ms. berndt (cavell). section 1: cultures clash on the prairie main idea: the cattle industry boomed...
TRANSCRIPT
Ms. Berndt (Cavell)
Section 1: Cultures Clash On The Prairie
Main Idea: The cattle industry boomed in the late 1800’s, as the culture of the Plains Indians declined.
Why it Matters Now: Today, ranchers and Plains Indians work to preserve their cultural traditions.
Key Terms: Great Plains Treaty of Fort Laramie Assimilation Dawes Act Battle of Wounded Knee
Key Terms / Names: Sitting Bull George A. Custer
By the end of this lesson I will be able to: 1. Contrast the cultures of Native
Americans and white settlers and explain why white settlers moved west.
2. Identify restrictions imposed by the government on Native Americans and describe the consequences.
3. Identify the government’s policy of assimilation as well as continuing conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.
Section 1: Objectives
SECTION 1: CULTURES CLASH ON THE PRAIRIE
The Indians had little contact with the “white man”
Great Plains – the grassland extending through the west-central portion of the US.
The Great Plains were hunting grounds for the Indians
THE GREAT PLAINS
THE BUFFALO The Spanish had
brought buffalo to America
The Indians hunted the buffalo
Uses: 1. Food 2. Clothing 3. Bones for tools
and weapons
BUFFALO WERE USED FOR FOOD, SHELTER AND CLOTHING
FAMILY LIFE ON THE PLAINS
Men were hunters, while women helped butcher the game and prepare it
This is called a hunter-gatherer community.
Tribes were very spiritual and no one “owned” the land….Until the “white man” came
SETTLERS PUSH WESTWARD
The white settlers began to push Westward in search of land to start a living
Since no one “owned” the land – they took it!
Soon, gold was discovered in Colorado
This lead hundreds of thousands of settlers west into the Great Plains
Most of these settlers lived in filthy conditions with the hopes of striking it rich.
THE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTS NATIVES
The U.S. government backed the settlers in disputes with the Indians
Railroad companies began to lay track right through Indian lands
Soon, the government would allow any white settler 160 acres of land to start a living.
The Indians will soon begin to fight back
RAILROADS GREATLY IMPACTED NATIVE LIFE
1. How would you feel as a Native American if a white settler “claimed”
your land?
2. Do you think the settlers had a right to take the land since no one legally owned it?
3. If you were the President at this time, would you have let the settlers claim the land from the Indians?
4. If you were a Native American Indian, would you have fought back against the settlers?
5. Do you think there might have been a way in which both the Native Americans and the settlers could have been happy instead of what happened?
Small Group Discussion:
By the end of this lesson, I will be
able to: 1. Identify restrictions imposed by the
government on Native Americans and describe the consequences.
2. Identify the government’s policy of assimilation as well as continuing conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.
Lesson One: Objectives (cont.)
NATIVES AND SETTLERS CLASH
Initially, the government set aside land for the Indians
Then they went back on their decision and had their military enforce the law
Massacre at Sand Creek; US military attack killing 150 native women and children
Sand Creek was the first major attack on the Indians
Death On The Bozeman Trail:
Bozeman Trail – traveling trail that ran directly through Indian hunting grounds.
Whites and Indians fought over this land.
The Treaty of Fort Laramie closed the trail and moved the Indians to a reservation.
Sitting Bull - the leader of the Sioux Indians, didn’t sign the treaty.
OTHER CONFLICTS AND BATTLES
Custer’s Last Stand occurred in early 1876 when Colonel George A. Custer - leader of the 7th Calvary) reached Little Big Horn
Led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, the natives crushed Custer’s troops
They won because they knew the “lay of the land”ONE OF THE FEW NATIVE
VICTORIES WAS LITTLE BIG HORN
The Battle of Little Big Horn
THE DAWES ACT - 1887 White settlers wanted
the Indians to be more like them
Assimilation – A plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become a part of the white culture.
The Dawes Act called for the break up of reservations and the introduction of natives into American life
Most Indian land would soon become white land
FAMOUS DEPICTION OF NATIVE STRUGGLE
NATIVE LANDS BY 1894
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALO
Whites began to hunt buffalo for fur and sport (sometimes from trains) – they would only take the fur
1800: 65 million buffalo roamed the plains
1890: less than 1000 remained
Indians saw this as a insult and a waste of resources
BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE The Seventh Cavalry
(Custer’s old regiment) rounded up 350 Sioux and took them to Wounded Knee, S.D.
A shot was fired – within minutes the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed Natives
This became known as the Battle of Wounded Knee. HUNDREDS OF CORPSES WERE LEFT
TO FREEZE ON THE GROUND
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
Can You: 1. Contrast the cultures of
Native Americans and white settlers and explain why white settlers moved west.
2. Identify restrictions imposed by the government on Native Americans and describe the consequences.
3. Identify the government’s policy of assimilation as well as continuing conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.
Section 2: Objectives By the end of this
lesson, I will be able to:
1. Explain the rapid settlement of the Great Plains due to homesteading.
2. Describe how early settlers survived on the plains and transformed them into profitable farm land.
Section 2: Settling On The Great Plains
Main Idea: Settlers on the Great Plains transformed the land despite great hardships.
Why it Matters Now: The Great Plains region remains the breadbasket of the United States.
