families
consisting of 11 and 10 species respectively, followed by Malvaceae (n=6), Amaranthaceae (n=5) and Solanaceae (n=5). Abutilon hirtum, Hibiscus
panduriformis, Eragrostis tenella, Cassia tora and Parthenium hysterophorus are the predominant species recorded at the project site. Agave sisalana and
Calotropis proceraare the two important medicinal shrubs noted during the study. The check list of shrubs, herbs and climbers recorded at the project site
along with their IUCN/RET status, uses and family-wise number of shrubs, herbs and climbers are tabulated below;
Table 3.42 Diversity of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded at the project site.
Sl.No. Scientific name Common name Family
IUCN
conservation
status, 2017
RETstatus Uses
Herbs
1 Abelmoschus esculents Bendekayi Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Edible
2 Abelmoschus moschatus Kasturi bende Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
3 Abutilon hirtum Tutti Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
4 Abutilon indicum Gidutingi Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
5 Achyranthes aspera Utrani-gida Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
6 Alternanthera Bettzickiana Honganne soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental, Edible
7 Alternanthera sessilis Honganne soppu Amaranthaceae Least concern Common Medicinal, Folk
8 Alysicarpus longifolius Naamada soppu Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Folk
9 Alysicarpus ovalifolius Naamada soppu Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
10 Amaranthus viridis Cheakeerae soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
11 Argemone mexicana Datthoori Papavaraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
12 Eragrostis ciliaris -- Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
13 Eragrostis tenella -- Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
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and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Sl.No. Scientific name Common name Family
IUCN
conservation
status, 2017
RETstatus Uses
14 Aristida personata Porke Poaceae Not Assessed Common Erosion control
15 Boerhavia erecta Komme Nyctaginaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
16 Brachiaria ramosa Bennakki hullu Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
17 Cassia tora Chagate Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
18 Chrozophoraplicata Nilkanthi Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
19 Coix barbata Manjutti Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
20 Commelina forskaolii Gubbachi bale Commelinaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
21 Corchorus fascicularis Chunchali soppu Tiliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
22 Corchorustrilocularis Ennepundi Tiliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
23 Coronopus didymus Gabbu kothambari Brassicaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
24 Crotalaria juncea Sanabu gida Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
25 Crotalaria medicaginea Guluguluppahalli Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
26 Crotalaria retusa Guluguluppahalli Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal
27 Croton bonplandianum Alpabedhi soppu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
28 Cynodondactylon Ambate hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
29 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Kadu ragi hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
30 Datura stramonium Umbe Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
31 Desmodium laxiflorum Otte gida Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
32 Digera arvensis Sanchila soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
33 Dinebra retroflexa Halgyan hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Fodder grass
34 Echinochloa colona Kaadu haaraka Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
35 Eragrostis unioloides Dharbe hullu Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
36 Euphorbia thymifolia Bilechitra phala Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
37 Heteropogon contortus Kaarda hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
38 Hibiscus panduriformis Kadu dasavala Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Twine preparation
39 Hibiscus vitifolius Kaadu pindi soppu Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
40 Indigofera linnaei Channe gida Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
41 Justicia procumbens Nela bevu Acanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Sl.No. Scientific name Common name Family
IUCN
conservation
status, 2017
RETstatus Uses
42 Lycopersiconesculentum Tomaato Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
43 Parthenium hysterophorus Congress gida Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
44 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Madaraas neli Phyllanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
45 Phyllanthus niruri Kirunelli Phyllanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
46 Physalis minima Bandula Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
47 Prosopis juliflora Bellari jali Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Fuel wood
48 Senna uniflora Nelavarike Caesalpiniaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
49 Solanum viarum Nelagulle Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
50 Solanum xanthocarpum Chikkasonde Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
51 Sonchus arvensis Kadu sevanthi Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
52 Tridaxprocumbens Nettagabbu Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
53 Triumfettarhomboidea Kaadu bende Tiliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
54 Waltheria indica Kari bende Sterculiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Shrubs
1 Agave sisalana Boodu kathaale Asparagaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Folk
2 Calotropis procera Bili aekka Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Climbers
1 Atylosia scarabaeoides Kadu togari Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
2 Cardiospermum halicacabum Agniballi Sapindaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
3 Cucumis maderaspatanus Chitrati Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
4 Coccinia grandis Kaage thonde Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
5 Convolvulus sepium Niru hambu Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
6 Cucurbitaceae pepo Bileegumbala Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Vegetable
7 Merremia emarginata Tigade balli Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Edible and medicinal Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.4.2 Saplings procured for the proposed green belt plantation
The industry is in construction phase and no tree species with a girth size > 30 cm were recorded at the project site. However, several saplings were planted
and procured for green belt development inside the industrial premises. Therefore, the checklist of the tree saplings procured as a part of green belt
development plan along with their family, uses and IUCN/RET conservation status is given below. A total of 16 species belonging to 14 families were
procured as a part of green belt development plan for the existing year 2017-18. Dypsis lutescens and Platycladus orientalis are the tree species belonging
to Near Threatened category as per IUCN conservation status, 2017. Species like Bixa orellana, Ficus benjamina, Grevillea robusta, Plumeria alba,
Sterculia Foetida, Tabebuia rosea, Platycladus orientalis and Trewia nudiflora are the predominant ornamental tree saplings recorded in the industrial
premises.
Table 3.43 Checklist of trees saplings planted/procured as a part of Green Belt Development Plan.
Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation
status, 2017 RETstatus Uses
Acacia leucophloea Bili-jali Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Edible,medicinal and agro forestry
Azadirachta indica Bevu Meliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal,timber and traditional
Bixa orellana Rangamali Bixaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal and Ornamental edges
Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae Not Assessed Common Data Deficient
Dypsis lutescens Adake Arecaceae Near Threatened Common Ornamental and windbreak
Ficus benjamina Jaavaatthi Moraceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental
Grevillea robusta Silver mara Proteaceae Not Assessed Common Timber and edge planting
Holoptelea integrifolia Kaladri Ulmaceae Not Assessed Common Timber and medicinal
Plumeria alba Devaganagilu Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental and medicinal
Pongamia pinnata Honge Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Timber and bio fuel
Prosopis cineraria Banni mara Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Timber and traditional
Sterculia Foetida Bhatala penari Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal and gum
Tabebuia rosea Tabubia Bignoniaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental edges
Terminalia catappa Kadubadami Combertaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal and windbreak
Platycladus orientalis - Cupressaceae Near Threatened Common Ornamental and windbreak
Trewia nudiflora Kaadugumbala Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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A total of 7 shrub saplings belonging to 5 families were recorded at the industrial premises which were procured as a part of Green Belt Development Plan.
All the recorded shrubs possess ornamental importance and are commonly used for edge plantations. The checklist of the shrub saplings procured/planted
in the industrial premises along with their family, uses and IUCN/RET conservation status is given below.
Table 3.44 Checklist of shrub saplings planted/procured as a part of Green Belt Development Plan
Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation status,
2017 RETstatus Uses
Acalypha wilkesiana Kuppugida Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal and Ornamental edges
Allamanda cathartica Arasinhu Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal and Ornamental edges
Duranta goldiana Nilkanta Verbenaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental
Hibiscus rosa sinensis Dasavala Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental
Plumaria pudica Kadusampage Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental and medicinal
Rhapis excelsa Thale Arecaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental and rope making
Tabernaemontana divaricata Kottu haale Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Green belt plantation in the industrial premises
Saplings procured for green belt plantation
Fig 3.42 Greenery development photographs
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.5 Study area
3.7.5.1 Tree Community
A total of 5 species belonging to 3 families and 4 genera were recorded, among them Azadirachta
indica (n=24) is the most dominant tree species recorded followed by Acacia nilotica (n=5) and
Acacia chundra (n=4). All the recorded species were common to the region and no RET species
were recorded in the study area. Species like Acacia nilotica, Acacia chundra, Azadirachta indica
and Leucaena leucocephala are the important tree species in agri-silvipastoral system of agro
forestry.
The importance value index is used to determine the overall importance of the each species in the
community structure, Trees with greater IVI values includes Azadirachta indica (IVI -198.58)
followed by Acacia chundra (IVI -33.60) and Acacia nilotica (IVI -29.71) with the least one being
Leucaena leucocephala with IVI of 12.21. The dominant tree species, Azadirachta indica
contributed basal area of 0.3192m2/ha followed by Acacia nilotica basal area of 0.0249 m2/ha. In
addition to this diversity indices such as Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Simpson diversity
index were estimated to be 1.049 and 0.535. Azadirachta indica is the only species having highest
frequency of 62.5% (5 plots), followed by Acacia chundra and Holoptelea integrifolia with a
frequency of 25% each (2 plots each). The girth class distribution shows that maximum number of
stems falls under 60-90 cm girth class (14 trees) which contributes to 38.89% of the total
individuals followed by 30-60 cm girth class (13 trees) which contributes to 36.11% of the total
individuals. The checklist of trees with their IUCN/RET status, uses, phyto-sociological
parameters and girth class distributions recorded in the study area are tabulated below:
Table 3.45 Checklist of tree species recorded in the study area with their IUCN/RET status
and uses
Scientific name Common
name Family
IUCN
conservation
status, 2017
RETstatus Uses
Acacia chundra Kaggali Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Timber, medicinal
Acacia nilotica Karijali Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Agricultural
implements, timber
Azadirachta indica Bevu Meliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, pesticide,
traditional
Holoptelea integrifolia Kaladri Ulmaceae Not Assessed Common Timber, medicinal
Leucaena leucocephala Chiguru Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Fodder, fuel wood,
medicinal Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team
Table 3.46 Phyto-sociological parameters of Trees in study area
Sl.No. Scientific name n OC FR RD RF RDo IVI BA (m2/ha)
1 Acacia chundra 4 2 25 11.11 18.18 4.31 33.60 0.0159
2 Acacia nilotica 5 1 12.5 13.88 9.09 6.73 29.71 0.0249
3 Azadirachta indica 24 5 62.5 66.66 45.45 86.46 198.58 0.3192
4 Holoptelea integrifolia 2 2 25 5.55 18.18 2.13 25.87 0.0079
5 Leucaena leucocephala 1 1 12.5 2.77 9.09 0.34 12.21 0.0013 Note: n= number, OC= occurrence, FR=Frequency, RD=Relative Density, RF= Relative Frequency, RDo= Relative
dominance, IVI= Importance value index, BA= Basal area
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 3.47 Girth class distribution of trees in the study area
Sl. No. Girth class Number Percentage (%)
1 0-30 0 0.00
2 30-60 13 36.11
3 60-90 14 38.89
4 90-120 4 11.11
5 120-150 2 5.56
6 150-180 1 2.78
7 180-210 0 0.00
8 210-240 0 0.00
9 240-270 1 2.78
10 270-300 1 2.78
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.5.2 Shrubs and Herbs Community
In the study area, a total of 70 species of herbs belonging to 19 families and 53 genera, 8 species of shrubs belonging to 5 families and 7 genera and 9
species of climbers belonging to 3 families and 7 genera were recorded during the survey. Of which, 14 species of herbs belongs to Least Concern category
as per IUCN conservation status, 2017 and remaining are common to the region. Poaceae and Fabaceae are the most dominant families which consists of
12 species each, followed by Euphorbiaceae (n=7) and Asteraceae (n=7). Alysicarpus longifolius, Brachiaria ramosa, Cassia tora and Parthenium
hysterophorus are the species distributed all over the study area. Vitex negundo, Catharanthus roseus, Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantean are the
important medicinal shrubs noted during the study. The checklist of shrubs, herbs and climbers recorded in study area with their IUCN/RET status, uses
and family-wise number of shrubs, herbs and climbers are tabulated below;
Table 3.48 Diversity of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded in the study area.
Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation status,
2017 RETstatus Uses
Herbs
Abutilon hirtum Tutti Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal
Abutilon indicum Gidutingi Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal
Acalypha indica Chal maari Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Folk
Achyranthes aspera Utrani-gida Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Adhatoda zeylanica Aadumuttada gida Acanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Alternanthera Bettzickiana Honganne soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Ornamental, Edible
Alternanthera sessilis Honganne soppu Amaranthaceae Least concern Common Medicinal, Folk
Alysicarpus bupleurifolius - Fabaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Alysicarpus longifolius - Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Folk
Alysicarpus vaginalis Naamada soppu Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Amaranthus viridis Cheakeerae soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Argemone mexicana Datthoori Papavaraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Aristida adscenscionis Kaadu nose hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Atylosia scarabaeoides Kadu togari Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Brachiaria eruciformis Antu garike hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Brachiaria ramosa Bennakki hullu Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Brachiaria reptans Thappare hullu Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation status,
2017 RETstatus Uses
Cassia tora Chagate Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Celosia argentea Khadakatheera Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Chrozophoraplicata Lingamenasu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Coix barbata Manjutti Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Commelina benghalensis Kanne soppu Commelinaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Corchorustrilocularis Ennepundi Tiliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Crotalaria hebecarpa Guluguluppahalli Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Crotalaria juncea Sanabu gida Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Crotalaria medicaginea Guluguluppahalli Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Crotalaria retusa Guluguluppahalli Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Edible, medicinal
Croton bonplandianum Alpabedhi soppu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Cyanotis axillaris Negalukanne Commelinaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Cyanotis cristata Bettada kanne Commelinaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Cynodon dactylon Ambate hullu Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Cyperus difformis Tunge hullu Cyperaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Cyperus kyllingia Kornarigadde Cyperaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Cyperus rotundus Abda hullu Cyperaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Datura metel Dhatura Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Digera arvensis Sanchila soppu Amaranthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Echinochloa colona Kaadu haaraka Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Eclipta Alba Garagadasappu Asteraceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Eleusine indica Kaadu raagi Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Eragrostis ciliaris - Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Eriocaulonsieboldianum - Eriocaulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Euphorbia hirta Achhe soppu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Euphorbia pulcherrima Halu soppu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Euphorbia thymifolia Bilechitra phala Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Evolvulus nummularius Kuppe gida Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Fimbristylisdichotoma Neeru sabsige Cyperaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation status,
2017 RETstatus Uses
Fimbristylismiliacea - Cyperaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Hibiscus panduriformis Kadu dasavala Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Twines
Hibiscus vitifolius Kaadu pindi soppu Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Leptochloachinensis - Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Lycopersiconesculentum Tomato Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Mollugopentaphylla Jaradsi Molluginaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Parthenium hysterophorus Congress gida Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Phyllanthus niruri Kirunelli Phyllanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Phyllanthus simplex Kila nelly Phyllanthaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Portulacaoleracea Doddagonisoppu Portulacaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Saccharumspontaneum Darbhe hullu Poaceae Least concern Common Medicinal
Setaria viridis Navanakki Poaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Sidaacuta Bheemanakaddi Malvaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Solanum nigrum Ganike Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Solanum viarum Kasibadane Solanaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Sonchus arvensis Kadu sevanthi Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Sonchusoleraceus Naayihakkarike Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Tephrosiapurpurea Kogge Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Tribulusterrestris Govinamullu Zygophyllaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Tridaxprocumbens Nettagabbu Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Triumfettarhomboidea Kaadu bende Tiliaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Volutarella divaricata Visha-phale Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Waltheria indica Kari bende Sterculiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Xanthium strumarium Maruluummatti Asteraceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Shrubs
Caesalpinia sappan Sappange Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Calotropis gigantea Yakkeda-gida Asclepiadaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Calotropis procera Bili aekka Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Catharanthus roseus Thuruku mallige Apocynaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Scientific name Local name Family IUCN conservation status,
2017 RETstatus Uses
Jatropha curcas Bettada-haralu Euphorbiaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Lantana camara Kadugulabi Verbenaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Prosopis juliflora Bellari jali Fabaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal, Fuel wood
Vitex negundo Bile-nekki Verbenaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Climbers
Cardiospermum halicacabum Agniballi Sapindaceae Not Assessed Common Edible and medicinal
Coccinia grandis Kaage thonde Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Convolvulus arvensis Baalike palya Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Convolvulus Pluricaulis Bilikantisoppu Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Cucumis maderaspatanus Chitrati Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Ipomoea carnea - Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Ipomoea obscura Bilichita bogari Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Luffa acutangula Heere kaayi Cucurbitaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal
Merremia emarginata Tigade Convolvulaceae Not Assessed Common Medicinal Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.7.6 Fauna-project site
A total of 10 avifaunal species (n=72) were recorded at the project site. Out of which, Barn
swallow (n=50), House sparrow (n=8) and Black drongo (n=5) are the predominant species
recorded at the project site. As per IUCN status 2017, all the avifaunal species recorded at the
project site belongs to Least Concern category and belongs to Schedule IV of Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972. All the recorded species are common to the region. The list of
commonly observed birds, butterflies, reptiles and mammals in the project site is given below.
Table 3.49 List of birds recorded at the project site
Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
IUCN
Conservation
Status (2017)
WL(P)A,
1972
schedule
Ashy crowned sparrow lark Eremopterix griseus 2 LC IV
Barn swallow Hirundo rustica 50 LC -
Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 5 LC IV
Blue throat Cyanecula svecica 1 LC IV
Chestnut munia Lonchura atricapilla 1 LC IV
House sparrow Passer domesticus 8 LC IV
Little green bee-eater Merops orientalis 1 LC -
Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri 2 LC IV
White browed wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis 1 LC IV
White wagtail Motacilla alba 1 LC IV Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team; LC-Least Concern.
Blue throat Black drongo
Barn swallow Rose ringed parakeet
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Fig 3.47 Birds recorded at the project site
A total of 6 butterfly species (n= 11) were recorded at the project site which are common to the
region. Out of which, Papilio machaon (n=1) belongs to Schedule II of Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972. Atrophaneura aristolochiae (n=3) and Pieris rapae (n=3) are the predominant
species recorded at the project site.
Table 3.50 List of butterflies recorded at the project site
Common Name Scientific Name OccurrenceIUCN
Conservation
Status (2017)
WL(P)A, 1972
schedule
Cabbage white Pieris rapae 3 NA -
Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe 1 NA -
Common rose Atrophaneura aristolochiae 3 NA -
Common yellow swallowtail Papilio machaon 1 NA II
Danaid eggfly Hypolimnas misippus 1 NA -
Plain tiger Danaus chrysippus 2 NA - Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team; NA-Not Assessed.
3.7.7 Study area
There are no protected areas, eco-sensitive areas around and no specific wildlife habitat has
been observed in the study area. A total of 46 avifaunal species (n=224) were recorded in the
study area. Out of which, Barn swallow (n=32), House sparrow (n=17), Little egret (n=13) and
Red wattled lapwing (n=13) are the predominant species recorded in the study area. As per
IUCN status 2017, Steppe eagle (n=2) belongs to the Endangered category, Woolly necked
stork (n=6) belongs to Vulnerable category, River tern (n=2) and Black headed ibis (n=8)
belongs to Near Threatened category. Steppe eagle and Crested serpent eagle are the only
avifaunal species belonging to Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. All the other
avifaunal species recorded in the study area are common to the region. The list of commonly
observed birds, butterflies, reptiles and mammals in the study area is given below.
Ashy crowned sparrow lark Chestnut munia
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 3.51 List of birds recorded in the study area
Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
IUCN
Conservation
Status, 2017
WL(P)A,
1972
schedule
Ashy crowned sparrow lark Eremopterix griseus 3 LC IV
Ashy drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus 6 LC IV
Ashy prinia Prinia socialis 1 LC IV
Asian openbill stork Anastomus oscitans 1 LC IV
Barn swallow Hirundo rustica 32 LC -
Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 8 LC IV
Black headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus 8 NT IV
Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa 2 LC IV
Black winged stilt Himantopus himantopus 8 LC IV
Blue tailed bee-eater Merops philippinus 2 LC -
Brahminy starling Sturnia pagodarum 1 LC IV
Comb duck Sarkidiornis melanotos 5 LC IV
Common greenshank Tringa nebularia 3 LC IV
Common myna Acridotheres tristis 6 NA IV
Common stonechat Saxicola torquatus 4 NA IV
Crested serpent eagle Spilornis cheela 1 LC I
Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 1 NA IV
Eurasian kingfisher Alcedo atthis 5 LC IV
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 LC IV
Grey heron Ardea cinerea 1 LC IV
Hill myna Gracula religiosa 1 LC IV
House crow Corvus brachyrhynchos 10 LC V
House sparrow Passer domesticus 17 LC IV
Indian bushlark Mirafra erythroptera 4 LC IV
Indian Swiftlet Aerodramus unicolor 2 LC -
Intermediate egret Ardea intermedia 4 LC IV
Laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis 1 LC IV
Lesser whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica 8 LC IV
Little cormorant Microcarbo niger 8 LC IV
Little egret Egretta garzetta 13 LC IV
Little green bee-eater Merops orientalis 8 LC -
Little stint Calidris minuta 2 LC IV
Pond heron Ardeola grayii 1 LC IV
Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiaticus 3 LC IV
Red collared dove Streptopelia tranquebarica 2 LC IV
Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus 13 LC IV
River tern Sterna aurantia 2 NT IV
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
IUCN
Conservation
Status, 2017
WL(P)A,
1972
schedule
Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri 5 LC IV
Scaly breasted munia Lonchura punctulata 1 LC IV
Steppe eagle Aquila nipalensis 2 EN I
Streaked weaver Ploceus manyar 1 LC IV
White browed wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis 1 LC IV
White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 5 LC IV
Woolly necked stork Ciconia episcopus 6 VU IV
Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava 2 LC IV
Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus 3 NA IV
Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team; LC-Least Concern, VU- Vulnerable, EN- Endangered, NT-
Near Threatened and NA - Not Assessed.
Common greenshank Grey heron
Black winged stilt Green sandpiper
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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White browed wagtail Little egret
Black headed ibis
Red wattled lapwing
White throated kingfisher Indian bushlark
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Yellow wagtail Ashy drongo
Little cormorant Laughing dove
Ashy crowned sparrow lark
Woolly necked stork
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Crested serpent eagle Common myna
River tern Eurasian kingfisher
Fig 3.48 Birds recorded in the study area
A total of 19 butterfly species (n= 61) were recorded from the study area which are common to
the region. Out of which, Eurema hecabe (n=8), Pieris rapae (n=6), Everes lacturnus (n=6),
Lampides boeticus (n=6) and Eurema blanda (n=6) are the predominant species recorded in the
study area. Lampides boeticus (n=6) and Euploea core (n=7) are the only species belonging to
Schedule II and Schedule IV of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. As per IUCN conservation
status, Euploea core (n=7) is the only recorded species belonging to Least Concern category.
Table 3.52 List of butterflies recorded in the study area
Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
IUCN
Conservation
Status (2017)
WL(P)A,
1972
schedule
Baronet Symphaedra nais 1 NA -
Blue pancy Junonia orithya 1 NA -
Cabbage white Pieris rapae 6 NA -
Common bush brown Mycalesis perseus 1 NA -
Common crow Euploea core 7 LC IV
Common emigrant Catopsilia pomona 1 NA -
Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe 8 NA -
Common leopard Phalanta phalantha 2 NA -
Common rose Atrophaneura aristolochiae 5 NA -
Danaid eggfly Hypolimnas misippus 1 NA -
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Great eggfly Hypolimnas bolina 1 NA -
Grey pansy Junonia atlites 1 NA -
Indian cupid Everes lacturnus 6 NA -
Mottled emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe 3 NA -
Pea blue butterfly Lampides boeticus 6 NA II
Plain tiger Danaus chrysippus 1 NA -
Striped tiger Danaus genutia 1 NA -
Three spotted grass yellow Eurema blanda 6 NA -
White orange tip Ixias marianne 3 NA -
Note: Species identified by EHSCPL team; LC-Least Concern and NA-Not Assessed
Three spotted grass yellow Blue pansy
Mottled emigrant Indian cupid
Fig 3.49 Butterflies recorded in the study area
Many local people expressed that, fox, wolf, mongoose are the commonly found species in the
study area. The list of reptiles and mammals recorded in the study area are as given below. Of
which, Canis indica belongs to Schedule - I, Naja naja, Semnopithecus entellus and Vulpes
bengalensis belongs to Schedule - II of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. As per IUCN
Conservation status, all the species belongs to Least Concern category and are common to the
region.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Table 3.53 List of reptiles and mammals recorded in the study area
Sl.
No. Common Name Scientific Name Occurrence
IUCN
Conservation
Status, 2017
WL(P)A,
1972
schedule
Reptiles
1 Common Garden Lizard* Calotes versicolor -- NA -
2 Fan throated Lizard* Sitana ponticeriana -- LC -
3 Indian Cobra+ Naja naja -- -- II
4 Oriental Garden Lizard* Calotes versicolor 1 NA --
5 Viper+ Daboia russelii -- LC --
Mammals
1 Barking Deer# Muntiacus muntjak -- LC III
2 Black naped hare+ Lepus nigricollis -- LC IV
3 Grey Mangoose# Herpestes edwardsii -- LC IV
4 Hanuman langur* Semnopithecus entellus 7 LC II
5 Indian Fox+ Vulpes bengalensis -- LC II
6 Indian Palm Squirrel* Funambulus palmarum 1 LC --
7 Indian Wolf+ Canis indica -- NA I
8 Wild Boar+ Sus scrofa -- LC III
Note: * - Species identified by EHSCPL team, + - Secondary information from local people, # - Belagavi
Forest Working Plan; LC-Least Concern and NA-Not Assessed
Hanuman langurs Fan throated lizard
3.7.8 Conclusion
Proposed project is an expansion and no trees were recorded at the project site. However,
sapling were procured for green belt plantations. The project area and the study area supports a
fair amount of floral and faunal species. About 2 species of shrubs belonging to 2 families, 54
species of herbs belonging to 16 families and 7 species of climbers belonging to 3 families
were recorded at the project site. Abutilon hirtum, Hibiscus panduriformis, Eragrostis tenella,
Cassia tora and Parthenium hysterophorus are the predominant recorded at the project site. Of
which 4 species of herbs belongs to Least Concern category as per IUCN conservation status,
2017 and remaining are common to the region.
A total of 16 saplings belonging to 14 families and 7 shrub saplings belonging to 5 families
were recorded which were procured as a part of green belt development plan. Of which, Dypsis
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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lutescensand Platycladus orientalisare the tree species belonging to Near Threatened category
as per IUCN conservation status, 2017.Bixa orellana, Ficus benjamina, Grevillea robusta,
Plumeria alba, Sterculia Foetida, Tabebuia rosea, Platycladus orientalis and Trewia nudiflora
are the predominant ornamental tree saplings recorded in the industrial premises.
A total of 10 avifaunal species (n=72) and 6 butterfly species (n= 11) were recorded at the
project site. Barn swallow and House sparrow are the predominant bird species recorded at the
project site. Rest of the avifaunal species are common to the region Atrophaneura aristolochiae
and Pieris rapae are the predominant butterfly species recorded at the project site. Of which,
Papilio machaon is the only butterfly species belonging to Schedule II of Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972.
About 5 tree species (n=36) belonging to 3 families along with 8 species of shrubs belonging to
5 families, 70 species of herbs belonging to 19 families and 9 species of climbers belonging to
3 families were recorded in the study area. No RET species were recorded in the study area.
Fourteen species of herbs belongs to Least Concern category as per IUCN conservation status,
2017 and remaining are common to the region. Species like Acacia nilotica, Acacia chundra,
Azadirachta indica, Alysicarpus longifolius, Brachiaria ramosa, Cassia tora, Parthenium
hysterophorus and Leucaena leucocephala are the predominant species recorded in the study
area. Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Simpson diversity index of herbs, shrubs and
climbers in the study area were estimated to be 1.049 and 0.535.
A total of 46 avifaunal species (n=224) and 19 butterfly species (n= 61) were recorded in the
study area. Barn swallow, House sparrow, Little egret and Red wattled lapwing are the
predominantly recorded avifaunal species in the study area. As per IUCN status 2017, Steppe
eagle (n=2) belongs to the Endangered category, Woolly necked stork belongs to Vulnerable
category, River tern and Black headed ibis belongs to Near Threatened category. Steppe eagle
and Crested serpent eagle are the only avifaunal species belonging to Schedule I of Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972. All the other avifaunal species recorded in the study area are common
to the region. Eurema hecabe, Pieris rapae, Everes lacturnus, Lampides boeticus and Eurema
blanda are the predominant species recorded in the study area. Lampides boeticus and Euploea
core are the only species belonging to Schedule II and Schedule IV of Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972. As per IUCN conservation status, Euploea core is the only recorded species
belonging to Least Concern category
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 3.50 Field visit Photographs
3.8 Social Environment
3.8.1 Introduction
The proposed industry at Sy No. 411/1, 411/2, 411/3, 413/1, 412, Saundatti Village, Belagavi
District, located in the hub of exhaustive sugar cane cultivation. This will also contribute to
develop the overall economy of the area, providing better employment opportunities to the
local people. The farmers who sell their produce to the neighbouring factories in adjacent
taluks can now benefit selling sugarcane directly to this company, avoiding delay in disposal
and get better price.
3.8.2 Scope of the Socio economic studies
As detailed in the ToR and various references on the sugar plants and distilleries projects, the
scope of the socio economic studies includes the following:
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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To conduct Baseline socio-economic studies within 10 km radius of the project
boundary to understand the socio economic and demographic profile of the impacted
area.
To assess the Land requirement for the project including its optimization, break up of
land requirement and its availability.
To identify the impacts of the project on community as a whole.
To assess the Socio-economic impacts on communities livelihood, socio economic
status, and prepare an action plan to address the expressed needs by communities.
Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) earmarking 2.5 percent of the Project cost
Enterprise. Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details
along with time bound action plan shall be included elaborating the socio economic
development activities.
3.8.3 Baseline Socioeconomic survey and Sampling
In order to collect the information of the desired objective, it is necessary to collect the
authenticate information about the village through personal interaction with people. Hence,
village visits, Social surveys were conducted and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) methods were
used to obtain the baseline information of the area. Interaction with other stakeholders such as
management of the Company, Key officials, employees, NGOs and elected representatives of
the area etc. were also attempted.
To collect socio-economic and demographic details of influenced villages within the radius of
10 Km from the project site was done mainly through analysis of the census, 2011 report of the
villages. Official reports of Belagavi district published by various Government departments
were also analyzed.
3.8.4 Profile of the Project District
The Project is in Saundatti Village, Saundatti taluk in Belagavi District, Karnataka. Belagavi
district has several places of historical importance and a few which are identified with places
mentioned in Hindu mythological accounts. The district comprises of ten taluks viz. Chikodi,
Athni, Raybag, Gokak, Hukeri, Belagavi, Khanapur, Sampgaon, and Ramdurg. Belagavi is the
district head quarters.
The local languages spoken in this city are Kannada and Marathi language and official
language is Kannada. There is also minority number of Urdu, Konkani speakers. Hindi
and English are also understood by the people of the city.
3.8.5 Belagavi District-Highlights
Belagavi with a total population of 47, 79,661 with a Sex ratio of 973 for adults and sex
ratio of 934 among the age-group 0-6 children.
District literacy rate is 73.5 % with male literacy rate of 82.2 percent and female
literacy rate of 64.6 %. The male – female literacy gap in the district is 17.6 percentage
points, which is higher than that registered by the State (14.4 % points).
The Scheduled Caste population is 12.1 percent and the Scheduled Tribe population is
6.2 %.
Work participation rate is 44.1% with male - female work participation rates as 56.6%
and 31.1% respectively.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Among the workers, 82.4 % are Main workers and 17.6 % are Marginal workers.
64.6% of the workers are engaged in Agricultural sector as Cultivators (33.8 %) and
Agricultural Labourers (30.8 %). 2.9 % of the total workers are engaged in Household
Industry and 32.5 % are ‘other workers’. About 55.9 % are non-workers.
Belagavi is the largest district in the state with the total area of 13433 Sq. Km. The
district has a density of 356 and is placed at 8th rank in the State.
Belagavi District has the 1,275 number of villages, 18 Statutory Towns and 13 Census
3.8.6 Project Impact Area
The Project site is well accessed by SH – 30, Malaprabha River from Renukasagar Reservoir
flows at a distance 5 Km away from the project site. The following villages are located in the
study area of 10 Km radius of the project:
Table 3.54 Villages in the Project Influence area (PIA) of 10 km radius
SI. No Villages Distance
(Km) Direction
1 Karikatti 3.45 NW
2 Saundatti 6.25 NE
3 Asundi 4.24 NW
4 Kenchalarkop 5.5 NE
5 Shingarkop 5.2 N
6 Sangreshkoppa 7.82 SW
7 Hireulligeri 6.14 SE
8 Chikkulligeri 6.10 SE
9 Sutagatti 8.34 NW
10 Yadahalli 8.86 NW
11 Yadravi 6.74 NE
12 Betasur 8.18 NE
13 Kencharamanahal 9.2 SW
14 Kabbenur 9.1 SW
3.8.7 Demographic profile of the impacted villages
Demographic profiles of the Project Impacted Villages were analyzed based on the Census
Reports 2011 as discussed below:
3.8.7.1 Land area and households
Total land area of the villages falling within 10 Km radius of the project is 20697 Ha and there
are 14550 households there as detailed in table -3.57 below.
Table 3.55 Area and Households in project Influence villages
Taluk Name of the village Area in Hectares
Total
Households
Saundatti
Karikatti 2352.73 976
Asundi 2071.55 1074
Yadravi 1987.39 615
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Betasur 2681.43 782
Hireulligeri 627.81 362
Chikulligeri 449.05 313
Sangreshkoppa 1136.58 432
Saundatti 5855.21 8552
Kencharlarkop 394.8 16
Shingarkoppa 859.47 346
Sutagatti 852.67 532
Yadahalli 686.83 308
Kencharamanahal 741.91 242
Total 20697.43 14550 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.51 Area and households in the Project Influenced Areas
Kencharlarkop village is the smallest village in area and have only 16 households there. While
Saundatti which is the taluk headquarters, have an area of 5855 Ha with 8552 households.
3.8.7.2 Population
Total population in the PIA villages is 71501 persons with 36043 male and 35458 female.
Average sex ratio is 984. Population and sex ratio of individual villages varies as shown in
Table No 3.58
Table 3.56 Population and sex ratio
0200040006000800010000120001400016000
Karikatti
Asundi
Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkoppa
Saundatti
Kencharlarkop
Shingarkoppa
Sutagatti
Yadahalli
Kencharamana…
Total Households
Area in Hectares
Name of the village Total
Population Total male Total female
Sex
ratio
Karikatti 4835 2437 2398 984
Asundi 5161 2636 2525 958
Yadravi 3258 1666 1592 956
Betasur 4004 2028 1976 974
Hireulligeri 1960 1000 960 960
Chikulligeri 1603 824 779 945
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Source: Census, 2011
Children under- 6 years comprise 12.5 percent of the population as detailed in Table no 3.59
below. Average sex ratio among them is 939 only.
Table 3.57 Population and sex ratio of under 6year children
Name of the
village Child (0-6) Male Female Sex ratio
Karikatti 644 327 317 969
Asundi 643 342 301 880
Yadravi 474 250 224 896
Betasur 563 282 281 996
Hireulligeri 241 125 116 928
Chikulligeri 250 139 111 799
Sangreshkoppa 259 120 139 1158
Saundatti 4945 2497 2448 980
Kencharlarkop 16 3 13 -
Shingarkoppa 250 134 16 119
Sutagatti 344 171 173 1012
Yadahalli 176 86 90 1047
Kencharamanahal 148 90 58 644
Total 8953 4566 4287 939 Source: Census, 2011
3.8.7.3 Scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe population
SC and ST population in the PIA villages are detailed in Table 3.60 below. On an average, 5.71
% of the population is Scheduled caste communities and 3.41 % are scheduled tribe
communities in the PIA villages. SC and ST communities are not reported from
Kencharamanahal village.
Table 3.58 SC/ST population
Name of the
village
SC Population ST Population
Persons % Male Female Persons % Male Female
Karikatti 135 2.79 62 73 102 2.11 49 53
Sangreshkoppa 2081 1044 1037 993
Saundatti 41215 20592 20623 1002
Kencharlarkop 78 36 42 1167
Shingarkoppa 1931 1007 924 918
Sutagatti 2856 1459 1397 958
Yadahalli 1385 729 656 900
Kencharamanahal 1134 585 549 938
Total 71501 36043 35458 984
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Name of the
village
SC Population ST Population
Persons % Male Female Persons % Male Female
Asundi 172 3.33 81 91 65 1.26 35 30
Yadravi 226 6.94 114 112 181 5.56 88 93
Betasur 242 6.04 132 110 120 3.00 66 54
Hireulligeri 48 2.45 21 27 325 16.58 173 152
Chikulligeri 42 2.62 19 23 38 2.37 19 19
Sangreshkoppa 135 6.49 67 68 34 1.63 16 18
Saundatti 2655 6.44 1298 1357 1230 2.98 597 633
Kencharlarkop 2 2.56 1 1 8 10.26 5 3
Shingarkoppa 105 5.44 54 51 182 9.43 95 87
Sutagatti 224 7.84 123 101 85 2.98 43 42
Yadahalli 94 6.79 49 45 66 4.77 37 29
Kencharamanahal 0 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 0
Total 4080 5.71 2021 2059 2436 3.41 1223 1213 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.52 SC and ST population
In Hireulligeri village 16.58 % of the populations belong to scheduled tribe communities and in
Kencharlarkop village 10.26 % are STs. Sutagatti village reports the maximum percentage of
scheduled caste communities which is 7.84 % only.
3.8.7.4 Literacy status
Only 65.65 % of the persons in the PIA villages are literate with 56.48 % males and 43.52 %
female literates. These PIA villages are far behind the District literacy rate (73.5 %) with male
literacy rate of 56.48% and female literacy rate of 43.52% and hence is a backward area. Table-
3.61 gives the literacy status of each village.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
ST %
SC %
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Table 3.59 Literacy status of PIA villages
Name of the
village
Total Literates
Persons % Male % Female %
Karikatti 3074 63.58 1744 56.73 1330 43.27
Asundi 3428 66.42 1985 57.91 1443 42.09
Yadravi 1887 57.92 1123 59.51 764 40.49
Betasur 2394 59.79 1396 58.31 998 41.69
Hireulligeri 1371 69.95 777 56.67 594 43.33
Chikulligeri 991 61.82 599 60.44 392 39.56
Sangreshkoppa 1309 62.90 762 58.21 547 41.79
Saundatti 27950 67.82 15407 55.12 12543 44.88
Kencharlarkop 41 52.56 24 58.54 17 41.46
Shingarkoppa 1121 58.05 692 61.73 429 38.27
Sutagatti 1871 65.51 1088 58.15 783 41.85
Yadahalli 857 61.88 533 62.19 324 37.81
Kencharamanahal 644 56.79 379 58.85 265 41.15
Total 46938 65.65 26509 56.48 20429 43.52 Source: Census, 2011
Table 3.60 Total illiterates in PIA villages
Name of the
village
Total
Illiterates % Male % Female %
Karikatti 1761 36.42 693 39.35 1068 60.65
Asundi 1733 33.58 651 37.56 1082 62.44
Yadravi 1371 42.08 543 39.61 828 60.39
Betasur 1610 40.21 632 39.25 978 60.75
Hireulligeri 589 30.05 223 37.86 366 62.14
Chikulligeri 612 38.18 225 36.76 387 63.24
Sangreshkoppa 772 37.10 282 36.53 490 63.47
Saundatti 13265 32.18 5185 39.09 8080 60.91
Kencharlarkop 37 47.44 12 32.43 25 67.57
Shingarkoppa 810 41.95 315 38.89 495 61.11
Sutagatti 985 34.49 371 37.66 614 62.34
Yadahalli 528 38.12 196 37.12 332 62.88
Kencharamanahal 490 43.21 328 66.94 326 66.53
Total 24563 34.35 9656 39.31 15071 61.36 Source: Census, 2011
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Fig 3.53 Literates and Illiterate Male and Female in PIA villages
As shown above34.35 % of the population in PIA villages are illiterates and among them 61.36
% are females which clarify their backward status. Village level literacy status also does not
show much variation.
