ms. buffalino 9apmshistorybuff.com/9 pre-ap/final keys/2019/kara.pdfgita, mahabharnta, ramayana...

Ms. Buffalino

9AP The content you are being tested on is coming from: this packet, class

notes, quizzes, exams, assigned readings, homeworks and class projects. TBD Exam Format: 55 M.C., 3 SAQs, and an LEQ essay.

This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students for the AP World Final on

_____________. Students are to use their AP Barron’s Review Book, Prentice Hall Review Book (digitally), Weekly Assignment Book, and Traditions and Encounters textbook/website while filling out this review packet.

Throughout the packet Ms. Buffalino has even referenced page numbers and the recommended reference source(s) for additional assistance! SAVE THIS FOR NEXT YEAR – THIS IS THE FIRST HALF OF NEXT YEAR’S

REVIEW PACKET. You will need this when studying for the AP Examination NEXT YEAR. Sections from this packet will be assigned throughout the remainder of the school year. The first half of this packet was

completed for midterms. The final, completed packet is due Tuesday May 14, 2019.

Students should also be studying sample essays and sample multiple choice questions on their own. Sample questions can be found under Ms. Buffalino’s “Useful links” on her website as well as in the

AP Barron’s Review Book/CD.

Student’s Name (Printed): Kara Yim

Student’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Parent’s Signature: ______________________________________________

Assigned Date: 3/28/19

Ms. Buffalino, APWH 2

Geography Review

Category Russia India England China Japan Latin America Africa

Important Geographic Features

-lack of warm water ports -Ural Mountain -Strait of Dardanelles

-Himalayas -subcontinent -limited cultural diffusion -monsoons -Deccan Plateau -Western & Eastern Ghats

-island -can industrialize because of some features

-Gobi Desert -Himalayas -isolation -monsoons -ethnocentric

-lack of natural resources -island -mountains

-Andes mountains -> terrace farming -diverse -rainforest

-Sahara Desert -savannahs -mountain ranges & highlands in East

Impact of Features Socially

-little cultural diffusion

-isolation -island -trade -natural barriers

-little cultural diffusion

-isolation -diverse population

-lack of water -a lot of migrations (ex. Bantu) -cultural diffusion

Impact of Features Politically

-little cultural diffusion -later gained Black Sea & Baltic Sea

-isolation -strong army -little cultural diffusion

-isolation -easily invaded

-diverse population

-invaded easily -source of raw materials

Impact of Features Economically

-no warm water ports -cannot grow economy

-agriculture affected by monsoons -fertile land

-increased trade -less farmland Industrial nation

-rely on agriculture -fertile soil in the East -economy cannot grow fast

-little farming -food = fish

-diverse lands -deforestation-> more farmland

-new agriculture techniques

Use class notes


AP World Regions

These are referenced for the MC and Essay Questions.


Technological and Environmental Transformations

10,000BCE to 600 BCE

What was the Paleolithic Era and why is it significant?

The Paleolithic Era is also known as “the Stone Age”. This is the time before the Neolithic Revolution occurred so tools were not as refined. Nomads wandered around for food in

small groups, which can help cultures spread.

What is the significance of hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrating from their origins in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the

Americas? These hunting-foraging bands of humans allowed for more population and for

ideas/cultures to be spread easily.

What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?

The Neolithic Revolution is the time after the Paleolithic Era when agriculture was discovered and people settled down in one area. More refined stone tools were also

developed. This revolution also marked the beginning of gender equality because men would work and women would care for the house and children and social classes

because some people would have more crops than others.

Define: pastoralism and give an example of where it was used

Neolithic

Revolution

How did agricultural

advancements impact society?

Permanent

settlements

Social classes/

gender inequality

More food and

refined tools

Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73, 76-80, 154

5 Steps to a 5: 65-69 Prentice Hall Unit 1

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Pastoralism is the type of agriculture that is aimed at

livestock. It was used in many different civilizations, like ancient Mesopotamia.

Ancient Civilizations Chart

Civilizations Geography Religion Government Contributions

Egypt

-North Africa and

Middle East

-Nile River (flows

North)

-delta (silt

deposits)

-fertile land

-polytheistic

-Amon Re = sun god,

Osiris = god of the

Nile

-afterlife

-

mummification

-pyramids

-pharaohs resembled

gods on Earth

-pharaoh (head of

Egypt) represented

gods

-writing

(hieroglyphics)

-papyrus ->

paper

-science

(medicine), art,

architecture

-calendar

Mesopotamia (Sumer)

-modern-day

Iraq, Iran, and

Syria

-Tigris and

Euphrates Rivers

-lack of natural

barriers

-crescent shaped

-polytheistic

-ziggurats

-city-states

-self-governed,

walled,

decentralized

-Code of Hammurabi

-writing

(cuneiform)

-calendar

Indus River

Valley (Harappa and

Mohenjo-Daro)

-modern-day

Pakistan and

India

-various land

types

-fertile land

-subcontinent

-monsoons

-Indus and

Ganges Rivers

-unknown

(polytheistic?

Monotheistic?)