Key Terms: Homestead Act
Key Terms: Transcontinental
Railroad Bonanza Farm
SECTION 2: SETTLING ON THE GREAT PLAINS
The West was expanding rapidly – the transcontinental railroad (connected East and West of the USA) helped this
1862 – Congress passed Homestead Act which allowed 160 free acres to any “head of household”
The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1868. The Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads met in Promontory Point, Utah and laid a
Golden Spike
SETTLERS ENCOUNTER HARDSHIPS
The frontier settlers faced extreme hardships – droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, locust plagues, and bandits
Even so, 50 years later 30% of Americans lived west of the Mississippi River. – only 1% in 19=850.
Dugout and Soddies Trees very scarce Settlers dug their own
homes Soddies - homes built out of sod
Homes in the sides of ravines or hillsides
INCREASED TECHNOLOGY HELPS FARMERS
1837 – John Deere invented a steel plow that could slice through heavy soil
1847 – Cyrus McCormick mass-produced a reaping machine
Other inventions included a grain drill to plant seed, barbed wire, and corn binderJOHN DEERE’S STEEL PLOW HAD
TO BE PULLED BY A HORSE OR MULE
ECONOMIC DISTRESS HITS
FARMERS Between 1867 and 1887 the price of a bushel of wheat fell from $2.00 to 68 cents
WHY? Railroad companies
charged the farmers high prices to ship grain to buyers
In response, a new type of farm emerged called a Bonanza farm.
BONANZA Farm – huge single-crop farms of 15,000 – 50,000 acres.
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
Can You: 1. Explain the rapid
settlement of the Great Plains due to homesteading.
2. Describe how early settlers survived on the plains and transformed them into profitable farm land.
Section 3: Objectives By the end of this
lesson, I will be able to:
1. Identify the problems farmers faced and their cooperative efforts to solve them.
2. Explain the rise and fall of the Populist Party.
Section 3: Farmers And The Populist Movement
Main Idea: Farmers united to address their economic problems, giving rise to the Populist movement.
Why it Matters Now: Many of the Populist reform issues, such as income tax and legally protected rights of workers, are now taken for granted.
Key Terms: Grange Farmers’ Alliances Populism Bimetallism Gold Standard
Key Names: Oliver Hudson Kelley William McKinley William Jennings
Bryan
Lesson Two Review: 1862 – Congress passed
Homestead Act which allowed 160 free acres to any “head of household”
Many flocked to the “open range” to start their lives – huge farms
Since so many were producing excess crops, prices fell drastically
Railroads also started to charge extremely high prices for crop transportation
Farmers couldn’t keep up and fell into great debt
In addition, bad weather spells were wreaking havoc on the crops
Who will help the farmers? Let’s find out!
FARMERS ORGANIZE FOR CHANGE
The Grange - was created to fight the railroad abuses
Soon the Grange and other Farmer Alliances – (Those who supported the farmers) numbered over 4 million members
Exoduster – African Americans who migrated to the Great Plains (former slaves)
1. They weren’t
traveling to their towns
2. The seats were uncomfortable
3. They were charging high prices to use their services.
4. None of the above
Why were the farmers fighting the Railroads?
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They weren’t trav... The seats were un...
They were chargin... None of the above
30
POPULIST PARTY IS BORN
How do you get something changed? – GET POLITICAL!!!
Populism – the movement of the people
The Populist or People’s Party was formed
THIS POLITICAL CARTOON SHOWS A POPULIST CLUBBING A RAILROAD
CARVanderbilt
1. To protect the people
(farmers) from unjust business practices
2. To enhance their own political power
3. To try to run the Railroad companies out of business
4. To build cities
What was the main goal of the populist party?
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30
POPULIST REFORMS What did the
Populists want?????
1. A rise in crop prices 2. Lower taxes 3. Loans for farmers 4. 8-hr. workday
Political Reforms 1. Direct election of
senators 2. Single terms for
presidents
1. 8 hour workday2. Direct election of
senators3. Lower taxes4. More land5. Increase of money
supply
Which reform was NOT a part of the populist party’s movement?
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30
Silverites vs. Gold Bugs
The central issue of the 1896 Presidential campaign – how is our money backed?
Bimetallism - those who favored using both gold and silver
Gold Standard – American dollar would be backed just by gold
Morrill Act - granted federally owned land to be developed for high education purposes
Why did it matter? People regarded paper money as
worthless unless it could be exchanged for gold or silver.
BRYAN AND THE“CROSS OF GOLD”
Republicans favored the Gold standard and nominated William McKinley
Democrats favored Bimetallism and nominated William Jennings Bryan
Despite Bryan’s stirring words, “You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold,” McKinley won the 1896 electionBRYAN’S CROSS OF GOLD
SPEECH
THE END OF POPULISM!
With McKinley’s election victory, Populism collapsed, burying the hopes of the farmer
Populism left two important legacies:
1) A message downtrodden can
organize and be heard and
2) Agenda of reforms many enacted in the 20th
century
The People’s Party Ended But Left An Important
Legacy Leading to Progressivism
Trail of Broken Treaties - cross-country protest in 1972. It was designed to bring
attention to American Indian issues, such as treaty rights, living standards, and inadequate housing
Trail of Tears - name given to the relocation and forced march/movement of Native Americans from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830
Occupy Alcatraz – (Following the Treaty of Fort Laramie) Native Americans began
to occupy the island of Alcatraz located off the shores of California by the Indians of All Tribes.
The occupation last for a year and seven months but was forcibly ended by the U.S. government.
They felt this was their right to occupy Alcatraz because the treaty stated all unused federal property be returned to the Native Americans and Alcatraz had been shut down.
Did We Meet Our Objectives?
Can You? 1. Identify the
problems farmers faced and their cooperative efforts to solve them.
What was the importance of the Populist Party?