3.8.7.5 Educational profile
The number of Educational institutions available in the Government and Private sector in the
PIA villages were collected as noted in Table no 3.63, during the primary surveys in the area.
Table 3.61 Educational facilities in PIA villages
Villages Government schools Private schools
Saundatti Govt Primary& High school
PU College
Government First Grade
College
KLE School
Sri Kumareshwar English
medium School
Renuka Yallamma Educational
Society
Deepak Chauhan School
Kencharlarkop Government Primary school
Yadravi Government Primary school
Betasur Government Primary school
Hireulligeri Government Primary school
Chikulligeri Government Primary school
Sangreshkoppa Government Primary school
& Government High School
Sai Nikethan English Medium Primary
school
Karikatti Government Primary and High
school Jnana Jyothi convent school
Asundi Government Primary school
Government High school
Government PU college
Veerabadreshwara English medium
school
Shingarkoppa Government primary school
Yadahalli Government primary school
Kencharamanahal Government primary school
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Karikatti
Asundi
Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkoppa
Saundatti
Kencharlarkop
Shingarkoppa
Sutagatti
Yadahalli
Kencharamanahal
female illiterates %
male illiterates%
illiterates %
Female literates %
male literates%
Literates%
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Government Primary Schools are available in all the villages but High schools and other
education facilities are very limited. Private Management schools are mostly English medium
schools focused in certain pockets which provide facilities for children from families who can
afford to pay fees. For higher education they have to traverse outside the 10 Km radius is
obvious from this data.
3.8.7.6 Occupational status
Work participation rate is 42.87 % which is more or less in tune with the district average of
44.1 % .Among the workers, 82.28 % are Main workers and 17.72 % are Marginal workers.
Individual status of the PIA villages varies as shown in Table – 3.64below:
Table 3.62 Work participation rate in the PIA villages
Village Name Total
Population
Working
Population Main workers
Marginal
workers
Persons %
Persons % Persons %
Karikatti 4835 1891 39.11 1772 93.71 119 6.29
Asundi 5161 2605 50.47 2180 83.69 425 16.31
Yadravi 3258 1328 40.76 954 71.84 374 28.16
Betasur 4004 1901 47.48 1326 69.75 575 30.25
Hireulligeri 1960 759 38.72 477 62.85 282 37.15
Chikulligeri 1603 892 55.65 874 97.98 18 2.02
Sangreshkoppa 2081 1165 55.98 754 64.72 411 35.28
Saundatti 41215 16340 39.65 13509 82.67 2831 17.33
Kencharlarkop 78 37 47.44 24 64.86 13 35.14
Shingarkoppa 1931 1108 57.38 970 87.55 138 12.45
Sutagatti 2856 1250 43.77 1110 88.80 140 11.20
Yadahalli 1385 735 53.07 639 86.94 96 13.06
Kencharamanahal 1134 654 57.67 642 98.17 12 1.83
Total 71501 30665 42.89 25231 82.28 5434 17.72 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.54 Work participation rates and status of main and marginal workers
Work participation rate among male and female is 50.15 and 49.85 % respectively. There is not
much variation in the male-female work participation rate as per these averages. However, the
individual villages shows much variation as detailed in Table no 3.65 and Fig – 3.55 below:
050100150200
Karikatti
Asundi
Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkop…
Saundatti
Kencharlarkop
Shingarkoppa
Sutagatti
Yadahalli
Kencharama…
Marginal workers
Main workers
Total workers
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Table 3.63 Work participation of male and female
Village Name
Total Worker Population
Total
workers Male % Female %
Karikatti 1891 1403 74.19 488 25.81
Asundi 2605 1506 57.81 1099 42.19
Yadravi 1328 1017 76.58 311 23.42
Betasur 1901 1269 66.75 632 33.25
Hireulligeri 759 544 71.67 215 28.33
Chikulligeri 892 497 55.72 395 44.28
Sangreshkoppa 1165 658 56.48 507 43.52
Saundatti 16340 11813 72.29 4527 27.71
Kencharlarkop 37 21 56.76 16 43.24
Shingarkoppa 1108 618 55.78 490 44.22
Sutagatti 1250 766 61.28 484 38.72
Yadahalli 735 458 62.31 277 37.69
Kencharamanahal 654 328 50.15 326 49.85 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.55 Gender work participation
3.8.7.7 Main workers- Occupational groups
Occupational groups among the main workers are analyzed further in Table no 3.66 and Fig-
3.56 below:
0 50 100
Village Name
Karikatti
Asundi
Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkoppa
Saundatti
Kencharlarkop
Shingarkoppa
Sutagatti
Yadahalli
Kencharamanahal
74.19
57.81
76.58
66.75
71.67
55.72
56.48
72.29
56.76
55.78
61.28
62.31
50.15
25.81
42.19
23.42
33.25
28.33
44.28
43.52
27.71
43.24
44.22
38.72
37.69
49.85
male workers
female workers
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Table 3.64 Occupational categories among main workers
Village Name Main
workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Labourers
Household
Industries
Other
Workers
Nos % Nos % Nos % Nos %
Karikatti 1772 933 52.65 626 35.33 18 1.02 195 11.00
Asundi 2180 858 39.36 860 39.45 18 0.83 444 20.37
Yadravi 954 569 59.64 92 9.64 2 0.21 291 30.50
Betasur 1326 626 47.21 547 41.25 4 0.30 149 11.24
Hireulligeri 477 236 49.48 103 21.59 5 1.05 133 27.88
Chikulligeri 874 573 65.56 181 20.71 2 0.23 118 13.50
Sangreshkoppa 754 193 25.60 403 53.45 10 1.33 148 19.63
Saundatti 13509 2082 15.41 2696 19.96 229 1.70 8502 62.94
Kencharlarkop 24 5 20.83 11 45.83 0 0.00 8 33.33
Shingarkoppa 970 389 40.10 516 53.20 3 0.31 62 6.39
Sutagatti 1110 292 26.31 707 63.69 12 1.08 99 8.92
Yadahalli 639 531 83.10 25 3.91 4 0.63 79 12.36
Kencharamanahal 642 620 96.57 12 1.87 0 0.00 10 1.56
Total 25231 7907 31.34 6779 26.87 307 1.22 10238 40.58 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.56 Occupational categories- main workers
As shown above 58.21 % of the workers are engaged in Agricultural sector as Cultivators
(31.34 %) and Agricultural Labourers (26.87 %). 1.22 percent of the main workers are engaged
in Household Industry and 40.58 % are ‘other workers’. Individual status of the various PIA
villages however shows vide variations as shown in the Table above.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Karikatti
Asundi
Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkoppa
Saundatti
Kencharlarkop
Shingarkoppa
Sutagatti
Yadahalli
Kencharamanahal
Main Other Workers Population
Main Household Industries Population
Main Agricultural Labourers Population
Main Cultivator Population
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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3.8.7.8 Occupational categories among Marginal workers
Marginal workers constitute 17.72 % of the working population and 65.88 % among them
works in the agricultural sector as cultivators (5.08 %) and as agricultural labourers
(60.8percent) 2.01 % works in household industries and remaining 32.48 % works as other
workers. Village wise details are furnished in Table – 3.67 and Fig no 3.57 below which shows
variations.
Table 3.65 Occupational categories of marginal workers in PIA villages
Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.57 Occupational categories of marginal workers in PIA villages
Among marginal workers, women workers are more as it is mostly seasonal and unskilled
labour. As shown in Fig -3.58below, 70.7 % of the agricultural labourers and 59.42 % of the
020406080100120
other wks
HH wks
agri
cultivators
Village name Marginal
workers
Cultivators Agri-labourersHH
workers
Other
workers
Nos % No
%
Nos %
Nos %
Karikatti 119 15 12.61 79 66.39 4 3.36 21 17.65
Asundi 425 18 4.24 360 84.71 2 0.47 45 10.59
Yadravi 374 21 5.61 274 73.26 6 1.6 73 19.52
Betasur 575 14 2.43 531 92.35 3 0.52 27 4.7
Hireulligeri 282 19 6.74 249 88.3 7 2.48 7 2.48
Chikulligeri 18 11 61.11 2 11.11 1 5.56 4 22.22
Sangreshkoppa 411 11 2.68 355 86.37 5 1.22 60 14.6
Saundatti 2831 149 5.26 1109 39.17 77 2.72 1496 52.84
Kencharlarkop 13 0 0 13 100 0 0 0 0
Shingarkoppa 138 8 5.8 129 93.48 0 0 1 0.72
Sutagatti 140 3 2.14 129 92.14 0 0 8 5.71
Yadahalli 96 6 6.25 67 69.79 3 3.13 20 20.83
Kencharamana
hal 12 1 8.33 7 58.33 1 8.33 3 25
Total 5434 276 5.08 3304 60.8 109 2.01 1765 32.48
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cultivators among marginal workers are women. 57.8 % of the other workers and 38.92 % of
the household workers too are women in this category.
Fig 3.58 Women participation among marginal occupational categories
3.8.7.8 Non workers
Non workers are those without any employment represented mostly by children, students,
women, and aged, disabled and those with illness who have to depend on the working
population for their subsistence. 55.6 % of the population in these PIA villages belong to non-
working category and among them 36.75 % are men and 63.25 % are women. Details are
furnished in Table 3.68 and Fig 3.59 below
Table 3.66 Non workers in PIA villages
Villages Non-Working Population
Persons % Male % Female %
Karikatti 2944 60.89 1034 35.12 1910 64.88
Asundi 2556 49.53 1130 44.21 1426 55.79
Yadravi 1930 59.24 649 33.63 1281 66.37
Betasur 2103 52.52 759 36.09 1344 63.91
Hireulligeri 1201 61.28 456 37.97 745 62.03
Chikulligeri 711 44.35 327 45.99 384 54.01
Sangreshkoppa 916 44.02 386 42.14 530 57.86
Saundatti 24875 60.35 8779 35.29 16096 64.71
Kencharlarkop 41 52.56 15 36.59 26 63.41
Shingarkoppa 823 42.62 389 47.27 434 52.73
Sutagatti 136 4.76 15 11.03 121 88.97
Yadahalli 650 46.93 271 41.69 379 58.31
Kencharamanahal 480 42.33 257 53.54 223 46.46
59.42
70.7
57.8
38.92
Women workers
marginal cultivators
agri labourers
HH workers
other workers
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Total 39366 55.06 14467 36.75 24899 63.25 Source: Census, 2011
Fig 3.59 Non workers and male-female representation
3.8.7.9 Health Infrastructure
Health facilities available in the PIA villages are summarized in Table -3.69 below. Three
Primary Health Centres and one Community Health Centre form the main support system
available in the area, besides three Private hospitals in Saundatti village.
Table 3.67 Health infrastructure available in PIA villages
PIA villages Government Private
Saundatti Government taluk hospital
(Community Health Centre)
Navadagi Hospital
Fakeerashetty clinic
Sri Renuka Hospital
Kencharlarkop
Nil
Nil Yadravi
Betasur
Hireulligeri
Chikulligeri
Sangreshkoppa
Karikatti Primary Health Centre
Asundi Primary Health Centre
Sutagatti Primary Health Centre
Shingarkoppa
Yadahalli
Kencharamanahal
3.8.7.10 Water supply and sanitation facilities
The main source of water in the rural villages is tube wells/ bore wells and hand pumps.
Canals/ river, spring, tank/pond /lakes etc are available to a limited extent. An analysis of the
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
female
male
Non working persons
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water sources in the rural areas of the project influence taluks as per 2011 census report are
furnished in Table No 3.70 below
Table 3.68 Water supply and sanitation coverage in the Taluk
Details of water supply-
Saundatti Taluk Total Rural Urban
Total number of Households 67984 59580 8404
Tap water from treated sources 43.12% 37.56% 82.50%
Tap water from untreated sources 19.76% 21.24% 9.33%
Covered well 0.40% 0.44% 0.18%
Uncovered well 4.48% 5.10% 0.05%
Hand pump 6.85% 7.74% 0.55%
Tube well/bore hole 20.77% 23.33% 2.58%
Spring 0.06% 0.07% 0.05%
River/canal 1.23% 0.77% 4.47%
Tank/pond/lake 2.77% 3.16% 0%
Other sources 0.55% 0.59% 0.30%
Latrine facilities Total Rural Urban
With Latrine facilities 25.04% 20.99% 53.75%
Without Latrine facilities 74.96% 79.01% 46.25% Source: Census, 2011
Overall, 62.78 % of the water supply is affected through tap water (treated as well as
untreated) followed by Tube wells and bore wells (20.77 %).When rural water supply
considered tap water is used by 58.8 % and 23.33 % uses bore well /tube well. 91.83 % of
urban water supply tap water and 82.50 % of it is water from treated sources.
As per the Census data (2011) sanitation facilities in the villages in Parasgad (now called as
Saundatti) taluk is limited to 25.04 % only, out of which rural coverage is just 20.99 %.
Remaining 79 percent of the rural families depend on open defecation. But this picture has
changed now with the focus on sanitation by Swatch Bharath Abhiyan programmes. Due to
intensive IEC focus on sanitation the awareness of people has gone up and many are keen to
construct latrines in their premises. Institutional sanitation, especially in schools and such other
institutions also are improving in which CSR funds of corporate companies are channelled.
3.8.7.11 Religious Institutions
Saundatti reminds us of the beautiful and ancient temple of Goddess Renuka (also known as
the Yellamma) situated at a distance of 10.2 Km from the project site. It is at a distance of
70Km from Belagavi and the place can be reached from all the other places by road. Ata
distance of 5 km from the Saundatti town, there is a big hill on which the temple is situated.
The hill was earlier known as Siddhachal Parvat. The temple is built in the Chalukya and
Rashtrakuta style and the Carvings reflect the Jain architecture. The temple was constructed by
Bomappa Naik of Raybag in the year 1514. There are temples of Lord Ganesh, Mallikarjun,
Parshuram, Eknath, Siddeshwar etc., in the temple premises. Devotees from Maharastra, Goa
and Andhra Pradesh also come here, apart from Karnataka, especially during the time of Jatras
which are held twice in a year. The management of the temple has been handed over to the
Government in 1975 and the government has made provisions such as Dharmashalas, Health
centres and other facilities to make the devotees feel at home.
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Hindus being the main religion in the area, there are a number of temples in each and every
village as listed during the primary survey. Worshipping in these temples is a routine affair of
the families. Religious festivals and ceremonies form the major entertainment of the villages.
Table 3.69 List of temples in PIA villages
Village Religious institutions
Saundatti 1)Vittal Mandir
2) Shiridi Sai Baba Temple
3) Basaveshwara Temple
4) Hanuman Temple
5) Sri Venkateshwara Temple
Kencharlarkop 1) Hanuman Temple
2) Vitobha Temple
3) Sri Durgadevi Temple
4) Basaveshwara Temple
Yadravi 1)Hanuman Temple
2) Vitobha Temple
3) Sri DurgadeviTemple
4) Basaveshwara Temple
Betasur 1)Biralingeshwara Temple
2) Kalmeshwar Temple
3) Hanumana Temple
4) Vittal Temple
Hireulligeri 1)Basaveshwara Temple
2) Veerabadreshwara Temple
3) Kariyamma Temple
4) Mylar Temple
Chikulligeri 1)Sangameshwara Temple
2) Hanuman Temple
3) Beerappa Temple
4) Mylarappa Temple
Sangreshkoppa 1)Hanuman Temple
2) Dyamavva Temple
3) Kalmeshwara Temple
4) Basavanna Temple
Karikatti 1)Basaveshwara Temple
2) Beereshwara Temple
3) Gramaevi Temple
4) Hanuman Temple
Asundi 1)Siddalingeshwara Temple
2) Mylarlingeshwar Temple
3) Kurubad Temple
4) Dyamavva Temple
5) Basavanna Temple
6) Hanuman Temple
Shingarkoppa 1)Basavanna Temple
2) Hanuman Temple
3) Vitobha Temple
4) Bireshwara Temple
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Sutagatti 1)Basaveshwara Temple
2) Holi Ajjannana Matha
Yadahalli 1) Hanuman Temple
2) Vithobha Temple
3) Durga Devi Temple
4) Basavehwara Temple
Kencharamanahal 1)Beeralingeshwara Temple
2) Hanuman Temple
Archaeologically important places
Srine of Goddess Yellamma located at 10.2 kms from the project site
3.8.7.12 Social Infrastructure
The Project site is well accessed by SH – 30 which is at a distance of 1.85 Km to the project
site. The nearest airport is situated at 39.43 Km from the factory at Hubli. The nearest township
with residential areas is at Karikatti- at 3.45 Km away from the plant.
Within 10 Km influence zone, there is no tropical forest, biosphere reserve, national park, wild
life sanctuary and coral formation reserve. The Renukasagar Reservoir is at a distance 5 Km
away from the project site.
3.8.7.13 Land form, land use and land ownership.
The project site is situated at Sy No 411/1, 411/2, 413/1, 412, 411/3, Saundatti Village,
Saundatti Taluk, Belagavi Dist, Karnataka in a total land area of 51.3 Acres owned by Harsha
Sugars Ltd. The proposed expansion project is on the existing Industry site of about 51.3 acres
and hence there is no additional land required to be purchased/acquired.
3.8.7.14 Community Consultations
Focus group discussions and structured interactions with stakeholders were organized in all the
14 villages surrounding 10 Km radius of the project. The participants include villagers from all
walks of life as detailed in the list Appended. Structured questionnaires were used for the
interactions and information to be collected. The general feed backs of the villagers are
summarized below:
The overall impression of the villagers about the sugar factory is good. The company
provides them employment and several local developments in the area are steered by
them. This includes provision for drinking water, improved facilities in schools, better
roads, and supports for festivals in temples etc.
But there are some health issues too due to the company. Often the foul smell and black
dust from the chimney troubles them. This need to be plugged through appropriate
measures and save their health.
Cane farmers in the area find this company very helpful as they can sell their product to
the company. They also get regular employment. So the factory generally contributes to
the development and wellbeing of the farmers and villagers.
When the preference of the villagers for local development with CSR funds of the
company a good majority of them demanded medical care supports, since the health
facilities in the villages are very limited. The varies priorities are listed below
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Health facilities /health camps
Drinking water supply
Developing infrastructure facilities in the schools
Better roads
Supports for developing the temples and such other common properties
Supports for the development of Youth
More local employment
Fig 3.60 Photographs of community interactions
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ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.0 Introduction
This section identifies and predicts the potential impacts on different environmental components
due to the construction and operation of the proposed project. It details all the potential impacts
on biophysical and socio-economic components of the local environment due to the proposed
activities and sub-activities.
Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact Assessment
studies. Several qualitative and quantitative techniques and methodologies are used to conduct
analysis of the potential impacts likely to occur as a result of the proposed developmental
activities on physical, ecological and socio-economic environment. Such predictions are
superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the environmental quality to derive at the
ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps to
minimize the adverse impacts and maximize the beneficial impacts on environmental quality
during pre and post project execution.
The proposed project would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases:
During the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short – term
During the operation phase which would have long term effects.
The environmental impact assessment approach used to evaluate the proposed project comprises
of three sequential elements. These are impacts identification, prediction and evaluation/
mitigation measures.
The first step of the impact assessment process involves identifying the key issues associated
with the construction and operation phases of the project. Issues and concerns of the proposed
project are scoped based on the knowledge and experience w.r.t environmental setting and
project elements. Accordingly, the existing environmental system is described and the
components of the projects are determined.
The second step involves identification of the environmental modification that may be
significant, forecasting of the quality and spatial dimension of change in the environment
identified and estimation of the probability that the impact will occur. The third step involves
determination of project benefits.
The sugar unit will work 160-180 days, Co-generation unit and Distillery unit will work
300 days in a year.
Installation of Air pollution control equipments and ETP and CPU will be done before
the operational phase of the expansion project.
4
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4.1 Land Environment
4.1.1 Impact on Land Use
An incremental load in the pollution is anticipated due to expansion activities of the project.
4.1.1.1 Impact on the natural drainage system and soil erosion
There will not be any impacts in the core or buffer area either on the drainage or on the water
regime of the area. However, it is proposed to construct check dams with gully plugs, retaining
walls against slope towards Kalla & Tupara halla situated at 1 & 9 Km respectively from the
proposed project site.
4.1.1.2 Impact on soil fertility
Spent-wash (480 KLD) if disposed to land, will inhibit seed germination, reduce soil fertility
and manganese availability and damage the agricultural crops, thereby economy of the farmers
will get affected.
4.1.2 Mitigation measures
Extensive plantation activities (around 10,000 saplings for 5 years) will be taken up in
project site and also in buffer area around the project site to compensate the pollution
load.
A total of 35000 cum of top soil will be stored in a designated place and it will be reused
for green belt and landscaping works within12 months.
The following section illustrate the protocol for top soil preservation and reuse.
4.1.2.1 Protocol for top soil preservation and reuse
Top soil patches are scattered with thickness varying from 5cm to 50 cm. This soil will
be removed in advance and staked separately at designated area with a height not
exceeding 2m.
Select soil stockpile location to avoid slopes, natural drainage ways and approach road
points.
Temporary seeding - protect topsoil stockpiles by temporarily seeding preferably grass
and legume species as soon as possible, within 30 days after the formation of the
stockpile.
Permanent vegetation - if stockpiles will not be used within 12 months they should be
stabilized with permanent vegetation to control erosion and weeds.
Before spreading topsoil, establish erosion and sedimentation control structures such as
diversions, dikes, waterways and sediment basins.
Maintain grades on the areas to be top soiled according to the approved plan.
Roughening - Immediately prior to spreading the topsoil, loosen the sub grade by disking
or scarifying to a depth of at least 100 mm to ensure bonding of the topsoil and subsoil.
Ensure that soil horizons are replaced in the same order that they were removed.
4.1.2.2 Details of soil erosion prevention plan
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The proposed project layout indicates that, there is no chance for soil erosion after the
completion of project. Detailed green belt development plan and rain water harvesting plan has
been proposed. Details on top soil conservation are summarized herewith.
Drains will be constructed to collect rain water and divert the same to the green belt area
and then to the nearby Kalla & Tupara halla situated at 1Km & 9 Km respectively.
Check dams and ground water percolation pits will be constructed against the streams,
which drain to Kalla & Tupara halla situated at 1Km& 9 Km respectively.
Water collected in check dams will be reused for green belt and landscape maintenance.
Gully plugs will be constructed to arrest the velocity of the flow of water from the
elevated place to downstream area of nallas, in the buffer area of the project.
4.2 Air Environment
4.2.1 Impact on Air Environment
4.2.1.1 Impact during Construction phase
Particulate Matter (PM) would be the predominant pollutant generated from construction
activities. The gaseous emissions such as SO2, NOx, CO would be generated from the
construction equipments from movement of vehicles.
Impact of construction activities on air quality is a cause of concern mainly in the dry
months due to settling of dust particles. The main sources of emission during the
construction period are the movement of equipments at site and dust emitted during the
levelling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities.
The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities depend upon the type of soil
being excavated and the ambient humidity levels.
The impact is likely to be for short duration and confined locally to the construction site
itself. The composition of dust in this kind of operation is however mostly coarse
particles, inorganic and non-toxic in nature. These are not expected to travel long
distance before settling.
The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal, and temporary in nature and levels
decreases gradually as project progresses.
The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction
phase. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be
negligible outside the project boundaries.
Since the proposed project site is away from human settlement, impact on air during
construction phase will be minimum.
4.2.1.1.1 Mitigation measures suggested during construction phase of the project
Any vehicle not meeting the vehicular pollution standards will not be allowed within the
construction activity and emission certificate will be made mandatory & enforced to
contractor to maintain.
Water will be sprayed through water sprinklers/water tankers during dust generating
activities like site clearing, levelling, excavation, material handling etc to suppress the
dust.
Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates will be
covered by tarpaulin sheets to reduce spills on roads and to reduce fugitive emissions.
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The height from which excavated materials are dropped shall be controlled to a
minimum practical height to limit fugitive dust generation from unloading.
Monthly Ambient Air Quality Monitoring will be carried out to ensure for compliance to
NAAQ, 2009 standards.
4.2.1.2 Impacts during Operational phase
The main sources of Air Pollution in the proposed project are the operation of Boilers.
Fly ash deposition on the crops situated in the neighbouring agricultural land affects
yield/ productivity.
CO2 release (44 TPD) from the fermentation process will affect the surrounding ambient
air environment causing regional Green House gas effect in the long term. Not only the
fermentation process and all the activities will contribute towards increase in greenhouse
gases.
Fugitive emission from handling of bagasse storage area will deposit on the neighbouring
agricultural lands and affect the crop productivity.
The capacity of the Boiler installed is as per the following table. However emission from the
boiler will be taken care by providing adequate stack height as per the CPCB guidelines. The
details regarding the boiler are given below:
Table 4.1 Boiler Details
Capacity Pressure Temperature Qty Type Chimney Air Pollution
control device
Existing
140 TPH 126
Kg/cm2
545°C 1Nos
Multi fuel
Travelling
Grate boiler
Ø 3.5 m
effective dia.
85 m height
Electro Static
Precipitator
Proposed
22 TPH 40
kg/cm2
440°C 1Nos
40 % bagasse60
% concentrated
spent wash
fired boiler
Ø 2.8 m
effective dia.
70 m height
Electro Static
Precipitator
Even though DG sets (325 KVA - existing and 2 X 1250 KVA - proposed) will be used at site,
for the prediction of air pollution from the project, it is not included as the same will be only
used during power failure during initial stages and rest of the time, power will be utilized from
cogeneration unit.
Table 4.2 Chimney height calculation
140 TPH Boiler 22 TPH spent wash
boiler
A B
Total bagasse required, T/hr 50.3 3.1
Total spent wash required, T/hr - 6.1
Ash generated, T/hr 0.45 0.21
Stack height based on ash content, m
(H=74(Q) 0.27
) 59.75 48.65
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SO2 in kg/hr 16.10 74.59
Stack height based on sulphur content,
m
(H= 14(Q)0.3
)
32.23 51.04
Proposed stack height, m 85 (already
provided) 70
A: 100 % bagasse
B: 60 % concentrated spent wash + 40 % bagasse
Characteristics of fuels used in the boiler
Table 4.3 Typical characteristics of bagasse
Sl No Parameter Composition, % by weight
1 H2 2.8-3.25
2 C 23.4-23.5
3 S 0-0.016
4 N2 0-0.1
5 O2 20-21.75
5 Moisture 50-52
6 Ash 0.9
7 GCV 2270 kcal/kg
Table 4.4 Typical characteristics of spent wash concentrate
Sl No Parameter Composition, % by weight
1 H2 2.59
2 C 19.92
3 S 0.6
4 N2 1.35
5 Moisture 47
5 Ash 3
6 GCV 1700 kcal/kg
4.2.2 Modelling Procedure
4.2.2.1 Methodology:
Prediction of ground level concentrations (GLC’s) due to proposed Sugar complex has been
made by AERMODcloud model. AERMOD is an US-EPA approved model to predict the air
quality. The model uses rural dispersion and regulatory defaults options as per guidelines on air
quality models. The model assumes receptors on flat terrain. Meteorological inputs required are
hourly wind speed and direction, ambient temperature, stability class and mixing height and
wind exponents.
4.2.2.2 Plan and Frame Work of Computations
a) Selection of Locations:
The locations have been selected around the proposed sugar complex covering an area of 10 km
radius from the centre of proposed project. The entire area has been put on grid network and grid
spacing has been taken as 500 m.
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b) Plan of Computation:
It was planned to compute the following:
The 24 hourly averaged incremental concentration with hourly data.
The identification of grid point having peak concentration for the incremental values.
Preparation of isopleths of various pollutants.
Emission rate of each pollutant’s is based on their composition in the fuel used.
Model is run for the operation of all the boilers (existing and expansion) to know the
maximum impact due to the project with and without the air pollution control measures.
Table 4.5 Model Input
140 TPH (Existing) 22 TPH (proposed)
Stack height 85 m 70 m
Velocity, m/s 10 10
Stack dia 3.5 2.8
Emission rate without APC , g/sec
PM 125.8 58.5
SO2 4.47 20.62
NO2 22.93 48.4
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Fig 4.1 Isopleths drawn for PM without mitigation measures
Maximum Incremental Particulate matter load due to the project: 38.2 µg/m3 at a distance of 500 m towards ENE direction
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Fig 4.2 Isopleths drawn for SO2 without mitigation measures
Maximum Incremental SO2 load due to the proposed project is: 2.5µg/m3 at a distance of 500 m towards ENE direction
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Fig 4.3 Isopleths drawn for NO2 without mitigation measures
Maximum Incremental NO2 load due to the proposed project is 19.1 µg/m3 at a distance of 500m towards ENE direction
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Following table depicts predicted concentration of above parameters without APC in the study area villages
Table 4.6 Values of PM without mitigation measures
Sl
No
Villages
Predicted Values
PM NO2 SO2
01 Singarkoppa 3.786 1.649 0.218
02 Asundi 3.955 1.706 0.225
03 Karikatti 3.955 1.706 0.225
04 Sutagatti 3.955 1.706 0.225
05 Hittangi 3.786 1.649 0.218
06 Saundatti 5.452 2.312 0.304
07 Yadravi 7.642 3.813 0.490
08 Betsur 3.736 1.64 0.218
09 Chikka Ulligeri 3.481 1.543 0.199
10 Hire Ulligeri 3.481 1.543 0.199
11 Yadihalli 3.013 1.421 0.185
12 Sangreshkoppa 3.013 1.421 0.185
13 Kenchamanahal 3.013 1.421 0.185
14 Kabbenur 3.013 1.421 0.185
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Table 4.7 Air quality Index for predicted air quality after expansion- without Mitigation Measures
Location
PM10,
g/m3
98
Percentile
PM10,
g/m3
Modeling
values
Total
AQI Remarks
SO2,
g/m3
98
Percentile
SO2,
g/m3
Modeling
values
Total AQI Remarks
NO2,
g/m3
98
Percentile
NO2,
g/m3
Modeling
values
Total AQI Remarks
A1 80.00 10.868 90.868 90.868 Satisfactory 9.51 0.772 10.282 13.525 Good 16.42 5.656 22.076 27.595 Good
A2 76.08 3.955 80.035 80.035 Satisfactory 9.89 0.225 10.115 12.643 Good 17.22 1.706 18.926 23.657 Good
A3 66.54 3.013 69.553 69.553 Satisfactory 9.28 0.185 9.465 12.643 Good 18.50 1.421 19.921 24.901 Good
A4 67.54 5.452 72.992 72.992 Satisfactory 9.75 0.304 10.054 12.567 Good 16.43 2.312 18.742 23.427 Good
A5 62.00 3.736 65.736 65.736 Satisfactory 9.90 0.218 10.118 12.647 Good 17.16 1.64 18.800 23.500 Good
A6 67.62 3.481 71.101 71.101 Satisfactory 9.52 0.199 9.719 12.148 Good 16.89 1.543 18.433 23.041 Good
A7 71.08 3.955 75.035 75.035 Satisfactory 12.21 0.225 12.435 15.543 Good 18.64 1.706 20.346 25.432 Good
A8 73.54 3.786 77.326 77.326 Satisfactory 9.12 0.218 9.338 11.672 Good 18.12 1.649 19.769 24.711 Good
It is clear from the above table, Emission of particulate matter from 140 TPH and proposed 22 TPH boilers is estimated to be 38.2 μg/Nm3.
Further, it is inferred from the above table that, the total baseline concentration of particulate matter at the site is 90.868 g/m3which indicates
closer to the NAAQ standards and prolonged exposure of such concentration breathing discomfort to the population of nearby areas. Particulate
emission results in breathing discomfort to the people near the source and villagers of the NE and W side of the project site. Apart from humans,
particulate emission causes damage to the vegetation of the area. Hence, Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is suggested to install as a mitigation
measure. The air quality w.r.t SO2, NO2, is good.
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4.2.2.3 Air Pollution Control Equipment
4.2.2.3.1 Technical Specification of Electrostatic Precipitator
Table 4.8 Technical Specification of Electrostatic Precipitator
Design volume 419400 cum/hr
Design temperature 1300 C
Inlet dust concentration 6 gm/nm3
Efficiency 99.0 %
No of gas passages 18
Velocity through ESP 0.48 m/s
Treatment time 21.3 sec
No of fields 3
Outlet dust concentration > 150 mg/m3
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Fig 4.4 Isopleths drawn for PM with mitigation measures
Installation of Electrostatic precipitator to boiler chimney will decrease the Maximum concentration of PM from the project to 2.491 μg/Nm3 (at a
distance of 500 m towards ENE direction) and Installation of dust catchers, Closed conveyor belts for bagasse will also reduce the particulate
matter emission from the bagasse handling area.
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Fig 4.5 Isopleths drawn for SO2 with mitigation measures
Maximum concentration of SO2 from the project will be 0.5 µg/Nm3 at a distance of 500 m towards ENE direction
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Fig 4.6 Isopleths drawn for NO2 with mitigation measures
Maximum concentration of NO2 from the project will be 1.2 µg/Nm3at a distance of 500m towards ENE direction
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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Table 4.9 Values for PM with mitigation measures
SI No
Villages
Predicted Values
PM NO2 SO2
01 Shingarakoppa 0.218 0.093 0.034
02 Asundi 0.225 0.096 0.035
03 Hittangi 0.218 0.093 0.034
04 Sutagatti 0.225 0.096 0.035
05 Karikatti 0.225 0.096 0.035
06 Saundatti 0.304 0.13 0.047
07 Yadravi 0.490 0.239 0.092
08 Betsur 0.218 0.097 0.036
09 Hire Uliigeri 0.199 0.087 0.032
10 Chikka Ulligeri 0.199 0.087 0.032
11 Yadihalli 0.185 0.083 0.031
12 Sangreshakoppa 0.185 0.083 0.031
13 Kenchamanahal 0.185 0.083 0.031
14 Kabbenur 0.185 0.083 0.031
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Table 4.10 Air quality Index for the predicted air quality after expansion - with Mitigation Measures
Location
PM,
g/m3
PM,
g/m3
predicted
values
Total PM after
expansion,g/m3 AQI Remarks
SO2,
g/m3
SO2,
g/m3
predicted
values
Total SO2 after
expansion,g/m3 AQI Remarks
NO2,
g/m3
NO2,
g/m3
predicted
values
Total NO2 after
expansion,g/m3 AQI Remarks
A1 80.00 0.772 80.772 80.772 Satisfactory 9.51 0.148 9.658 12.075 Good 16.42 0.387 16.807 21.008 Good
A2 76.08 0.225 76.305 76.305 Satisfactory 9.89 0.035 9.925 12.406 Good 17.22 0.096 17.316 21.645 Good
A3 66.54 0.185 66.725 66.725 Satisfactory 9.28 0.031 9.311 11.638 Good 18.50 0.083 18.583 23.228 Good
A4 67.54 0.304 67.844 67.844 Satisfactory 9.75 0.047 9.797 12.246 Good 16.43 0.13 16.560 20.700 Good
A5 62.00 0.225 62.225 62.225 Satisfactory 9.90 0.036 9.936 12.420 Good 17.16 0.097 17.257 21.571 Good
A6 67.62 0.199 67.819 67.819 Satisfactory 9.52 0.032 9.552 11.940 Good 16.89 0.087 16.977 21.221 Good
A7 71.08 0.225 71.305 71.305 Satisfactory 12.21 0.035 12.245 15.306 Good 18.64 0.096 18.736 23.420 Good
A8 73.54 0.218 73.758 73.758 Satisfactory 9.12 0.034 9.154 11.442 Good 18.12 0.093 18.213 22.766 Good
From the above table it is clear that air quality in the study area is found to be satisfactory and good level will be continued during the operational
phase of the project with Air Pollution Control device. Following are the list of villages in the impact zone:
Table 4.11 List of villages in the impact zone
Name of the Village Distance from project site in Km Total Population
Saundatti 6.25 (NE) 41215
Yadravi 7.15 (NE) 3258
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4.2.2.4 Mitigation measures
Following measures will be taken to reduce the impact on the air quality:
Stacks/chimneys will be/are provided to Boiler and D.G.Sets as per KSPCB Norms.
ESPs will be provided to the boilers of 140 TPH and 22 TPH with stack height of 85m
and 70 m respectively.
Restriction of use of DG sets and well paved roads will reduce the impact
The released CO2 will be converted to liquid CO2 and dry ice. Proper optimization of
use of fuels and transportation system along with plantation in buffer area will reduce
the emission of green house gases.
Bagasse will be stored in the covered yard. Closed conveyor belts for bagasse will also
reduce the particulate matter emission from the bagasse handling area.
33% Greenbelt development will create aesthetic environment and also acts as a
pollution sink for dust emissions.
Continuous online monitoring of stack will be installed to know the emission level. The
same will be connected to KSPCB/CPCB server.
4.2.3 Fugitive Emissions (Particulate matter)
The presence of fugitive emissions would be visible if not controlled and would cause
significant adverse impact in working zone. A number of mitigation measures shall be
implemented to control fugitive emissions and reviewed continuously such as:
Designing the plant layout in such a way so as to virtually eliminate need of using
heavy equipment for material handling in the main plant.
Internal roads paved and levelled without undulations as well as sharp curves, maintain
slow speed of vehicular movements.