-temples

-organized cities with

grid pattern

-citadel on top of a hill

in each city

-sewers,

plumbing

-cotton -> clothes

-writing

-wells

-system of

weights and

measures

-pottery,

weaving, and

metalwork

China

-most live on

Eastern coast

-isolated

-monsoons

-mountains,

deserts, jungles

-Yangzi (loess-

yellow silt) and

Huang He Rivers

-polytheistic

-dead communicated

with gods to help the

living

-afterlife

-oracle bones tell

future (read cracks

from heat)

-Daoism,

Confucianism

-kings (monarch)

Nobles

Merchants

Peasants

-clans

-dynasties

-dynastic cycle:

Dynasty -> peace ->

war -> loss of Mandate

of Heaven -> dynasty

-writing

(pictographs and

ideographs) still

not fully

translated today

-Zhou literature

(many books)

Terms and Concepts Answer/Description

Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73, 76-80, 154

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1. What is a nomad? A nomad is someone who wanders/never

fully settles down somewhere. The number of nomads decreased after the

Neolithic Revolution.

2. Define irrigation: Irrigation is the action of adding water to

the toil used in Mesopotamia.

3. Define: social stratification Social stratification is the different social

classes in the social hierarchy.

4. What role did women play in ancient civilizations?

Women in ancient civilizations acted as a

housewife. Their main priority was care for the children and the house.

5. How did agriculture and pastoralism

transform human society (social structure/technology)?

They caused men to be superior to women because the men worked while

women stayed home. People also began to be separated into social classes.

6. How did improvements in agricultural production, trade and

transportation impact metallurgy?

Improvements in agriculture caused more

refined stone tools. Improvements in

trade caused people to spread ideas (cultural diffusion). Improvements in

transportation caused more trade within wider areas.

7. Define: Compound bows and give an example of where they were

used.

Compound bows are bows that enhanced aim and precision. They allowed users in

war to battle from a further distance. They were used in ancient Mesopotamia.

8. Define: Iron weapons and give an example of where they were used.

Iron weapons were weapons made from

iron metallurgy. They replaced bronze weapons and were used in ancient China.

9. Define: Chariot and give an example of where they were used.

A chariot is a wooden wagon used for

transport. They were used in ancient Greece.

10. Define: Quipu and include where it was used.

Quipu is the technique of record keeping

by tying knots on string. This was used by the Chavins.

11. What is the significance of the Vedic religion during this periodization?

The Vedic religion during this time period

praised gods/goddesses of nature and established a caste system or social

classes.


12. What is the significance of Zoroastrianism during this

periodization?

Zoroastrianism celebrated nature and the

geographic features of an area. Followers believed that there was one God that

created the world.

13. What is the significance of Hebrew

monotheism during this periodization?

The Hebrew monotheism (Judaism) during

this time was the first monotheistic faith, causing more monotheistic faiths to be

founded.

14. Why was China known as the Middle

Kingdom?

China was known as the “Middle Kingdom” because they were

ethnocentric, meaning they thought they were the center of the world.

15. What is a dynasty? What was the mandate of heaven?

A dynasty is a family of rulers. The

mandate of heaven was the god given right to rule.


Trade expanded locally to regional and transregional:

The trade that occurred between Egypt and Nubia allowed for more overseas trading for

both civilizations. The trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley allowed Mesopotamia to thrive.

Describe illustrative forms of literature such as:

1. The Epic of Gilgamesh: a Mesopotamian story of a king searching for

immortality

1.

The Rig Veda: one of the Vedas in Hinduism, “The Knowledge of Verses”,

collection of poems

2.

2. The Book of the dead: believed to help the dead navigate in the afterlife, only

obtainable by wealthy, used by ancient Egyptians

3.

Explain the significance of the

trade that occurred between:

Egypt and NubiaMesopotamia and the

Indus River Valley

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Organization and Reorganization of

Human Societies 600 BCE – 600 CE

Belief Systems (not organized by periodization)

Belief System

Approximate Date, Place of Origin

and/or Place Worshiped

Founder, Beliefs and Sacred

Text

Animism

-originated in different parts of the world

simultaneously

-practiced today in Africa and the

Americas

-no singular founder

-oral texts (can be altered easily)

-everything has a spirit

-worship ancestors

Shintoism

-originated in Japanese archipelago in

500 BCE

-worship in Torri (temples)

-founded by a mix of tribe

religions

-Record of Ancient Matters,

Chronicles of Japan

-everything has a spirit

-worship ancestors

Prentice Hall, pages 21-27 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters

5 Steps to a 5: 99-103


Taoism

-originated in China in 500 BCE

-practiced in southeast Asia today

-founded by Lao Tze

-Tao-te-Ching

-Tao – “the way”

-live in harmony with nature

-Yin Yang= balance in nature,

women were dark and passive

and men were light and heavenly

Hinduism

-originated in Indus Valley in 1500 BCE

-practiced in India today

-worship in temples

-founded by Aryan tribes

-Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad,

Gita, Mahabharnta, Ramayana

-Brahma + Shiva + Vishnu = 1

god

-reincarnation

-good/bad karma and dharma

-only men can obtain moksha

(eternal life) because women

didn’t have souls

-castes determined at birth

Buddhism

-originated in India in 566 BC

-spread to China through Silk Road

-meditate in a stupa

-founded by Siddhartha Gautama,

“The Enlightened One”,

originally Hindu

-Tripitaka “Three Baskets of

Wisdom”

-The Eightfold Path helps one

obtain nirvana (eternal life)

-The Four Noble Truths –

Buddhist philosophy

-reincarnation

-good/bad karma and dharma

-way of life, not religion

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Judaism

-originated in Israel in 2000 BCE

-worship in synagogues

-founded by Abraham and Moses

-Torah (Old Testament), Talmud,

Ten Commandments

-monotheistic

-teachings of God

-God is everywhere

Christianity

-originated in modern day Israel in 30

-worship in churches

-founded by Jesus

-The Bible, Ten Commandments

-heaven/hell

-monotheistic

-follow Jesus to obtain eternal

life/salvation

-equality of people

-3 sects: Protestantism, Orthodox,

Catholicism

Islam

-originated in Saudi Arabia (Mecca) in

622 BCE

-worship in mosques

-founded by Muhammad

-5 Pillars of Islam

-daily prayer

-fast during Ramadan (holy

month)

-pilgrimage to Mecca

-help needy/poor

-faith in one god

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Confucianism

What is the difference

between Confucianism and

Neo-Confucianism?