No open storage of raw materials/ chemicals.
Tree plantation on periphery of the project site.
Table 4.12 Fugitive Emissions control strategy
Sl.
No.
Item Control Strategy
1) Transportation Water sprinklers will be provided to reduce dust.
2) Cane handling Water spraying for dedusting. Plantation around source
3) Bagasse storage Design stockpiles to reduce exposure to prevailing winds
Minimising the distance that bagasse falls during movement
Fully enclosing bagasse handling conveyors, particularly transfer
points
Installing belt cleaning systems so that bagasse is not carried
back on the underside of conveyor belts
Implementing a bagasse dust management plan that prescribes
mitigation measures for unfavourable weather conditions
Installing a water spray system to reduce dust emissions around,
and from the site.
4) Greenery Greenbelt development (33 % of total plot area)
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Electrostatic Precipitator Closed conveyor belts and 85 mt Chimney
Fig 4.7 Photos of existing air pollution management
4.2.4 Fly ash Management
Flyash from bagasse boilers is primarily unburnt bagasse particles. Bagasse fly ash can be
utilised for the production of bricks. After conditioning, bottom ash and flyash will be
conveyed in a common conveyor and collected in Ash silo. Following shows the comparison
between normal clay bricks and bagasse flyash bricks.
Table 4.13 Comparison between normal clay bricks and bagasse flyash bricks
Sl. No. Description Clay Bricks Bagasse Ash Fly ash
Bricks
1. Size, mm 215 X 100 X 70 230 X 100 X 75
2. Volume, cm3 1505 1725
3. Bricks in 1 Cum Masonry 664 500
4. Density, Kg/m3 1600 1668
5. Cost in Rupees 4000/1000 2420/1000
6. Compressive Strength,
Kg/cm2
30-50 30-50
7. Water Absorption, % 20-25 8-12
The incineration boiler ash will also be sent to nearby brick manufacturers.
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4.2.5 Impact due to Odour
4.2.5.1 Sugar section
Typical compounds generating odour in sugar industry are bacterial decomposition of
organic matter (stale cane smell) & bacterial decomposition of sulphur compounds
(H2S).
Causes of odour are stale cane, bad mill sanitation, bacterial growth in the
interconnecting pipes & unattended drains etc.
Improper management of press mud (300 TPD), boiler ash (20.25 TPD), ETP sludge(50
TPD) will lead to odour pollution affecting the working population by inducing head
ache, nausea, annoyance, etc., Also affects the ground water and soil if used as manure
unscientifically leading to reduced crop yield, health problems to neighbouring
villagers.
4.2.5.2 Mitigation Measures
Use of mill sanitation bio-cides to minimize the growth of aerobic / anaerobic micro–
organisms.
Steaming of major pipe lines.
Proper cleaning of drains.
Regular use of bleaching powder in the drains to avoid growth of sulphur decomposing
micro-organisms to control H2S generation.
Good quality manure will be manufactured by mixing of proper proportions of Press
mud, ETP sludge and boiler ash (5 %)
4.2.5.3 Distillery section
Typical odour compounds in distillery are alcohol, iso amyl & iso butyl alcohol (fusel
oils), acetic acid.
Causes of odour are bad management of fermentation house, long retention of
fermented wash, unattended drains.
4.2.5.4 Mitigation Measures
Better housekeeping by regular steaming of all fermentation equipments.
Regular steaming of all fermentation equipment.
Use of efficient bio-cides to control bacterial contamination.
Control of temperature during fermentation to avoid in-activation / killing of yeast.
Avoiding staling of fermented wash.
Regular use of bleaching powder in the drains to avoid generation of putrefying micro-
organisms.
4.2.6 Impact on Traffic
The raw material and finished products of the proposed plant will be transported by road.
Since the activity is Industries, the vehicles will move from & to the Project between
24hr.
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Total traffic generated from this project =1329 PCU’s/day.
However as per IRC capacity table, the entire traffic generated per day is taken for
impact calculation.
100% of the generated traffic will first exit on to SH-30.
4.2.6.1 Traffic flow - emission rate:
By considering the CPCB vehicular emission standards for Bharat Stage III, emission from the
vehicular exhaust is calculated.
By traffic study report, a typical day traffic flow pattern is as detailed in the Table 3.18; due to
the movement of trucks/ vehicles (1329 PCU’s) carrying sugar cane will increase the
concentration of CO and particulate matter in the roads will cause dust allergy, eye and nose
irritation, breathing difficulties, head ache to humans and wilting of plants in the sides of the
roads and also inhibit growth of the plants. Based on the same, emission of CO from different
types of the vehicles are presented below:
Table 4.14 Emission from vehicles from the project, g/km
Vehicles CO
Cars 2.0
Heavy vehicles 2.1
2/3 wheelers 2.0
Using CALINEpro model developed by M/s Envitrans model has been run for predecting the
concentration of CO from the movement of vehicles during the season.
Fig 4.8 Predicted Concentration of Carbon Monoxide due to movement of vehicles
From the above it is clear that, due to movement of vehicles to and from the project will
increase the concentration of CO in the ambient air. The maximum predicted concentration of
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Carbon monoxide will be 0.86 mg/Nm3 (or 860 µg/Nm
3) due to movement of trucks, which is
very below the NAAQ, 2009 standard for CO.
4.2.6.2 Internal Transportation
Cane is transported to mill house by cane conveyors. All the materials in the sugar section
transported using inter carriers, Sugar carriers. Impact on traffic is negligible as the existing
traffic around the villages is very minimum.
Wide Approach and internal roads
Fig 4.9 Photos showing parking area and internal roads
4.2.7 Mitigation measures
Road sign &signage’s (No overtaking, drive safely, Major road ahead for the vehicles
coming out from the project before joining to highway), direction boards, Speed limit
boards (30 kmph) shall be installed.
High mast light near the main entry & exit is required.
For an internal approach road, sign boards like speed limit (15 kmph), No horn, drive
slowly boards etc, must be installed.
Bell mouth entry & exit to SH-30 must be provided for safe turning, merging of
vehicles to the main road.
Providing large parking yard and que system followed within the industry. Training/
guidance imparted to truck drivers on the following
Avoid idling — idling exhaust contains more pollutants than running exhaust
Keeping the vehicle well-tuned and tires inflated properly to reduce exhaust
emissions
Avoiding mixing of fuels
Loading & unloading points informatory boards needs to be installed.
Hand in hand, pedestrian sidewalks also to be developed as a good number of people
will use the T-junction and walk to the project. Merging of vehicles will be performed
only to left traffic from the exit point of the junction to ensure safety.
The internal entry point gate is manned with efficient security who can guide the entry
and exit of vehicles.
All precautionary measures are ensured for the safety of construction labourers while
working at the site during construction.
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Road side plantation is already present. Industry will take measures for the additional
plantation in the buffer area.
4.3 Noise Environment
4.3.1 Impact during Construction Phase
Various sources of noise pollution will be from the operation of machineries like compactors,
concrete plant, cranes etc. Other sources of noise pollution during construction period includes
movement of vehicles for unloading of construction materials, fabrication, handling of
equipment and materials, operation of batching plants. Overall, the impact of noise generated
on the Environment is likely to be insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly
confined to the day time. Labourers exposed to continuous noise levels due to various
construction activities will be affected viz. mental stress, irritation, discomfort.
4.3.2 Impact during Operational Phase
Noise generating machinery operations at Sugar unit are sugarcane cutting, crushing, sugar
separation, steam production, noise making equipments such as cutters, crushers, mixers,
pumps, boilers etc.
During operation phase, various industrial activities viz., movement of vehicles, cane carriers,
turbine operations will result in increase of Ambient Noise levels to 90 dB (A) (Baseline value:
52.15 dB (A)-during day) thereby affecting the Fauna.
All connecting roads to sugar mill complex will be metalled one. Cane loading will be
restricted to the capacity. Vehicle maintenance, proper lubrication to machinery will be
arranged. Tree plantation on the campus and on the connecting roads is initiated and
will be done each year.
4.3.2.1 Noise from cogeneration unit
Steam turbines : 85-90 dB (A )
Diesel Generators : 75-80 dB (A)
Fans, blowers and compressors : 80-85 dB (A)
The sound intensity appears to be at moderate level in co-gen power. In general at the locations
of turbines, compressors, fans etc., the sound intensity generally exceeds the limit. Control
measures will be adopted to reduce noise level within the permissible limits at the source itself.
These machineries are installed on vibration proof foundation and base. Steam turbine and
diesel generators are located in isolated and acoustic building. The workers engaged in such
locations are provided with earmuffs to have additional safety against noise nuisance. These
units will be manufactured to meet the noise levels as per MOEF/ CPCB guidelines.
Additional DG sets (2 X 1250 KVA) will be provided with acoustics measures. Also ambient
noise levels will be ensured within the ambient standards by inbuilt design of mechanical
equipment and building apart from vegetation (tree plantations) along the periphery and at
various locations within the industry premises. Source of noise will be various components of
industrial operations like crushing, operation of the boiler, power plant, D G Sets and vehicular
movement.
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4.3.2.2 dhwaniPRO Noise model
dhwaniPRO noise model is developed to undertake construction, industrial and traffic noise
propagation. The model is used to predict the impact of noise on receptors from the noise
generation source. It is also used to predict impact due to group noise sources in the industrial
complex (multiple sound sources) and traffic. Various noise receptors were considered within
10 Km radius of study area.
Table 4.15 Results of Noise prediction model
Sl.
No.
Name of the
location
Model noise
level in
dB(A)
Distance
in km
Baseline noise
levels in dB(A)
CPCB
standards in
dB(A) for day
time 1 Project site 59.07 -- 52.15 75
2 Karikatti village 31.34 3.45 50.11
55
3 Asundi village 29.61 4.24 48.66
4 Singarkoppa village 26.27 5.2 50.92
5 Saundatti village 22.34 6.25 47.26
6 Hire Ulligeri village 24.88 6.14 46.28
7 Sangreshkop village 23.88 7.2 49.29
8 Betsur village 21.75 8.18 51.01
Based on the model results, the noise levels during operation period noise will increase slightly.
However, by implementation of mitigation measures at site, the noise levels will be reduced.
The predicted noise level at project site is 59.07 dB (A) which is very much within the
standards.
Fig 4.10 Isopleths drawn using dhwaniPRO software
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4.3.3 Mitigation Measures
Provision of insulating caps at the exit of noise source on the machinery;
Construction equipment generating minimum noise and vibration will be chosen.
The use of damping materials such as thin rubber / lead sheet for wrapping the work
places line compressors, generators sets.
Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce impact;
PPE's like Ear plugs/ ear muffs provided to the workers exposed to high noise prone
activity and enforced to be used by the workers;
Monthly Ambient noise level monitoring will conducted during construction phase and
operation phase to conform to the stipulated standards both during day and night time as
per KSPCB/ CPCB.
Construction activities will be restricted only during day time.
D.G.Sets with acoustic enclosures provided.
Due to the activities at the site and also in the vicinity of the sugar production, it is
strongly advised to use DG sets wherever there is no power.
DG sets will be placed on the rubber cushion padding, enclosed and maintained well
and in good condition. It is encased and barricaded this reduces the noise level in and
around the source by 4 dB (A).
It is strongly recommended and advised to plant number of layers of tall grown trees
with good canopy to absorb the noise. This also helps to reduce the noise levels
considerably.
As a large number of trucks will enter for loading and unloading may result in possible
queue formation particularly during peak season.
Drivers will be instructed with sign boards and not to use shrill horns for any purpose.
In all the places where queue formation occurs (during peak seasons), the entire Parking
or queue area, wherever available must be planted with series of trees.
To prevent noise, which is likely to develop between pavement and vehicle tyres during
nights while in movement, the flexible pavement must be constructed using Crumb
Rubber (CRMB) and the discretion of the same is left to the government authorities.
However the roads with the plant can consider this necessary requirement.
Silent Zone boards will be installed at all places where human activities are there along
with proper training to them to handle various equipments, tools and other related
items.
Personal protective equipments like ear plugs etc must be distributed to all and
compulsorily employees will be made to use the same.
Acoustic hoods, silencers will be used at these locations and noise generating sources
will be kept under enclosures.
Security will be deployed at the entry/ exit gates to regulate the movement of vehicles.
Further, speed limit will be ensured maintaining 15-20 kmph.
Though the measured noise levels and computed Leq in dB (A), are well within
prescribed standards from CPCB, separately for day and night, still all the above said
measures will be practiced strictly.
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Turbine room will be acoustically designed. Cane carrier movement will be regulated
by following queue system by security.
The standards prescribed under Environment (Protection), act 1986 rules 1989 viz.,
75dB(A) day time and 70 dB (A) during night time will be followed.
Supervisory staff must check and monitor to ensure the workers to follow all the above
said measures while at work.
4.3.4 Mitigation measures for impact on Vibration
Various equipments are identified which will create vibration along with Noise.
While installing new machinery for the plant, if required, care will be taken to use
machine foundation to arrest the vibrations and possibly with spring technology.
Rubber padding’s and proper support to the ground with thick blankets (min. 10 mm
thick) of rubber mats are preferred before bolting to absorb vibration. This will prevent
noise as well as vibration to a great extent.
Various machines and machine parts will be kept under well greased condition
especially during its operation & also when not in operation.
Maintenance guide lines of the machinery will be adhered strictly.
4.4 Water Environment
4.4.1 Impact during Construction Phase
4.4.1.1 Surface water
Impact on the surface water is not likely anticipated since there are no nearby (<500m
radius)/adjacent surface water sources. No impact on Renuka Sagar Reservoir
anticipated as the same is located at 5 Km from the site in the northern direction.
Unscientific disposal of sewage from the labour camps, impacts on the neighbouring
agricultural fields due to seepage/draining affecting the crops yield.
Stagnated water in construction sites will result in creation of mosquitoes breeding sites
and impact on health of the workforce.
4.4.1.2 Ground water
Improper treatment of sewage from labour camps leads to infiltration into the
subsurface soil and finally affects the ground water quality of the region. This will
create unaesthetic conditions in the site, attracts mosquitoes/flies, thereby chances of
deteriorating the health of the workers in unhygienic conditions will arise.
Extraction of ground water will result in depletion of ground water levels.
4.4.2 Impact during Operational Phase
4.4.2.1 Surface water Environment
The highly colored nature of the spent wash (480 KLD) and sugar unit effluent (max
739 KLD) if disposed to water body leads to the reduction of sunlight penetration
which, in turn, reduces DO level and becomes detrimental to aquatic life. Since there
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are no immediate surface water sources around the site, impact on the surface water
environment is insignificant.
The proposal doesn’t involve discharge of treated effluent to any surface water
bodies/drains & as such impact on Renuka Sagar Reservoir and also on nearby lake at
0.75 Km is not anticipated.
If treated effluent from the ETP (1000 KLD) is not treated to KSPCB discharge
standards, in case if the same is discharged onto the land for irrigation/greenbelt
development/gardening, impact on the neighbouring agricultural fields is anticipated
through seepage/infiltration by affecting the crop yield including contaminating sub soil
surface.
Impact on the competitive users on the downstream of the Malaprabha River doesn’t
arise since the irrigation department (KNNL), after due diligence on downstream water
requirements, has granted water allocation to the industry, which will be complied
timely.
Improper management of storm water from the site premises will likely flood the
neighbouring agricultural fields.
4.4.2.2 Ground water
Impacts such as decrease in the water levels/ground water potential will not arise since
the project proposal doesn’t involve any groundwater tapping/extraction.
If the effluent is not treated to the discharge norms of KSPCB and further if discharged
on to the ground for greenery development/on-land for irrigation or due to over
application, it will create filthy/unaesthetic/odour nuisance conditions and indirectly
affects sub surface soil and ground water of the region due to seepage/infiltration.
If spent wash/molasses is not handled & stored scientifically, this will affect the ground
water of the region on long term, including subsurface soil.
Improper handling & storage of chemicals & hazardous waste (used oil from DG sets)
will have likely impact on the sub-surface soil & ground water environment of the
region.
Soil/Land & Ground water pollution due to disposal of untreated/ semi treated effluent
due to seepage/ infiltration.
Impact on groundwater/sub-soil due to disposal of spent wash (480 KLD).
4.4.3 Mitigation measures
4.4.3.1 During construction phase
During construction stage, the construction workers colony will be provided with drinking
water and sanitation arrangements by providing 10 No's toilets, 5 Bathrooms and sewage
treatment by septic tank (18 KL capacity with 3m X 2 m X 3m) & 1 No's soak pits (1.5m dia X
3 m depth).
Surface water Environment
As part of expansion, Septic Tank & Soak Pits will be designed & implemented as per
IS 2470 Part-I & Part-II at the site for disposal of sewage generated from labour camps
area to ensure scientific disposal of sewage.
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Temporary drainage arrangements will be made to avoid stagnation of water/pool areas.
Ground Water environment
Septic Tank & Soak Pits will be implemented at the construction labour camps for
treating sewage. This will avoid anticipated impacts on the ground water quality of the
region.
As such the proposal doesn’t involve any ground water extraction; no impact on the
ground water level of the region is anticipated from the project. Further rainwater
recharging measures (surface run-off) will improve the groundwater regime of the area
positively.
4.4.3.2 During operational phase
Surface water
Mitigation Measures
Effluent from the sugar complex will be treated in ETP of 1000 KLD (upgraded from
500KLD) capacity based on UASB technology and planned for Up-gradation and the
treated effluent only after conforming to KSPCB discharge standards will be re-used for
on land for irrigation/gardening/greenbelt development. This will also be ensured
through implementation of Online effluent monitoring as mandated under CPCB
directions for parameters viz.,pH, BOD, TSS, COD. This will ensure to take remedial
action immediately for effective treatment. Further, this will also help in minimizing the
residual impacts on the water environment of the region.
Additionally, monthly checks of quality of the treated effluent (from ETP outlet) will be
ensured from MoEF&CC and NABL recognized Labs for understanding the
trends/variations in the discharge quality parameters (stipulated by KSPCB) before
subjected to discharge for various reuse purposes.
Rainwater Harvesting & Recharging measures will be undertaken within the premises
of the industry. Storm water drain (0.8m x 0.6m) arrangements will be done all along
the periphery of the site boundary including on either side of internal roads, to carry
surface run-off that will lead to Rainwater Harvesting cum Recharge Pond 500 KL
capacity. Roof top water harvesting will be undertaken from the admin
buildings/storage buildings/covered shed areas and channelizing the same to Rainwater
Harvesting cum Recharge Pond. These measures will help in reducing internal &
external flooding of the area.
Good Housekeeping practices will also helps in reducing the likely leakages from the
process areas and channelizing the same to ETP area for onward treatment.
Ground Water
Effluent from the sugar complex will be treated in ETP of 1000 KLD capacity and the
treated effluent only after conforming to KSPCB discharge standards will be re-used for
on land for irrigation/gardening/greenbelt development. This will also be ensured
through implementation of Online effluent monitoring as mandated under CPCB
directions for parameters viz., pH, BOD, TSS, COD. This will ensure to take remedial
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action immediately for effective treatment. Further, this will also help in minimizing the
residual impacts on the water environment of the region.
Spent wash will be treated through liquid concentration by evaporation and incineration
to ensure ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge) thereby likely impacts will avoid.
Sewage from the domestic activities will be treated in Septic Tank & Soak Pits.
Spent wash will be stored in lagoon that will be lined with HDPE sheets of 250 micron
thick with stone soling to prevent seepage/percolation.
Spent wash treatment proposed using evaporation, concentration & incineration (Boiler
22 TPH) mechanism to ensure Zero Liquid discharge.
Molasses will be stored in MS Tanks of each 6000 MT capacity. Dyke walls will be
provided around the Molasses storage tanks as a preventive measure to avoid onward
impacts.
All storage areas will be on impervious flooring with covered arrangements including
Hazardous Waste Storage area.
Monthly checks of quality of the treated effluent (from ETP outlet) will be undertaken
from MoEF & CC and NABL recognized Labs for understanding the trends/variations
in the discharge quality parameters (stipulated by KSPCB) & accordingly to take
remedial action to avoid any residual impacts on the ground water environment of the
region.
Rainwater recharging measures will be undertaken in the premises which will positively
benefit the region in improving the groundwater table. This will be ensured through
installation of piezometers (one on 50 m upstream of proposed spent wash holding
lagoon area & another at 100 m downstream).
4.4.4 Water Conservation Practices
Recycling of spentlees and condensate and use of condensate in the sugar plant will result in
fresh water conservation. Following methods can be used to minimise water usage
Table 4.16 Water Conservation Proposal Techniques Considered in the Complex
Sl No Stations Conservation Proposals /Techniques
1 Milling Plant
Hot Condensate generated from juice evaporation is
used for milling plant as imbibition water and for
sanitation. The same will be followed in the expansion
project also. No fresh water will be used for milling
plant.
2 Boiler feed water
Steam given to process from co-generation power
plant being condensed at first evaporator and the
condensate generated is recycled back to boiler as feed
water. Other than this there is no steam will be
provided to the process. The losses due to gland
leakage, vents, samplings, blow down and steam used
for sooth blowings are being supplemented from DM
Plant.
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Sl No Stations Conservation Proposals /Techniques
3
Clarification House
Compressors
Sulphur Burner
Condensate generated from juice evaporation is
brought down to atmospheric temperature using mini
cooling towers, cold water generated is being used as
cooling water for these machineries. This is
recirculated back with no additional requirement of
fresh water.
4 Boiling and Centrifuge
section
Condensate generated from juice evaporation is
brought down to atmospheric temperature using mini
cooling towers, cold water generated is being used as
cooling water for these machineries. This is
recirculated back with no additional requirement of
fresh water.
5 Preparation of seed and
mixture
Hot water is being used and continued instead of fresh
water
6 Cooling waters
Mill drive, mill bearing, power house turbines,
fiberiser, compressor, cooling waters and vertical
crystallizers
4.4.5 Effluent Treatment Plant
Effluent treatment plant of 1000 KLD will be constructed to treat the sugar and cogeneration
effluent. The plant is designed to treat raw wastewater generated from Sugar processing having
following characteristics.
Flow 1000 m3/day
Operating Period 22-24 hrs /day
Table 4.17 Characteristics of Raw and Treated Effluent
A ] RAW EFFLUENT PARAMETER
pH 4.0-5.0
Temperature Ambient
COD 5000-6000 mg/lit
BOD ( 3 days @ 27 0 C ) 2000-3000 mg/lit
Oil & Grease 50-100 mg/lit
Suspended Solids 800-1000 mg/lit
B ] TREATED WATER PARAMETER
pH 6.5 to 7.5
Temperature Ambient
COD < 250 mg/lit
BOD ( 3 days @ 27 0 C ) < 30 mg/lit
Oil & Grease < 10 mg/lit
Suspended Solids < 50 mg/lit
4.4.5.1 Assumptions
The plant is designed to operate at +/- 10 % variation in raw wastewater parameter.
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No other parameters other than mentioned above is present in the raw waste water
which is beyond Pollution Control Norms and hazardous to micro organisms.
Treated water quality will be achieved if the inlet raw water quality is as per the raw
water quality mentioned as well as no other pollutant than the mentioned, is present or
exceeds the limits or which is hazardous in nature, which otherwise may affect the
biological treatment process.
The temperature required at ETP collection tank from the effluent should not be more
than 35 oC
4.4.5.2 Treatment Scheme
To have eco-friendly & natural treatment, this plant is designed based on the biological
treatment concept. This means microbes removes or degrade the organic matter present in the
effluent & at the end clean water is available for the non potable usage or to dispose safely in
the drainage or river bodies as per the norms.
4.4.5.3 Pre – Treatment
1. Screening: This is the first units of the plant in which large or floating materials in the
effluent gets arrested and blockage or choking of the downstream equipments can be avoided.
This arrested material will be removed manually and then will be disposed off suitably
2. Oil & Grease trap: Sugar effluent contains oil & grease. This oil & grease if not removed
then creates the problem of scum accumulation and affect the functioning of microbes in
aeration tank.
To avoid this, oil & Grease chamber is provided after the bar screen, where oil & grease is
arrested prior to entry in the plant. Accumulated oil will be removed and disposed of properly.
4. Equalization: To absorb variation in quantity and quality of effluent and to provide
uniform flow at the downstream treatment process, a collection or equalization tank is
provided. This will avoid shock loading and process upsets of the treatment plant.
5. Neutralization: Neutralization system is provided to neutralize the effluent using lime
slurry (10 %)
6. Settling: the neutralized effluent will be passed through tube settler to remove the suspended
solids.
4.4.5.4 Secondary Treatment
1. UP-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR)
Wastewater from intermediate tank would be pumped into each UASB reactor through a
specially designed distribution pipes. The multiple distributions ensures uniform distribution of
flow throughout the sludge blanket making maximum rises to the top of Anaerobic reactor
along with bio-gas generated and also some sludge particles. A unique three-phase gas – solid
– liquid separator would be provided at the top to separate out the gas, liquid and the sludge
particles.
The wastewater flows upward through a sludge blanket composed of biologically formed
granules or particles. Treatment occurs as the wastewater comes in contact with the granules.
The gases produced under anaerobic conditions (principally methane and carbon dioxide) cause
internal circulation, which helps in the formation and maintenance of the biological granules.
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Some of the gas produced within the sludge blanket becomes attached to the biological
granules. The free gas and the particles with the attached gas rise to the top of the reactor. The
particles that rise to the surface, strike the bottom of the degassing baffles, which causes the
attached gas bubbles to release. The degassed granules typically drop back to the surface of the
sludge blanket. The free gas and the gas released from the granules are captured in the gas
collection domes located in the top of the reactor. Liquid containing some residual solids and
biological granules passes into settling chamber, where the residual solids are separated from
the liquid. The separated solids fall back through the baffle system to the top of the sludge
blanket.
Gas will be collected in the domes provided at the top. The liquid overflows through the
gutters and suspended solids then separated are allowed to settle down in the sludge blanket
thereby retaining valuable bacterial population.
The gas will be carried through a gas line equipped with safety devices to the flare stack and
would be burnt subsequently.
2. Anaerobic Treatment
The anaerobic waste treatment process is an effective method for the treatment of many organic
wastes. The treatment has a number of advantages over aerobic treatment process, namely,
The energy input of the system is low as no energy is required for oxygenation,
Lower production of excess sludge( biological synthesis) per unit mass of substrate
utilized,
Lower nutrient requirement due to lower biological synthesis, and
Degradation leads to production of biogas which is a valuable source of energy.
3. Fundamental Microbiology
The anaerobic treatment of organic wastes resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and
methane, involves two distinct stages. In the first stage, complex waste components, including
fats, proteins, and polysaccharides are first hydrolyzed by a heterogeneous group of facultative
and anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria then subject the products of hydrolysis to fermentations,
oxidations, and other metabolic processes leading to the formation of simple organic
compounds, mainly short-chain (volatile) acids and alcohols. The first stage is commonly
referred to as “acid fermentation”. However in the second stage the end products of the first
stage are converted to gases (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) by several different species
of strictly anaerobic bacteria. This stage is generally referred to as “methane fermentation”.
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Fig 4.11 Sequential Mechanism of Anaerobic Waste Treatment
The primary acids produced during acid fermentation are propionic and acetic acid. It is
reported that only one group of methane bacteria is necessary for methane fermentation of
acetic acid, whereas propionic acid, which is fermented through acetic acid requires two
different groups of methane bacteria.
The bacteria responsible for acid fermentation are relatively tolerant to changes in Ph and
temperature and have a much higher rate of growth than the bacteria responsible for methane
fermentation. As a result, methane fermentation is generally assumed to be the rate limiting
step in anaerobic wastewater treatment.
4. ASP – Activated Sludge Process (Aeration):
This is the main section of the plant where degradation of organic pollutants with the help of
aerobic micro-organism takes place
In aeration tank activated biomass is developed in such a way that certain MLSS is maintained
for continuous effluent flow which comes to aeration basin. Effluent is degraded in given
retention time and activated sludge is further passed to clarifier and recycled as per
requirement. The sludge, which is not required after recirculation, is passed to sludge drying
bed
To maintain the aerobic condition in the bioreactor, air supply arrangement is provided by
means of aeration equipment which has high oxygen transfer efficiency.
a) Secondary Clarifier : In secondary clarifier, effluent passed from aeration tank along
with biomass (MLSS) gets settled here. The settled biomass recycled back to aeration tank as
per requirement and excess biomass transfer to sludge drying bed.
b) Disinfection: Supernatant from secondary clarifier, flow by gravity to the chlorine contact
tank. To disinfect the harmful bacteria in the treated water as well as to remove the refractory
organics from treated water, in this tank hypo chlorite solution is dosed with the help of dosing
system.
c) Sludge disposal system: Settled sludge from tube settler will be removed by pumping to the
sludge drying bed or sludge drying beds.
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4.4.5.5 Tertiary treatment
Secondary treated water will be further passed through sand media filter followed by activated
carbon filter. Filtered water will be collected in the Irrigation water tank from where it will be
for desired non potable application. Backwashed water from filters will return back to
equalization tank.
4.4.5.6 Advantages of treatment scheme
This plant will produce the treated water which can be recycled back.
This plant is based on biological principle hence no need use of any excessive
hazardous chemicals for the main degradation process.
Due to efficient aeration system, electrical power requirement is very low.
Due to user friendly equipment, plant maintenance is very less.
Due to inbuilt automation, plant machinery life is high & ensures trouble free operation
All process rotating electromechanical equipment is provided with standby equipment
to ensure the uninterrupted operation.
Detailed description of units of ETP are enclosed in the annexure-6
4.4.6 Effluent treatment plant design report for Distillery section
4.4.6.1 Liquid concentration by evaporation
The raw spentwash produced from distillery will be treated using multi effect evaporator. In
this case there are 5 evaporators each one heating the next line. The steam used is a low
pressure steam with a minimum pressure of 1.5 bars (g). The evaporators are a combination of
tabular falling film type evaporators, forced circulation type tubular evaporator. The liquid
condensate is distilled water and after further treatment in the condensate polishing section can
be used in the other areas in the plant. The pressure in each successive evaporator will have a
temperature higher than the liquid circulating in the next. This will cause the vapours
condensate and so transfer heat to the circulating liquid. The heat received by liquid will cause
some boiling and so produce more vapour for the next stage. Boiling of the water will at the
same time cause the liquid to condensate. This is performed in a total of five units with the
liquid being passed from one to another becoming more concentrated in each stage. The
vapours produced from the last stage are then condensed in each stage. The vapours produced
from the last stage are then condensed in a condenser.
In order to reach the desired concentrated of 58 to 45 Bx the concentrate undergoes a final
drying process using a vertical wiped film drier using medium pressure steam as the heat
source. Periodic chemical cleaning has to be performed on the evaporators and to allow a
continuous operation a buffer tank is supplied to allow time for the cleaning cycles.
4.4.6.2 Bio condensate treatment or condensate polishing unit
Proposed condensate treatment or condensate polishing unit to treat process condensate and
spent lees from the plant to reuse as makeup water in cooling tower are as follows:
a) Primary Treatment
Equalisation tank
Plate heat exchanger
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Lime preparation tank
Neutralisation tank
Lamella Clarifier
b) Secondary Treatment
Buffer tank
UASB reactor
Aeration tank
Secondary Clarifier
Sludge drying beds
c) Tertiary Treatment
Flash mixer
Flocculator
Lamella Clarifier- II
Chlorine contact Chamber
Pressure Sand filter
Activated Carbon filter
1. Design Basis:
Distillery Condensate Treatment Plant:
a) Plant Capacity : 600 KLD
b) Hourly Flow (Feed to CPU) : 30 m3 /hr.
c) Mode of Operation : Manual.
d) Type of project : EPC project.
e) Scheme of Treatment : Anaerobic Aerobic Process.
4.4.6.3 Characteristics of effluent:
Sl No Parameter Range
1 pH 3.6-4.5
2 COD 5000-6000 mg/L
3 BOD 200-300 mg/L
4 Total Solids
Dissolved Solids 5000-6000 mg/ L
Suspended Solids 500-1000 mg/L
5 Chlorides 50-100 mg/L Source: MoEF manual
The characteristics of the raw effluent to CPU assumed are given below (spent lees mixed with
condensate):
Sl.No Parameter Unit Value
1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l 2000-2500
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 3000-3500
3 pH -- 3.9-4.2
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4.4.6.4 Treated Condensate Quality (After Tertiary Treatment):
The required characteristics of treated condensate are given below:
Sl.No Parameter Unit Value
1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD)
mg/l <=30
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l <=250
3 pH -- 7.5-8.5
4 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/l <=10
4.4.6.5 Scheme of Treatment:
The Condensate treatment plant will be designed for a capacity of 30 m3 /hr. Condensate
treatment plant scheme will be based on Anaerobic-Aerobic Process.
Pre-treatment: This will be consisting of Equalization.
Secondary / Biological Treatment: This will be consisting of Up flow Anaerobic
Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB Reactor) followed by Biological Aeration and
Secondary Settling Tank.
Tertiary Treatment: Tertiary treatment process will consist of Multi Media and
Activated Carbon Filtration.
Sludge Treatment: Sludge treatment process will consist of Sludge Drying Beds.
4.4.6.6 Process Flow Diagram CPU:
Fig 4.12 Process Flow Diagrams CPU
Detailed description of units of ETP are enclosed in the annexure-6
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4.4.7 Storm Water Management
Proposal involves for harvesting and recharging the storm water. Harvested rainwater will be
utilized for dust suppression, greenery development/gardening, washing/cleaning purposes
within the premises. Further to increase the groundwater potential of the region, recharge shafts
will also be implemented along the internal storm water drain network for recharging purposes
and also helps in arresting the floods. Details of the same can be referred below.
4.4.7.1 Rain Water Harvesting For Project Area
a) Roof-Top Rain Water Harvesting
Roof top rainwater harvesting is one of the appropriate options for augmenting ground water
recharge or supplements the domestic requirements. Rainwater is free from bacteriological
contamination, safe, free from organic matter and is soft in nature. The recharge to ground
water through rain water harvesting improves the quality of ground water through dilution. The
geogenic contamination of ground water due to the presence of fluoride or iron, etc., beyond
permissible limits of chemical quality standards, shall be reduced. The flat roofs can be utilised
to harvest rain-water and recharge ground water. The typical roof from which rain water can be
utilised is shown in Fig. 4.13.
Fig 4.13 Flat roof for roof-top rain water harvesting
The structures required for harvesting rainwater are simple, economical and eco-friendly. Roof
catchments are relatively cleaner and free from contamination compared to the ground level
catchments. Generally, the components of the roof top rainwater harvesting are roof catchment,
drain pipe, gutters, down pipe, first flush pipe, filter unit and storage tank / collection sump.
b) Recharge Pit
Recharging ground water body through recharge pits is a simple, efficient and cost-effective
technique. Rain water, harvested from roof-tops can be directly sent to the recharge pits (Fig
4.14). Recharge pits of 2 m diameter will be constructed
Fig 4.14 Typical Recharge Pit Model
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Depth of the pits in this region may be maintained at 3 m. so as to pierce the weathered zone.
Good recharging conditions in the area should enhance the water recharge process and increase
ground water potential considerably. In the top 1 m part of the pit, brick wall may be
constructed to avoid the collapse of the top loose soil. Bottom part of the pit, in the weathered
zone may be kept naked / unlined for easy percolation of rain water. The pit is to be back-filled
with 40 mm stones at the bottom, for 1 m height, and then by 20 mm stones to the top. The pit
is to be covered with proper arrangement with a view to avoid waste material falling into the
pit and clog the open spaces in the stone gravel.
Recharge pit, to be constructed near nearer to the existing bore well. Rain-water, from the roof-
top of is to be diverted through drain pipes to be directly emptied into the recharge pit.
Recharge pits may also be constructed near the storm-water drains, constructed across the
project premises. The storm water that flows along the storm-water drains is to be diverted to
the recharge pits through diverting channels (Fig 4.15).
Fig 4.15 Diversion of storm-water to recharge pit
The storm water should be allowed to pass through desilting chambers (Fig.16) before entering
the recharge pits. The silt-traps should have at least two to three chambers to make the silt and
other suspended material settle and only clear water enters the recharge pit
Fig 4.16 Desilting chamber to trap silt from the storm water
The recharge pits should have three layers of screening material (Fig 4.17). First, the pit has to
be filled with 40 mm stones, then by 20 mm stones. Over the layer of 20 mm stones, a mesh
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has to be provided before filling the rest of the pit with coarse sand up to the top of the pit
leaving 30 cm from ground surface. Near the water inlet into the recharge pit, a cement or stone
slab has to be provided to avoid scoring effect and keep the sand layer intact. The sand layer
while filtering the silt and other suspended particles gets clogged and becomes less permeable.
The sand layer has to be changed once in a year to keep the recharge pit effective in recharging
the ground water system.
Fig 4.17 Recharge Pit - A schematic diagram
c) Recharge Pit with shaft
Fig 4.18 Recharge Shaft for recharging deeper aquifer - schematic diagram
Ground water levels in this region are very deep. In the project premises, it is observed to be
deeper than 50 m bgl. In order to enhance the recharge process from the recharge pit, a bore
hole of 156 mm may be drilled down to 40 m in the recharge pit. A PVC pipe (high density), of
102 mm, is to be lowered into this borehole with slots provided from the depth level of 25 to 35
m. At the top, slots are to be provided in the PVC pipe (length of 1 m) against the 40 mm
gravel in the recharge pit for directing the water collected at the bottom of the recharge pit
directly into the bore well bottom recharging the zone between 25 to 35 m (Fig 4.18). The
annular space between the PVC pipe and the borehole surface is to be filled with pea-size
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gravel, particularly against the slotted length. Against the blank pipe, either pea-size gravel or
drill cuttings can be filled.
Recharge pit of this recharge structure, near the existing bore well and the proposed new bore
well, may be of rectangular shape, 6 m x 1 m, with the recharge bore hole on one side.
Harvested rain water from the roof-top of MCR building and nearby storm-water drain may be
diverted to this recharge pit. Roof-top water can be diverted directly into the recharge pit
whereas the storm-water may be allowed to enter on one end of the rectangular pit through a
desilting chamber.
d) Recharge Trenches
Recharge trenches are simple and effective ground water recharge structures over a wide area.
These trenches may be constructed across the slope of the ground surface. These trenches help
in slowing down and retaining the sheet-flow of rain water and enhance recharge. The trenches
can be continuous or discontinuous. Discontinuous trenches, Fig.4.19 are preferable. Trenches
of 1 m width with 0.75 to 1 m depth may be constructed.