(include which dynasty)

-originated in China in 551 BCE

-practiced in China today

-Neo-Confucianism was practiced during

the Song dynasty and it includes some

influence of Buddhism

-founded by Confucius (Kong

Fuz)

-Analects, 5 Relationships

-education is most important

-everyone has a role in society

-people are naturally good

Zoroastrianism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

-originated in ancient Persia about 3500

years ago

-founded by Prophet Zoroaster

-Avesta

-monotheistic

-God created everything

-must pray several times a day

-people must try their best to be

good everyday

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Sikhism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

-originated in Pakistan in 1469

-worship in temples

-The Golden Temple

-founded by Guru Nanak

-reincarnation

-combination of Hinduism and

Islam

-syncretic faith

Baha’i

T& E

Chapers 7-12

-originated in Iran in 1863

-worship in temples

-founded by Bahá’u’llah

-the Báb

-monotheistic

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Legalism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

-originated in China in 221 BCE -founded by Hanfeizi

-order is power

-weak people are not leaders

Jainism

T& E

Chapers 7-12

-originated in India in 500 BCE

-worship in temples

-no historical founder

-Scriptures of Sventebara

-non-violence

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Important

Concepts

Response

Why were the early faiths polytheistic? Explain.

The early faiths were polytheistic because religion was used to explain the unexplainable.

List the polytheistic religions:

The polytheistic religions are the religions of ancient Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient China, and ancient India, and Shintoism

List the monotheistic religions:

The monotheistic religions are Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, Daoism, and the Bahái faith

Give three examples of places in the world that practiced ancestor

veneration:

China, the Middle East, and India practiced ancestor veneration.

How did Buddhism change as it spread from India to China?

Buddhism changed as it spread from India to China because when the Buddhist texts were translated to Chinese, they could be mistranslated.

Buddhist women gained more rights than before.

Who was Asoka and what faith did he help to spread?

Asoka was the leader of the Mauryan empire in India. He helped spread Buddhism.

How did Daoism develop Chinese culture? Explain and provide

specific examples.

Daoism introduced the concept of balance with the Yin Yang to Chinese culture. It also taught to respect nature.

Define filial piety:

Filial piety is the honoring of one’s ancestors.

Which two faiths are known for their Missis.ionary work?

Christianity and Buddhism are known for their missionary works.

Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain.

Religion is divisive because if one’s religious tolerance is low, then they might commit hate crimes against other religions.

Why is Jerusalem considered to be a turbulent city?

Jerusalem is considered a “turbulent city” because it is the key place in many different belief systems, like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

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EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION/SIGNIFICANCE

Assyrians

-ancient Mesopotamia and northern Israel -were paid tributes

-deported many in northern Israel

Babylonians

-southern Israel -exiled many Israelites to Jews

-conquered Judah and destroyed Jerusalem

The conquests of the Assyrians, Babylonians and Roman empires contributed to the

growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters


Parthian

Sassanid

Achaemenid

Describe the

significance of

the Persian

empires:

-traded a lot -> more

cultivation

-roads and dams

-ended by Arab

invadors

-not centralized gov’t but

organized by clan leaders

-armed and skilled warriors

-grew animals larger so they

can carry warriors

-constant nomadic invasions

-taxation

-taxation districts allowed

responsibilities to be split and

large empire be ruled

-standardized coins

-Persian Royal Road

-underground canals

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Parthian

Sassanid

Achaemenid

Describe the

significance of

the Persian

empires:


Greece

Socrates Plato Aristotle

Socratic Method of

questioning as a learning

tool.

Wrote The Republic

Favored a strong,

controlling government

Developed ideas on

government

Favored the one strong and

wise rule as best form.

Considered to be first

western philosopher

Society has three classes:

Philosophers, Soldiers,

and Workers

Human Reason was the

key to learning

Athens Sparta

Prentice Hall, 9-17 5 Steps to a 5: 92-94

Prentice Hall Unit 1: Sections 1 and 2

-women and slaves

had little rights

-laws made by

assembly (only men)

-limited democracy

-trade with other

city-states

-education for boys

-women had more

rights than Athenian

women

-monarchy with 2

kings

-no trade or travel

allowed

-boys trained for war

and girls trained for

motherhood

-Greek city-states

-patriarchal

-slaves

-common language

-same heroes and

beliefs

-Olympic Games


Rome

What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments?

Hellenistic culture is the mix of Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Indian cultures that was established by Alexander the Great. Under this culture, people advanced art and

architecture, increased women’s rights, became more educated in math and science, established more philosophical schools, and spread cultures.