Two or three lines of trenches may be constructed in the central and northern parts of the
project area. The trenches are to be back-filled with 40 mm stones at the bottom (0.5 m height)
overlain by 20 mm stones (0.2 m height) capped by coarse sand / granite chips.
These trenches are effective structures which not only help in enhancing recharge process and
also protect the soil erosion and formation of gullies in the open areas. It is an effective long
term environment protective measure.
Fig 4.19 A typical Recharge Trench
e) Recharge / Storage Ponds
The harvested rain-water, run-off from the storm water drains can be stored in Storage Ponds in
the southern part of the project premises. These storage ponds, Fig 4.20, also act as recharge
ponds. The open space available in the southern part of the project area can be used to construct
500 KL capacity. The depth of 2 m may have to be decided based on the thickness of soil
cover. Since soil cover in the southern part is thick, the pond may be dug to the bottom of the
soil cover. An outlet has to be provided to the pond at an appropriate level so that a column of
1 to 1.5 m water is stored in the pond and the excess water flows out of the pond. Sides of the
pond have to be provided with gentle slopes covered with open stone cribbing. The pond water
can also be utilised for watering the vegetation in green cover area which may be developed in
the unutilized part of the project land or along the fencing line of the premises.
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Fig 4.20 A typical Recharge cum Storage Pond – Model
4.4.8 Geology and Hydrology
4.4.8.1 Potential Impacts
The project involves no deep excavation and blasting, hence no impact on Geology.
No impact on hydrology as effluent is treated to KSPCB norms and utilized within the
premises for greenbelt development.
Improper handling of spent wash/ molasses results in ground water contamination
through seepage/ infiltration affecting the local population dependency on groundwater.
Effect on structural stability
Improper management of press mud, boiler ash and yeast sludge will lead to soil and
ground water pollution.
4.4.8.2 Mitigation Measures for Minimizing the Impacts
The proposed project doesn't abstract any ground water; the impact due to the project is
minimum.
Dyke walls will be provided for molasses storage tank and HDPE lining will be
provided for storage lagoons.
Geo-technical investigations will be carried out prior to construction activities and
accordingly foundation design will be undertaken on the basis of relevant IS standards.
Press mud and yeast sludge will be mixed and used as manure.
Boiler ash will be sold to nearby brick manufacturers.
In the study area following methods can be encouraged to people, to increase the ground water
table of the region.
Ground water monitored data of the piezometers will be analysed and proper remedial
measures taken from time to time.
2 No's of Piezometers will be located for the proposed spent wash holding tank and
compositing yard should be monitored and remedial measures taken once in a month
during 1st to 10
th of the month.
The water management plan will ensure no negative impact on ground water regime in the
area. The ground water recharge plan proposal will ensure a positive impact on ground water
levels, yield of bore wells and chemical quality of ground water in the area. But, monitoring of
ground water regime only record and show such a positive impact. The withdrawal and the
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recharge have to be accounted for while declaring that the area has not affected the existing
ground water regime in the area. Monitoring and recording ground water development and
recharge are simple exercises that protect and improve the micro environment over a period of
time. Developing a database on water is important aspect where surface water and ground
water resources play an important role.
4.4.8.3 Monitoring mechanism
The impact of withdrawing and recharging ground water resource in the project area can be
assessed by monitoring the ground water levels and chemical quality on a regular basis. A
Piezometer, a bore well exclusively constructed for measuring ground water potential and
chemical quality of a specific aquifer, within the project premises shall help in the monitoring
mechanism.
4.4.8.4 Construction of Piezometer
A bore well may be constructed in the mid-southern part of the project premises for the
monitoring impact on the ground water regime. A bore hole of 156 mm may be drilled down to
90 m bgl. And the entire hole has to be cased with a blank PVC pipe of 101.6 mm (4"). Slots /
holes are to be provided on the casing pipe for a length of 6 m against the major aquifer zone
encountered in the bore hole. The major aquifer zone is expected to be in the depth range of 60
to 80 m bgl. Annular space between the PVC casing pipe and the bore hole surface should be
filled with pea-size gravel (around the slotted pipe segment) and drill cuttings (against the
blank pipe segment). The pipe should be protected on the top with a suitable cap arrangement
for frequent measurement of water level and collection of water sample.
4.4.8.5 Data recording
Following activities are recommended to be followed to conduct an impact assessment.
Pumping of ground water from the bore wells has to be monitored on a continuous basis
for recording the quantum of withdrawal with time. The outlets of the bore wells may
be fixed with digital flow meters for recording the volume of ground water withdrawn
on a daily basis.
Ground water levels are to be measured from the Piezometer at least once in a month.
Ground water sample from each bore well is to be collected, preferably twice in a year
during the months of May (pre-monsoon) and November (post-monsoon) for chemical
analysis.
Monitoring has to be continued for 5 years before a review of the hydro geological
conditions is done.
Based on the yearly review of data collected, corrective measures are too implemented
in withdrawing ground water and recharging the aquifer system.
The recorded data on ground water levels and chemical quality has to be sent to the Karnataka
State Ground Water Authority (KGWA) / Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), once in a
year for their record and review. Periodical technical guidance for the development and
management of the water resources has to be taken from the experienced personnel in
groundwater sector.
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4.5 Biological Environment
4.5.1 Impact due to movement of vehicles
Studies on effects of air pollutants on plants reveal that, air pollutants cause changes in
morphological features, reproductive morphology, micro morphological characters, physiology
of the plants (Ramasammy, 2005). During construction phase, movement of vehicles carrying
construction materials to site emit gases such as NOx, CO, Particulate Matter and HC.
The air quality modelling reveal that, the maximum concentrations of CO from vehicular
emission is about 0.86mg/Nm3
(CPCB standard - 4 mg/m3) in the study area. Hence, the
movement of vehicles will have significant impact temporarily on physiology and morphology
of the flora in the study area.
4.5.2 Impact due to emissions
The maximum concentrations of Particulate matter are 80.77 μg/m3 (CPCB standards -100
μg/m3) and NO2 is 16.80 μg/m
3 (CPCB standards - 80 μg/m
3) from the operation of boilers.
Industrial emissions also contribute to Green House Gases in the atmosphere. Forests and trees
shall have the capacity of accumulating atmospheric CO2. Study area comprises of agricultural
landscape. Emission of dust during operation phase from the stack would reduce the
photosynthetic activity of trees located in an area of 1,597 Ha (4 Km radius) from the project
site in the NE and W directions by its deposition on the foliage. A total of 36 trees were
recorded during the studies and the trees shall have the capacity of sequestering 157153 tonnes
of CO2/year. Some of the predominant trees contributing in carbon sequestration includes
Azadirachta indica (9.74 tonnes/tree/Yr), Acacia nilotica (4.15 tonnes/tree/Yr), and Acacia
chundra (3.67 tonnes/tree/Yr). Since no trees were recorded at the riparian stretch of River
Malaprabha near Asundi (NW) and Saundatti (NE), the carbon sequestration capacity is shown
as nil. However, the carbon sequestration will be seen in the locations (NW and NE directions)
due to the presence of other trees species in the villages away from the riparian stretch of River
Malaprabha. CO2 sequestration capacity of different locations in the study area is given below;
Fig 4.21 Schematic diagram showing carbon sequestration trends in the study area
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A total of 27.250 t/tree/Yr shall be sequestered by the core zone (<4 Km) of the study area.
Similarly, the buffer zone (>4Km) shall have the capacity of sequestering an amount of 15.178
t/tree/yr CO2. Therefore, the core zone of the study area has a greater tendency to sequester
higher capacity of CO2 when compared to the buffer zone. However, the trees species recorded
in the SE direction (18.48 t/tree/yr) and SW direction (15.16 t/tree/yr) has a greater carbon
sequestration capacity compared to the other directions (5.52 t/tree/yr -NE and 3.25 t/tree/yr -
NW directions). As stated above, no tree species were recorded at the riparian stretch of River
Malaprabha; however, the agricultural lands in the nearby villages were rich in various tree
species which also contribute in carbon sequestration. Since, the study area comprises of rich
drainage system involving Renukasagar Reservoir of River Malaprabha, well irrigated
agricultural lands supporting fair amount of carbon sequestration in the absence of industrial
growth is seen.
Air quality modelling studies of the area reveal that, movement of emission levels is towards
NE direction. The CO2 sequestration capacity in these directions are higher in core zone and it
reduces towards the buffer zone. Similarly, prevailing wind direction during the study period
was W. Studies of Costa et.al (2014) on human and controlled animals reveal that, continuous
exposure to air pollution cause neurotoxicity, behavioural abnormalities, oxidative stress and
neuro-inflammation. However, assuming these concentrations are moving in this direction, it
will not have significant impact. Further, buffer zone plantation activities will be undertaken to
sequester the GHGs.
4.5.3 Impact due to noise pollution
Secondary information reveals that study area is having fairly good number of different avian
species. But the movement of these species are unknown in the study area. Birds are the more
sensitive group of animals that are vulnerable to increasing noise levels, as mega faunal species
tend to move away with the increasing human activities near project site (Slabbekoorn, 2007).
However, a good number (10 species; n= 72) of birds were recorded at the project site
indicating that the birds eventually gets adapted to the noisy conditions seen at the project site.
Noisy conditions have negative consequences on the behavioural activities of the birds such as
feeding, nesting and breeding. However, there are exceptions where the birds get adapted to the
noisy conditions over a period of time (Slabbekoorn, 2007).
Baseline noise level in the project site was 52.15 d (B) A during day time and 50.54 d (B) A
during night time. Noise levels are within the CPCB standards. However, during construction
and operation phase, the noise levels may reach 75 d (B) A. This would impact avifauna and
movement of other wild animals near project site and surrounding areas.
4.5.4 Pressure on existing trees
Researchers found that trees with >77 cm diameter remove approximately 70 times more air
pollution annually than small trees (Nowak, 2002). A total of 36 trees (individuals) were
recorded in the entire study area with no trees/ minimal number of trees recorded in some
quadrates. However, the results of the survey revealed that, trees with >77 cm girth size are low
in number (Avg.51.94 %) and hence pressure on trees with larger diameter may be expected in
the upcoming days depending on various local demands. This trend will be disadvantageous for
pollution mitigation in the study area.
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Table 4.18 Details of Trees with >77 cm girth size in the study area
Sl.No Quartile Sampling location % of trees with GBH >77 cm
1 NW
Near Asundi (Malaprabha River) Nil
2 Near Karikatti 37.5%
3 NE
Along SH 30 50%
4 Near Saundatti (Malaprabha River) Nil
5 SE
Behind industry Nil
6 Hire Hulligere 100%
7 SW
Near Kallahalla 22.2%
8 Near Yadahalli 50%
Average 51.94%
4.5.5 Impact on RET and Schedule I species
Two avifaunal species and one mammal namely Crested serpent eagle (n=1), Steppe eagle
(n=2) and Indian Wolf were recorded during the study at the Renukasagar reservoir -6.7
Km(Near Asundi village) and near Karikatti village -3.6 Km respectively which belongs to
Schedule I of Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972. Similarly, avifaunal species such as Black
headed ibis (n=8; Near Threatened), River tern (n=2; Near Threatened), Woolly necked stork
(n=6; Vulnerable) and Steppe eagle (n=2; Endangered) were also recorded which belongs to
RET category as per IUCN Conservation status, 2017. However, no disturbances will be
created to these species as there is no lifting or intake structures proposed in the upstream areas
of River Malaprabha (Renukasagar reservoir) and the backwaters of River Malaprabha which
has created a habitat for several avifaunal species located in the surrounding areas.
4.5.6 Mitigation Measures
Replanting of vegetation will be undertaken within the project site.
Larger plantation activities (2,000 saplings/yr) will be taken up in the buffer area with
the help of NGOs, Agriculture and horticulture departments to reduce higher GHGs.
Pressure on existing trees will be reduced by taking up awareness activities for use of
alternative methods for fuel wood, timber, fodder, etc.
Barricades will be erected during construction phase along the periphery of the project
site to reduce noise levels. Similarly, during operation phase green belt will be
developed all along the periphery of the project site to reduce operation noise levels.
Conservation Plan for schedule I and RET species will be carried out (Chapter-8).
4.5.7 Evaluation of Impacts
4.5.7.1 Ecological Index
Parameter based ecological Index of the study area is given below and from the table it can be
concluded that ecological sensitivity is low (12.6%) in the study area and doesn't have
significant impact on available flora and fauna of the region.
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Table 4.19 Ecological index of the study area
Parameter Importance scale Weightage Impact
Flora and
Fauna
(Threatened
species)
Number of Schedule-I & II
(> 20 numbers) 100 0
Number of Schedule-I & II
(10-20 numbers) 50 0
Number of Schedule-I & II
(<10 numbers) 25 25
Flora and
Fauna -
Endemism
High(>10 species) 100 0
Medium(5-10 species) 50 0
Low(<5 species) 25 0
Vulnerable
flora & fauna
High(>10 species) 100 0
Medium(5-10 species) 50 0
Low(<5 species) 25 25
State of
terrestrial
vegetation
Relatively undisturbed forest
( Govt/private) 100 0
Totally managed estate with three
type of vegetation 25 0
Totally managed estate such as
coffee and cardamom 25 0
Agricultural land with crops 25 25
State of
wetland
vegetation
Relatively undisturbed wetland
visited by migratory waterfowl 100 0
Relatively undisturbed wetland not
known to be visited by migratory
waterfowl
50 0
Other wetlands with frequent human
activity 50 50
Legal status National Park 100 0
Wildlife sanctuary 50 0
Reserve forest 25 0
Ecologically sensitive area 25 0
Conservation
importance
Location unique in terms of habitat
(world heritage site) or species 100 0
Habitat although present elsewhere
is under threat in those places 75 0
Habitat present elsewhere and is not
under any serious threat 50 0
Habitat is very common elsewhere 25 25
Overall
Impact on
ecology &
biodiversity
Change in land use land cover 25 0
Species diversity, Habitat
fragmentation, Breeding & nesting
grounds
50 0
Soil erosion 25 0
Changes in drainage pattern 25 0
Removal of species 25 0
Introduction of exotic species 25 0
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Parameter Importance scale Weightage Impact
Emission & discharge from the
project 25 25
Noise pollution due to project 25 25
Total 1575 200
4.6 Socio Economic Environment
4.6.1 Impact during Construction
4.6.1.1 Impact on Demography
The peak workforce strength during construction would rise-up to hundred persons.
Though the technical persons and skilled labours would by and large, be hired from
outside the study area, bulk of the labour force would comprise of unskilled and semi-
skilled workers, a substantial number of whom would presumably be recruited from the
surrounding areas itself. Since majority of the unskilled workforce would be from
surrounding areas, they would settle in the villages.
Therefore, the demographic scenario including population, sex-ratio, literacy level etc.
would undergo certain local changes within a limited peripheral zone. The overall
impact over the study area would be marginal.
4.6.1.2 Impact on Socio-economic
Construction of any major industrial project invariably results in socio-economic
changes. The influx of material and money lends to change the economic status of the
community. Markets, workshops and commercial centres would develop in the area.
Construction of the project will involve a substantial unskilled labour force.
Since most of the unskilled labour force will be from nearby village, unplanned and
haphazard development of slums would not be significant. However, labour camps with
provision of basic amenities of water supply and sanitation etc. would be provided
which would go long way in curbing the degradation of the physical and aesthetic
environment.
Unemployment and underemployment among the villagers of surrounding area who
depends on the erratic agricultural activities.
Health concerns to agricultural labourers working in surrounding agricultural lands due
to fly ash and bagasse. Fly ash and bagasse dust deposition on the neighbouring
agricultural lands will affect the productivity
4.6.2 Impact during Operation
4.6.2.1 Impact on Demographic Pattern
Operation of the unit will require an appreciable quantum of skilled and semi-skilled
workforce which, would have to be imported from outside the study area.
Moreover, a sizeable number of service class people who are directly connected with
the operating personnel of the plant, e.g. house servants, washer man, shopkeepers etc.
will flow in from the neighbouring areas. As the plant and its ancillary facilities act as
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an active nucleus of activity, a shift of population towards this centre will also occur
within the study area.
The migration of people will marginally increase the total population in the study area
particularly in the peripheral zone. This would result in an alteration of the local
demographic pattern. The high literacy level of people and their families involved in the
operation of the plant would certainly enhance the overall literacy rate within the study
area. The population density in the peripheral zone will also tend to rise, though very
marginally.
4.6.2.2 Impact on Socioeconomic profile
As there will be a large flow of financial and material resources, there remains a large
possibility of growth of population in the business, trade, commerce and service sector.
The large inflow of financial and material resources accompanied with the urban culture
complete with technological inputs as modern housing, water closets, radio, television,
synthetic fibers, use of steel and aluminium, use of LPG/electricity for domestic
cooking would all contribute towards changing the socioeconomic environment of the
areas as this would introduce a mixed culture emphasizing urban traits in place of
traditional, prevalent rural customs. The economic, cultural and technological changes
are likely to induce social stress and ethical changes. All these would change the local
life style.
Thus, a simple backward community may be transformed into a semi-urban complex
within a short time frame. Such impacts are inevitable, that could also be felt in case of
the present project; however, these would be attempted to be controlled and minimized
by ensuring suitable human management, stable working conditions, security and the
provision of adequate compensation.
At the same time, however, farmers may be induced to adopt more intensive
agricultural and animal husbandry practices, resulting in higher production and boosting
up of the area economy.
Unscientific disposal of spent wash through infiltration and seepage factors affects the
crop lands and yield.
It has been observed that people always have a propensity to settle at locations where
civic amenities as transportation, postal service, educational institutions, drinking water,
market, medical treatment, electricity etc. are easily available within a short distance, as
well as the working place being within a reasonable distance.
4.6.3 Mitigation Measures
Employment opportunity to 75 No's from local villagers for expansion activities.
Villages benefitted includes viz., Karikatthi, Asundi, Hireulligeri, Chikkahuligeri,
Yadravi, Sangreshkop, Yedihalli and Singarkoppa.
Installation of ESP, covered bagasse storage yard, designing of stock piles, minimizing
the distance that bagasse falls during the movement, enclosed bagasse handling
conveyors, belt cleaning system and water spray system will be installed to minimise
the impact.
Proposal involves implementation of evaporation, concentration and incineration
mechanism to scientifically treat the spent wash and ensuring ZLD (Zero liquid
discharge).
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4.7 Health Environment
4.7.1 Impact during Construction Phase
Impacts on health of the construction workers/labours/personnel deployed in the site can be
anticipated through poor quality of water supply, creation of mosquito breeding sites, improper
hygienic condition and lack of safety items (PPE’s)/instructions/guidelines/practices.
4.7.2 Impact during Operational Phase
Impact on health of the workers is generally anticipated from inadequate provisions of PPEs,
mosquito breeding sites, inadequate provision of first aid facilities & improper handling of
solid waste such as press mud, ETP sludge & effluent.
4.7.3 Mitigation Measures
Potable water supply to the construction workers/labourers/personnel is ensured
conforming to IS 10500:2012 (Second Revision) drinking water quality standards.
PPE's will be provided to the workforce based on the type of work assigned during the
both stages.
First Aid Centre with its facilities will be provided.
Stagnation of water will be avoided by providing drains during the operation phases and
pumping out the same and utilizing it for other secondary purposes during the
construction stage.
Solid wastes will be scientifically handled and disposed by utilizing the same within the
premises in the compost production or sold to member's farmers as manure.
4.8 Solid Waste and Hazardous waste Generation and Management
for Disposal
4.8.1 Impact due to construction phase
During construction phase, solid waste such as excavated soil, debris, some metal
waste, municipal waste and oil & grease from construction machines will be generated.
Domestic solid wastes from the labour sheds (75 Kgs) if not properly disposed might
impact in the health of the workers, also creates unaesthetic environment and intern
affect the soil environment.
4.8.2 Impact due to operation phase
Improper management of solid waste (press mud and yeast sludge) leading to
deterioration of soil/land environment & in turn ground water pollution (100 mt radius
around the industry) affecting crop yield and health respectively.
Improper handling and storage of used oil generated during O & M of DG set, oil and
grease generated from various plant and machineries will have impact on the soil
environment affecting its inherent fertility.
Improper management of press mud (9000 TPM) in the sugar unit and yeast sludge
(180 TPM), ETP sludge(1 TPM) in distillery section and boiler ash (455 TPM) in
cogeneration will lead to soil, ground water and air pollution posing health hazard to
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humans and ecosystem in the form of low economy, health problems viz., breathing/
lung diseases.
Table 4.20 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management details
Sl
No Solid waste
Quantity
TPM
Method of
collection
Mitigation measures
Method of Storage Mode of disposal
Solid waste
1 Bagasse 67500 Mechanical
conveyor
Bagasse storage yard Sent to cogeneration
unit to use as fuel as
boiler
2
Boiler- Ash 300 Mechanical
conveyor into
common silo
for further
disposal
Ash storage yard
Fly ash brick
manufacturing
3 Incineration
Boiler Ash
155 Mechanical
conveyor into
common silo
for further
disposal
Ash storage yard
3 Press mud 9000 Mechanical
conveyor
Storage yard
Mixed in required
proportions and used as
manure.
4 Sludge from
ETP and CPU
1.0 Sludge drying
beds
Storage yard
5 Yeast sludge 180 Mechanical
conveyor
Storage yard
6 Lime Grit 9 Mechanical
screw
conveyor
Storage yard Used in low lying areas/
construction purpose
7 Domestic
solid waste
2.8 Collection bins Segregated.
Domestic organic
solid waste will be
composted, while the
inorganic solid waste
will be handed over
to nearby Gram
Panchayat.
Nearby municipal
agencies & recyclers.
Hazardous waste
8 Used oil from
DG sets
50 lts Stored in leak
proof sealed
barrels
Hazardous waste
storage area
Used as lubricants
within the industry
9 Steam turbine
oil waste
30 Lts
10 Waste oil
residue from
ETP
40 Lts Stored in leak
proof sealed
barrels
Hazardous waste
storage area
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4.9 Evaluation of Impacts
Matrix method was used to identify interactions between various project activities and
environmental parameters and components. Later, a weightage of 1-10 shall be given to the
impacts based on the significance of the impacts. The impacts are quantified “with” and
“without” EMP. The criteria adopted for weigtages are given below;
Table 4.21 Criteria for evaluation of impacts
Sl.No Criteria Score
1 Minor impact 1-2
2 Medium impact 3-4
3 Significant impact 5-8
4 Major impact 9-10
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Table 4.22 Impact Identification Matrix
Sl.No ACTIVITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
Air Noise Surface
Water
Ground
water Climate
Land
/soil Ecology
Socio
Economics Aesthetics Health
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
1. Site Clearing/levelling
2. Excavation activities
3. Transportation of
Construction materials
4. Construction activities
on land
5. Laying of roads
6. Labour camps
7. Movement of Vehicles
8. Construction Debris
9. Excavated Earth
10. Disposal of Sewage
11. Disposal of Solid waste
12. Stagnation of water
13. Storm Water
OPERATION PHASE
1. Process areas
Operation of D.G.Sets
2. Solid waste Disposal
3. Effluent /Sewage
Disposal spent wash
handling
5. D.G. Maintenance
6. Runoff
7. Vehicular Traffic
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Sl.No ACTIVITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
Air Noise Surface
Water
Ground
water Climate
Land
/soil Ecology
Socio
Economics Aesthetics Health
8. Greenery Development
9. Quality of Life
Table 4.23 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Construction Activities
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With
EMP
Site clearing/
Levelling/
Excavation
activities
Air Environment Dislodging of particles
from the ground
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible High
Noise Environment
Noise generation from
earth excavating
equipment
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Medium
Land use/Soil
Environment Excavation
Direct,
Negative Long Term Irreversible High
Ecology
Loss of vegetative
cover such as herbs and
shrubs
Direct
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible High
Health Dislodging of particles
from the ground
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Medium
Transportation
of construction
materials
Air Environment
Transport of
construction material in
trucks & Exhaust
emission from vehicles
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Medium
Noise Environment Noise generation from
vehicles
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Low
Health Risk of accidents
during transit
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Medium
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
260
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With
EMP
Ecology
Impact of noise on
birds, butterflies and
nocturnal animals
Direct
Negative
Long-
Term Irreversible Medium
Construction
activities on
Land
Air Environment
Operation of
construction machinery,
welding activities and
others
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible High
Noise Environment Noise generation from
use of machinery
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible Medium
Land use/Soil
Environment Setting up of Project
Direct,
Negative Long Term Irreversible High
Ecology Loss of vegetation Direct,
Negative Short -Tem Reversible Medium
Health Various construction
activities
Direct,
Negative Short -Tem Reversible Medium
Laying of Roads
Air Environment
Operation of
construction machinery,
Movement of Vehicles
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible High
Noise Environment
Noise generation from
use of machinery,
Vehicular movement
Direct,
Negative
Short-
Term Reversible High
Land use/Soil
Environment Development of Roads
Direct,
Negative Long Term Irreversible Medium
Ecology Loss of vegetation Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Labour Camps Air Environment Burning of Fuels Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
261
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With
EMP
Water Environment
(Ground) Disposal of Sewage
Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible High
Land/Soil
Environment Disposal of Sewage
In Direct,
Negative Short -Tem Reversible Medium
Socio-Economic
Employment
Opportunities, Influx of
people
In Direct,
Positive
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Health Disposal of
Sewage/Solid wastes
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Movement of
Vehicles
Air Environment Transportation of
Construction Materials
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Noise Environment Vehicular movement Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Ecology Impact on flora and
fauna
Direct
Negative Short- term Reversible High
Excavated
Earth/Muck
Land/Soil
Environment Foundation works
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Disposal of
Sewage
Water Environment
(Ground)
Domestic activities
from Labour camps/
site office
Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Aesthetics Odour nuisance In Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Health Disposal of Sewage Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Disposal of
Solid wastes
Land/Soil
Environment
Solid waste generation,
Land contamination
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Aesthetics Odour nuisance In Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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262
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With
EMP
Health Degradation of Solid
waste, attraction of flies
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Stagnation of
Water Health Mosquito breeding sites
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible High
Storm water
Run-off
Water Environment
(Surface) Construction site areas
Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Land/Soil
Environment Flooding
Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Table 4.24 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Operational Phase
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With EMP
Operation of the
sugar mill,
cogeneration unit
and distillery
unit
Air Environment Operation of boilers,
sugar production
Direct,
Negative
Long -
Term Reversible High
Noise Environment Noise generation from
the industrial operations
Direct,
Negative
Long -
Term Reversible High
Water Environment
(Ground)
Generation of
wastewater
Direct,
Negative
Long –
Term Reversible High
Ecology
Impact to due to
emission and noise on
flora and fauna
Direct
Negative
Long
term Irreversible High
D.G Set
operation
Air Environment Operation of D.G Set
during power failure
Direct,
Negative
Long -
Term Reversible Low
Noise Environment Noise generation
D.G Set
Direct,
Negative
Long -
Term Reversible Low
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
263
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With EMP
Greenery
Development Ecology
Improvement of local
flora and fauna,
movement of species
Indirect
Positive
Long –
Term Irreversible High
Solid Waste
generation
Land/Soil
Environment
Solid waste generation,
Land contamination
Direct,
Negative
Long –
Term Reversible High
Water Environment
(Ground)
Leachate generation,
Land contamination
Direct,
Negative
Long –
Term Reversible High
Aesthetics Odour nuisance In Direct,
Negative
Long -
Term Reversible Medium
Health Degradation of Solid
waste, attraction of flies
Direct,
Negative
Long –
Term Reversible Medium
Effluent/Sewage
Generation &
disposal
Water Environment
(Ground) Domestic activities
Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible High
Aesthetics
Odour
nuisance/Improper
treatment
In Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Health Disposal of Sewage Direct,
Negative
Short –
Term Reversible Medium
D.G/ machinery
maintenance
Land/Soil
Environment Used oil generation
Direct,
Negative Short –
Term Reversible Medium
Vehicular traffic
Air Environment Vehicle operation and
fuel combustion
Direct,
Negative
Short -
Term Reversible Medium
Noise Environment Noise generation from
vehicles
Direct,
Negative
Short-
term Reversible Medium
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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264
Activity Environmental
Attributes Cause
Impact characteristics Impact Evaluation
Nature Duration Reversibility Significance Without
EMP
With EMP
Quality of Life Socio- Economic
Employment
generation, Quality of
life, In-flow of funds in
the region, Increase in
housing
accommodation
In Direct,
Positive
Long -
Term Irreversible Medium
Storm water
Run-off Land Environment Flooding
Direct,
Negative
Long
term Reversible Medium
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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265
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.1 Introduction
Environmental Monitoring is important parameter to assess the status of environment during
construction and operation phases of the project. With the knowledge of baseline conditions,
the monitoring program can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental
conditions due to construction and operation of the proposed project and suitable
mitigation/measures/steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is
as important as control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be
determined by monitoring.
The objectives of monitoring are:
To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new
development.
To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical.
To check or assess the efficiency of the pollution control measures;
To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment
study, do not become critical through the operation of new development.
To establish a database for future impact assessment studies for new projects.
This environmental monitoring plan (EMP) has been developed in order to ensure the
mitigation measures recommended are delivered at each stage of the project development,
covering the construction phase (apprx. 18 months) and operational phase. Monitoring falls
into two general groups; qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment. Qualitative
monitoring activities include audits and inspection of works during the construction phase.
Quantitative monitoring techniques will include consideration of:
Concentrations of pollutants from the project;
Waste water quality, including site drainage;
Waste management, including recording the type and amount of wastes generated and
reuse/recycling/disposal route;
Energy and water management
Responsibility / Implementation of Environmental Monitoring lies with M/s Harsha Sugars
Ltd., both during construction and operational phase of the project.
5
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
266
Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme during Construction Phase
Sl.
No
Particulars of the
Monitoring
No. and Place of
Monitoring
Monitoring
frequency
Parameters for
Monitoring
Monthly
Budget
(Rs.)
1 Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring
- 24 Hrs
5 Nos
Near main gate
Construction area-
sugar
Construction area-
cogen
Construction area-
distillery
Labour camp
Monthly PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NO2
12,500/-
2 Ambient Noise
Level Monitoring -
24 hrs
5 Nos
Near main gate
Construction area-
sugar
Construction area-
cogen
Construction area-
distillery
Labour camp
Monthly Leq Day dB(A)
and Leq Night
dB(A)
6250/-
3 Ground Water
Quality
1 Nos
Near Labour camp
Monthly pH, Colour, Odour,
Turbidity, Total
Dissolved Solids,
Total Hardness, Ca,
Mg, SO4, F, NO3,
DO, Cl, Fe,
Coliform Count.
1800/-
4 Soil quality 1 Nos
Near Labour camp
Once in
season
Colour, pH,
Conductivity,
Moisture Content,
Calcium,
magnesium,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous,
Potassium, Organic
Matter, Sulphate,
Chloride.
1850/-
(616/- per
month)
Total 21,166/-
M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd will implement various productivity management programs in the
plant to improve the work environment, effective housekeeping and environment quality. All
the necessary steps will be taken in the plant to meet standards prescribed by the Karnataka
State Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
267
Table 5.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters during operation phase
Sl.
No. Particulars
Monitoring
frequency
Duration/
type of
monitoring
Important
parameters for
monitoring
Monthly
Budget
(Rs.)
I Air Quality
1 Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring within
premises - 5 locations
Near main gate
Sugar mill house
Near Boiler house
Distillery unit
Near ETP
Once in a
month
24 hrly
sample
PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NO2
12500/-
2 Stack/Chimney
Monitoring for Boilers,
D.G sets - 4 samples
140 TPH - 85 m
chimney
22 TPH boiler - 70 m
chimney
Once in a
month
Grab SO2, PM, NMHC &
CO
12,800/-
II Water Quality
1 Ground water analysis
within the premises and
in nearby villages - 2
samples
Once in a
month
Grab As per drinking water
quality standards
(IS10500:2012)
5,400/-
2 Effluent - ETP inlet&
outlet
Once in a
fortnight
Grab BOD, COD, pH, TSS,
oil and grease
800/-
(1600/- per
month)
3 Effluent- CPU inlet &
outlet
Once in a
fortnight
Grab pH, BOD, COD, TSS,
Oil & Grease
800/-
(1600/- per
month)
III Soil Quality
1 Soil quality analysis
(landscape area where
treated water is being
utilised)
Once in
season
Grab pH, C, Organic
matter, N, K, P.
1,000/-
(333/- per
month)
IV Ambient Noise level
monitoring :- near
Main Gate/Boundary
Mill house section,
Co-generation Plant,
Distillery section
D.G Set Room,
Crushing Areas,
Godowns, Parking bay,
Loading and Unloading
areas. (10 locations)
Once in a
Month
24Hrs
Monitoring
Noise levels in dB (A)
both during day &
night time.
12500/-
V Greenbelt development Seasonal Visual Survival rate 5,000/-
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
268
Sl.
No. Particulars
Monitoring
frequency
Duration/
type of
monitoring
Important
parameters for
monitoring
Monthly
Budget
(Rs.)
observations
Total 51,733/-
Continuous online monitoring of emission and effluent will also be provided and the same
will be connected to CPCB server.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
269
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
6.1 Risk and Hazard Mapping
M/s HSL has proposal for expansion of sugar cane crushing from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD,
14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr cogeneration and establishment of 60KLPD distillery within the
existing facility. As per TOR prescribed by MOEF and guidelines for sugar plant we here-by
appraise associated risk within project and also due to expansion. Apropos risk therefore need
to be responded and hence will be the Disaster Management Plan towards preparedness. This
is also statutory requirement as per MSIHC rule 1989 having hazardous material in process as
well as in stock exceeding prescribe threshold limit. While preparing this concise text with
respect to appraise risk and hazard being associated, we acclimatize with plant operation; lay
out, storage, process particularly with respect to hazard and likely impact. It is duly
composed on the basis of plant site visit, discussion with stake holders about operations and
their understanding with respect to hazard and approach toward mitigation, preparedness as
well as planning with to deal with any disaster or untoward incidence.
In our approach for Risk assessment we need to identify the hazards associated within plant
and their potential which might result into disaster or any untoward incidence. Hence the
criteria for assisting risk within plant quantity of hazardous material due to its intrinsic
properties which may result into fire, explosion or may be toxic or in combo. Other risk areas
are pressure equipment, high temp /pressure processes, pipeline, heavy movements etc.
Though they are susceptible to potential risk but such systems are customized and equipped
with safety gears and has safe operation as well as maintenance operational practices. Hence
this assessment may be not appropriate. We therefore assess the associated risk with the
Hazardous material quantification.
The raw materials, which will be required to run the plant, are discussed in detail in Chapter-
2.0. Bagasse is by product after crushing operation. This is considered as main fuel
supplement for power generation in co-gen mode. Apart some chemicals such as Lime,
Caustic Soda, Sulphur etc which will be stored in isolation with due care for storage with
instruction and written manual for handling. MSDS for all major chemicals are in place with
appropriate person to deal with emergent situation.
6.1.1 Risk Assessment Need and Importance
Industrial accident results in great personal & financial loss. Managing these accidental risks
in today’s environment is the concern of every industry including distillery also, because
either real or perceived incidents can quickly jeopardize the financial viability of a business.
Many facilities involve various manufacturing processes that have the potential for accidents
which may be catastrophic to the plant, work force and environment or public. The main
objective of the risk assessment study is to propose a comprehensive but simple approach to
carry out risk analysis and conducting feasibility studies for industries and planning &
management of industrial prototype hazard analysis in Indian context.
6
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
270
6.1.2 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment (HIRA)
Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe
condition) that exist in the plant. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the identification
and quantification of the risk, the plant equipment and Personnel are exposed to accidents
resulting from the hazards present in the plant.
Risk analysis involves the identification and assessment of risks to the population is exposed
to as a result of hazards present. This requires an assessment of failure probability credible
accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get
or generate consequently, the risk analysis in present case is confined to maximum credible
accident studies and safety and risk aspect related to Molasses based Distillery and power
plant.
Activities requiring assessment of risk due to occurrence of most probable instances of
hazard and accident are both onsite and off-site.
6.1.2.1 On-site
Exposure to fugitive dust, noise and other emissions will pose health hazards to employees in
the work zone. Good Housekeeping practices requiring contact with solid and liquid wastes
Emission/spillage etc. from storage & handling will be implemented.
6.1.2.2 Off-site
Exposure to pollutants released from offsite/ storage/related activities Contamination due to
accidental releases or normal release in combination with natural hazard Deposition of toxic
pollutants in vegetation / other sinks and possible sudden releases due to accidental
occurrences
6.1.3 Identification of types of Hazards in Sugar, Distillery & Co-
Generation Plant (HAZID)
Disaster at Sugar Mill, distillery and Co-generation plants may occur due to following
hazards:
Fire Electric Panels, Oil room and alcohol storage
Explosion in Boiler house etc
Electrocution
Cleaning of barrels, which have held chemical substances
Fall of material etc
The potential hazardous areas and the likely accidents with the concerned area have been
enlisted below
Table 6.1 Possible Hazardous Locations onsite
Sl. No. Hazardous Area Likely Accident
1 Boiler Area Explosion
2 Turbine room Explosion
3 Electrocution Lose fitting
4 Electrical rooms Fire and electrocution
5 Transformer Area Fire and electrocution
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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271
6 Cable tunnel Fire and electrocution
9 Distillery (Alcohol storage
tank)
Fire
10 Chimney Air pollution
11 Lagoon Storage Overflow, flooding
12 Bagasse storage Fire
6.1.3.1 Fire
Fire can be observed in the boiler area, Fuel spillage, Electrical rooms, Transformer area etc
due to accidental failure scenario. Fire from bagasse storage area will cause fatality.
6.1.3.2 Explosion
Explosion may lead to release of heat energy & Pressure waves. Boiler (140TPH and 22TPH
proposed incineration boiler) explosion causing fatality and property damage.
Fatal and property damage from alcohol storage tank in the event of spillage and leakage/
electrocution. Fatal Accident due to carelessness during working hours may lead to
electrocution.
6.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures
6.1.4.1 Preventive Measures for Electricity Hazard
All electrical equipment is to be provided with proper earthing.