Terms and Concepts for Greece & Rome Answer/Description

1. Define a direct democracy: A direct democracy is a government where the

people have a say and their votes go straight to

the government, not through a representative

2. Define a republic: A republic is a government where people vote

through a representative, votes can be changed

3. Define patricians and plebeians: A patrician is a wealthy person in ancient Rome

who descended from the ruling class and a plebian

is a less wealthy person than another with the

same job.

4. Who was Pericles?

Pericles was a descendent of a ruling family

(patrician) who led Athens through the

Peloponnesian and Persian Wars.

5. What was the Peloponnesian War? The Peloponnesian War was a war between Sparta

and Athens. Sparta won and Athens fell as a result

of it.

6. What was the Delian League? The Delian League was an alliance between Greek

city-states against Persia, was led by Athens.

How did I, Julius Caesar

pave the way for the

Roman Empire?

I am considered to be

the first Roman

Emperor. Who am

I?

He led a strong army and

later became emperor.

Augustus








Accomplishments

During the

Pax Romana

What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur?

Who was the leader that began it?

The Pax Romana was the golden age of ancient Rome. It lasted from 27-180CE. It was led by

Octavian, who was the leader of the empire.


aqueducts

roads Roman law

architecture

(Colleseum)

More trade

Spread of cultures

Roman baths

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Why was Rome considered to be an administrative institution or centralized form of government?

Rome was considered as an administrative institution because people could vote but the Senate was the most powerful government body.

What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?

The fall of the Roman Empire paved the way for the European Dark Ages.

What lead to the

fall of the Roman

Empire?


Barbarian invasions

Too dependent on

slaves

Overexpansion and

overspending

Military decline

Spread of Christianity

Political instability


Who was Shi Huangdhi?

Qin Shi Huangdi was the first emperor of the Qin

dynasty. He established a centralized

bureaucracy, destroyed fortresses to prevent

rebellions, built roads for communication and

military, burned books, and executed anyone

who protested against his rule.

What dynasty is he from?

He was from the Qin dynasty.

Compare and contrast the rise and fall of the Han and Roman Empires:

What is the significance of the Silk Road?

The Silk Road was a trade route from China connecting to many other regions. It spread many religions,

cultures, ideas, and goods.

Who was Han Wudi and why is he significant?

Han Wudi was the “Martial Emperor” of the Han dynasty. He ruled from 141-87 BCE. He strengthened

the central government, formed a bureaucracy based on Confucius’ teachings, raised taxes, set

monopolies, built roads and canals, and increased trade.

Prentice Hall, 18-20 5 Steps to a 5: 90

Han Empire

-Confucianism,

Buddhism, Daoism

-many rebellions

-3 kingdoms

-China

Roman Empire

-Christianity

-divisions of authority

-Eastern and Western Empires

-Mediterranean Sea

Both

-invasions caused the fall

-strong central gov’t

-agriculture

-roads

-taxes

-overspending


Geographic Study (This means study this )

The number of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously

there had been competing states.

Key States/Empires Approximate Location

Southwest Asia: Persian

Empires

(Achaemenid, Parthian and

Sassanid)

Persia = Iran today

East Asia: Qin and Han

Empires

South Asia: Maurya and Gupta

MesoAmerica: Teotihuacan,

Tenochtitlan, Maya city-states

Andean South America: Moche

Civilization from 100-700 CE


Briefly, yet thoroughly respond to the following:

1. Define: Corvée

Corvée is the forced labor used in China to build the Great Wall of China.

Describe the relationship between Han China and the Xiongu:

The Xiongu, nomads from central Asia, were raided by the Han army and fell. They had overlapping

territories.

2. Describe the relationship between the Guptas and the White Huns:

The Guptas were invaded by the White Huns, which led to the fall of the Guptas.

3. Define: paterfamilias

Paterfamilias is the “father of the family” in Rome.

4. How did the emergence of yokes, saddles and stirrups alter world history?

The emergence of yokes, saddles, and stirrups altered world history because they helped people ride

camels and other animals. They would become popular because once it was traded, people from other

regions would want to get them, too.

5. How did the domestication of horses, oxen, camels and llamas alter world history?

The domestication of horses, oxen, camels, and llamas altered world history because they improved

speed/transportation. This caused trade to increase.

6. How did the inventions of the dhow and lateen sails alter maritime/world history?

The invention of the dhow helped carry heavy items onto ships and lateen sails helped sailors maneuver

ships.

7. Define: qanat system

The qanat system is the system of underground canals that improved agriculture.

Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters Steps to a 5: 107-108


600BC – 600 CE

Climate and

Geographic Location: Typical goods traded:

Ethnicity of people

involved: Significance of trade route:

Eurasian Silk

Roads

-from Egypt ->China

-outside was warm

and moist

-inside was cold and

dry

-silk, spices, jewels,

and gold

-Asian, Indian, and

Persian

-spread religion (Buddhism,

Christianity)

-spread diseases (smallpox,

measles, Bubonic Plague)