Earthed electrode are periodically tested and maintained
Emergency lighting is to be available at all critical locations including the
operator’s room to carry out safe shut down of the plant
Easy accessibility of fire fighting facilities such as fire water pumps and fire alarm
stations is considered All electrical equipment are to be free from carbon dust, oil
deposits, and grease
Use of approved insulated tools, rubber mats, shockproof gloves and boots, tester,
fuse tongs, discharge rod, safety belt, hand lamp, wooden or insulated ladder and
not wearing metal ring and chain.
Flame and shock detectors and central fire announcement system for fire safety
are to be provided.
Temperature sensitive alarm and protective relays to make alert and disconnect
equipment before overheating is to be considered
Danger from excess current due to overload or short circuit is to be prevented by
providing fuses, circuit breakers, thermal protection
Routine maintenance checks for boiler on pressure and temperature including
valves, regular inspection from boiler inspectorate.
6.1.4.2 Preventive Measures/Precautionary Measures for Falling material
Safety helmets to be used to protect workers below against falling Material
Barriers like a toe boards or mesh guards is to be provided to prevent items from
slipping or being knocked off the edge of a structure
An exclusion zone is to be created beneath areas where work is taking place.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
272
Danger areas are to be clearly marked with suitable safety signs indicating that
access is restricted to essential personnel wearing hard hats while the work is in
progress.
6.1.4.3 Preventive Measures for and safety Measures for Storage & Handling of Alcohol
Handling and storage of alcohol is done as per prescribed norms.
Proposed Safety measures for storage and handling of alcohol
Providing flame arrestors on the top of all the storage tanks.
Flame proof fitting to all the systems which handles the alcohol.
Transfer of alcohol is by pipes only.
All the lightings are of flame proof and Foam Extinguishers inside the warehouse
Removal of all ignition sources and maintaining sterile conditions in and around all
areas
Hydrocarbon sensors will be provided to detect alcohol vapour release
In case of spill, mobile foam dispending system will be utilized.
Alcohol storage and handling area fire fighting facility as per OISD 117 norms
Type of foam compound used will be protein or fluro-protein of AFFF
Fire water mains, hydrants and monitor stand posts, raisers of water spray system will
be painted with “ fire Red” paint as per IS: 5
Hose boxes, water monitors and hydrant outlets will be painted with “Luminous
Yellow” paint as per IS:5
Double headed hydrants with two separate landing valves or monitor on suitably sized
stand post will be used
Fire water ring main will be provided all around perimeter of the installation
Spray nozzles will be directed radially to the tank at a distance not exceeding 0.6 m
from the tank surface. Only one type and size of spray nozzle will be used in a
particular facility.
6.1.4.4 Accidental Release Measures
For Spill Cleanup well Ventilation, Shutting off or removal of all possible sources of ignition,
absorbance of small quantities with paper towels and evaporate in safe place like fume hood
and burning of these towels in a safe manner, Use of respiratory and/or liquid-contact
protection by the Cleanup personnel will be promoted.
6.1.4.5 Need of Establishing a Fire Fighting Group
A small spark of fire may result into loss of lives, machines and the damage by fire may
result in high economic losses. This type of losses can be avoided by preventing and
controlling the fire instantly for which fire–fighting group will be established. The fire
fighting group would house and keep in readiness, the following types of equipment and
arrangements.
CO2 extinguishers
Dry powder chemical extinguishers
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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273
Foam extinguishers
80 mm. spray hoses
Fire brigade
Fire hydrant
Protocol (chemical to combat oil fires).
In order to avoid fire in cable galleries, all the power and control cables of FRLS
type (Fire Resistant Low Smoke) will be used.
6.1.4.6 Inspection
Fire alarm panel (electrical) will cover the entire plant. The inspection group will periodically
inspect fire extinguishers in fire stations and machines and other places. The groups will
display emergency telephone number boards at vital points. The group will regularly carry
out general inspection for fire.
6.1.5 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire
The following steps will be taken during a fire accident in the system: As soon as the
message is received about fire, one of the systems will be diverted to the place of the fire
accident along with a staff member. Simultaneously plant fire station will be informed by
phone walkie for fire brigades and fire stations of nearby area. In the meanwhile, the pipe
system will be operated to obtain maximum pressure on output. In case cables are within the
reach of fire, power supply will be tripped and the cables shifted.
6.1.5.1 Fire Fighting with Water
Adequate and reliable arrangement is required for fighting the fire with water such as:
Provision for Fire brigade and Fire hydrant.
Arrangement of pipelines along and around all vulnerable areas.
Provision of valves at appropriate points to enable supply of water at the required
place/area or divert the same to another direction/pipe line.
Provision of overhead tanks which will be providing water during power failure
and it would work by the gravitational force.
6.1.5.2 Sources of Water for Fire Fighting
The following two sources of water have been considered for fire fighting:
Overhead Tank
Raw Water Reservoir
6.1.5.3Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers
To deal with fire other than carbonaceous fires, which can be deal with by water suitable fire
extinguishers are required to do the job effectively. It is therefore necessary to keep adequate
number of extinguishers in readiness at easily approachable places. Adequate number of fire
stations would be provided.
Further, other spray groups from the system will be diverted to the spot. In case of fire in the
belt, it will be cut near the burning portion to save the remaining parts. After extinguishing
the fire, the area will be well prepared for reuse. Foam System for fire fighting will be
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provided to control fire from the alcohol storage tank. The foam thus produced will suppress
fire by separating the fuel from the air (oxygen) and hence avoiding the fire & explosion to
occur in the tank. Foam would blanket the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel will also
be cooled by the water content of the foam. The foam blanket suppresses the release of
flammable vapours that can mix with the air.
6.1.6 Environment Health and Safety Cell
This plant has fully fledged EHS cell (Environment Health & Safety Cell). Main function of
EHS cell is to assess the potential risks/hazards to environment, health of employees &
society and safety within the plant. Installation of fire fighting system, fire alarm, provision
of safety/protective equipment to workers and regular medical check-ups has been taken up.
Plant is maintained at zero discharge so no likely impact is likely to occur on environment
and society. Also regular monitoring of different parameters is being carried out to ensure
safety of environment and society. Trainings and Mock drills are also carried out in regular
intervals for workers to ensure the safety in case of any accident or natural hazard.
6.1.6.1 HSE Policy of this unit
Policy Statement on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) assist in:
Protecting the health and safety of employees, their contractors, customers and
neighbours.
Maintaining the security of people and assets
Protecting the environment
6.1.6.2 In addition to compliance with laws and regulatory requirements, Company will
pursue the following objectives:
Ensure that all activities are conducted in a manner which is consistent with this
plants Health, Safety, and Environment Standards
Ensure that business activities are conducted to prevent harm to employees,
contractors, the public, other stakeholders and the environment.
Develop, manufacture and market our products with full regard for HSE aspects.
6.1.6.3 Targets set to achieve objectives
To ensure continuous progress improvement in HSE performance
Provide safe and healthy workplaces for our employees and contractors.
Provide information, instruction and training to enable employees to meet their
responsibility to contribute to compliance with the Policy.
Provide appropriate HSE information for all contractors and others who work for
them.
Protect the environment by preventing or minimizing the environmental impact
due to plant activities and products through appropriate design, manufacturing,
distribution and by promoting responsible use and disposal practices.
Develop products and processes that help preserve resources and the environment
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6.1.6.4 Safety Organizational Cell
Fig 6.1 Safety organizational cell
6.1.7 Emergency Planning & Procedure
6.1.7.1 Emergency Control Centre
Emergency Control Centre (ECC) is cell from which emergency operations are directed and
coordinated. This centre activates as soon as on–site emergency is declared.
6.1.7.2 General Description of ECC
The ECC is located in an area that offers minimal risk being directly exposed to possible
accidents. During an emergency, the Emergency Management Staff, including the site
controller shall gather in the ECC. Therefore, the ECC shall be equipped with adequate
communication systems in the form of telephones and other equipment to allow unhampered
organisations and other nearby facility personnel.
The ECC provides shelter to its occupants against the most common accidents; in addition,
the ECC’s communication systems are protected from possible shutdown. ECC has its own
emergency lighting arrangement and electric communication systems operation. Table 6.2
shows Team involved in Emergency planning & Table 6.3 names, details and contact
numbers of Emergency Task Force.
Only a limited and prearranged number of people are admitted to the ECC, when in use. This
eliminates unnecessary interference and reduces confusion. The ECC is always ready for
operation and provided with the equipment and supplies necessary during the emergency
such as:
Updated copies of the on–site Disaster Management Plan.
Emergency telephone numbers.
The names, phone number, and address of external agencies, response
organizations and neighbouring facilities.
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The adequate number of telephone (more than two).
Emergency lights, Clocks, Personal protective equipment.
List of fire extinguishers with their type no. and location, capacity, etc.
Safety helmets – List of quantity & location.
Status boards/message board.
Material safety data sheets for chemicals handled at the facility.
Several maps of the facility including drainage system for surrounding area
showing:
Areas where hazardous materials are stored.
Plot plans of storage tanks, routes of pipelines, all water permanent
lines etc.
The locations where personal protective equipment are stored.
The position of pumping stations and other water sources.
Roads and plant entrances.
Assembly areas & layout of Hydrant line
Table 6.2 Emergency Team Chart
Emergency Task Force
Core Team Support Team
Coordinator Coordinator
1 Fir service 1 Finance
2 Safety 2 Accounting
3 Environmental cell 3 Material
4 Security 4 Transport
5 OHC 5 Welfare
6 Engineering service department 6 Purchase
7 HR 7 Computer system
8 Communication
9 Technology
Onsite Chief Controller-President/Sr. VP
Site Incident Controller(Senior most functionary)
Deputy Site Incident Controller(Shift In charge Process)
Table 6.3 Emergency Task Force Table
Sl.
No. NAME Contact phone
Core Team Coordinator
1 Safety Services Santhosh Patil 9108709976
2 Emergency cell Vishwanath S Patil 9606951171
3 Security services Nagarchi 9741448381
4 OHS V B Dhundare 9606951183
5 Engineering Service Dept Abhay M Sale 9822622693
6 HR U C Choukimath 9448341808
7 Communication Vinayak Nayak 9972136544
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8 Technical services Suresh Adagimani 8105969193
9 Environmental Cell Katigeri 9686850132
SUPPORT TEAM COORDINATOR
1 Finance Sujay Jadav 9844304000
2 Material N S Mangsule 9606951172
3 Stores B K Shintre 9902706923
4 Transport Muttappa Hosur 7795738631
5 Purchase Samir Attar 9606951173
6 Computer /IT M A Bagwan 9606951177
6.1.7.3 Emergency Planning for Disaster due to Fire
Cable rooms, transformer, unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, etc. within the plant are the
likely areas for which disaster management plan is to be made to deal with any eventuality of
fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administrative building will be included.
6.1.7.4 The main hazard potentials in the proposed Harsha Sugar Plant are as under
Material hazards of Bagasse for boiler unit. Mainly prone to fire due to store in open
yard.
Process hazards due to loss of containment during handling of hazardous materials or
processes resulting in fire, explosion, toxicity etc.
Mechanical hazards –due to mechanical operation such as welding, maintenance,
falling objects etc. basically those NOT connected to hazardous material.
Electrical hazards: electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.
Out of these, the material and process hazards are the one with a much wider damage
potential as compared to the mechanical and electrical hazards, which are by and large
limited to small pockets local pockets.
6.1.7.5Nature of Disaster
Disaster can occur as on site or off-site variety i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in
nearby area causing indirect damage to site area & the complex. Disaster may occur
due to 2 categories, natural and manmade calamities
Natural calamities cover Flood, Storm / typhoon, Earthquake, Tsunami, Heavy mist,
fog, hail storm, Land slide.
Manmade calamities involve Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage,
Electrocution, excavation, construction, erection, Sabotage, rail & road accidents,
mass agitation, Looting, Morcha, war.
6.1.7.6 The identified hazardous areas in the process are
Boiler area � Explosion
Oil tanks � Fire and spillage
Turbine section � Explosion
Electrical rooms � Fire and electrocution
Transformer area � Fire and electrocution
Cable � Fire and electrocution
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Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for fuel and alcohol
Considering various probabilities, the management & safety department has to create
awareness & preparedness in all employees and people in vicinity area in case of any sort of
emergency to occur & a chalked out attempt to surely overcome the disaster in time. This
includes preparation of onsite and offsite disaster control plans, mock drills at least 2 times
calendar year, reports for the same to DISH & due amendments for the perfect
implementation.
6.1.7.7 Level of Accident
If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the level of accidents
from damage point of view may vary. Accordingly, safety program will have to be initiated
by safety department simultaneously.
6.1.7.8 Critical Targets during Emergency
6.1.7.8.1 Level I Accidents
Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and
spontaneous ignition of combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence
affecting persons inside the plant. Various hazardous areas identified above are to be affected
due to level I accidents.
6.1.7.8.2 Level II Accidents
Disaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of all automatic
control/warning systems, and also if the fuel oil stored in tank and covered by tank bunds
leaks out. However, probability of occurrence of this is very low due to the proposed
adequate security training, and education level of plant personnel for the captive power plant.
Hazardous inventory as per project data will be as under
Table 6.4 Hazardous material storage Inventory
Sl
No
Hazardous Materials Quantity
1 RS 1000m3
2 ENA 1000m3
3 IS storage 1000m3
4 Day tank RS 80m3
5 Day tank ENA 80m3
6 Day tank IS 15m3
7 Sulphur 5 TPD or 150TPM
8 Bagasse 2250TPD
6.1.8 Safety Policy and Regulations
Keeping in view of the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance
phase Harsha Sugar Plant has safety policy in place.
6.1.8.1 Harsha Sugar Plant has formulated safety policy with the following regulations.
To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy policy at work place
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To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken in to account in the
design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment.
To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employee
To provide wherever necessary, protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing
and to ensure their proper use.
To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work area
known to be potentially hazardous to health and safety
To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making
necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to
date knowledge.
To provide appropriate instruction, training and supervision in health and safety, first
aid and ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters.
To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention and appropriate fire fighting
services together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service.
To ensure that professional advice is made available wherever potentially hazardous
situations exit or might arise.
To organize collection, analysis & presentation of data on accident, sickness &
incident involving personal injury to health with a view of taking corrective, remedial
and preventive action
To promote through the establishment machinery, joint consultation in health & safety
matters to ensure effective participation by all employees.
To publish/ notify regulation, instruction and notice in the common language of
employee.
To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/process involved in a
project.
To ensure regular safety inspection by a component person at suitable intervals of all
buildings equipment, work places and operation.
6.1.8.2An Approach to Risk Assessment
The objectives of Risk assessment are to control, prevent or reduce loss of life, illness, or
injury, damage to property and consequential loss and environmental impact.
Before risk can be effectively managed, it must be analyzed. The analysis of risk is a useful
tool for:
Identifying risks and approaches to their solution
Facilitating objective decisions on the acceptability of risk
Meeting regulatory requirement
The results of risk assessment can be used by a decision-maker to help to judge the
tolerability of risk and aid in choosing between potential risk reduction and avoidance
measures. From the decision-makers perspective some of the principal benefits of risk
assessment include:
Systematic identification of potential hazards
Systematic identification of potential failure modes
Quantitative risk statements or ranking
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Evaluation of possible modifications to reduce risk or achieve better dependability
levels
Identification of the important contributors to risk and weak links in a system
Better Understanding of the system and its installation
Comparison of risks to those of alternative systems or technologies
Identification and communication of risks and uncertainties
Help in establishing priorities for improved health and safety
A basis for preventive maintenance and inspection to be rationalized
Post-accident investigation and prevention
Selection between alternatives such as different risk-reduction measures and
technologies
Prevention of economic loss, etc
All these play an important role in effective risk management.
6.1.9 Scope of Work
a) Hazard Identification:
Study of ongoing operations being carried out at facility and Engineering information,
Piping and Instrumentation diagrams (P&ID), plot and layout plans.
Identification of fire, explosion & other health hazards;
Analysis of inventories in storage and handling units with recourse to Manufacture,
Storage & Import Of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 2000 and Fire- Explosion &
Toxicity Index (FE& TI);
Identification of accident sequences and consequences with recourse to Event Tree
Analysis (ETA) and to evaluate propensity of occurrence of the top event through
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA);
Past accident data/information analysis in similar installations to develop the
credibility of worst come worst accident scenarios; and
Visualization of Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenarios.
(B) Analysis of MCA Scenarios:
Analysis of identified MCA scenarios and quantification of primary effects and to evaluate
the domino effects with recourse to computerized mathematical models pertaining to cases
of:
Alcohol/ENA/RS outflow and its release
Spilled Product fire
Tank on fire and Pool Fire
Vapour cloud explosion (VCE)
Fire in bagasse stock piles
Fire/explosion in Sulphur storage
Application of damage criteria for heat radiation with recourse to health criteria, dose-
response relations and vulnerability models.
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(C) Recommendations based on:
Observations on the operational practices & Installation hardware
Findings of the Risk Analysis & safety review Check-list
Fire fighting& other emergency facilities available
Observations during the Mock Drill
Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000
Relevant OIL Industries Safety Directorate (OISD) Guidelines/PESO guidelines
6.1.10 Inventory of Hazardous Material
Inventory and type of flammable products plays the important role in analysis of risk, hazards
and their consequences. To analyze Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) Scenarios,
maximum inventory of the Stock material at the along with the road tank trucks present in the
vicinity of the site for loading/unloading have been considered. As well as, leakage through
pipeline/bursting of line containing in transit.
Maximum storage capacity of Hazardous material according to Flammability class is
tabulated as under:
Table 6.5 Maximum Inventories of Harsha Sugar Plant Products (with Flash Points)
Flammability
Class Flash Point Range
oC Products Total Capacity
A FP < 23 Ethanol/RS/ENA 60 KLPD
6.2 Hazard Identification and Visualization of MCA Scenarios
6.2.1 Introduction
“Risk” is loss per unit time and is the product of the consequence of an event and the
frequency of its occurrence. All activities involve some risk. In our everyday life, people
engaged in an activity frequently perform their own risk assessment often intuitively. The
level of risk deemed to be acceptable is highly subjective, varies from person to person, and
depends on many factors. Total avoidance of risk (zero risk) is an unattainable goal. Risk can,
however, be reduced through the implementation of control measures, engineering design and
good management practices.
The starting point of the risk analysis study is the identification of hazards and selection of
scenarios which are then addressed for further analysis.
"Hazard" is a characteristic of a system, Installation or processes that present potential for an
accident. It is defined as a chemical or physical condition that has the potential for causing
damage to people, property or the environment. Therefore, all the relevant aspects of
hazardous material storage and handling process have been thoroughly examined to assess
their potential for initiating or propagating an unintentional event or sequence of events,
which can lead to an accident or disaster. Type, quantity, location & conditions of release of
the hazardous material under various scenarios have been examined in order to estimate its
damage potential, area affected, and based on that, the precautionary measures needed to be
taken are suggested in Independent Heading – “RECOMMENDATIONS”
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6.2.2 Hazard potential: Deciding factor
Factors considered to identify and analyze the hazard potential are:
Flash point & Boiling point of the alcohol /flammable Products as well as intrinsic
chemical properties of bagasse and sulphur
Inventory of the alcohol /flammable, bagasse and sulphur.
Potential for loss from containment/fire in stock
Pool size & dyke capacity
Potential for availability of ignition sources in the vicinity of leakage or spillage
Apart from the characteristics and process of its handling, size & layout of the sugar plant are
also analyzed in order to assess the hazard potential.
6.2.3 Identification of Hazards
Identification of hazards is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost-
effective control of accidents involving hazardous stock of material and their operations.
Alcohol/ flammable, bagasse, sulphur require sufficient interaction with air or oxygen for
their mixture to form in presence of ignition source and then for occurrence of their hazards
associated with them. Under certain circumstances, vapours of the products when mixed with
air may be explosive especially in confined spaces. Following methods of hazard
identification have been employed in this study:
All hazardous materials present on the site, and or transported to and from the site are
identified
The properties of these hazardous materials are reviewed in order to categories the
possible hazards
Characterization of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import
of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, Government of India, 2000; referred here as MSIHC
Rules.
Identification of hazardous installations based on relative ranking technique, viz.
Dow's Fire Explosion Index and Mond's Toxicity Index (FE & TI)
The site facilities and transport systems are examined to identify where the hazardous
materials are present and the conditions under which they are contained
The major hazards in petrochemical, chemical plants and installations are due to substances
within the Installations that can be released to cause either:
Fire
Explosion
Toxic effect (Poisoning)
At Harsha Sugar Plant, Fire and Explosion are the major hazards due to handling and storage
of products. At Harsha Sugar Plant, Alcohol is the main HZ flammable material having
potential threat to fire and explosion. We therefore consider all possible MCA with respect to
these inventories. The credible accident scenarios with these materials can be –
Pool fire
Jet fire
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Spill fire
Tank on fire
VCE
BLEVE
Pressure waves
Stock pile fire and other incidental conducive conditions
However, each scenario can cause potential damage under favourable conditions. But
obvious chances for incidences are remote as all safety gears are in place with due practice.
More over all scenarios have been visualized vis-à-vis most credible one. IT can be
quantified to assess possible damage and hence planning for preventive as well as protective
arrangement also being designed, reviewed. Most of them are not credible scenarios under
normal conditions. Their probability of occurrence has been rated lesser then 1 in million
years as per standard prescribe text (TNO GREEN BOOK). Accordingly, such scenarios have
been considered as acceptable risk. We therefore restricted our estimation of damage
potential for spill fire/tank on fire cases for sake of symbolic risk assessment. OISD also
prescribe safety measures towards mitigation measures and suggested control as well as fire
fighting gears to be in place. Accordingly, hydrant lining monitors, cooling water, water
storage static tank, ROV, automation etc. have been integrated.
For estimation of damage potential, we need to understand intrinsic properties of Hazardous
stock. By simulating scenario and thus applying modeling software we can assess extent of
damage potential as well as quantum. In our further collation, we are compiling those
attributes and evaluate the different cases for risk mapping.
6.2.4 Physico – Chemical Properties of Alcohol /ENA/RS/AA
We use generic work Alcohol (similar almost RS/ENA/AA) is highly inflammable in their
basic character (depending on Flammability class). They are dangerous because of their
intrinsic properties, i.e. flash point, ignition energy required, heat of combustion,
flammability limits, etc. In addition to such intrinsic properties, extrinsic factors like quantity
of storage, Type of storage (A/G or U/G) and operating conditions are also considered for
hazard identification. Physico-chemical properties of the Alcohol products, to be stored
during operation phase of Harsha Sugars Ltd., are given in Table 6.6
Table 6.6 Hazardous Properties of Alcohol
SN Properties Ethanol
1 Physical State Highly Volatile
2 ALCOHOL Act/OISD
Flammability Class
A
3 Specific Gravity 0.79
4 Reactive to -
5 Flash point ºC (Range) < 23
6 Boiling point ºC 78.32
7 Auto – Ignition Temperature ºC 422
8 Specific Heat (KJ/Kg °K) 2.13
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9 Heat of Evaporation (KJ/Kg) 85.38
10 Heat of Combustion (KJ/Kg) 30624
Table 6.7 Flammability Classification Criteria
SN Flammability Class Flash point (°C)
1 Class A Flammable Liquid FP < 23
2 Class B Flammable Liquid 23 > FP <65
3 Class C Flammable Liquid 65 > FP < 93
4 Excluded ALCOHOL More than 93
6.2.5 Applicable MSIHC Rules 2000
Major hazard installations in the country have been identified & characterized by MSIHC
(Manufacturing, storage and Identification of Hazardous Chemicals) Rules, amended in 2000.
The rules employ certain criteria based on flammable, explosive & toxic properties and
quantity of the chemicals. Indicative criteria adopted in the MSIHC Rules, 2000 and
description of applicable provisions of the rules is given in Appendix I.
As per provisions of the MSIHC Rules, 2000 quantity of alcohol Product Storage at the
Installations has been analyzed and the applicable rules are identified based on the type of
alcohol products, quantity of storage and the threshold quantity given in the rules. Applicable
regulations of MSIHC Rules, 2000 to the Installations are identified in the following Table
6.9
All alcohol products marketing locations fall under the category of isolated storage, which
comes under schedule 2 of MSIHC Rules. Threshold quantities and applicability of various
rules are as follows:
Table 6.8 Applicability of MSIHC Rules
SN
Product Storage Capacity Threshold Quantity (MT) as
per MSIHC Rules* Applicable Rules
Class In m3
For Rules 4,5,7
to 9 & 13 to 15
For Rules
10 to 12
1 Class A
1000 m3
(Bulk storage for each product at
distillery)
7000 7000
2(e)(i) & (ii), 2(h)(i),
4,5,7 to 9, 10 to 12
& 13 to 15
Rule 2: Identification for Existence of "Hazardous Chemicals”
"Hazardous chemicals" are existing in the HPCL, Installation as per rule 2(e)(i) &
2(e)(ii), alcohol products existing at the Depot are covered under Schedule I(b)(ii)
"Industrial Activity" carried out in the Depot involves operation / processes having
hazardous chemicals and includes their on-site storage & transportation as per Rule
2(h) (i). “Isolated storage” of alcohol products is covered in schedule 2.
Rule 3: Duties of the Government Authorities
Duties of the Government Authorities as per schedule V.
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Rule 4: General Responsibility of Occupier
As "hazardous chemicals" exist in the Depot the occupier has to provide evidence to show
that he has:
Identified the major accident hazards &
Taken adequate steps to:
Prevent such major accidents and to limit their consequences to persons &
environment.
Provide information, training and safety equipments, including antidotes to the
persons working on site to ensure their safety
Rule 5: Notification of Major Accidents
Notification of "Major Accidents" in the format given in Schedule 6 to Chief
Inspector of factories and to other authorities as listed in Schedule V.
Rule 7: Notification of Site
Notification of site and updated information of the modifications to the competent
authority as per Schedule VII.
Rule 8: Updating of the Site Notification Following Changes in the Threshold Quantity
Any change in the “threshold quantity” (storage quantity) is to be notified to the
competent authority.
Rule 9: Transitional Provision
Transitional Provision for the existing activity
Rule 10: Safety Reports
Preparation of Safety report by the occupier & to carry out an independent safety
audit once in a year.
Rule 11: Updating of report under rule 10
Updating of safety reports based on modification.
Rule 12: Requirement for further information to be sent to the authority
Further information on safety reports to the authority.
Rule 13: Preparation to On-sire emergency plan by the occupier
Preparation of onsite emergency plan by the occupier & to conduct mock drill once in
every 6 months.
Rule 14: Preparation of Off-sire emergency plan by the occupier
Preparation of offsite emergency plan by the occupier & to conduct mock drill once in
every Year.
Rule 15: Information to be given to persons liable to be affected by a major accident
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Rule 17: Collection, Development and Dissemination of Information on "Hazardous
Chemicals" Employed by the Occupier
Material Safety Data Sheet is to be prepared as per Schedule IX
Every container of hazardous chemical should be labelled or marked to identify
Contents of the container
The name and the address of the manufacturer
Physical, Chemical and Toxicological data as per the criteria given in Schedule I
: Part I
Rule 18: Import of Hazardous Chemicals
The rule is applicable as “hazardous chemicals” as per Schedule 1 Part I (b) (ii) exist
in the Installation.
To provide timely information to various Govt. Authorities listed in Schedule V
Name & address of the company receiving the consignment in India
The port of entry in India
Mode of transport from exporting country to India
The quantity of chemicals being imported
Complete product safety information
6.2.6 Fire Explosion Index (FEI) Analysis
Introduction & Objectives
The most widely used relative ranking hazard indices are Dow chemical Company's Fire
Explosion Index (FEI) and Mond's Toxicity Index (TI). They are commonly together
referred to as Fire Explosion and Toxicity Index (FEI & TI).
FEI and TI involve objective evaluation of the realistic fire, explosion, toxicity and
reactivity potential of process or storage units. The quantitative methodology relies on the
analysis based on historic loss data, the energy content of the chemical under study and the
extent to which loss prevention measures are already incorporated. FEI are primarily
designed for operations involving storage, handling and processing of flammable,
combustible and reactive chemicals.
Table 6.9 Fire & Explosion Index & Category
SN Fire & Explosion Index (FEI) Category
1 FEI <60 Light
2 61> FEI <96 Moderate
3 97>FEI <127 Intermediate
4 128 >FEI <158 Heavy
5 159 and more Severe
Computations of FEI for storage units of sugar plant are computed in the following Table.
Here only FEI is computed, because alcohol is inflammable in nature and not toxic. Toxic
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effect is left just momentary and hence not dangerous as other real toxic chemicals e.g.
Chlorine.
Table 6.10 Fire Explosion Index for Storage Units
SN Product Product
Capacity
Material Factor Penalties Fire & Explosion
NH NF NR MF GPH SPH Index Category
1 Ethanol 60 KLPD 0 3 0 16 0.5 1.67 64.14 Moderate
Ethanol Storage Tanks (Coming under Moderate), all other Storage Tanks falls under light
category
6.2.7 Visualization of MCA Scenarios
6.2.7.1 Introduction
A Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) can be characterized as an accident with a maximum
damage potential, which is believed to be credible. For selection of a MCA scenario
following factors have been taken into account.
Flammability of the alcohol Products
Quantity of Products present in the tank
Process or storage conditions such as temperature, pressure, flow, mixing and
presence of incompatible materials
In addition to the above factors, location of the unit with respect to adjacent establishment has
been taken into consideration to account for the potential of escalation of an accident. This
phenomenon is known as the domino or secondary effect. In order to visualize MCA
scenarios Chemical Inventory Analysis, Event Tree Analysis and Past Accident Review have
been employed.
6.2.7.2 Chemical Inventory Analysis
Maximum inventory of ALCOHOL Products, bagasse, sulphur, in pipeline/transit sections,
storage units and handling equipments has been considered.
6.2.7.3 Identification of Chemical Release & Accident Scenarios
Credible accident scenarios for the Depot have been divided into following categories
according to the mode of release of alcohol products, physical effects and the resulting
damages:
Jet fire (leakage of alcohol products from a tank/pipe/pump/joints and the products
stream catching fire in case of Ethanol)
Spilled product Fire (Release of alcohol products from valve joints, loose
connections, etc.)
Pool fire (release of alcohol products from a tank, rupture of pipeline sections, etc.
forming a pool within the area thereafter catching fire)
Tank on Fire (due to external heat, joints of roof of tank get loose and it get thrown
outside and if the surface of tank catches fire, it is termed as tank on fire)
Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion (UVCE) as a secondary effect of above
mentioned scenarios
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Fire in stock pile of bagasse, sulphur under favourable conditions
6.2.7.4 Even Tree Analysis (ETA) to define outcome of release
Different outcomes of a leakage or catastrophic failure are possible depending on if and when
ignition occurs and the consequences thereupon. ETA considers various possibilities such as
immediate or delayed ignition for the different outcomes to occur.
ETA diagram for various modes of failures of storage tank/ pump/ pipe/ joints for
atmospheric storage of alcohol products have been developed for conditions such as
overfilling, over-pressure and remote incidents like missile, lightening or bomb attack and
earthquake. The resultant ruptures of vessels or leak incidents have been identified with
possible outcomes of such incidents. Even tree Analysis for Harsha Sugars Ltd., is shown in
Figure 6.2. Scenarios pertaining to leakage & spillage are most credible in such Installation.
6.2.7.5 Fault Tree Analysis to Explore Propensity for Occurrence of the Top Event
In ALCOHOL Installations, it is important to analyze the possible mechanisms of failure and
to perform probabilistic analysis for the expected rate of such failures. A technique like Fault
Tree Analysis (FTA) can suitably be used for this purpose. Any system represented by a fault
tree has components that operate in series or parallel, with the contribution of the two being
most frequent. These components are studied for their failure and the possible causes are
linked together through logical gates. Thus, a complete network is formed using logical gates
for different causes and consequences. This network represents a system for which propensity
towards top event is examined.
To construct a fault tree for a present case, Pool fire scenario is designated as the "top event”.
Tracing backward, exactly opposite to the forward approach followed in Event Tree Analysis
(ETA), all failures that could lead to the top event are found. Then all failures leading to each
of those events are identified. The word `event' means conditions, which are deviations from
the normal or planned state of operation of a system.
The evaluation of fault tree may be qualitative or quantitative or both depending on the scope
of analysis and requirement. The aim of fault tree evaluation is to determine whether an
acceptable level of safety has been incorporated in the design of the system or not. Suitable
design improvements to minimize the probability of occurrence of top event are found out.
The system safety is upgraded by evaluating the critical events that significantly contribute to
the top event and the measures provided to cope with such eventualities.
6.2.7.6 Short Listing of MCA Scenarios
Based on the hazard identification and comparing the nature of installation with that from
past accidents in similar units, a final list of MCA scenarios for the Depot has been made,
which is tabulated below. These are the maximum credible accidents, which may occur, in
the respective unit.
Table 6.11 Short Listing of MCA Scenarios for Hazardous material
SI.No Tank No/stock piles. Hazardous
Product
MCA Scenario
1 Bulk Storage Ethanol/ ENA/
RS/AA
Pool Fire, Spilled product Fire, Tank on
Fire& VCE
2 Stock Bagasse/sulphur Stock pile fire/dust explosion
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The above foreseen accident scenarios will have certain adverse effects on the nearby
units/structures in the Depot which may lead to escalation of the accident further.
Consequences of the entire above maximum credible accident scenarios have been analyzed
in detail in the section: Consequence Analysis.
Fig 6.2 Event Tree Analysis for Atmospheric Storage of Flammable Liquids
Fig 6.3 Fault Tree Analysis for Top Event of Pool Fire Scenario
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6.2.7.7 Consequence analysis
6.2.7.7.1 Introduction
This chapter deals with the quantification of various effects of release of
ALCOHOL/hazardous material products on the surrounding area by means of mathematical
models and internationally recognized Safety software.
It is intended to give an insight into how the physical effects resulting from the release of
hazardous substances can be calculated by means of computerized models and how the
vulnerability models can be used to translate the physical effects in terms of injuries and
damage to exposed population & environment.
Table 6.12 Mathematical and Analytical Model for Hazard Analysis
SN Phenomenon Applicable Models
1 Outflows:
Liquid, Two phase
Mixtures, Gas/vapour
Bernoulli flow equation; phase equilibrium; multiphase
flow models; orifice/nozzle flow equations; gas laws;
critical flow criteria
2 Discharges:
Spreading liquid
Vapour jets
Flashing liquids
Evaporation of liquids on land
& water
Spreading rate equation for non-penetrable surfaces
based on cylindrical liquid pools
Turbulent free jet model
Two zone flash vaporization models
Spreading, boiling & moving boundary heat transfer
models; Film & meta-stable boiling phenomenon;
cooling of semi-infinite medium
3 Dispersion:
Heavy Gas
Natural Gas
Atmospheric stability
Boundary dominated, stable stratified &
positive dispersion models (similarity)
3D Models based on momentum, mass &
energy conservation
Gaussian Dispersion models for naturally
buoyant plumes
Boundary layer theory (turbulence), Gauss Ian
distribution models
4 Heat Radiation:
Liquid pool fires
Jet fires
Fire balls
Stock pile fire
Burning rate, heat radiation & incident heat correlation
(semi imperial); Flame propagation behaviour models
Fire jet dispersion model
API fire ball models relating surface heat flux of flame,
geometric view factor & transmission coefficients
5 Vulnerability:
Likely damage
Probit functions; Non-Stochastic vulnerability models
First, attention is paid to the factors, which are decisive for the selection of the models to be
used in a particular situation, after which the various effect models are discussed.
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6.2.7.7.2 Factors which Influence the use of Physical Effect Model
In order to calculate the physical effects of the incidental release of hazardous substances the
following steps have been carried out in succession:
Understanding of the form in which the hazardous substance is in existence (i.e. liquid
of highly volatile nature in case of alcohol Product)
Determination of the various ways in which the release can take place
Determination of the outflow volume or quantity (as a function of time) i.e. estimating
rate of evaporation from the pool of liquid;
Solid hazardous stock like bagasse as well as sulphur
In the case of ALCOHOL Product, quantity of leaked or spilled Product along with pool size
has been calculated. Finally, the analysis results in computation of heat radiation intensity
(KW/m2) with respect to distance for various MCA scenarios. In this analysis, final effect
calculations have been made for pool fire for heat radiation intensity effects with respect to
distance from dyke wall. However, for stock pile fire black body radiation strength can be
computed.
6.2.8 Models for determining the source strength for the release of
hazardous substances
Source strength of a release means the quantity of the substance released with respect to time.
The release may be instantaneous or continuous. In case of instantaneous release, the strength
of the source is given in Kg whereas in continuous release source strength depends on the
outflow time and expressed in Kg/s. In order to find the source strength, it is first necessary to
determine the state of a substance in a vessel or pipe along with physical properties, viz.
vapour pressure & minimum ignition energy required. Phase of alcohol Product at the time of
accidental release is also to be determined. This may be gas, gas condensed to liquid or liquid
in equilibrium with its vapour.
6.2.8.1 Instantaneous Release
In the event of the instantaneous release of a liquid a pool of liquid will form. The
evaporation can be calculated on the basis of pool size, volatile nature of the product (i.e.
vapour pressure) and meteorological conditions.
6.2.8.2 Semi – Continuous Outflow
In the case of a semi continuous outflow, it is again first of all necessary to determine
whether it is gas, a gas condensed to liquid or liquid that is flowing out. The following
situations can occur here.
a) Gas Outflow:
The model with which the source strength is determined in the event of a gas outflow
is based on the assumption that there is no liquid in the system.
b) Liquid Outflow:
In case of liquid outflow, discharge due to overall head difference takes place.
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6.2.9 Model for Evaporation
In application of evaporation models, alcohol product is a case of volatile liquid. From the
pool, which has formed, evaporation will take place as a result of the heat flow from the
ground and solar radiation. The evaporation model only takes account of the heat flow from
the ground since the heat resulting from solar radiation is negligibly small compared with the
former. The evaporation rate depends on the kind of liquid and the kind of subsoil.
6.2.10 Model for Dispersion
The gas or vapour released either instantaneously or continuously will be spread in the
surrounding area under the influence of the atmospheric turbulence. In the case of gas
dispersion, a distinction is required to be made between neutral gas dispersion and heavy gas
dispersion. The concentrations of the gas released in the surrounding area can be calculated
by means of these dispersion models. These concentrations are important for determining the
nature of accidents for example an explosive gas cloud formation injuries will occur in the
case of toxic gases.
6.2.10.1 Heavy Gas Dispersion Model
If the gas density is higher than that of air due to higher molecular weight or marked cooling,
it will tend to spread in a radial direction because of gravity. This results in a "gas pool" of a
particular height and diameter. As a result of this, in contrast to a neutral gas, the gas released
may spread against the direction of the wind.
6.2.11 Model for Heat Load and Shock Waves
6.2.11.1 Model for flare
If an out-flowing vapour (in case of class A Products) forms a cloud with concentrations
between the lower and upper explosion limit and ignition takes place,
momentary/instantaneous/luminous fire film may occur for fraction of seconds. A model with
which the length of a torch and the thermal load for the surrounding area can be calculated,
assumes an elliptic shaped torch. The volume of the flare in this model is proportional to the
outflow. In order to calculate the thermal load, flare is regarded as a point source located at
the centre of the flare. This centre is taken as being half a flare length from the point of
outflow.
6.2.11.2 Model for jet fire
In this event, if out-going stream is due to small opening / hole in the storage tank / valve
joints having sufficient liquid head may result in jet fire if it catches ignition source.
6.2.11.3 Model for Spilled/Pool fire/Tank on Fire
The schematic of a pool fire is depicted in fig. The heat load on objects outside a burning
pool of liquid can be calculated with the heat radiation model. This model uses average
radiation intensity, which is dependent on the liquid. Account is also taken of the diameter-to-
height ratio of the fire, which depends on the burning liquid. In addition, the heat load is also
influenced by the following factors:
Distance from the fire
Relative humidity (water vapour has relatively high heat absorbing capacity)
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The orientation i.e. horizontal/vertical of the object irradiated with respect to the fire
6.2.12 Vulnerability Model
Vulnerability models or dose response relations, which, are used in order to determine how
people are injured by exposure to heat load or a toxic dose. Such models are designed on the
basis of animal experiments or on the basis of the analysis of injuries resulting from
accidents, which have occurred. Vulnerability models often make use of a Probit function. In
a Probit function a link is made between the load and the percentage of people exposed who
suffer a particular type of injury. The Probit function is represented as follows:
Pr = k1 + k2 ln V in which,
P = Probit, a measure for the percentage of people exposed who incur a particular
injury (relation between percentages & Probit is given in Table 6.13.
k1 = A constant depending on the type of injury and type of load
k2 = A constant depending on the type of load
V = Load or dose
Table 6.13 Relationship between Percentage and Probit
Percentage Probit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 - 2.67 2.95 3.12 3.25 3.36 3.45 3.52 3.59 3.66
10 3.72 3.77 3.82 3.87 3.92 3.96 4.01 4.05 4.08 4.12
20 4.16 4.19 4.23 4.26 4.29 4.33 4.36 4.39 4.42 4.45
30 4.48 4.50 4.53 4.56 4.59 4.61 4.64 4.67 4.69 4.72
40 4.75 4.77 4.80 4.83 4.85 4.87 4.90 4.92 4.95 4.97
50 5.00 5.03 5.05 5.08 5.10 5.13 5.15 5.18 5.20 5.23
60 5.25 5.28 5.31 5.33 5.36 5.39 5.41 5.44 5.45 5.50
70 5.52 5.55 5.58 5.61 5.64 5.67 5.71 5.74 5.77 5.81
80 5.84 5.88 5.92 5.95 5.99 6.04 6.08 6.13 6.18 6.23
90 6.28 6.34 6.41 6.48 6.55 6.64 6.75 6.88 7.05 7.33
- 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
99 7.33 7.37 7.41 7.46 7.51 7.58 7.65 7.75 7.88 8.09
6.2.12.1 Injuries resulting from flammable liquids and gases
In the case of flammable liquids and gases and immediate ignition a pool fire or a flare will
occur depending on the conditions. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat
radiation.
6.2.12.2 Damage Models for Heat Radiation
It is assumed that everyone inside the area covered by the fire ball, a torch, a burning pool or
gas cloud will be burned to death or will asphyxiate. The following Probit functions are an
example of a method, which can be used to calculate the percentage of lethality, and first-
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degree burns that will occur at a particular thermal load and period of exposure of an
unprotected body.
Lethality: Pr = -36.83 + 2.56 ln (t.q4/3)
First degree burn symptoms: Pr = -39.83 + 3.0186 in (t.q4/3)
In which, t = exposure time in seconds and;
q = thermal load W/m2
Two values have been chosen for the exposure time to heat radiation:
10 seconds: for exposed persons in populated area it is assumed that they will
have found protection from the heat radiation e.g. from a wall, within 10 seconds
30 seconds: this pessimistic assumption applies if people do not run away
immediately or when no protection is available
Thermal radiations for particular Heat Radiation Intensity (KW/m2) give different impacts. It
depends on Intensity of Heat Radiation and surrounding facilities. Following table describes
the damage due to particular Heat Intensity.
Table 6.14 Damages Envisaged at Various Heat Loads
Incident Radiation intensity,
KW/m2
Type of damage Intensity
Damage to Equipment Damage to People
62.0 Spontaneous Ignition of
Wood Table 6.14
100% Lethality (severe damage)
37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to
process equipment
100% lethality in 1 min. and 1%
lethality in 10 sec.
25.0
Minimum energy required to
ignite wood, at infinitely long
exposure (non-piloted)
50% Lethality in 1 min. and
Significant injury in 10 sec.
19.0
Maximum thermal radiation
intensity allowed on thermally
unprotected equipment
-
12.5
Minimum energy required for
piloted ignition of wood,
melting plastic tubing etc.
1% lethality in 1 min.
9.5 - Pain threshold reached after 15
seconds
6.4
- Pain threshold reached after 8
seconds. Second Degree burns after
20 seconds.
4.5
- Sufficient to cause pain to
personnel if unable to reach cover
within 20 seconds, however
blistering of skin (first degree
burns) is likely
2.0 PVC insulated cables
damaged
-
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1.6
- Will cause no discomfort to long
exposure. Pain threshold reached
after 60 seconds
0.7
- Equivalent to solar radiation.
Exposed skin reddens and burns on
prolonged exposure
Source: Reference Green book “Methods for Determination of Possible Damage”, TNO,
Netherlands; World Bank (1988); Technical Report No. 55: Techniques for Assessing
Industrial Hazards; D.C.: The World Bank
The level of damage caused is a function of duration of exposure as well as heat flux. This is
true both for the effects on buildings and Installation equipment as well as personnel.
However, the variation in likely exposure time is much more marked with personnel due to
possibility of findings shelter.
The following table gives the relationship between exposure time and heat flux against the
fatality probability factors. Fatality Probability due to thermal radiation:
Table 6.15 Relationship between exposure time and heat flux
Percentage of Fatality 10% 50% 99%
Heat Flux (KW/m2) Times in Seconds
1.6 500 1300 3200
4.0 150 370 930
12.5 30 80 200
37.5 8 20 50
In general, it might be possible to take to a “shelter” within 30-60 seconds. As can be seen
from above table, the change between very low to very high fatality probabilities occurs
between flux levels of 12.5 kw/m2 and 37.5 kw/m
2. For transient fires like fire ball, the steady
state heat flux levels cannot be used to estimate the damage. The degree of thermal radiation
in terms of total incident thermal energy dose levels are relevant as shown in table below:
Table 6.16 Physiological effect of Threshold Thermal Dose:
Thermal Threshold Dose (KJ/m2) Effects
37.5 3rd
Degree Burns
25.0 2nd
Degree Burns
12.5 1st Degree Burns
6.5 Threshold of Pain or blistering of skin
6.2.13 Impact of Overpressure
Pressure wave’s results due to catastrophic failure or rupture of storage tank/pipeline etc. it
results in generation of high pressure waves which have potential to cause damage to
property/personnel/equipments/neighbouring areas. A peak over pressure of 0.1 bar is taken
as the limit for fatal injury and 0.03 bar as the limit for the occurrence of wounds as the result
of flying fragments of glass. Following inferences are used to translate an explosion in terms
of damage to the surrounding area:
Everyone within the contours of the exploding gas cloud will die as a result of burns or
asphyxiation. Establishments in this zone will be fully destroyed.
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In houses with serious damage it is assumed that one in eight persons present will be
killed as a result of the building collapsing. Within the zone with a peak over pressure
of 0.3 bar the risk of death in houses is 0.0125, i.e. one in eighty people will be killed.
Table 6.17 Damage Effects of Blast Overpressure
Peak Overpressure (Bar) Damage Level
5.0 – 8.0 Major structural damage (assumed fatal to people
inside building or within other structures)
100% Lethality
3.5 – 3.0 Oil storage tank failure
50% Lethality
2.0 – 3.0 Eardrum rupture
Threshold Lethality
1.33 - 2.0 Repairable damage. Pressure vessels intact; light
structures collapse
Severe lung Damage
1.0 – 1.33 Window breakage, possibly causing some injuries
50% eardrum Rupture
0.3 Heavy (90% Damage)
0.1 Repairable (10% Damage)
0.03 Damage of glass
0.01 Crack of windows
6.2.13.1 Summary of Damage Criteria
The summary of damage criteria adopted in the study based on vulnerability models and
published health criteria for arriving at damage distances for the identified effects are:
Table 6.18 Damage Criteria for Pool Flare/Jet Fire
SN Damage
Exposure Time = 10s Exposure Time = 3s
With
Protection
Without
Protection
With
Protection
Without
Protection
1 100% lethality & severe damage
to life & property
Within
pool
Within
pool
Within pool Within
pool
2 1% Lethal Injury (kW/M2) 21.1 16.5 9.3 7.3
3 1% First Degree Burns (KW/m2) 8.5 6.9 4.5 3.0
6.2.14 Result of Maximum Credible Accident Analysis (MCA)
The maximum credible accident scenarios for the Harsha Sugars Ltd. have been identified
and listed in Table below. Results of those identified scenarios are tabulated in subsequent
headings as under.
6.2.15 Spilled Product Fire Scenario
In Harsha Sugar Plant, handling of Alcohol products (here, Ethanol,) for any leakage or
spillage from Pipelines at Receipt area or leakage in any of the Tank Truck at the Tank Lorry
Gantry and at the Pump House, there will be accumulation of Alcohol products. In either of
the cases if it catches fire depending on availability of potential ignition source in the vicinity,
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it will take form of a Spilled Product Fire. But this fire has comparatively less impact on the
surrounding area and there are less chances of damaging the other facilities of the plant.
Using Software Model, damage distances for Spilled product fire scenario at TT Gantry area
and Pump House area are calculated and tabulated as under:
Table 6.19 Damage Distances Due to Spilled Product Fire Scenario for considered Areas
SN Name of
Product
Maximum
Intensity of Heat
Radiation
Calculated
Using Spilled
Fire Model
(KW/m2)
Damage Distance in
meters Calculated For
Exposure Time of 10s
Damage Distance in
meters Calculated For
Exposure Time of 30s
1% Lethality
(21.2 KW/m2)
First
Degree
Burn (8.5
KW/m2)
1%
Lethality
(9.3
KW/m2)
First
Degree
Burn (4.5
KW/m2)
1 Ethanol/
RS/ ENA 33
NR 1.01 0.934 1.74
NR NR NR 1.94
NR NR NR 1.3
NR: Not Reachable (Within the area under fire)
From results of Spilled Product Fire scenario, it is concluded that, the effect of spilled fire
will be for a lesser distance & will not affect the nearby facilities properties or surrounding
area. Chances of any severe lethality will be least in case of spill fire, however there can be
first degree burns to the people if any close to fire area.
Note: NR in above table represents that radiation of that particular heat intensity will be
limited to spilled fire area only.
6.2.16 Pool Fire Scenario
At Harsha Sugar Plant, during handling or storage operation of Alcohol products (Ethanol,
HSD), if there is a major leakage/total rupture from storage unit within the boundary (due to
any reasons), there will be formation of pool within the Dyke wall in case of less volatile or
non-volatile liquid. If the liquid does not overflow firebreak wall, then the pool will be
limited to the respective unit. However, if the liquid overflows the firebreak wall, it may
engulf the complete dyke area. In both of the cases if it catches fire depending on availability
of potential ignition source in the vicinity, it will take form of Pool fire.
There are dyke walls enclosing tanks of Alcohol products. Individual Alcohol product for
each dyke wall is considered for pool fire study and using software model, results have been
obtained for pool fire scenario. In another possible case, there can be pipeline failure due to
some accidental conditions. In this case pipeline volume and pressure, isolation time through
control system and other software requisite were considered to predict damage potential
Damage distances for particular heat radiation intensity are being tabulated as under:
Table 6.20 Results of Pool Fire Scenario for all Dyke walls
SN Dyke No.
Considered For
Pool Fire
Storage
tanks enclosed
in Dyke
wall
Name of
Product
Maximum
Intensity of Heat Radiation
Calculated Using
Spilled Fire Model (kW/m2)
Damage Distance in meters
Calculated For Exposure Time of 10s
Damage Distance in
meters Calculated For Exposure Time of 30s
1% Lethality First Degree Burn 1% Lethality
First Degree
Burn
1 Dyke 1000 KL Ethanol/ 33 8.02 19.5 18.38 33.34
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(each) RS/ENA
2 TT Gantry Due to
pipeline
major leak
Ethanol/
RS/ENA
33 5.6 22.58 20.68 36.54
Damage distances for pool fire scenario of each Alcohol product are well within the depot
boundary area. Heat radiations may cause burn injury to personnel’s and heating of nearby
tank. Strict precautions and safe operations need to be carried out by Harsha Sugar Plant
officials.
From above calculations, it is inferred that damage distance (at radiation level 4.5 KW/m2)
36.54m. This is well within HSL boundary and as per license limit.
6.2.16.1Tank on Fire Scenario
Escaping of roof of storage tank due to internal pressure (due to surrounding heat or any other
reason) or due to roof structure failure may result in tank on fire if product within the tank
catches fire.
Each tank of Oil is examined for this scenario and the results were scrutinized. The effect of
fire on people and property outside and inside the HSL is in the form of thermal radiations. A
criterion was selected for deciding the maximum level of thermal radiation to which the
outside population can be subjected. Thermal radiation levels from fire scenarios of each tank
were worked out at various distances and their effects are evaluated against the set criteria.
For HSL, each product tank is examined for Tank on fire scenario. The results are shown in
following table:
Table 6.21 Damage Distances Due to Tank on Fire Scenario
SN Product
Damage Distance (m) From Tank Surface For
Radiation Intensity KW/m2
37.5 KW.m2 12.5 KW/m
2 4.5 KW/m
2
1 ETHANOL/ RS/
ENA/AA 0 0.3 2.8
Analyzing the damage distances and heat radiation intensities for various Tank on fire
scenarios it can be inferred that there will not be any fatality outside the Harsha Sugar Plant
premises as there will be sufficient time to escape and there is no any habitation or facility.
Only burn injuries may occur inside Harsha Sugar Plant to personnel. Thus, damage in the
plant could be limited to the plant only if any. However, necessary due precautions must be
undertaken by plant Personnel to ensure safety within the depot. Frequency of occurrence of
such accidents has been found extremely low.
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Fig 6.4 Schematic of a Flare/Jet Fire
Fig 6.5 Schematic of a Pool Fire/Spilled Fire
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Radiation Intensity KW/M2 Effect
A >37.5 100% Lethality
B 25-37.5 50% Lethality
C 12.5-25 1% Lethality
D 4.5-12.5 First Degree Burns
Fig 6.6 Symbolic representation of pool fire and radiation effect from source at centre
(pool/spill)
Centre represents burning pool. Radiation effect diminishes with distance from pool.
Radiation at 12 KW/m2 can be considered as safe distance for burn injury.
D
C
B
A
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Wind Direction
6.2.17 Vapour Cloud Explosion Scenario
Continuous Alcohol evaporating vapour moves in wind direction and finds ignition source
results into this scenario. It may also likely to be dispersed into atmosphere and diluted into
it. If continue to drift, it will reach below LEL level sometime and thus there will be no
chance of ignition. It will disperse totally. It is not considered as credible scenario.
6.2.17.1 Risk Associated With Solid Hazardous Material Bagasse and Sulphur
Risk Assessment for Bagasse and Sulphur Storage are also being identified. The process for
manufacturing and refining sugar is a standard process. Areas of concern from hazard and
risk points of view in the plant manufacturing of sugar are
Bagasse Storage
Sulphur Storage
Bagasse generation per day will increase to 2250T/day. Present area reserved for of
storage will be increased proportionately.
Large quantity of bagasse stored poses the serious hazard of fire as it is easily
ignitable and fire spreads rapidly. Serious fire accidents have been reported.
Mitigation Measures.
Point Source
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6.2.17.2 Precautions for fire accident
It should be ensured while routing high tension voltage lines to avoid storage of
bagasse storage below & near high voltage (H.T.) transmission lines.
Avoid route of electric supply cables & AC cable trenches far away from stored
bagasse or bagasse heaps.
Always keep raw & useful material far away from storage of bagasse area.
Installation of Fire Hydrant (self auto-mode fire fighting) system around the area of
bagasse yard.
Posting of proper supervision staff with necessary communication facility.
Hot work, like welding, gas cutting should not be carried out near bagasse storage.
Daily record of bagasse storage data, proper review of conditions taken by higher
authority.
Training of all the involved staff in normal & emergency operating system.
Proper planning & installation of fire hydrant system around the bagasse storage yard
and not depending exclusively on fire tender for fire fighting.
Creating awareness among workers about sudden bagasse fire and emergency action
plan will definitely avoid risks of heavy fire.
In this way, we can save valuable fuel & life of human being working near bagasse handling
and storage.
6.2.18 Design and Installation of Fire fighting: Measures suggested
It is recommended to install fire hydrant piping system around the bagasse storage yard with
fire hydrant points considering it as high hazard category [(6.7) of code IS 13039] and
installing hydrant point every 30 meters and minimum 5.25 Kg/cm sq. pressure should
available at the remotest point. Hydrants should be located 15 meters away from the storage
area boundary. Also, it is recommended to install self auto-mode fire fighting system.
6.2.18.1 Sulphur Storage
120T (1 month stock) of Sulphur will be stored in a closed shed and is transfer manually to
the Sulphur burner in 30-50 Kg bags. Following are the hazards in storage and handling
Sulphur.
Dust Explosion
Fire Dust Explosion
As Sulphur is stored and handled in granular form, there is always some dust formation,
which can lead to dust explosion. A dust explosion occurs when a fine dust in suspension in
air is ignited, resulting in a very rapid burning, and the release of large quantities of gaseous
products. This in turn creates a subsequent pressure rise of explosive force capable of
damaging plant and buildings and injuring people. It is generally considered that a dust
explosion can only be initiated by dust particles less than 500 microns diameter.
6.2.19.2 Conditions for Dust Explosion
Under the following conditions dust explosion can take place in the industry.
The dust must be combustible like Sulphur, Bagasse
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The dust cloud must be of explosive concentration, i.e. between the lower and upper
explosion limits for the dusts.
Sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere is must to support and sustain combustion.
A source of ignition must be present.
The dust must be fine enough to support an explosion.
6.2.19.3 Explosion Prevention:
Dust explosions can be prevented by ensuring that the following conditions are met:
Formation and Suspensions of Sulphur dust in air are avoided.
To prevent dust formation during the storage and handling of Sulphur, it is necessary
to take necessary precautions to avoid spillage and crushing of granular Sulphur
during bulk loading and unloading in the storage area.
Storage shed should be constructed with a minimum number of horizontal surfaces to
avoid dust accumulation.
All sources of ignition are excluded.
Presence of moisture helps in preventing dust explosion
6.2.19.4 Fire in Sulphur storage
There is a risk of fire in Sulphur storage as ignition temperature is low 190 degree C. Solid
and liquid Sulphur will burn to produce Sulphur dioxide gas, which is extremely irritating
and toxic (refer to appendix 2 & MSDS of SO2). The effects of the fire hazard itself are
slight.
6.3 Mitigation Measures
Smoking and the use of matches shall be prohibited in all areas where Sulphur dust is
likely to be present. Prominent NO SMOKING signs shall be placed around such
areas.
Naked flames or lights and the use of gas cutting or welding equipment is prohibited
during the normal operation of the plant. Repairs involving the use of flames, heat, or
hand or power tools in areas where Sulphur may be present shall be made only after
getting hot work permit from the authorities.
Where this is not possible the Sulphur shall be wetted down.
6.3.1 Safety and Fire Fighting ascribes
Always use Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). Sulphur fires produce
hazardous Sulphur dioxide gas. Sulphur dioxide gas is heavier than air and will
accumulate in the vapour spaces of the rail car.
Small Sulphur fires are easily extinguished by adding more Sulphur on top of the
burning Sulphur. This depletes the oxygen and smothers the fire.
For larger Sulphur fires use a light water fog or CO2 to extinguish. Do not use heavy
water streams as this may create Sulphur dust which could potentially explode.
Apart from obvious risk from Hazardous material inventory other areas like power plant
components such as Boiler and turbine are potential hazards. However, the system is
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customized and at times proprietary commodity. It has its own SOP s as well as maintenance
strategy with well define documents as well as skilled manning. Hence all hazards and
associated risks were already being accounted and ascribed for due care and operation. Just
for symbolic representative collation with respect to associated risk being presented as under
6.3.2 Risk Classification Screening Table for Boiler and Turbine
(Risk acceptance criteria are being adopted from standard referred text “Industrial fire
protection“)
Table 6.22 Risk Classification Screening Table for Boiler and Turbine
Boiler Hazards
Sl.
No Hazard
Description
Initiating event
likelihood
Unmitigated
consequences Risk
class
Corrective
action Life
safety
Property
damage
1 Explosion in boiler
due to over pressure
and temperature
1 4 4 C
Maintenance
2 Explosion in boiler
due to improper
combustion of fuel.
1 4 4 C
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
3 Burn injury due to
hot water and hot
steam pipeline
leakage
3 3 3 B
Inspection,
maintenance
4 Exposure to the hot
surface of pipeline
or machineries.
3 1 - A
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
5 Water tube burst
due to Failure in
boiler water level
control
2 - 4 C
Continuous
monitoring,
maintenance
6 Fire in diesel
supply line 3 3 3 B
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
7 Burn injury by hot
fly ash 4 1 - A
Maintenance,
proper exhaust
8 Catches on the
moving part of the
machinery like F.D.
fans or motors
3 2 1 A
Proper fencing
on the moving
part of turbine
9 Burst of the
equipment body
due to over pressure
and over
temperature
3 1 4 A
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
10 Sleep, trip and
from the height 4 4 2 B
Training,
proper
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during routine
work, maintenance
or inspection
supervision,
PPE’s
GENERATOR AND TURBINE HAZARD
1 Explosion in
turbine due to
cooling system
failure
1 4 5 C
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
2 Damage on
generator due to
lack of lubrication
in coupling shaft
2 1 4 A
Regular
inspection,
maintenance
3 Fire on cooling oil
sources
3 3 3 B
Proper storage,
isolation from
the ignition
4 Fire and explosion
on hydrogen tank
2 5 4 D
Proper storage,
isolation from
the ignition
sources
5 High noise level
1 3 - B
Ear plug, ear
muff will be
provided
Table 6.23 Risk Classification with respect to Above Reference
Class General Description Action
A Low risk events Low risk
level
Further risk reduction action required
B Moderate risk events
Required minor risk reduction improvements;
generally addressed by codes, standards,
company or industry practices
C Moderate-High risk events
Generally required further analysis to determine
an optimal risk reduction strategy or reliability
analysis of propose risk controls
D High risk events Risk required immediate risk reduction analysis
Numbers 1,2,3,4 are the ratings of likelihood of occurrences of such events for sake of
assigning risk level and required mitigation as well as prescribing safety gears. However, co-
gen power plants have its own tailor made safety manual as well as risk mapping.
In power plant operation, towards safety, it is integrated logically for safe operation to
isolate/cut off operation if exceeds limit due to reaching out unintended outcome. Some of
them are being mentioned here for gross understanding as under
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6.3.3 Standard Safety Features
Turbine is interlocked with high and low steam inlet pressure
Turbine is interlocked with high and low steam inlet high and low pressure
Turbine is interlocked with high vibration of any bearing of turbine, gear box, and
alternator.
Turbine is interlocked with any bearing high temperature.
High axial displacement of the rotor
Turbine is interlocked with high lube oil temperature
Separate Turbine over speed protection has been provided and interlock has been
incorporated for turbine to trip on high speed.
For reducing noise, all stem out lets have been provided with silencers.
Pressure safety relief valves have been provided on stem drum and stem lines.
In addition to mechanical SRVs electrometric safety relief valve is provided.
Smoke leak detector alarm has been provided with alarm.
Jockey pump with auto start has been provided for fire fighting with low pressure
interlock to automatically start main pump on low pressure.
For boiler following safety and interlocks are built in -
Low drum level interlock,
Furnace high pressure interlock
Boiler feed pump interlock
De aerator level interlock
6.4 Disaster Management Plan
Definition - A major emergency in an activity/project is one which has the potential to cause
serious injury or loss of life. It may cause extensive damage to property and serious
disruption both inside and outside the activity/project. It would normally require the
assistance of emergency services to handle it effectively. This is also a mandatory
requirement pursuant to MSIHC 2000 rule for any MAH unit like this one. This is to be
updated at every major /process change as well as at regular interval.
Scope - An important element of mitigation risk is planning for emergency, i.e. identifying
accident possibility, assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the
emergency procedures, both on site and off site that would need to be implemented in the
event of an emergency.
Objective - The overall objectives of the emergency plan will be: To localize the emergency
and, eliminate it; and to minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.
Elimination will require prompt action by operations and works emergency staff using, for
example, fire–fighting equipment, water sprays etc. Minimizing the effects may include
rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation, head counting and giving information promptly to
people living nearby.
Phases of Disaster-There are various phases of Disaster including Pre and Post Management
of Hazardous Event that may or has occurred.
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Warning Phase- Emergencies /disasters are generally preceded by warnings during which
preventive measures may be initiated. For example, uncontrollable build-up of pressure in
process equipment, weather forecast give warning about formation of vapour cloud,
equipment failure etc.
Period of Impact Phase - This is the phase when emergency /disaster actually strike and
preventive measures may hardly be taken. However, control measures to minimize the effects
may be taken through a well-planned and ready-to-act disaster management plan already
prepared by organization. The duration may be from seconds to days.
Rescue Phase - This is the phase when impact is almost over and efforts are concentrated on
rescue and relief measures. This will be followed by head count and search of missing.
Relief Phase - In this phase, apart from organization and relief measures internally,
depending on severity of the disaster, external help are also to be summoned to provide relief
measures (like evacuations to a safe place and providing medical help, food clothing etc.).
This phase will continue till normalcy is restored.
Rehabilitation Phase - This is the final and longest phase. During which measures required
to put the situation back to normal as far as possible are taken. Checking the systems,
estimating the damages, repair of equipment and putting them again into service are taken up.
Help from revenue/insurance authorities need to be obtained to assess the damage, quantum
of compensation to be paid etc.
6.4.1 Proposed On–Site Emergency Plan
The onsite emergency is an unpleasant situation that causes extensive damage to plant
personnel, surrounding area and its environment due to in operation, maintenance, design and
human error. Onsite plan will be applied in case of proposed expansion. Following points are
to be taken into consideration:
To identify, assess, foresee and work out various kinds of possible hazards, their
places, potential and damaging capacity and area in case of above happenings.
Review, revise, redesign, replace or reconstruct the process, plant, vessels and control
measures if so assessed.
Measures to protect persons and property of processing equipment in case of all kinds
of accidents, emergencies and disasters
To inform people and surroundings about emergency if it is likely to adversely affect
them.
6.4.2 Disaster control Management system
Disaster management system is all about preparedness in the event of all untoward incidences
/accident or any unpredicted harmful events. A management is expected to prepare well
versed prepare plan to enact in emergency and bring normalcy. This is written and approved
plan wherein all plant persons are assigned with certain duties in the event of emergency.
They are expected to be in readiness for all emergencies. Well-rehearsed team composition
will be formed and tested with mock drill. In this preparedness plant owner shall also make
mutual aid arrangement with nearby installations and shall participate actively in all mock
drill, updating of plan and appraising lacunas if any.
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Disaster Management group plays an important role in combating emergency in a systematic
manner. In this management, all personnel from top to bottom are aware of assigned duties
being enumerated in this report.
Table 6.24 List of Key Persons at Factory
Sl No Name Designation Contact Detail
1 Smt. Laxmi R
Hebbalkar
Chairman & Managing Director
2 Shri. Channaraj B
Hattiholi
Executive Director 9449014000
3 Mr. Sadashiv Thorat General Manager 7338662031
4 Mr. V.B. Dhundare Process Manager 9606951183
5 Mr.Vishwanath S Patil Environmental Engineer 9606951171
6 Mr.U C Choukimath Admin 9448341808
Table 6.25 Disaster Control Management System
Sl No Name Designation Contact Detail
1 Mr. S.D. Thorat Onsite chief controller 7338662031
2 Mr. Vishwanath Patil Site incident controller 9945383441
3 Mr. N.S.Mangsule Deputy site in charge controller 9611595107
4 Mr. S.D.Thorat Plant manager 9970900555
5 Mr. V.B.Dhundare HOD(p/I) 9420011103
6 Mr.Ningangouda
Mangsule Section in charge
9606951172
7 Mr. Vishwanath S Patil Maintenance 9606951171
8 Mr. M.A.Bagwan Medical coordinator 9606951177
9 Mr. U C Choukimath GOVT Liaison coordinator 9448341808
10 Mr. Vishwanath S Patil Maintenance 9945383441
11 Mr. U C Choukimath Fire/security 9448341808
12 Mr. Samir Attar Communication 9606951173
13 Mr. N M Patil Emergency coordinator 9449171375
14 Mr. Mahesh Shelar Personnel/Adm coordinator 9900560643
16 Mr. Abhay M Sale Transport coordinator 9822622693
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6.4.3 Onsite Disaster Management - Disaster Control Management System
Fig 6.7 Onsite Disaster Management - Disaster Control Management System (Block
Diagram)
6.4.3.1 Control Room Facility
Following are the facilities to be provided at the control room of Harsha Sugar to tackle the
emergency failure scenarios: Fire Detection System is to be installed in the control room
VHF base station with a range of 25 km and VHF handsets of range 5 km is to be installed
for ready communication in emergency Public address System (PAS) is to be installed to
ease the communication to various corners of the site The duties and responsibilities of
different coordinators of Onsite Disaster Management Plan are to be displayed in the Control
Room.
6.4.3.2 Alarm System
A siren shall be provided under the control of Security office in the plant premises to give
warning. In case of emergencies this will be used on the instructions to shift in charge that is
positioned round the clock. The warning signal for emergency shall be as follows:
Emergency Siren: Waxing and waning sound for 3 minutes. All clear signal: Continuous
siren for one minute.
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6.4.3.3 Communication
Walkies & Talkies shall be located at strategic locations; internal telephone system EPBX
with external P&T telephones would be provided.
6.4.3.4 Fire Protection System
Fire Fighting System- The fire protection system for the unit is to provide for early detection,
alarm, containment and suppression of fires. The fire detection and protection system has
been planned to meet the above objective an all–statutory and insurance requirement of Tariff
Advisory Committee (TAC) of India. The complete fire protection system will comprise of
the following.
6.4.3.5 Fire Fighting Facility: Available in existing unit and will be maintained in future
6.4.3.6 System Description of Fire Fighting System: The entire fire safety installation shall
be compliant with the most stringent codes / standard for the entire complex to ensure the
highest safety standard and uniformity of system. Further, before property is operational, the
fire protection shall be fully operated and tested under simulated conditions to demonstrate
compliance with the most stringent standards, codes and guidelines
A) Fire pumping system
The fire pumping system shall comprise of independent electrical pumps for hydrant and
sprinkler system, diesel engine driven pump & jockey pump for hydrant & sprinkler system.
Electrical pump shall provide adequate flow for catering requirement of hydrant system.
Diesel engine driven fire pumps shall be provided for ensuring operation & performance of
the system in case of total electrical power failure. Jockey pumps shall compensate for
pressure drop and line leakage in the hydrant and sprinkler installation. Provision of PRS/
orifice plate shall be made in sprinkler riser to restrict pressure on sprinkler system.
Individual suction lines shall be drawn from the fire reserve tanks at the basement level and
connected to independent fire suction header. The electric fire pumps, diesel engine driven
fire pumps and the jockey pumps shall all draw from this suction header. Delivery lines from
various pumps shall also be connected to a common header in order to ensure that maximum
standby capacity is available. The sprinkler pump shall be isolated from the main discharge
header by a non-return valve so that the hydrant pump can also act as standby for the
sprinkler system. The ring main shall remain pressurized at all times and Jockey pumps shall
make up minor line losses. Automation required to make the system fully functional shall be
provided.
B) Fire hydrant system
Internal and external standpipe fire hydrant system shall be provided with landing valve,
hose reel, first aid hose reels, complete with instantaneous pattern short gunmetal pipe in the
Complex. The internal diameter of inlet connection shall be at least 80 mm. The outlet shall
be of instant spring lock type gunmetal ferrule coupling of 63 mm dia. for connecting to hose
pipe. Provision of flow switch on riser shall be made for effective zone monitoring. The flow
switch shall be wired to FAP and shall indicate water flow on hydrant of the identified zone.
Recessed cupboard/ fire hydrant cabinet shall be strategically located for fire fighting
requirement. Location of cabinets shall be accessed as per compartmentation plan in
consultation with the Architect. Provision of fire man’s axe shall be made for internal
hydrant. External hydrant shall be located within 2 m to 15 m from the building to be
protected such that they are accessible and may not be damaged by vehicle movement. A
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spacing of about 45-50 m between hydrants for the building shall be adopted. Details of fire
hydrant system are as follows:
Piping - Mild Steel pipes (heavy class) as per IS: 1239 shall be provided throughout the
complex. Pipes buried below ground shall be suitably lagged with 2 layers of 400-micron
polythene sheet over 2 coats of bitumen. External Hydrants:
External hydrants shall be provided all around the Complex. The hydrants shall be
controlled by a cast iron sluice valve or butterfly valve. Hydrants shall have instantaneous
type 63mm diameter outlets. The hydrants shall be double outlet with CI duck foot bend and
flanged riser or required height to bring the hydrant to correct level above ground.
For each external fire hydrant two numbers of 63mm dia. 15 m long controlled percolation
hose pipe with gunmetal male and female instantaneous type couplings machine wound with
GI wire, gunmetal branch pipe with nozzle shall be provided.
Each external hydrant hose cabinet shall be provided with a drain in the bottom plate.
Each hose cabinet shall be conspicuously painted with the letters “FIRE HOSE”.
Internal Hydrants: Internal hydrant shall be provided on each landing and other locations as
required by NBC with double headed gunmetal landing valve with 100 mm diameter inlet,
with shut off valves having cast iron wheels. Landing valve shall have flanged inlet and
instantaneous type outlets.
Instantaneous outlets for fire hydrants shall be standard pattern and suitable for fire hoses.
For each internal fire hydrant station two numbers of 63 mm dia. 15 m long rubberized fabric
lined hose pipes with gunmetal male and female instantaneous type coupling machine would
with GI wire, fire hose reel, gunmetal branch pipe with nozzle shall be provided.
Standard fire hose reels of 20mm diameter high pressure rubber hose 36.5 m long with
gunmetal nozzle, all mounted on a circular hose reel of heavy duty mild steel construction
having cast iron brackets shall be provided. Hose reel shall be connected directly to the wet
riser with an isolating valve. Hose reel shall be mounted vertically.
Each internal hydrant hose cabinet shall be provided with a drain in the bottom plate. The
drain point shall be led away to the nearest general drain.
Each internal hydrant hose cabinet containing items as above shall also be provided with a
nozzle spanner and a Fireman’s Axe. The cabinet shall be recessed in the wall.
Each hose cabinet shall be conspicuously painted with the letters “FIRE HOSE”.
Hose Reel: Hose reel shall be heavy duty, 20 mm diameter, length shall be 36.5 meter long
fitted with gun metal chromium plated nozzle, mild steel pressed reel drum which can swing
up to 170 degree with wall brackets of cast iron finished with red and black enamel complete.
C) Sprinkler system
Elaborate automatic sprinkler system shall be provided. The system shall be suitably zoned
for its optimum functional performance. The sprinkler system shall be provided with control
valves, flow and tamper switches at suitable location and shall be connected to control
module of the fire alarm system for its monitoring and annunciation in case of activation.
Sprinkler type along with its Quartzite bulbs rating shall be selected based on the requirement
of the space and shall be specified accordingly. Inspector’s test valve assembly with sight
glass shall be provided at remote end with discharge piped to drain outlet / pipe.
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D) Fire Extinguishers
Portable fire extinguishers of water (gas pressure), Carbon-di-oxide, foam type, Dry
Chemical Powder and FM-200 or Clean agent type shall be provided as first aid fire
extinguishing appliances. These extinguishers shall be suitably installed in the entire areas as
per IS: 2190. The appliances shall be so installed over the entire sections, that a person is not
required to travel more than 15 m to reach the nearest extinguisher. These shall be placed or
hanged on wall in a group on several suitable places.
E) Fire Pump
The fire pump shall be horizontally mounted, variable speed type. It shall have a capacity to
deliver and developing adequate head so as to ensure a minimum pressure at the highest and
the farthest outlet. The pump shall be capable of giving a discharge of not less than 150 per
cent of the rated discharge, at a head of not less than 65 per cent of the rated head. The shut
off head shall be within 120 per cent of the rated head. The pump casing shall be of cast iron
and parts like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc. shall be of non-corrosive metal like
bronze/brass/gun metal. The shaft shall be of stainless steel. Provision of mechanical seal
shall also be made. Bearings of the pump shall be effectively sealed to prevent loss of
lubricant or entry of dust or water. The pump shall be provided with a plate indicating the
suction lift, delivery head, discharge, speed and number of stages. The pump casing shall be
designed to withstand 1.5 times the working pressure.
F) Foam System
For Fire Fighting Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) based on combinations of fluoro-
chemical surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, and solvents will be used as foam agent. These
agents require a very low energy input to produce a high-quality fire fighting foam. Foam
concentrate will be stored in a bladder tank system. In AFFF systems a bladder tank
containing a nylon reinforced elastomeric bladder is used to store the foam concentrate.
System water pressure is used to squeeze the bladder providing fire fighting foam
concentrate, at the same pressure, to the proportioner. An aqueous film will be formed on the
surface of the alcohol by the foam solution as it drains from the foam blanket. This film is
very fluid and floats on the surface of most alcohol. This gives the AFFF unequalled speed in
fire control and control the spill fire.