Trans-Saharan

Caravan Routes

-across the Sahara

-hot and dry

-gold, ivory, slaves,

spices, salt, metal

ware

-African, Italian -camels allowed for

transportation to be easier

Indian Ocean

Trade

-majorly in East

Africa to Asia

-monsoons

-Chinese pottery,

spices, ivory, gold,

iron, porcelain

-Asian, Persian,

African

-allowed for regions near

Indian Ocean to trade easily

Mediterranean

Trade

-Russia, Rome,

Spain, Palestine,

Syria, and North

Africa

-calm waters

-furs, wood, amber,

grain, glass, silk

-Roman mariners -brought Indian goods to the

Mediterranean basin

5 Steps to a 5: 108 Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters


Regional and Transregional

Interactions 600 CE – 1450 CE

Chose two of the following trade cities and explain the significance of the city during this

periodization: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili City-States, Hangzhou, Calcut, Bagdad, Melada, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

City #1 Timbuktu

City #2 Novgorod

-center of gold trade

-on caravan routes

-autonomous

-had a town council -part of Hanseatic League and was a Baltic

city-state -fur trade

-independence taken by Ivan III

Give an example of a civilization that used paper money: Mongols

Explain how this process helped facilitate commercial infrastructure:

Paper money allowed civilizations to give items real value. When trading, not everyone followed the

same currency so people would trade an item for another. Merchants, like the ilkhans, would not accept

money that was not the same currency that they followed so they closed their markets. Also, when the

Mongols declined, their currency lost value due to the loss of confidence so prices increased

dramatically.

5 Steps to a 5: 142 Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about

1453.

What was Justinian’s Code and who was

Justinian? -Justinian’s Code was a

law code for the Byzantine empire that

included Greek and Roman aspects

-Justinian was an emperor for the

Byzantine empire

Orthodox Christian Church

-AKA Eastern Orthodox Church

-powerful force in empire

-developed separate traditions

Great Schism -1054

-split between Roman Catholic Church and

Eastern Orthodox Church

Cyrillic Alphabet -alphabet named after

Cyril because he converted slaves to

Orthodox -Slavic language

Orthodox Christianity

-different theological interpretation of

doctrine than Roman Catholics

-more conservative

Autocratic Government

-strong centralized gov’t

-rulers = czars

BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Effect On Russia

Byzantine Empire

Roman Empire

Prentice Hall, 44-47


Caliphates

Geographic Location

Time Frame

Significance

Umayyad

caliphate

-modern day Syria

-661-750 -Jews and Christians were taxed -overthrown by public because ruling family lived luxuriously

Abbasid

caliphate

-modern day Iraq

-750-1258 -accepted by Shi’tes and Sunni -most detailed maps -concept of 0 -math, art, and architecture -astronomy improved

Delhi Sultanates

-northern India -1206-1526 -big army -temporary bureaucracy and leadership

5 Steps to a 5: 120-121 Traditions and Encounters

Various Chapters


China

Sui Dynasty Accomplishments

Tang and Song Dynasties

1.

Grand Canal__________________________________

2.

military expeditions_____________________________

3.

palaces and granaries_____________________________

What were three accomplishments that occurred during the Tang and

Song dynasties?

More trade to new areas -> canals

gunpowder

Civil service exams


5 Steps to a 5: 127-128


Geographic Location/

Environmental Adaptation

Significance and notable

accomplishments:

Scandinavian Vikings

-Scandinavia -increased agriculture -trade

-raided European lands -advanced sailing

Berbers

-north Africa -governed most of Iberian

peninsula

Bantu

-West Africa, migrated to Southern and Eastern

Africa (throughout the Sahara)

-spread language, iron tools, and farming

The following groups developed diasporic communities:

Muslim merchant communities in the Indian Ocean

Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia

Sogdian merchants throughout Central Asia Jews in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin and along the Silk Road

What is a diasporic community? Explain.

A diasporic community is a scattered community due to a natural disaster or force. This can help

spread cultures, ideas, and religions. Goods could also be traded in these communities. Cross-

cultural interactions occurred as a result of the diaspora, or forced spread, or communities.

5 Steps to a 5: 146-147 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters


Explain: Dar-al-Islam

“House of Islam”

Includes all lands under Islamic rule

What are the characteristics that make up a golden age? Prosperity, accomplishments, peace, technology

List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:

Mosque art, the translation of Greek philosophy, math and science, increase of trade,

and an increase in agriculture.

How were the Muslim scholars influenced by Greek and Indian mathematics?

They were studied before Muslim scholars made comments/contributions to math.



III. The Middle Ages

What years are considered the Middle Ages?

476-1500s

feudalism manoralism Catholic Church

How did feudalism

operate?

King gives land to nobles

for military service, who gives land to knights for

food and protection, whose peasants/serfs worked on

the land for food and protection.

How were manors self-sufficient?

Manors generally

Include one or more villages

What was chivalry?

Bravery Code of Chivalry was taken

by knights, who protected women.

Who were the serfs?

Peasants

The Catholic Church was a unifying force in a

time of political instability after the fall

of the Roman Empire.

How did the Church

assert authority over rulers?

They excommunicated anyone who disobeyed the

Church laws.

POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL



THE CRUSADES

Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.

They are considered a “successful failure” because its main goal wasn’t accomplished but

there were many positive effects from it, like more power for the feudal monarchs.

During what years were the Crusades fought?

1095-1291

Causes

1. Pope wanted to gain power and

unite Western and Eastern

Churches

2. serfs can escape

3. nobles wanted power and

wealth

Effects

1. Pope became more powerful

2. Renting land helped serfs be

free

3. Feudal kings gain true power



ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

ISLAM SPREAD TO

AFRICA

-mid 600s-late 600s

-fought at first, then

joined together

against Spain

ASIA

-beliefs spread

primarily through

trade

-Islam spread

around Indian

Ocean

EUROPE

-700s (during

Middle Ages)

-South and

Western Europe

DIFFERENCES

SUNNIS

-caliph (non-religious authority)

should be chosen by leaders

SHIITES

-only Muhammad’s successors

should choose caliphs because

they are “divinely inspired”



Define: kow tow

The act of bowing so one’s head touches the floor, shows inferiority

Describe Japan’s geography:

Mountainous, islands, narrow river valleys,

rugged land

Impact of geography on the people:

Hard to farm, natural boundaries, sea of food

and transportation

Geography

Shintoism

Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature

Shrines are located in places of natural beauty

Religion

Cultural Diffusion List two ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China

1. Buddhism/Confucianism

2. Chinese customs/traditions (ex. Music, dancing, art)

Japanese

Feudalism




How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside

world?

They were hostile with foreigners and banned traveling abroad.

What was Heian Japan?

A period of time when Japanese government flourished and new advancements were

made.

Define Bushido

Code of conduct taken by samurai

“The way of the warrior”


Compare and Contrast

European Feudalism Japanese Feudalism

-Christianity

-trade increased after

Crusades

-Code of Chivalry

-Slowly declines

1200-1500

-women were weak

and delicate

-geographically close

with others

-Shintoism

-trade increased after

Europe

-Bushido

-lasted until modern

era

-women were strong

-archipelago

-social classes

-decentralized

-no trade

-2nd class held true

power

-rigid and lack

mobility

-determined by birth


Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of

the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China, Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled

horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the Yuan Dynasty in China.

Approximate dates: 1100s, 1279

The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was

as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.

Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia

Who was Genghis Khan?

He was known as the “World Emperor”. He was a skilled leader and he led the Mongols

through their invasion into Europe.

Who was Kublai Khan?

He was the grandson of Genghis Khan. He conquered China


Absolute gov’t isolation


Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:

1. Hanseatic League:

A commercial alliance between German and Scandinavian cities.

2. Grand Canal:

1100 mile waterway that connects Yellow River and Yangzi River

Started during Han dynasty and finished during Sui dynasty

3. Marco Polo:

Venetian merchant and traveler who wrote of his travels to Asia, which led to the interest in Asian trade.

4. Ibn Battuta:

Muslim scholar who wrote of his visits to Islamic lands, which led to the increase of desire to explore

5. Xuanzang:

Buddhist monk who visited the holy Buddhist sites and learned more about Buddhism

Translated Buddhist treatises into Chinese, promoted Buddhism

6. Toltecs:

Nomads who settles in the central Mesoamerican plateau

Strongly militaristic, believed in human sacrifice

Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters


7. The significance of bananas in Africa:

The cultivation of bananas increased food supply and altered diets.

8. The significance of the spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean

basin:

This spread of goods allowed for wider diets and an increased trade

Agriculture advanced and was exchanged with other societies

9. tributary system:

A system where one city or civilization pays another money, or tribute.

10. Waru waru agriculture:

Agriculture of South America

Prevents erosion with irrigation and raised beds

11. Ethiopian Christianity:

Rulers could trace their family line to Jesus

Tried to make a “New Jerusalem” with underground churches

12. Oligarchy:

Government system where a small group of upperclassmen rule

13. Holy Roman Empire:

962-1806

Loose federation of mainly German states

Emperor elected by princes


The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.

Population Losses Economic Decline Social and Political Change

Confusion and Disorder

-killed 1/3 of

European population

-35 million Chinese died

-7000 people per day died in Cairo

-farm and industrial

production decreased

-prices increased -workers demanded

higher wages -disrupted trade

-feudalism

decreased because of peasant revolts,

which caused a new political system

(monarchy)

- questioning of

faith -people turned to

magic/witchcraft -people believed

Jews poisoned the wells -> murdering

of Jews

Why is the rat the animal

chosen to represent the

Black Death?

Rats along with fleas

spread the disease

B

L

A

C

K

P

L

A

G

U

E

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

Prentice Hall, 82-83 5 Steps to a 5: Page 146


List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution

What is a guild?

1. Expansion of trade

2. growth of cities

COMMERICIAL

REVOLUTION

LED

TO

Rise of towns

List three

new

businesses

1. Parternships,

Joint Stock

companies

2. banking

3. insurance


An association that

represented workers of

one occupation


Global Interactions 1450 - 1750

The Renaissance:

A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on human ability,

potential, and achievement

During what years did the Renaissance occur? 1300s-1500s

List Three Artists

One work for each

List Three Writers

One work for each

1. Da Vinci Mona Lisa

1. Machiavelli The Prince

2. Michelangelo

“Creation” 2.Francesco

Petrarch

Sonnets tes

Laura

3. Rafael

Virgin Mary

3.Shakespeare

Hamlet

Who invented the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

What are three effects of the printing press? More books, less expensive duplicates, and the spread of ideas became easier

Define: humanism

The focus on the individual

I wrote that

the ends

justifies the

means.

Who am I?

Machiavelli



The Protestant Reformation and the

Counter Reformation

1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin

What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose?

The Counter Reformation was the time of reforming the Church after the Protestant Reformation and the

Church did reform.