First Aid
A first aid centre with adequate facilities shall be provided. It shall be maintained round the
clock by a compounder cum dresser and a doctor. An Ambulance shall also be provided at
site to carry affected people to hospital.
Security
The security requirements of the company premises shall be taken care of by CSO assisted by
a Fire In charge. The team, apart from the normal security functions will manage the role
required during a disaster management operation as a part of the crisis control team.
Safety
The safety wing led by a Safety Manager will meet the requirement of emergencies round the
clock. The required safety appliances shall be distributed at different locations of the plant to
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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meet any eventualities. Poster/placards reflecting safety awareness will be placed at different
locations in the plant area.
Evacuation Procedure
As the major hazard is only due to fire, which has more or less localized impact no mass
evacuation, procedures are required. Evacuation would involve only the people working very
close to the fire area.
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE)
This equipment is used mainly for three reasons; to protect personnel from a hazard while
performing rescue/accident control operations, to do maintenance and repair work under
hazardous conditions, and for escape purposes. The list of Personal Protective Equipment
provided at the facility and their locations shall be available in ECC. Effective command and
control accomplish these functions necessitates personal trained in this on–site Disaster
Management Plan with adequate facilities and equipments and equipment to carry out their
duties and functions. These organizations and the facilities required to support their response
are summarized in the following subsections. Personal protective equipments play a vital role
in overcoming major disastrous situation saving life during onsite emergency. List of
recommended Personal Protective equipment (PPE) is given below in Table.
Table 6.26 Summary of Recommended Personal Protective Equipment According to
hazard onsite
Objective Workplace Hazards Suggested PPE
Eye and face protection Flying particles molten metal,
liquid chemicals, gases or
vapours, light radiation
Safety glasses with side-
shields, protective shades,
etc.
Head protection Falling objects, inadequate
height clearance, and overhead
power cords
Plastic helmets with top and
side impact protection
Hearing protection Noise Ultrasound Hearing
protectors (ear plugs or ear
muffs0
Foot protection Failing or rolling objects, points
objects.
Corrosive or hot liquids
Safety shoes and boots for
protection against moving
and failing objects, liquids
and chemicals
Hand protection Hazardous materials, cuts or
lacerations, vibrations, extreme
temperatures
Gloves made of rubber or
synthetic material
(Neoprene), leather, steel,
insulation materials, etc.
Respiratory protection Dust, fogs, fumes, mists, gases,
smokes, vapour
Facemasks with appropriate
filters for dust removal and
air purification (chemical,
mists, vapours and gases).
Single or multi-gas personal
monitors, if available
Portable or supplied air
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Oxygen deficiency Onsite rescue equipment
Body / leg protection Extreme temperatures,
hazardous materials, biological
agents, cutting and laceration
Insulating clothing, body
suits, aprons etc. of
appropriate materials
Contact with HSD Fuel Oil storage and Fuel
Handling
Canister type gas mask. PVC
or Rubber. Goggles giving
complete protection to eyes.
Eye wash fountain with
safety
Fly Ash Fly ash handling and storage Wear dust-proof goggles and
rubber or PVC gloves. When
using large quantities or
where heavy contamination is
likely, wear: coveralls. At
high dust levels, wear: A
Full-face Class P3
(Particulate) or an Air-line
respirator where an inhalation
risk exists, wear: a Class P1
(Particulate) respirator
Mock Drill
As per the Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, Mock drills of the on-site emergency
plan are conducted every month. A detail report of the mock drill conducted is to be made
immediately available to all the concerned authority Also, Major Fire and Minor Fire mock
drills are conducted once in three months and one month respectively.
Training
On job training to the engineers on various stages of risk analysis and preparedness during
emergency to reflect in the operation of terminal, especially from the safety stand point. The
fire team belonging to the fire fighting department are to be intensively trained for the use of
all equipment and in various fire fighting methods for handling different types of fires
Details of Training facilities for
Safety
Fire Fighting
Occupational Health & safety
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Procedure for Testing & Updating the Plan
Simulated emergency preparedness exercises and mock fire fighting exercises including
mutual aid scheme resources and in conservation with district emergency authority to be
carried out time to time.
Disclosure of Information to Worker & Public
Awareness System in Existence & Anticipated
Safety awareness among workers by conserving various training programs and Seminars,
competition, slogans etc. Practical exercise, Distribution and practices of safety Instructions,
Safety Quiz contests, Display of Safety Posters & Safety Slogans, Developing Safety
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Instructions for every Job and ensuring these instructions/booklets or manuals by the
workers.
In this management, all types of emergencies are forecasted and all likely actions have been
documented as to how to take on emergencies and to enact in situation be it in bagasse
area/power plant/cane crushing/evaporation/distillery /MCB /transmission section /transform
area etc. Procedure for every emergency shall be handled as per written protocol and shall be
documented as per mandate for MSIHC and factory act 1948 pursuance. Further in the event
if the incidence /situation is out of control and beyond installation boundary, in such
instances Offsite emergency plan will be enacted by district authority. Plant head will assist
district authority in all possible help. It is also a written document prepared for district
authority to act. Following plan is prepared as Offsite emergency plan for district authority.
6.4.4 Off-Site Emergency Planning
The off-site emergency plan is an Integral part of any hazard control system. It is based on
those accidents identified by the works management, which could affect people and the
environment outside the works. Thus, the off-site plan follows logically from the analysis that
took place to provide the basis for the on-site plan and the two plans therefore complement
each other. The roles of the various parties that may be involved in the implementation of an
off-site plan are described below. The responsibility for the off-site plan will be likely to rest
either with the works management or with the local authority. Schematic representation of
various organization involved during emergency is shown below
Table 6.27 Local statutory Government bodies
Sl.No.
Name of Government
Agency
Phone Nos
1 District Collector 0831-2407200
2 Sub Divisional Officer (Tahsildar Saundatti) 08330-222223
3 Factory Inspector of the district 0831-2428066
4 KSPCB, Belagavi 0831-2459956
5 PSI L &O - CPI 08337-222303
6 Deputy Superindent of Police 0831-2405206
7 Fire brigade 0831-2429441
8 Director Ind. Safety and Health (DDF-I) 0831-2421292
9 Dy. Chief Controller of Explosive, Mangalore 0824-2420167/244588
10 Hospital (Dr.Navadgi Nursing Home, Saundatti) 08330-222278
Either way, the plan must identify an emergency coordinating officer who would take overall
command of the off-site activities. Consideration of evacuation may include the following
factors:
In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. an oil storage tank), only houses
close to the fire are likely to need evacuation. If fire is escalating very fast it is necessary to
evacuate people nearby as soon as possible. In acute emergency people are advised to stay
indoors and shield themselves from the fire.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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6.4.4.1 Various Organization Involved During Emergency (Block Diagram)
Fig 6.8 Various Organization Involved During Emergency (Block Diagram)
6.4.4.2 Organization
Organizational details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures,
emergency control centres include name and appointments of incident controller, site main
controller, their deputies and other key personnel involved during emergency.
6.4.4.3 Communications
Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network, list of
telephone numbers.
6.4.4.4 Special Emergency Equipment
Details of availability and location of heavy lifting gear, specified fire-fighting equipment,
fireboats etc.
6.4.4.5 Voluntary Organizations
Details of Voluntary organizations, telephone numbers nearby of hospitals, Emergency
helpline, resources etc. are to be available with chief authorities. Medical Aid Local
Authority Environmental Health & Safety Department District Level Emergency Committee
Plant Level Emergency Committee Hazard works Management Fire Department Emergency
Control Centre Chief Coordinators Police/Traffic Department Public Education
EMERGENCY
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6.4.4.6 Non-governmental Organizations (NGO)
NGO’s could provide a valuable source of expertise and information to support emergency
response efforts. Members of NGOs could assist response personnel by performing specified
tasks, as planned during the emergency planning process. Evacuation of personnel from the
affected area Arrangements at rallying posts and parking yards Rehabilitation of evacuated
persons
6.4.4.7Chemical information
Details of the hazardous substances (MSDS information) and a summary of the risks
associated with them are to be made available at respective site.
6.4.4.8 Meteorological information
There are arrangements for obtaining details of weather conditions prevailing at or before the
time of accident and weather forecasts updates.
6.4.4.9 Humanitarian Arrangements
Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding, treatment of injured, first aid, ambulances,
temporary mortuaries.
6.4.4.10 Public Information
Dealing with the media-press office, informing relatives, etc. will be carried out by the team
6.4.4.11 Assessment
Collecting information on the causes of the emergency Reviewing the efficiency and
effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan
6.4.4.12 Role of local authority
Local Authorities like Panchayat, Sabha, Samity, municipalities can help in combating
emergency situation after assessing the impact scenario in rescue phase.
6.4.4.13 Role of police
The police are to assist in controlling of the accident site, organizing evacuation and
removing of any seriously injured people to hospitals. Co-ordination with the transport
authorities, civil defence and home guards, Co-ordination with army, navy, air force and state
fire services, Arrange for post mortem of dead bodies, Establish communication centre with
easy contact with ECC.
6.4.4.14 Role of Fire Brigade
The fire brigade is to be organized to put out fires and provide assistance as required during
emergency.
6.4.4.15 Media
The media is to have ready and continuous access to designated officials with relevant
information, as well as to other sources in order to provide essential and accurate information
to public throughout the emergency and to avoid commotion and confusion. Efforts are made
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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to check the clarity and reliability of information as it becomes available, and before it is
communicated to public. Public health authorities are consulted when issuing statements to
the media concerning health aspects of chemical accidents Members of the media are to
facilitate response efforts by providing means for informing the public with credible
information about accidents involving hazardous substances
6.4.4.16 Role of health care authorities
Hospitals and doctors must be ready to treat all type of injuries to causalities during
emergency. Co-ordinate the activities of Primary Health Centres and Municipal Dispensaries
to ensure required quantities of drugs and equipments. Securing assistance of medical and
paramedical personnel from nearby hospitals/institutions.
6.4.5 Occupational Health Surveillance
In this Integrated Sugar Plant, there will be utilization of chemicals. The usage of this above
chemicals will be in low quantities and exposure of these chemicals to the employees will be
also very low. However all the precautionary measures are being taken while handling these
chemicals. The following are the details of the Occupational Health Surveillance
Occupational Health Surveillance (OHS) is being under taken as regular exercise for
all the employees specifically for those engaged in handling hazardous substances.
All the first aid facilities are provided in the Occupational Health Centre.
The medical records of each employee are being maintained separately.
Occupational health centre for medical examination of employees with all the basic
facilities have been established with in the plant.
The noise levels in critical area are being monitored regularly and the workers at high
noise level generating areas will undergo audiometric tests once in six months.
The potential occupational hazardous work places will be monitored regularly. The
health of employees working in these areas will be monitored once in a year.
Liver function test is also being planned for the workers as a part of surveillance.
The equipment and facilities such as First aid medical units, Safety belts, Ear muffs,
masks against dusts, aprons against chemical spillage, Shock proof gloves and mats,
Leather aprons, Safety items - shoes, gum shoes, hand gloves, helmets, goggles,
Safety ladder, Face masks & gas masks (against SO2 gas), Leather gloves, Breathing
apparatus, Stretchers and oxygen cylinder, Flame proof battery and lighting,
Emergency lighting facilities are kept at administrative building/stores building and
are under the control of emergency coordinator
All workers engaged in material handling system will be regularly examined for lung
diseases such as PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) tests; Scheme for occupational
health monitoring will be prepared in detail [BIS code of practices IS: 11451-1986
(Reaffirmed 2005) (Recommendations for safety health requirements relating to
occupational exposure to asbestos)]
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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Table 6.28 Health Evaluation schedule
Occupation Type of evaluation Frequency
Pre-placement
Cane Crushing Area Chest X-ray, spirometry
and vision testing
Every 5 years to age <30;
Every 4 years to age 31-40; and
every 2 years to age 41-50
Sugar Process Area &
Cogeneration Area
Chest X-ray, spirometry
and vision testing
Every 5 years to age <30;
Every 4 years to age 31-
40; and every 2 years to age 41-50
Noise prone areas Audiometry Annually
Main Control Room Far & Near Vision; Colour
Vision; and Hearing tests
Every 5 years to age <30;
Every 4 years to age 31-
40; And every 2 years to age 41-50
Ash Handling Area&
Bagasse Handling Area
Chest X-ray, spirometry,
Vision; and Hearing tests
Every 5 years to age <30;
Every 4 years to age 31-
40; And every 2 years to age 41-50
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6.4.6 Summary of Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems
Table 6.29 Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems
AREA EFFECT HAZARD MITIGATION MEASURES.
Cane yard Serious nature of
injuries. Due to bad maintenance of
vehicles.
Personnel sleeping/taking rest
near the vehicles.
Driving by unauthorized persons.
Maintain vehicles properly.
Personnel will not allow sleep/rest near vehicles.
Only allow drivers having valid licenses.
Safety officer will monitor continuously.
Cane
unloading bay.
Serious nature of
injuries Snapping of slings & wire ropes
Over loading of cranes.
Dragging of loads
Unauthorized personnel
operating the cranes.
Maintaining and testing regularly & in good
condition.
Following S.O.P. strictly.
Authorised agencies will verify the weighing tools
regularly.
Mill house. Serious nature of
injuries. Cleaning while the machines
running.
Broken plat-forms
Slippery surface.
Dust
Follow S.O.P. strictly.
Good house-keeping.
Use of P.P.E. (safety wears)
Work permit procedure before attending height
oriented jobs.
Clarifier &
evaporators.
Fire & explosion.
Hot atmosphere. Steam leakages.
Faulty gauges.
Defective valves and vents
Maintain equipment properly. Provide good
ventilation like roof extractors, air circulators.
Regular inspection of shell thickness, Hydro trials
before in operation.
Regular hydro testing of boiling vessel calendria
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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tubes and valves
Provision of safety valves and vents.
Crystallizer Injuries Slippery floor and damaged
floor
Good house- keeping & working properly.
Proper testing and alignment of drives and
internal ribbon/ coils
Regular inspection of shell thickness, Hydro
trials before in operation.
Centrifugal Injuries. Non-functioning or removal of
inter-lock guards.
Breakage of basket and internals
Maintain the equipment properly.
Regular balancing of baskets, testing of rubber
buffers and brake pads, bearing housing
assembly, etc.,
Regular inspection of thickness, internal cracks
by DP test/ ultrasonic test
Drying grading
and bagging
Creation of fine
sugar dust Dusty atmosphere Installation of dust collecting points and proper
setting of C/F machine plough operation system
and Hot and Cold air blowers.
Provide P.P.E.
Boiler house Explosion Safety valves not working etc.
Failure of auxiliary and
choking of flue gas path, etc.,
Breakage of boiler vessels
and valves
Proper maintenance of boilers, safety valves,
gauges etc.
Hydro testing of above and ultra sonic testing of
above.
Keeping quality of boiler feed water and fuel
Engaging trained certified boiler operating staff.
Inspection of boiler pressure vessels/
components by authorised govt agencies before
in operation
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Turbo
generators
Explosion Improper alignment
Failure of valves and
unbalancing of prime mover
rotary assembly
Failure of AVR/ Governer
controller, etc.,
Proper service and alignment of internal
components.
High axial displacement rotar.
Fully automated with interlocks, alarms
Smoke detector alarm
Storage tanks Spillages/ leakages
of chemicals.
Breakage of
vessels.
Corrosion, Wear and tear.
Reducing of shell thickness
Improper provision of drain
valves and internal steam coils
Provision of unsafe ladders,
railings, walkways and structural
design
Proper maintenance of storages and keeping
the equipment in good condition and to be
regularly inspected and tested.
Compliance with standard operating
procedures for material loading and unloading
and working properly
Dyke walls to be provided.
Electrical
installation like
transformer,
switch- yard,
M.C.C. room.
etc.
Fire or
electrocution.
Suffocation of
persons inside.
Over loading.
Loose contact.
Short circuit.
Improper earthing, insulation
Providing enclosures
Installation as per electricity rules.
Other controls will be provided.
Lying of insulation mat at MCC rooms.
Adopting TEFC motors
Application of Fire extinguishers and multi-
core cables.
Fireproof paints and primers to be applied.
Bagasse yard Fire Sparks from exhaust of the
vehicles.
Smoking.
External fires.
Provide spark arresters.
Smoking to be prohibited.
Follow work permit system
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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Factory area Fire Electrical Short circuit
Internal combustion of molasses
tanks
Improper insulation of electrical
cables, loose contacts, flashing
of electric control panels
Prohibiting smoking.
Providing fire hydrant system etc.
By laying and maintaining electrical all
equipments properly.
Strictly following work permit systems as per
requirement.
Lightening arrestor will be provided.
Maintaining equipment properly
Sulphur
storage /
sulphur burner
station
Fire and explosion Dust/ vapours can cause fires
and explosion.
Escape of sulphur vapours.
Store in a cool ventilated area separately.
Providing fire hydrant system etc.
Proper maintenance of gas generation furnace
and gas lines.
Usage of Non corrosive material, safety
valves, drains, etc.,
Feeding of sulphur in closed system. Arrest
leakages.
Sugar bag
conveying and
godown
Injuries Electric short circuiting, non
provision of safety guards, fire
hydrants
Non provision of walk ways,
railings, overhead bag conveying
system
Follow standard procedures
Providing of TEFC motors and enclosures,
fire hydrants nearby bag conveying system as
well as inside the sugar godown.
Proper stacking of sugar bags up to the
desired permissible stack height i.e., 32 ft.
Do not stack sugar bags adhered to godown
walls. Keep 1 mt distance and below 3 mts
height from above roof.
Godown floor height should be 300 mm
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above the FFL/ GL to avoid rainwater entry.
Distillation
section
Static Electricity
generation Electric short circuiting, non
provision of safety guards, fire
hydrants
Distillation units will be fitted with flame
proof electrical fittings
Distillation units will be earthed.
Proper training of employees and installation
of fire extinguishers
ENA/ RS
storage
Spillage/ leak Contamination of the area, prone
to fire
Will be stored in the MS vertical tanks with
secondary containment
Spill kits will be placed
Sugar bag
conveying and
godown
Injuries Electric short circuiting, non
provision of safety guards, fire
hydrants
Non provision of walk ways,
railings, overhead bag conveying
system
Follow standard procedures
Providing of TEFC motors and enclosures,
fire hydrants nearby bag conveying system as
well as inside the sugar godown.
Proper stacking of sugar bags up to the
desired permissible stack height i.e., 32 ft.
Do not stack sugar bags adhered to godown
walls. Keep 1 mt distance and below 3 mts
height from above roof.
Godown floor height should be 300 mm
above the FFL/ GL to avoid rainwater entry.
Distillation
section
Static Electricity
generation Electric short circuiting, non
provision of safety guards, fire
hydrants
Distillation units will be fitted with flame
proof electrical fittings
Distillation units will be earthed.
Proper training of employees and installation
of fire extinguishers
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and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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ENA/ RS
storage
Spillage/ leak Contamination of the area,
prone to fire
Will be stored in the MS vertical tanks with
secondary containment
Spill kits will be placed
Fig 6.9 Structure of Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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6.5 Environmental Public Hearing
Environmental public hearing was conducted at project site on 18-07-2018 under the
chairmanship of Shri.S. Ziyaullah IAS, Deputy Commissioner, Belagavi. The proceedings of
the same is as follows:
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
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Attendance list is attached as Annexure-7
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6.5.1 Compliance to the points raised in the Public hearing
SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
1
Sri Suresh Sampagao,
Hittanagi village Tq:
Saundatti Dist: Belagavi.
He expressed that, they are
financially backward peoples and
growing the sugar cane from the past
4-5 years. He said that although they
are getting good income they are
facing the problem of transporting the
sugar cane grown to the factory.
Further, he added that, even though
Sri Someshwara sugar factory is
nearer to the village their demand for
sugar cane is low and the sugar unit
at Munavalli is located far away from
the village and they prefer the
formers from the adjacent villages.
He has also expressed that, from the
establishment of the M/s Harsha
Sugars the problem of transportation
of sugar cane will be solved and also
the supply of power to the nearby
villages from the proposed
cogeneration unit of M/s Harsha
sugars may be anticipated. He has
requested the factory authorities to
maintain the greenbelt around the
industry.
Present Situation faced by the
cane growers was explained
and Positive Response.
Project authorities agreed to
maintain greenbelt around the
premises.
2
Shri.Iranagowda
Pakiragowda Patil,
Suthagatti village,
Saundatti- Tq, Belagavi -
Dist
He expressed that earlier he has faced
the problem of transportation of sugar
cane from his farm to the sugar
industry and now as the M/s. Harsha
Sugars being established at a distance
of 10 Kms from his village he
expressed his gratitude to the factory
authorities. Further, he has informed
that, even if surrounding farmers
grows the crops like jowar, cotton
and vegetables they wouldn't get the
reasonable price for their crops and
sugarcane is the only crop which can
yield better price for the farmers here.
He has informed that, since the
project is proposed at a distance of 10
Km away from the village there will
not be any impact on the environment
and even though if any impact on
environment arises the factory
Authority should control the impact.
Positive Response
Project proponent assured to
take mitigation measures like
installation of ESP for the
chimney against the air
pollution.
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
3 Sri Shivarudrappa
Hattiholi, Govanakoppa
Village
He expressed that Someshwara
sugars unit, Malaprabha sugar unit
and Renuka Sugars are located far
away from the Soundatti village and
the said sugar units not responded to
the problems of the farmers hence,
the M/s. Harsha Sugars is the ray of
hope for the surrounding farmers. He
has also informed that, there is a
benefit from the establishment of the
co-generation and distillery units to
the farmers and he has expressed his
faith towards the factory authorities
pertaining to the fixation price for the
sugarcane grown by the farmers.
Further, he has informed that there
will not be any pollution from the
proposed industry as the villages are
located away from the factory and
there are several acts and rules for the
environment protection. Since there
is a sufficient land for providing the
green belt we think the industry is
safe for the farmers he added. He has
also appealed the Deputy
Commissioner, Belagavi that the
consideration of the establishment of
the proposed unit will be beneficial to
both the factory authorities and the
farmers.
Positive Response.
Project authorities agreed to
maintain the green belt
around the unit and assured to
maintain the pollution control
units.
4
Sri.Vijay Jumanal,
Bailhongal
He has requested the Deputy
Commissioner, Belagavi to disclose
the proceedings of the public hearing
as per the EIA Notification, 2006.
In reply, Sri Vijayakumar
Kadakbhavi, Senior
Environmental Officer,
Dharwad said that, the
happenings of the public
hearing are being video and
audio recorded and after the
completion of the public
hearing the proceedings will
be sent to MoEF, New Delhi
for further necessary action.
5.
Sri. Basavaraja Shegavi,
Suthagatti Village
He Expressed that he lives in
Suthagatti village which is located
within 10 Kms radius from the
proposed industry and he has been
convinced from the technical
presentation of the proposed project
Positive Response towards
the establishment of the
industry.
About connecting road to the
agricultural fields, the
Government has to take
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
and also from the details furnished by
the concerned Officers during the
public hearing. He has expressed his
gratefulness towards the Managing
Director and the management of the
M/s. Harsha Sugars industry for
establishing the sugar industry which
will improve the economic status and
the living standard of the farmers. In
addition he has also said that, most of
the nearby villages are submerged
areas and deprived of infrastructure
and we grow sugarcane but we don't
have the connecting roads to the
agricultural fields. He has also
requested the Deputy Commissioner,
Belagavi to send the concerned
Officers to rectify the issues of
farmers and further he has added that,
if the issues are solved the financial
status of the farmers will be definitely
stabilized.
necessary action.
6 Sri Prashanth Chennappa
Nigura, Asundi Village
He has requested the management of
the M/s. Harsha Sugars to consider
the unemployed youths of the nearby
villages for the employment as the
farmers of the surrounding villages
have handed over their agricultural
land for the establishment of the
industry. Further, he has also
requested to give the solution to the
disease being caused by the gonne
hulu (white grub pest) to sugar cane
crop by consulting the concerned
scientists.
The proponent ensured to
provide employment
opportunities for youths
based on their qualification of
the nearby villages.
The scientists working in
seed nursery and
demonstration plots owned by
project authorities will find
the solution to the problem
and accordingly proper pest
control measures will be
guided to the farmers.
7 Sri Sughanda Reddy,
Hyderabad
Initially he has congratulated the
management of the M/s. Harsha
Sugars for engaging the efficient and
experienced consultancy for
preparing EIA. He has said that he
was the first Environmentalist in
India to support the industrial
development and he has wished the
M/s. Harsha Sugars and said he is
whole heartedly supporting the
project because in India
approximately 40 crores of youth
Positive Response.
As per the item No. 3 of the
EIA Notification, 2006 dated:
14th
September the public
hearing is only for the public
resided at 10-15 Km radius
from the proposed site and
there is no provision for the
people from other area to
opine about the project.
However, Project authorities
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
between the age group of 18-35 are
waiting for the employment
opportunities and there is a urgent
need of industrial development in
Karnataka State. He has further said
that, there is also a necessity to
protect the ecological balance and
hence, suggested the following points
to maintain the ecological balance:
He has said that, the consultancy has
studied the baseline data pertaining to
the air, water and soil which is good
and satisfactory but, my humble
request if there is any possibility
please collect the health status of the
people, data of crop production status
and ground water availability status
within 10 Km radius. It is very useful
in future and it can be utilized to take
precautionary measures to maintain
ecological balance.
He has given the suggestion to take-
up the work to construct the water
storage tank to collect the
overflowing water in rainy season
and requested to construct the water
harvesting structures and said it will
be useful for the industry as well as to
develop the ground water table.
He has requested to take-up the
plantation in villages and also to take-
up avenue plantation in internal roads
in which the movement of vehicles of
the industries to control the dust.
Further, he has requested to plant the
fruit bearing/medicinal plants instead
of normal plants. He has requested
the industry authority to give the top
priority to the local educated
unemployed youth in the industry and
suggested to promote the skill
development training to unemployed
youth to get better chances in
industry and remaining youths to get
jobs at other places. He has also
requested to form a co-ordination
committee with a industry
assured to maintain the
pollution control units and
maintain about the greenbelt
development within the
project site.
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
representative; PCB Official and
villagers to take a plan of action to
use CSR fund which will be very
meaningful to take-up demand
oriented works its very essential and
these activities bring great credibility
to the industry. Finally he has
requested the public hearing panel to
recommend the MoEF to give
unconditional permission to Harsha
sugars limited to take-up the
proposed project.
8 Sri Anjaneya Nagenahalli,
Samagra Sahavarthane
Samudaya, Athani.
Initially He has expressed his
gratitude to the Managing Director of
the M/s.Harsha Sugars and also
extended his thanks to Deputy
Commissioner, Belagavi and the
Officials of the KSPCB. He has also
requested to support the
establishment of the proposed project
of expansion as the upcoming project
is beneficial for the farmers of the
surrounding villages.
Positive Response
9 Sri Shivananda Majjage,
Soundatti
He has expressed that, due to the
expansion of the industry the
unemployment will be solved and
thousands of people will get the
employment and surrounding farmers
will get the water for the irrigation
hence the upcoming project is
beneficial for the farmers.
Positive Response. Project
authorities agreed to employ
people from local area based
on their qualification.
The treated water will be used
for on land irrigation to the
nearby 200-300 acres of
agricultural land during
monsoon days since the
treated water is fit for
irrigation.
10 Sri Chandrashekhara
Kademani, Turukara
shigehalli, Bailhongal
Taluk
He expressed that there will not be
any pollution as there are no villages
nearby to the industry and since the
National Highway is nearer to the
industry transportation of
sugarcane/sugar is easier. He has
expressed his gratitude to the
Managing Director of the M/s.Harsha
Sugars for taking up the project and
he has also wished that the proposed
industry is going to be model industry
for the farmers.
Positive Response
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
11 Sri Balachandra Jagnnatha
Mukashi, Karkatti Village
He expressed that establishment of
the sugar industry near the National
Highway is beneficial and last time
the farmers have faced the loss due to
(lost 100 tons of sugarcane per year)
due to the delay in harvesting of the
sugarcane as the sugar industries
were situated far away from the
industry. Since, the industry is
located nearer to the National
Highway the farmers of villages;
Karikatti; Asundi; Hittanagi and
Soundatti will be benefitted. He has
also said that there will not be any
pollution from the proposed
expansion activity as the villages are
located away from the industry.
Positive Response.
Pollution control measures
will be taken by the industry
side like Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD) facility in
the distillery and Effluent
Treatment Plant (ETP) to
treat effluent from sugar unit.
Further, by providing the
Electrostatic Precipitator
(ESP) instead of dust
collector/wet scrubber to
control the air pollution will
control the dust emission
from the chimney.
12 Sri Yallappa Mallappa
Hakari, Hirebllikatti
Village
He has expressed that, the areas of
nearby villages are submerged areas
and they have undergone both the
sweet and bitter experiences. He has
informed to the Deputy
Commissioner, that they have sold
the sugarcane for Rs.500 per ton to
Rajaram industries, Kolhapur which
was a bitter experience. But now,
from the establishment of the
M/s.Harsha Sugars industry farmers
will feel joyfulness and he has also
requested the Chairperson of the M/s.
Harsha Sugars to give jobs to the
local people. Further, he has added
that, Sankeshwara Sugars is in the
Sankeshwara town with no pollution
and hence, there will not be any
pollution from the M/s. Harsha
Sugars as the industry is located far
away from the surrounding villages.
He has requested the Deputy
Commissioner, Belagavi to provide
all the cooperation to the proposed
industry and h expressed his thanks to
everyone gathered in the public
hearing.
Positive Response.
The proponent ensured to
provide employment
opportunities for youths of
the nearby villages based on
their qualification.
Pollution control measures
will be taken by the industry
side like Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD) facility in
the distillery and Effluent
Treatment Plant (ETP) to
treat effluent from sugar unit.
Further, by providing the
Electrostatic Precipitator
(ESP) instead of dust
collector/wet scrubber to
control the air pollution will
control the dust emission
from the chimney.
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
13. Sri Mallappa Channappa
Kalabhavi, Koravinakoppa,
Bailhongal Taluk
He has expressed his wishes to
Deputy Commissioner and other
Officers assembled in the public
hearing and he said that the major
crops being grown by the farmers in
Bailhongal taluk are sugarcane and
cotton. Earlier, due to less number of
sugar industries nearby the farmers
hesitated to grow sugarcane but now
the number of sugar industries are
more and establishment of
M/s.Harsha Sugars brought happiness
in the farmers he added. He has also
informed that, as the Malaprabha
river is near to the industry the
farmers will grow the sugar as major
crop and sell the sugarcane to the
industry and he is delighted by the
establishment of the sugar industry.
Positive Response
14 Sri.Ningappa Veerappa
Karikatti, Belawadi village,
Baihogal Taluk
He has informed that, the M/s.Harsha
Sugars would have established earlier
in the area nearer to Soundatti,
Asundi, Karikatti and Udikeri and it
is good that it has been established
now. He has informed that stalk borer
pest is vanishing the sugarcane crop
grown by the farmers and hence, the
farmers who get the good yield one
year will suffer from the poor yield in
the next year due to the pest attack.
Further, he has requested the
management of M/s.Harsha Sugars to
solve the issue through the eminent
Scientists. In addition he has also
requested to provide the water for
irrigation to the nearby farmers
through the pipeline from
Malaprabha River as the water from
Mahadayi River is get delayed due to
some political reasons. He wished
that the farmers should be benefited
from the project.
Positive Response.
The scientists working in
seed nursery and
demonstration plots owned by
project authorities will find
the solution to the problem
and accordingly proper pest
control measures will be
guided to the farmers.
Other issue is not related to
the proposed expansion
activity of the project
15 Sri H
Madhubahu,
Environmentalist,
Hyderabad
He has said that regard to the public
hearing he has already sent the letter
to PCB, Belagavi-1 and the M/s.
Harsha Sugars and requested to
consider the suggestions mentioned
Positive Response.
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SI.No Description Points Raised during public
Hearing
Compliance/Remarks
in the letter and he has also submitted
the written letter to the Deputy
Commissioner, Belagavi.
Total 3 representations have been received in favour of the establishment of the industry. The
same has been annexed as Annexure-8
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PROJECT BENEFITS
The project will not only improve the socio-economic status of the people but will also
increase the state government earning in the way of excise duty. By increase in the crushing
capacity, the cane growers have to travel less distance and can utilise the expansion facility.
Following are some of the other benefits of the proposed project.
7.1 Employment opportunity
The company’s management will recruit semi skilled & unskilled workers from the nearby
villages, thereby improving in the social status of the villagers. It creates employment
opportunities to 100-110 No's directly &200 No's indirectly.
7.2 Infrastructural development
Further, the management will support the local administration and provide other form of
assistance for the development of public amenities viz., water distribution, building of school
rooms, health centres, Education programme, Health camps, Agricultural programmes &
sponsorships to meritorious students.
7.3 Greenbelt
Green belt will be developed within the plant premises covering a total area of about 17 acres
(33 % of total area) and also in the buffer zone. This will not only help to create healthy
environment in the area but also acts as pollution sink. Further avi-fauna population of the
area will increase.
7.4 Socio economics
With the implementation of the total project, the socio-economic status of the local people
will improve and infrastructure facilities like roads, communication systems, drinking water,
etc. will also develop. The land rates in the area will escalate due to the project. This will help
in upliftment of the social status of the people in the area. Educational institutions will also
come-up and will lead to improvement of educational status of the people in the area.
Medical facilities will certainly develop due to the project.
7
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process used to integrate environmental
management with planning for proposals. EIA is an established process for:
Ensuring that proponents assume primary responsibility for protection of any
environmental values that may be affected by their proposals;
Addressing the environmental management of the life of proposals;
Forming a basis for statutory decisions on whether a proposal meets ecologically
sustainable development principles, and if so, relevant environmental management
and monitoring conditions;
This Environmental Management Plan has indicated the details as to how various measures
have been or were proposed to be taken. The baseline settings of different relevant
environmental components in the study area were predicted potential impacts on those
components due to the proposed project were documented. In this plan, mitigation measures
for the identified environmental impacts are documented for both construction and
operational stages of the proposed project in the form of an Environmental Management Plan
(EMP).Environmental management plan during construction and operation phase are
suggested below:
Responsibility of Implementation: Harsha Sugars Ltd., through Environmental
management Cell headed by the MD
Time frame: Construction Phase EMP- To be followed during and throughout
construction phase (12 months).
Operation Phase EMP- To be followed all the time during operation of the plant
(Industry life cycle).
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Table 8.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during Construction Phase
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
1. Land
Site clearing /
Levelling and
approach road
formation
Impact on soil nutrients
and soil biota, Dust
generation
The excavated top soil generating the proposed
construction site will be removed in advance and
reused for greenery development.
During the process of excavation if stones and
gravels are encountered, the same will be used in
construction work or can be used construction of
gully plugs, retaining walls etc.
Slope stabilization and Soil embankments will be
carried out as part of soil conservation measures
Water sprinkling through sprinklers/tankers will be
undertaken All road drainage structures (ditches, out
sloping, culverts, water bars, dips, etc.) will be in
place as soon as possible during the construction of
the road.
Soil binding and fast growing vegetation grass would
be grown in the project site.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
2. Air
Site
clearing/levelling
activities, excavation
activities,
transportation of
construction,
Dislodging of particles
from the ground resulting
dust generation, exhaust
emission from vehicles
Unpaved roads and disturbed areas in the project
construction site will be watered as frequently as
necessary to prevent fugitive dust. The frequency of
watering can be reduced or eliminated during periods
of precipitation. (Thrice daily/ depending on the
weather)
Environmental
Management
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
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Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
movement of trucks,
construction
activities on land
materials, roads
formation, unloading,
operation of
construction
machinery, welding
activities
The vehicle speed limit will be restricted to 15 kmph
within the construction site.
The construction site entrances shall be posted with
visible speed limit signs.
Soil storage piles and disturbed areas that remain
inactive for longer than 10 days will be covered or
treated with appropriate dust suppressant
compounds.
Vehicles used to transport solid bulk material on
public roadways and having the potential to cause
visible emissions will be provided with a cover, or
the materials will be sufficiently wetted and loaded
onto the trucks in a manner to provide at least one
foot of freeboard.
All vehicles and construction equipment with
internal combustion engines in use will be
maintained in good conditions through six monthly
O&M for effective combustion to reduce carbon
particles and CO emission.
Water sprinkling will be done in all the dust
generating activities like site clearing, levelling,
excavation, material handling etc to suppress the
dust.
Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like
sand and fine aggregates will be covered by tarpaulin
sheets to reduce spills on roads and to reduce
fugitive emissions.
Cell Management
Plan
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Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
3. Noise
Site clearing/
Levelling activities,
excavation activities,
Ready Mix Concrete
preparation,
Transportation of
construction
materials,
Construction
activities on Land,
Roads formation.
Increase in Noise Levels
Provision of insulating caps and enclosures at the
exit of noise source on the machinery.
Construction equipment generating minimum noise
and vibration will be chosen.
Internal speed limit for vehicles carrying
construction materials will be maintained with 15 -
20 kmph.
Trained security men will be deployed for guiding
smooth entry/exit without traffic congestion which
will help in reducing honking conditions.
Ear plugs will be provided to the workers exposed to
high noise prone activities and it will be enforced to
be used by the workers.
D.G.Sets with acoustic enclosures complying to
Environment (Protection) Rules will be provided and
it will be ensured prior with supplier before
finalizing and installation.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
4. Surface and Ground Water
Labour camps,
construction
activities,
construction site
works
Disposal of sewage
resulting soil
contamination/ground
water contamination,
stagnation of water leading
to mosquito breeding sites
Construction equipment requiring minimum water
for cooling and operation for optimum effectiveness
will be chosen
High pressure hose will be used for cleaning and
dust suppression purposes.
Water harvesting measures would be taken.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
351
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
and affecting on health,
storm water run-off
resulting flooding
Appropriate sanitation facilities, septic tank and soak
pits will be provided for the workers onsite to reduce
impact on water resources. Regular maintenance will
be done.
No discharge of construction wastes to surface water
bodies or ground water will be allowed during
construction.
Efforts will be made for reuse of water and its
conservation.
Management
Plan
5. Solid & Hazardous Waste
Labour Camps,
excavation,
construction
activities, operation
of DG Set(s) &
Painting works reject
during external &
internal finishing's,
biomedical waste
from first aid unit,
open burning of solid
wastes
Leachate formation,
decomposition of organic
solid wastes, odour
nuisance, breeding of
rats/flies/mosquitoes/birds
fly, dislodging of earth
particles causing dust
generation of debris,
ground water
contamination,
irritation to skin/eyes,
spread of
infection/diseases
The hazardous materials used during the construction
may include petrol, diesel, Welding gas and paints.
These materials will be stored and handled according
to the KSPCB guidelines.
Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate
enclosures;
Wherever possible, hazardous raw materials to be
substituted by non- hazardous materials, e.g.
cleaning solvent can be replaced with film –free
biodegradable cleaners. Usage of non chlorinated
strippers instead of strippers containing methylene
chloride and substitution of water based paint for oil
based ones;
Separate storage of waste paints, thinners,
contaminated rags and brushes will be adopted.
Vehicle maintenance area to be designed to prevent
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
352
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
contamination of ground water by accidental spillage
of oil
6. Ecology and Biodiversity
Clearing of ground
cover
Loss of vegetative cover
such as herbs and shrubs,
impact on emissions
Greenbelt (17 Acres, 33% of total plot area) will be
developed at project site.
Buffer area plantation will be undertaken
Conservation of Schedule-I & RET species will be
undertaken
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
7. Socio-economics
Site clearing /
levelling activities,
excavation activities,
Transportation of
construction
materials,
construction,
activities on land,
Labour Camps,
Disposal of Sewage,
Noise pollution, impact on
social receptors, Risk of
accidents during transit,
traffic congestion, noise
and dust emanating from
the vehicles
Dust emissions from
various activities, Influx of
people
Disposal of Sewage/Solid
Local people from nearby villages will be employed
for construction work to the maximum extent
possible.
Proper facilities for domestic water supply and
sanitation services will be made available to the
construction workers at the site.
Annual health check-up camps for labours will be
planned.
Well trained safety personnel’s will be employed for
monitoring and implementation of Environmental,
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
353
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Disposal of Solid
wastes, Construction
activities and labour
camps
wastes, Odour nuisance
and creation of water
borne diseases, Disposal of
Sewage, unhealthy
aesthetics, Degradation of
Solid waste, attraction of
flies, Stagnation of Water,
Mosquito breeding sites
Health and Safety aspects at project site as per
Factories Act and Labour Act.
Security personnel will be employed.
Regular sprinkling of water will be undertaken at site
to evade fly of dust on surrounding plants/trees to
avoid wilting of trees.
Adequate planting of trees will be undertaken by the
PA which will improve the local biota.
Table 8.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during operation phase
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
1. Land
Disposal of
wastewater
Soil contamination &
Groundwater
contamination
Wastewater generated from the project will be treated in
the 1000 KLD ETP.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
2. Air
Gaseous and fugitive
emissions Boiler of 140 TPH (Existing) and 22 TPH (proposed
incinerator boiler) will be connected with ESP and to
Environmental
Management
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
354
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Boilers, Process,
storage,
transportation of raw
materials and
finished products,
DG sets
the chimney of 85 mt and 70 mt respectively.
15 mt above the nearest working platform with
acoustic enclosures provided for DG Set (325 KVA
(existing) and will be provided to 2 X 1250 KVA
(proposed)) and HSD (High Speed Diesel) with
sulphur content of <0.05% will be used for D.G.Sets.
Monitoring of stack emissions will be carried out
monthly to ascertain the performance of the air
pollution control equipments including installation of
continuous online emission monitoring system.
Ladder, porthole, power supply points will be
provided to the incineration boiler for monitoring of
emissions.
Water spraying will be adopted at loading, unloading
points and storage yards which will reduce fugitive
emissions.
All the internal roads will be asphalted to reduce the
fugitive dust due to vehicular movement.
Greenbelt will be developed (33% of the project
area).
A good housekeeping and proper maintenance will be
practiced in the industry, which helps in controlling
pollution.
Regular maintenance air pollution control
equipments.
Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery’s in
order to control emissions.
Cell estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
355
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Bagasse storage Designing of stockpiles to reduce exposure to
prevailing winds;
Minimising the distance that bagasse falls during
movement;
Fully enclosing the bagasse handling conveyors,
particularly transfer points;
Installing belt cleaning systems so that bagasse is not
carried back on the underside of conveyor belts;
Implementing bagasse dust management plan that
prescribes mitigation measures for unfavourable
weather conditions;
Installing water spray system to reduce dust
emissions around and from, the site;
Cane handling Water spraying for dedusting. Plantation around source.
Transportation Water sprinklers will be provided to reduce dust.
Vehicular traffic Exhaust Emissions
The conditions of the internal roads will be checked
& maintained at least once in a year.
Trained securities will be deployed to guide the
vehicles for smooth entry/exit without causing any
traffic congestion.
Greenery development will create aesthetic
environment and also acts as a pollution sink for dust
emissions.
3. Surface and Ground Water
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
356
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Process Effluent,
Sewage, Storm water
run off
Ground water & soil
pollution, flooding The process wastewater/effluent will be treated in
1000 KLD ETP (UASB Technology). Sewage will
be treated in septic tank and soak pit.
Condensate polishing unit of 600 KLD will be
implemented to treat the spentlees, cooling tower and
boiler blow down.
Achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) at distillery
unit by adopting evaporation, concentration and
incineration.
Storm water drains will be provided to avoid flooding
in the proposed site. Storm water gutters/drains will
be constructed in the premises on either side of the
haul roads (0.8 m X 0.6 m) and along the periphery
of 1.0 m X 0.6 m.
Garland channels will be provided around the storage
yards.
As per estimation, rain water harvesting potential of
about 5, 00,000 lts/annum will be reused for greenery
development/sprinkling applications and non potable
uses thereby conservation fresh water requirement.
Rainwater harvesting sump of capacity 500 KL (12m
X 12m X 3.5m) is proposed for implementation
10 recharge shafts will be provided for the purpose of
ground water recharge which will be constructed
along the way of internal drains.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
4. Geology and Hydrology
Extraction of water Depletion of water table Since, there is no proposal for water extraction from Environmental Please refer
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
357
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
the Borewell for the project, no impact anticipated.
Implementation of recharge structures will improve
the ground water table in and around the project site.
Management
Cell
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
5. Noise
Manufacturing
process, cogeneration
unit, transportation
of raw materials and
finished products,
D.G Set operation,
Vehicular traffic,
Increase in noise levels
Personnel working near noisy areas will be provided
with adequate personal protective equipment such as
earplugs and earmuffs, use of which will be strictly
enforced.
Sophisticated and low noise generating equipments
will be selected.
Proper mounting of equipments and providing noise
insulating enclosures or paddling where practicable.
The equipments will be maintained at all times to
ensure permissible noise levels.
Appropriate advanced silencers, acoustic barriers;
vibration-reducing pads will be provided for all noise
generating equipments.
The sources of continuous noise generating
equipment such as compressors, pumps etc will be
designed to have noise level not exceeding 85-90 dB
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
358
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
(A).
It would be ensured that there would not be any
operator near the noise generating equipments on
continuous basis.
Boundary walls and dense greenery will be erected to
act as acoustic barriers.
Adequate and appropriate type of greenery will be
developed in and around the proposed project site for
noise mitigation in the area.
Proper maintenance of machineries especially oiling
and greasing of bearing and gears etc.
33 % land area around the factory is covered with
greenery. It includes greenery of 6 to 10 m width
around storage yards.
Trees will be planted on either side of the roads
within the industry premises and within the vicinity
around the factory.
6. Solid and Hazardous Waste
Domestic garbage,
solid waste from
sugar industry,
cogeneration unit
Improper handling will
affect the land/soil and
water environment
Bagasse generated from the sugar plant will be sent
to cogeneration unit to use it as fuel for boiler for
power generation
Boiler-Bottom ash, boiler flyash will be sent to ash
brick manufacturers
Pressmud, ETP sludge, yeast sludge will me mixed in
required proportion and reused as manure and also
handed over to member farmers.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
359
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Lime grit will be used as filling material / used in
construction purpose.
Used oil from DG sets, spent turbine oil, waste oil
residue from ETP will be used as lubricant within the
industry.
Domestic organic solid waste will be composted,
while the inorganic solid waste will be handed over
to nearby Gram Panchayat.
Plan
7. Ecology and biodiversity
Green belt
development
Improvement of local
flora and fauna
With the development of green belt inside the project,
will increase the movement of birds, butterflies, etc
positively. Watch & ward arrangements with proper
watering during summer.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Plan
8. Socio-economics
Quality of Life,
Sharing of local
resources
Employment generation,
Improvement in quality of
life, development of
infrastructure facilities,
increase in housing
accommodation.
There is a great possibility of industrialization in the
vicinity of the proposed sugar complex. This is likely
to bring drastic changes by transforming this
backward area into an industrially developed one.
The project has very strong positive impact, which is
likely to result in the improvement of economic
situation of nearby villages.
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Management
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
360
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
Overall peoples’ perception on the project is a mix of
advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, they
expect job opportunities, market expansion etc. as
advantages and on the other hand they are worried
about the damage to agriculture.
As an impact identification of the project, small-scale
industrial economy is likely to flourish in the
surrounding area. The small-scale industrial units are
expected to get financial supports from the financial
institutions and banks. In this way, an overall
development may take place in this area.
The process of development will have maximum
impact on the lifestyle of the local people. The
project and the consequent peripheral industrial
economy will generate income to the local and
migrated people which will increase the aggregate
demand. This demand will get realized in the market
and finally, lead to the market in the locality of the
project. Market expansion supported by expected
infrastructural developments like roads, electricity,
water supply etc. will result in improving the
economic development in the entire region.
Plan
Occupational Safety
and Health
All precautionary methods will be adopted by the
company to reduce the risk of exposure of employees
to occupational safety and health hazards.
Pre & post medical check-ups will be done of all the
employees. Employees will be regularly examined
and the medical records will be maintained for each
Environmental
Management
Cell
Please refer
Table 8.7 Cost
estimates for
implementation
of
Environmental
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
361
Activity Anticipated Impacts Environmental Management Plan Responsibility Budgetary
allocation
employee. Pulmonary function test and periodical
medical check-up shall be done once in every year.
The following tests will be conducted for each
worker as Occupational health surveillance
programme: Lung Function Test, Radiology – X-ray,
Pulmonary Function Test, and Audiometric Test.
For the safety of workers, personnel protective
appliances like hand gloves, goggles, aprons, ear
mufflers, nose mask etc. will be provided.
Proper ventilation system will be provided in the
process area.
Management
Plan
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
362
8.1.1 Environmental Management Cell
Fig 8.1 Environmental Management Cell
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
363
Table 8.3 Waste Minimization and Management Disposal Considered in the Complex
Sl.No Station Pollutant Preventive Measures
Waste Management Proposals
Considered
Nature Type
1 Cane yard Solid Cane trash & dung Collect as early as possible Municipality
2 Bagasse storage
yard Solid Bagasse Collect at the end of crushing Use as fuel for co-generation unit
3 Milling section
Liquid Oil& grease Collect in trays which can be easily
lifted & stored in drum Re use as lubricants within industry
Liquid Floor washings Dry cleaning will be adopted, proper
slope floors will be given To ETP
Liquid Leakages &
spillovers
Use mechanical seals for all pump
glands & alarms for overflow To ETP
Liquid Cooling waters Collect desuper heater & mill
bearing cooling water Recycle
4 Cane carrier Solid Bagasse Closed transfer system will be
adopted
Cover the drains so that bagasse do
not enter into the drains
5 Sulphur burner Gaseous SO2 Operation scrubbers Provide mask to operators
6 Lime station Semi -solid Lime solution Proper slope to the drains will be
provided To ETP
7 Clarification on
and vacuum filters Liquid
Leakages from
pumps, glands &
pipes overflow
Overflow alarms & mechanical seals
will be installed/provided Recycle the cooling waters
8 Boiler house Liquid
Gaseous
Boiler blow down
Stack emissions
Maintain boiler condition & also
feed water quality
Adjust air fuel ratio for efficient
combustion. Air pollution control
equipments performance will be
checked
Reuse for irrigation after
neutralization
Fly ash will be used as soil
conditioner /composting
9 Crystallizer &pan Liquid Leakages from Mechanical seals wherever it is Recycle the cooling waters
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
364
Sl.No Station Pollutant Preventive Measures
Waste Management Proposals
Considered
Nature Type
boiling pumps
Spillovers
appropriate will be provided
All cooling waters will be recycled
overloading & the equipment
avoided
To ETP
10
Cleanings of
vessels, boilers
etc., & laboratory
washings
Liquid
High BOD & COD,
chemicals as NaOH
Sulphamic Acid,
lead
NaOH for next cleaning will be
recycled
Standby units to have continuous
operations will be provided
The effluent in a holding tank to
avoid shock loads on ETP
Controlled loading in ETP from a
storage tank
Segregate laboratory
Effluents and join to storage tank
11 Press mud Solid Soil conditioner Immediate disposal Use as a filler material in
“composting”
12 Molasses Semi solid By - product Storage in MS steel tanks To distillery
To avoid auto combustion
13 Fugitive emission Gaseous Sugar Dust SO2 ESP Land filters
14 Vibrating & heavy
machinery Noise Sound
Silencer pads & closed rooms to be
used /provided
Earplugs & earmuffs to workers
will be provided and also change
the work environment frequently
on shift basis
15 Bagasse Solid Dust & Fire
Proper ventilation for storage and
also stand posts in case of fire will be
provided
Store of far away from the industry
Source: Central Pollution Control Board
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 365
8.1.1.1 Additional recommendations for sugar industry
Install steam turbine-based combined heat and power technology, enabling the facility
to generate its own process steam and electricity requirements and sell excess
electricity.
Ensure that the bagasse moisture level is below 50% before it is used as boiler fuel to
improve its calorific value and overall efficiency for steam generation and avoid the
need for supplemental fuels.
Keep heating surfaces clean by adding chemicals to prevent incrustations.
Incrustations are generated by minerals salts that are not removed during clarification
and may be prevented or reduced by adding special polymers to the thin juice.
Ensure even energy consumption by management of batch processes (e.g. centrifuges,
vacuum pans) to schedule energy demand and equalize steam demand on the boilers
Reuse vapour from vacuum pans for heating juice or water.
Use an evaporator with at least five effects.
Select the operating conditions of the boiler and steam turbine system to match the
heat-power ratio of the utility system to that of the facility.
8.1.1.2 Conservation Plan for Schedule-I species& RET species
Labourers should be monitored for posing threat to wild animals or birds.
Stringent instructions to be given to labourers and contractors to ensure that they do
not harvest any trees or pose threat to birds and wild animals in the study area.
M/s HSL and their contractors are bound by the provisions of Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972 towards conservation of wild animals and birds.
During construction, it should be ensured that noise levels do not cross 75 db (A). If
the project construction activities involve usage of heavy machineries, soldering,
cutting, etc should be restricted during night time, early mornings and during evenings
which are the feeding time of wild animals and birds.
As part of CSR activities, awareness of environment education and importance of
wildlife conservation should be given to school children in the study area with the
help of NGOs.
KFD shall develop Species Recovery Plan with an objective of bringing down the
Schedule -I species to II and III down the line with habitat improvement. In this
regard, M/s HSL shall provide financial support to KFD for this purpose.
If any poaching of Schedule-I/RET species noticed by the M/s HSL Officers, it should
be immediately reported to KFD for further action.
Every year, M/s HSL provide financial assistance to at least 2 schools for undergoing
site visit to Zoos, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuaries, etc.
Under CSR activities, M/s HSL distribute 1000 fruit bearing tree plant species every
year to farmers within the study area for improvement of wildlife habitat.
8.1.2 Guidelines for plantation
All along the periphery of the distillery, Green belt will be developed (17 acres-33%) to
minimize the impact of air and noise pollution. Layout plan showing the proposed area for
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd 366
green belt is enclosed as Annexure-3. Species selected for belt are native with high Air
Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). The planting techniques and monitoring plan is given
below;
The pit size for planting trees will be maintained at 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm.
Top soil removed from the project area shall be used for filling the pit will be mixed
with well decomposed farm yard manure in the range of 2.0– 3.0 kg.
The filling of soil will be completed at least 7 days prior to the plantation.
Seedlings with good condition shall be identified and opted for plantation.
The distance between the trees shall be maintained at 2 m and underneath shrubs and
herbs can be grown.
The plantation needs to be monitored regularly by watering, weeding, application of
manure and impart proper protection.
Dead species will be replaced immediately.
About 10000 saplings will be planted in the buffer area (in 5 years) with the assistance of
NGOs, Agriculture and Horticulture Departments so as to reduce GHG’s. The tree species
recommended for GB plan will also make use for buffer zone plantation. Details of green belt
development plan, time frame and species identified for green belt development is given
below.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
Saundatti Village, Belagavi District, Karnataka State
M/s. Harsha Sugars Ltd M/s. EHS Consultants Pvt Ltd
367
Table 8.4 Details of Green belt development plan
Proposed area for
green belt
Procurement of
seedlings
Responsibility &
Monitoring Agency
No. of seedlings for
plantation
Cost in Rs.
16.93 Acres
(say 17 Acres)
(33%)
Karnataka Forest
Dept., Nursery,
Belagavi
M/s Harsha Sugars Ltd 600 / acre x 16.93 acres
(say 17 Acres) = 10,158
A. Project site a) Rs. 150/- per tree x 10,158 = Rs.15,23,700/-
b) Watch & ward for 3 years (Lump sum) =
Rs. 17,82,000/-
c) Maintenance of Green belt per year (fourth
year onwards) = Rs. 6,48,000/-
B. Buffer area a) Rs.100/- per tree x 10000= Rs. 10,00,000/-
Table 8.5 Time frame for Green belt development
Year/s No. of rows Area Direction No. of saplings
A. Project site
2018-19 3 All along the periphery SW and NW 3000
2019-20 3 All along the periphery NE and SE 3000
2020-21 2 Internal Roads -- 2500
2021-22 1 Internal Roads -- 829
2022-23 1 Internal Roads -- 829
B. Buffer area
5 years --
Bunds of agriculture lands,
periphery of water bodies,
nala/stream side
Study area 10000
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Table 8.6 List of tree species recommended for Greenbelt Development
Sl. No Botanical Names Common name Family Uses Height (m) Crown shape Nos. APT Index*
1. Ficus glomerata Atti, cluster tree Moraceae Fruiting 20 Round 200 9.72×
2. Mangifera indica Mavu Anacardiaceae Fruiting 12 Round 300 9.85 ×
3. Peltophorum pterocarpum Copperpod Fabaceae Flowering 15 Round 554 9.05 ×
4. Pongamia pinnata Honge Leguminosae Flowering 10 Round 554 9.92 ×
5. Samanea saman Rain Tree Fabaceae Flowering 15 Round 250 9.86 ×
6. Syzygium cumini Nerale Myrtacecae Fruiting 15 Round 650 11.26 ×
7. Tamarindus indica Hunse, Tamarind Fabaceae Fruiting 18 Round 200 9.54 ×
8. Azhadirachta indica Neem Fabaceae Fruiting 12 Round 700 8.84 ×
9. Muntingia calabura Gasagase Muntingaceae Fruiting 5 Round 700 7.12 ×
10. Madhuca indica Hippe Sapotaceae Fruiting 8 Round 700 8.57 ×
11. Annona squamosa Seethaphala Annonaceae Fruiting 7 Round 750 8.86 ×
12. Gliricidia sepium Gobbarada gida Fabaceae Manure 7 Oblong 1250 9.36 ×
13. Michaelia champaca Sampige Magnoliaceae Flowering 13 Round 500 16.16+
14. Millingtonia hortensis Akasha Mallige Bignoniaceae Flowering 20 Conical 400 13.0+
15. Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Fabaceae Shade 20 Round 400 18.2+
16. Pithecolobium dulce Sihihunase Fabaceae Fruiting 12 Round 800 7.5µ
17. Manilkara zapota Sapota Sapotaceae Fruiting 12 Round 500 8.54β
18. Simarouba glauca Paradise tree Simaroubaceae Fruiting 13 Round 750 -- *Source - x- CPCB, 2016, + Begum, 2010, µ & β -Krishnaveni, 2014 & 16
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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8.2 Cost of Estimates for implementation of EMP
8.2.1 Environmental management cost already incurred
Rs. 100 lakhs on air pollution control equipments
Rs. 40 lakhs for the construction of chimney and necessary structures
Rs. 60 lakhs on water pollution control measures
8.2.2 Environmental management cost for the expansion
The total cost of the project is Rs. 307.32 Crores for the establishment of 7500 TCD sugar, 30
MW/Hr cogen and 60 KLPD distillery and 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler. The cost of
implementing the above mitigation measures as estimated in Table below, works out to Rs.
9.39Crores. The operational cost of the same is estimated at Rs 87.73 Lakhs/- per year.
Table 8.7 Cost estimates for implementation of Environmental Management Plan
Sl. No Item Cost in Crores Rs.
Capital Cost
1 Installation of Air pollution control equipment 1.2
2 Installation of Water treatment plant 0.40
3 ETP 2.40
4 Installation of Polishing unit for the treatment of spentlees
and condensate water
2.0
5 Spent wash treatment including concentration and
incineration
1.5
6 Continuous online monitoring (effluent and emission) 0.60
7 Rainwater Harvesting/ recharging 0.15
8 D.G, Air pollution control measures 0.10
9 Traffic management 0.10
10 Solid/ hazardous waste management 0.30
11 Health and Medical facilities for construction workers 0.05
12 Greenbelt Development 0.25
13 Watch and Ward including maintenance for first 3 years 0.17
14 Environmental monitoring services 0.02
15 Miscellaneous cost on allied EMP measures during
construction phase including contingencies
0.15
Total 9.39 Recurring Cost/year Cost in Lakhs Rs
1 O & M of Air pollution control equipments and control of
fugitive emission
8.00
2 O & M of Water treatment activities 4.00
3 O & M of ETP activities and CPU 15.00
4 O & M of Incineration boiler activities 5.00
5 O & M of Continuous online monitoring 12.00
6 Maintenance of recharge shafts/ pits/ sump 0.60
7 Maintenance of Greenery 6.48
8 D.G Set Maintenance 3.00
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9 Solid/ hazardous waste management 6.00
10 Environmental monitoring 6.20
11 Health and Medical facilities for workforce 4.00
12 O&M of traffic management measures 0.50
13 Environment education & awareness to 20 schools in the
study area (2 schools per year) 0.30
14 Financial assistance to schools (2 schools per year) for
visiting Zoos, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuaries 0.50
15 Financial assistance to KFD for habitat improvement of
Schedule-I species 1.00
16 Distribution of 1000 tree saplings / year 0.15
17 Miscellaneous cost on allied EMP measures during
Operational phase including contingencies 15.00
Total 87.73
8.3 Conservation of Air, Water and Energy recovery
100 % utilization of bagasse for power generation.
100 % utilization of ETP treated wastewater for greenbelt development / on land for
irrigation.
100 % utilization of harvested rainwater after first flush for domestic usage other than
drinking.
ETP sludge, Boiler ash, Pressmud, yeast sludge will be completely reused as manure
Spent wash treatment through concentration and incineration to achieve zero
discharge and in turn to produce minimum power.
100 % utilisation of treated condensate and spentlees thereby reducing the usage of
freshwater (50 %).
LEDs will be used at all the areas for illumination.
Garden lighting based on solar energy.
Water heating application in canteen areas will be based on solar.
Construction debris will be reused in internal drain works.
Use of BEE star rated appliances at all administrative areas of the industry and
officers colony.
Table 8.8 Compliance to the CREP guidelines- Sugar industry
Sl no CREP guidelines Compliance
1. Waste Water Management
Operation of ETP shall be started at least one
month before starting of cane crushing to
achieve desired MLSS so as to meet the
prescribed standards from day one of the
operation of mill
ETP of 1000 KLD capacity is proposed and it
will be made sure that it will be started at
least one month before starting of cane
crushing to achieve required MLSS.
Reduce wastewater generation to 100 litres per
ton of cane crushed by April 2004
Will be adhered accordingly.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
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To achieve zero discharge in inland surface
water bodies by December 2004
No discharge of treated wastewater outside
the premises. Treated wastewater will be re-
used for on land for Irrigation/ greenbelt
development. There is no proposal for
discharge of treated effluent into inland
surface water bodies.
To provide 15 days storage capacity for treated
effluent to take care of no demand for irrigation
by April 2004
Storage capacity of 15000 cum will be
provided.
2. Emission Control
To install ESP/bag filter /high efficiency
scrubber to comply with standards for
particulate matter emission to < 150 mg/Nm3 by
April 2004
ESPs, will be provided
Table 8.9 Compliance to the CREP guidelines - Distillery
Existing Molasses – Based Distilleries
will furnish bank guarantee and Action Plan to concerned
State Board to ensure compliance with any combination
of the following measures;
1 Compost making with press mud/agricultural residue/
Municipal Waste:
II Concentration and drying/ Incineration:
II treatment of spent wash through biomethanation
followed by two stage secondary treatment and dilution
of the treated effluent with process water for irrigation as
per norms prescribed by CPCB/MoEF.
IV Treatment of spent wash through bio- machination
following by secondary treatment (BOD < 2500 mg/I) for
controlled discharge into sea through a proper submerged
marine outfall at a point permitted by SPCB/CPCB in
consultation with National Institute of Oceanography
(NIO), so that Dissolved Oxygen in the mixing zone does
not deplete, less than 4.0 mg/I.
V. For taking decision on feasibility of one time
controlled land application of treated effluent, a study
will be under taken within three months.
The road map for utilization of spent wash by the
distilleries to achieve zero discharge of spent wash in
inland surface water courses will be as below:-
50% utilization of spent wash - By March, 2004
75% utilization of spent wash - By March, 2005
100% utilization of spent wash - By December, 2005
-NA-
New Molasses based distillery.
Spent wash treatment will be
based on concentration followed
by incineration method.
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The 100% utilization of spent wash is achieved,
controlled and restricted discharge of treated effluent
form lined lagoons during rainy season will be allowed
by SPCB/CPCB in such a way that the perceptible
colouring of river water bodies does not occur.
1. Monitoring Task Force consisting of CPCB, SPCB,
Experts and industry shall be constituted for monitoring
the implementation of action points.
2. New Distilleries & Expansion of Existing Distilleries
( Molasses based)
Proposal for Standalone new distilleries and expansion of
existing distilleries will out achieving zero discharge in
surface water/ ground water will not be considered
MoEF/ SPCB. * to be decided by SPCB/ CPCB/ MoEF
Zero discharge will be achieved
by the implementation of
incineration boiler for the
treatment of spent wash
Table 8.10 Compliance to MoEF&CC notification, 14-01-2016
CONDITIONS COMPLIANCE
The effluent from sugar industry should be
pH 5.5-8.5
Total suspended solids 100 (for disposal on to land)
BOD 100 (for disposal on to land)
BOD3 30 (for disposal in surface waters)
Oil and grease 10
Total dissolved solids 2100
Final wastewater discharge
limit
200 litre per ton of cane crushed (final
treated effluent discharge restricted to 100 lts
per ton of cane crushed and wastewater from
spray pond overflow or cooling tower blow
down to be restricted to 100 litres per ton of
cane crushed and only single outlet point
from the unit is allowed)
Agreed to maintain
the same.
Emission The particulate matter emissions from the stack shall be less than 150 milligrams
per normal cubic metre
Will be complied
through installation
of ESP.
(ii) Waste water conservation and pollution control management
1. Establishment of cooling arrangement and polishing tank for recycling the excess
condensate water to process or utilities or allied units.
Cooling towers
established
2. Effluent Treatment Plant to be stabilized one month prior to the start of the
crushing season and continue to operate one month after the crushing season.
Will be complied
3. During no demand period for irrigation, the treated effluent to be stored in a
seepage proof lined pond having 15 days holding capacity only.
Will be complied
4. Flow meter to be installed in all water abstraction points and usage of fresh water
to be minimized.
Will be complied
5. Suitable Air pollution control devices to be installed to meet the particulate matter
emission standard.
ESP will be
installed
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION M/s Harsha Sugars Limited have proposed expansion of sugarcane crushing capacity from
4,500TCD to 7,500TCD, cogeneration power plant from 14MW/Hr to 30MW/Hr and
planning to establishment of distillery of 60 KLPD and also installation of incineration boiler
to generate 3MW/Hr Power. This project development will give rise to social and economic
development measures in the study area.
Any type of development activity has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the
environment in which it operates.
The impacts are identified and evaluated by the project proponents to reduce their
negative impacts and maximize the positive effects on the surrounding environment.
Full fledged Environmental Management Cell exclusively for the proposed project
will be constituted with qualified Engineers to oversee the environment health and
safety aspects of the industry.
The project is considered as eco-friendly in view of the proposal involving utilization
of various waste resources in scientific way and which helps in creating a platform of
sustainable development. The project will be farmer friendly as it helps in
improvement in the livelihood and socio economic status of the area
This industry does not have significant adverse effect on environment. The industry
proposes to adopt an effective environment management system and environment
management plan to protect the environment. Due priority is given for greenery
development and rainwater harvesting in the factory premises.
Implementation of the project will have beneficial impact in terms of providing direct
and indirect employment opportunities. There will be a positive socio-economic
development in the region. Quality of life of the people will be improved.
Recommendations made in the CREP for Sugar Plant will be implemented. HSL will
also undertake various community welfare measures for the upliftment of the villages
of the study area.
Overall, the proposed project will have positive impact on the Environment if, the
recommended Environmental Management & monitoring aspects, measures are fully
implemented in high spirit by the project proponents.
9
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DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
WITH RESPECT THE PROJECT
10.1 Introduction
Environmental Health and Safety Consultants Pvt Ltd (EHSCPL) established in 2001 is a
prominent provider of environmental consulting services to wide range of clients
(Government / Semi Government / Private /Individual). Our comprehensive range of
diversified services includes obtaining environmental clearance from SEIAA/MoEF, CRZ
Clearance from MoEF, preparation of EIA/EMP and approval/authorizations from KSPCB
and from other regulatory agencies.
10.2 Quality Policy
EHSCPL team will strive to continue to be one of the leading Environmental Consultants by
providing environmental consultancy services in the area of EIA/EMP reports for the
accredited sectors and by deriving customer satisfaction through on-time completion of
projects at competitive pricing and continually improving our Quality Management System at
all levels of the organization through documented training, regular communication and
strengthening during annual employee performance reviews.
10.3 Services Offered
Comprising of qualified and experienced environmental professionals and providing
environmental consultancy services/technical solutions to various government and private
sectors in the field of construction, infrastructure development, engineering, industries like
sponge iron, steel melting, rolling mill, cement, pharmaceuticals, textile, sugar, power
projects, distilleries, food products, milk dairies, chemical, automobiles etc., mining, thermal
and river valley sectors. Also, our environmental laboratory services includes analysis of
Ambient Air Quality, Stack Emissions, Indoor Air Quality, Water Quality, Wastewater
Quality, Noise Level, Soil Quality, Solid & Hazardous Waste, and Research & Development
in the field of Environmental Pollution.
10.4 Completed Projects
Industrial Projects – 38 (Sugar, Sugar with cogen, Distillery, Thermal, Sponge Iron,
Steel and cement)
River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects – 17 (Reservoir and Lift Irrigations Schemes)
Mini hydel Schemes – 18
Karnataka Housing Board Townships and Residential Layouts –51
Private Residential Apartments, layouts, townships and commercial complexes – 175
10
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Onsite Emergency plans/consent renewals – 65
10.5 Accreditations for Environmental Consultancy Services
ISO 9001:2015 certified organization and accredited by QCI – NABET, Govt. of India for the
following sectors;
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and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSIBILITY
11.1 Environmental Management Cell
The industry not only carryout business but also understands the obligations towards the
Environment. The industry believes in sustainable development and equally concern about
environment preservation and pollution control. It will establish a well organized
Environmental Management Cell (EMC) which will performs all the environmental
management activities. It will have its own Environment, Health & Safety Policy approved
by its Managing Director. The EHS Policy will prescribe to comply with statutory norm with
regards to the Environment, Health & Safety, to prevent pollution by adopting cleaner
production. The environmental Committee meets monthly to review the status of various
aspects of pollution control measures for implementation in the plant.
The industry plans to obtain & maintain ISO14001 certification.
Suggestion scheme will be launched and various suggestions given by the workers
and employees will be implemented in order to improve safety and protect
environment.
The industry will resolve to become zero waste integrated agro business sugar
complex and in its commitment to ensure zero discharge. Measures will be
implemented to recycle and reuse waste water to avoid effluent discharge onto the
surrounding environment.
Involvement of workmen in Safety Management through the Safety Committee which
will be empowered to review accidents and initiate corrective and preventive action.
Ensuring high standards of housekeeping in the factory premises, resulting in a Safe
Shop floor
All personnel will be trained on First Aid and basics of Safety Management.
Table 11.1 Composition of Environment Management Cell (EMC)
Managing Director Overview and implementation of Environmental
management plan
Sugar plant In-charge Monitoring and implementation related to Health, Safety
and Environment (HSE) aspects of the sugar plant
Cogen plant In-charge Monitoring and implementation related to Health, Safety
and Environment (HSE) aspects of the cogen plant
11
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Distillery In charge
Monitoring and implementation related to Health, Safety
and Environment (HSE) aspects of the distillery
Health and Safety Manager Reporting the Managing Director, Safety Committee and
the Board, on matters regarding HSE performance, HSE
Management System performance and the HSE risk
position in the Industry
Environmental Engineer Providing technical advice on implementation of HSE
management plan.
Environmental Chemist Collecting and analyzing the samples and developing
remediation’s programs.
Safety Officer • To develop and implement occupational health and
safety policy, program and procedure and relevant
timely CAPA
• To increase health and safety awareness at all levels
within the organizations
11.2 Corporate Environmental Responsibility
The CSR addresses issues in the development areas of: Environmental sanitation, Education,
Health and Livelihood in 14 Project influence villages falling within the radius of 10 Km.
The various activities will be organized on the basis of a participatory and need based
approach, aiming holistic and sustainable development, coordinated with the support of a
visionary Non-Government Organization (NGO) like Gramalaya trust who have long term
experience in organizing such activities across the country.
11.2.1 CSR- Policy and approach
By placing initial emphasis on community awareness programmes using Participatory
methods, a foundation will be laid for further development that can be sustained. Community
empowerment, in the form of Self-help Groups of Women ensures that the community
understands, manages, and leads its own development. An Expert NGO to implement and
manage the programme over a period of 5 years will be selected for the purpose and the work
of the NGO in facilitating such activities successfully.
A detailed ‘Action Plan’ will be prepared, on the basis of a participatory survey in the
villages to identify the present situation, felt needs of the community and ensure participation
of the villagers in the implementation of such CSR activities. The project will extent for a
period of 5 years and will have a wide range of CSR initiatives ranging from – participatory
surveys in the villages, formation of women self- help groups, thrift-credit operations, linkage
banking and revolving fund supplementation, supports for the construction of toilets,
provision of drinking water , skill development training for men and women to facilitate
income generation activities, Need based health camps, supports to schools for toilet
construction, other infrastructure facilitation and health & hygiene awareness training for
children, school Health camps etc. More emphasis to Tribal villages to cross cut their
backwardness will be there in the agenda. Existing Government programmes will be
integrated and supplemented to facilitate ‘holistic development’.
Expansion of Sugar Complex from 4500 TCD to 7500 TCD, 14 MW/Hr to 30 MW/Hr
and Establishment of 60 KLPD distillery & 3 MW/Hr from incineration boiler at Final EIA Report
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Every year Social audit will be conducted by an external agency to assess the impact of the
project to improve upon further. Such a CSR plan will ensure the social commitment of the
company to the society in which it is working which in turn is considered essential for the
mutual benefit and combined sustained development. This Village Development Partnership
Programme’ will try to develop all these 14 villages in to model villages through a
participatory partnership and will pool all the available resources, besides the CSR funds.
11.2.2 CSR- Budget estimates
As per the CSR norms 2.5 % of the project estimates (Rs. 307.32 Crores) will be earmarked
for the CSR activities extended for a period of 5 years and the budget estimates are worked
out below:
Table 11.2 CSR- Budget estimates
Project period
Fund allocation
(Crores)
Coverage of villages
Year -1 1.54 There are 14 villages and hence the annual
share per village will be 11 Lakhs only. But
all available resources will be pooled to
implement the project, with NGO support
and through community participation.
Since this is a participatory need based
project, more emphasis will be given to the
most backward and needy villages, cross
cutting the limits of funds, if necessary.
Year-2 1.54
Year-3 1.54
Year-4 1.54
Year -5 1.54
Total 7.7 Crores
Pooling of resources will be an additional channel to expand the horizon for a holistic
development in this area and the same will be done through integrated efforts. 5 year plan for
the CSR activities with budgetary allocation for each activity is mentioned herewith.
Table 11.3 Budgetary allocation for the proposed CSR activities
Program
/ Activity Proposed – Details
Budgetary Allocation (in lakhs) for
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Health Sector Free Medical check-up camps
will be held at the
neighbouring cane villages
4 5 4 4 6
Holding of health awareness
camp – drinking water,
sanitation, malaria and dengue
control in all the villages of
cane area.
8 4 8 8 6
Providing safe drinking water
treatment/ RO plant to
villages/ schools 7 9 7 7 5
Education Infrastructural support to the
deserving local industrial
training institutes and
12 14 15 14 10
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polytechnic institutions.
Providing teaching aids and
books to primary and high
schools falling under cane
area.
8 6 10 10 8
Merit Awards, Cash Prize at
the rate of Rs.10,000/- and
Rs.15,000/- to highest marks
scoring student at 10th
and 12th
standard respectively of cane
notified area
15 15 8 8 15
Development
of Rural
Infrastructure
Construction of Primary/High
school rooms in the villages
of companies' cane notified
area.
14 14 13 14 16
Financial help to the
panchayat in companies cane
notified area
13 14 15 14 13
Development of Rural Roads 18 18 20 20 20
Construction of toilets 16 16 16 16 16
Social welfare Financial help to the
deserving vocational training
centres for woman folk run by
NGOs in the cane notified
area of the factory.
25 25 25 25 25
Infrastructural support to the
NGO’s which are successful
in organizing Self-help groups
(micro-finance) in the cane
notified area of factory.
10 10 10 10 10
Aids and appliances to the
differently- able persons in the
cane notified area
4 4 3 4 4
Total 154 154 154 154 154
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