When did the Reformation occur: early 1500s

When did the Counter Reformation occur: 1545

CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Long Term

1. Roman Catholic Church spread

to other parts of the world

2. Humanists wanted a simple

religion and questioned Pope’s

authority

3. Strong kings opposed the

Church’s power

Short Term

1. Sale of indulgences in Germany

2. Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

3. Gutenberg’s printing press spread

ideas

The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:

Long Term

1. Political / religion division

2. Counter Reformation

3. Loss of religious army

Short Term

1. Peasants revolted

2. Holy Roman Empire weakens

3. Persecution/limits on some groups

EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION


West African Kingdoms (note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)

Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450 – 1600)

Controls trade in gold and

salt across West Africa.

Women work in business

and government.

King has Muslim advisors.

Mali conquers kingdom of

Ghana.

Mansa Musa becomes great

emperor.

Mali controls gold trade

routes.

Timbuktu becomes a great

trading city and center of

learning.

Songhai grows into largest

West African state.

Controls important trade

routes.

Emperor sets up Muslim

dynasty.

Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?

Mansa Musa was a Muslim emperor of Mali who spread Islam, gave gold to the public, and made

Timbuktu prosper.

My Hajj is one of

the most famous in

history.



LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica)

OLMECS MAYAS AZTECS INCAS

WHERE FOUND

AND WHEN? (note this chart is

includes multiple periodizations)

-near Gulf of

Mexico

-Southern

Mexico

-300-900

-Valley of

Mexico

-1200s-?

-Mesoamerica

-Andes

Mountains

-1400s-?

POLITICAL

STRUCTURE

(gov’t)

Ruler

Priest

Commoner

Slave

Ruler

Priest

Commoner

Slave

Ruler

Priest

Commoner

Slave

Ruler

Priest

Commoner

Slave

ROLE OF

RELIGION

-polytheistic

-temples for sun

and moon

-pyramids

-polytheistic

-temples

-pyramids

-polytheistic

-pyramid for Tenochtitlan

(sun god) in the

center of town

-human

sacrifices

-polytheistic

-rituals

-sun god was

most powerful

ACHIEVEMENTS

-calendar

-astronomy

-value of 0

-pictograph

writing

-calendar

-astronomy

-calendar

-astronomy

-causeways

(connects 2

lands together)

-fertilizers

-“floating

gardens”

-calendar

-astronomy

-terrace farming

-roads



CHINA

1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?

Zheng He died so large ships were forbidden to make

2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation?

China saw itself as the center of everything (ethnocentric)

List the many ways China had influenced the following areas

KOREA WESTERN

EUROPE

JAPAN SOUTHEA

ST ASIA

-Buddhism

-Confucian

ideas

-Chinese

writing and art

styles

-porcelain

making

-printing

-porcelain

making

-gunpowder

-silk

-

Buddhis

m from

Korea

-art,

technolo

gy, and

ideas

-civil

service tests

-

bureaucracy

-Buddhism,

Hinduism,

Islam

CHINA IMPACTS THE

WEST AND ASIA



Capital City: Istanbul

Religion: Islam

Successful because of: good

military strategies and technology

Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN:

List two accomplishments:

1. Modernized army

2. Strengthened gov’t and law

system

How did the Ottomans treat different

ethnic and religious groups? How did

cultural diversity and nationalism impact

the Ottoman Empire?

People could follow their own religion as

long as they followed the law. This caused

stronger military and stronger influences

from other places and cultures.

How did Europe contribute to

Ottoman decline?

They had more advanced

technology and they controlled the

Ottoman commerce.

THE OTTOMAN

EMPIRE

YEARS: 1453-20th

century

Define: janissary

Member of elite force in Ottoman

army

Define: devshrime

Christian boys ages 8-18 would

do military training

Prentice Hall 116-118 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167

Traditions and Encounters

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bellini/gentile9.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bellini/gentile9.html&h=648&w=529&sz=22&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=OHZRFrjuFWrH5M:&tbnh=137&tbnw=112&prev=/images?q%3Djanissary%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den


THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

What were the reasons for European exploration?

Europeans wanted to obtain riches from Asia

Three advancements:

1. Printing press

2. gunpowder

3. Maps and naval

technology

How they were useful for exploration:

1. Books on geography and more relating topics

gave more information

2. Cannons on ships

3. Less likely to get lost and it is easier to sail

EXPLORERS

Vasco de Gama

-from Portugal

-found Asian spices

and sold them for very

high prices

Christopher Columbus

-from Italy

-unknowingly

discovered America

when searching for

Asian islands

Ferdinand Magellan

-from Spain

-1st person every to go around a

land fully (went around

Philippenes)

-allowed trade with China and

spread of Catholicism

Prentice Hall 119-125 5 Steps to a 5: 141-145


5 Steps to a 5: 152-155, 164-165

Conquistadors: Who did he conquer? Reasons for Success?

HERNANDO CORTES

-Aztec empire in Mexico -used armor, horses, and

weapons that were new to

Native Americans

-formed alliances with those

who opposed Aztecs

-diseases killed many Natives

-> loss in faith

FRANCISCO PIZARRO

-Incan empire in Peru -used armor, horses, and

weapons that were new to

Native Americans

-formed alliances with those

who opposed Incas

-diseases killed many Natives

-> loss in faith

How did the colonization of the Americas lead to the spread of smallpox, the measles and

influenza? Explain.

When voyagers/sailors conquer the Americas, they were already infected so they brought it to

the land they conquered.


Land Empires

Geographic Location Significance/Impact

Manchus

-China after Ming dynasty -invaded different parts of

China

-did not allow intermarriage

of Chinese and Manchus

-banned traveling to

Manchuria and learning the

language

-Chinese men were forced to

shave their heads to submit to

Manchus

Mughals

-almost entire Indian

subcontinent

-spread Islam (some of the

population were Hindus)

-culture had aspects of others

Traditions and Encounters 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167


Europeans born in Spain

European descent, born in the colonies

A mix of European and Native American or African

How does the hierarchy reflect eurocentrism?

Europeans held the most power


Peninsulares

:


Goods from the Americas (be specific) Goods from Europe (be specific)

Maize/corn, potatoes, beans, peanuts, squash,

pumpkin, tomato, chili pepper, avocado, pineapple,

cocoa, tobacco, medicine (quinine)

Wheat, sugar, banana, rice, grape (wine), dandelion,

horse, pig, cattle, lamb, sheep, goat, chicken,

smallpox, measles, typhus

Define MERCANTILISM: System where a country trades with another for more wealth/goods

WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY?

Raw materials

WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY?

Manufactured goods made form the raw materials sent to the parent country

Prentice Hall, 125 5 Steps to a 5: 174


THE SLAVE TRADE

Prentice Hall, 175-176 Traditions and Encounters

5 Steps to a 5: 178-180

Causes: What did the

Europeans need?

Slaves/workers for

the American

plantations

Effects: List two negatives

of the slave trade

1. Population in

Africa decreased

2. People were forced

to work in a new

country

Which country was the

last in the Americas to

abolish slavery and in

what year?

Brazil in 1888


Monarch Country Facts

Akbar the Great India

-strengthened central gov’t

-expanded empire

-modernized army

-religiously tolerant

-land reforms

-trade increased

Charles V Spain

-received military threats

-surrendered and divided empire

Philip II Spain

-believed he had divine right to rule

-expanded empire and Catholic

Church’s power

-golden age

-spent a lot of money on oversea

wars

-heavy taxes on middle class

Louis XIII France

-reduced nobles’ power

-not respected by nobles or

Huguenots

-strengthened army

Louis XIV “The Sun King” France

-ruled since he was 5 years old

-sun represented his power

-represented God on Earth

-expanded bureaucracy

-Palace of Versailles

-strengthened army

-persecuted Huguenots

-spend a lot of money, causing debt

The Age of Absolutism

Prentice Hall, 126-130, 146, 152-154

When was the Age of Absolutism?

1500s-1600s


Louis XVI France

-tried to raise nobles’ taxes ->

protest -> summons Estate General

because they represent general

public

Peter the Great Russia

-centralized royal power

-reduced nobles’ power

-controlled Russian Orthodox

Church

-modernized Russia

-used fear for his demands

Catherine the Great Russia

-gained Baltic Sea ports

-divided empire into smaller

provinces

-wanted to eliminate cruel

punishments

Henry VIII England

-separated Church of England from

Roman Catholic Church

-married 6 women

-left Church because they wouldn’t

allow him to get an annulment

Elizabeth I England

-worked well with Parliament

-people attempted to dethrone her

but failed

-Protestant

Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Empire

(Turkey)

-modernized army

-strengthened government and law

system


1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:

It was when James II was nonviolently overthrown because he was a bad ruler

2) Define Limited Monarchy:

Government where monarch’s power is limited by government

3) What was the Magna Carta?

A document that did not allow anyone to surpass the law

Limited monarch’s power

4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights:

King must work with Parliament

House of Commons controlled finance

No extreme fines or cruel punishments

Habeas corpus (no one can be jailed without a crime charged)

Limited monarchy

1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?

Inquiry from the Renaissance caused scientists to question/challenge

beliefs/theories

2) Scientists and their accomplishments:

Copernicus: discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric), not the

other way around

Rejected by most

Galileo: supported Copernicus’ theory

Studied the sky with a telescope

Challenged Church’s teachings of the world

Newton: discovered gravity

Established the uniform laws of nature

Prentice Hall, 139-143 5 Steps to a 5: 185

When was it? 1500s



3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked

at the world?

Scientists used math and knowledge to challenge theories. They relied on experiments instead of others’

statements, which led to the development of the Scientific Method.

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment challenged the accepted beliefs of society, like

how scientists did during the Scientific Revolution.

Enlightenment Thinker Beliefs

John Locke

-people have natural rights (life, liberty, property)

-if gov’t doesn’t protect those natural rights, they

should be overthrown

Montesquieu

-gov’t has three branches: legislature, executive, and

judicial

-separate powers prevent tyranny, which led to checks

and balances

Voltaire

-free speech

-spoke against French gov’t and Catholic Church for

little religious tolerance and intellectual freedom

Rousseau

-The Social Contract- people are naturally good but

society’s evilness corrupts it

-people work for common good

What are natural Rights?

Natural rights are rights that every person has. They include

life, liberty, and property and are protected by the gov’t.

When was it? 1700s



Focus points for essays:

1. Geography

2. River Valleys

3. Belief Systems

4. Classical Civilizations

5. Mesoamerica

6. African Kingdoms

7. Chinese Dynasties

8. Middle Ages

9. Renaissance

10. Crusades

11. Trade

12. Cross-Cultural Interactions

13. Patriarchal Societies

14. Past College Board Essays

Study: the intro cue card, essay guides, essay graphic organizers

and rubrics on the website.

GOOD LUCK!

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