ms. albahae | 2014-2015 - uniticon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · func2onal(region(defined by a set of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regions and Diffusion
Unit I Con2nued:
![Page 2: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 Main Types of Regions Formal Region: defined by a commonality, typically
a cultural linkage or a physical characteristic. EX: Culture Regions, a country, Corn Belt,
![Page 4: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Formal Region Map
http://blog.usa.gov/roller/govgab/resource/images/ntus_map.jpg
![Page 5: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Func2onal Region defined by a set of social, political, or
economic activities or the interactions that occur within it.
*most intense near the central node, then lose relevance as distance increases - Distance Decay ex: - an urban area (DFW METROPLEX)
- newspaper route - radio station broadcast
- reception of television station
Center of all ac2vity and beginning of interac2ons
Transporta2on, communica2on and trade reaching outside areas Less important than center
![Page 6: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Perceptual (Vernacular) Perceptual Region: ideas in our minds, based on
accumulated knowledge of places and regions, that define an area of “sameness” or “connectedness.”
EX: The South (still based on States of the Confederacy?)
The Mid-Atlantic The Middle East (has perception
changed since 9/11?) The Sunbelt
![Page 7: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Diffusion: The Spread of Ideas • All ancient culture hearths were focal points of innova2on and inven2on – Ideas then spread from their source areas to more distant loca2ons
![Page 11: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Diffusion
• Diffusion: the process of dissemina2on, the spread of an idea or innova2on from its hearth to other areas. – 2 types
• 1-‐ Expansion Diffusion: an idea or innova2on that spreads outward from the hearth
– (3 sub-‐types) • 2. Reloca6on Diffusion: People move to a new area and take their language, religion, and other cultural items with them.
– The items being diffused leave the original areas behind as they move to new areas.
![Page 12: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
a. Contagious – spreads to nearly all adjacent individuals (ex. The flu, Spread of Islam from Mecca)
b. b. Hierarchical -‐ Spreads as a result of a group that is suscep2ble (Clothing Fads, AIDS)
c. S2mulus – idea promotes a local experiment or change in the way people do things. (McDonalds?)
Expansion Diffusion
![Page 13: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stimulus Diffusion
Example:
Because Hindus believe cows are holy, cows often roam the streets in villages and towns. The McDonalds restaurants in India feature veggie burgers.
![Page 14: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reloca2on Diffusion
Defined again: The physical spread of cultures/ideas. When people migrate, they oXen bring various aspects of their culture Language, religion, customs
Main difference to keep in mind between expansion diffusion and reloca2on diffusion is: ***Expansion -‐ it is the IDEA, INNOVATION or DISEASES) that does the moving ***Reloca2on – involves the actual movement of people who bring the ideas etc…
![Page 15: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reloca2on Diffusion Example
• Example: African-‐Americans who moved from the rural South to the urban North during the mid-‐20th century brought blues music to Chicago.
![Page 16: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples of Diffusion
• Religions • Food
• Cultural trends -‐ Music • Plants/Animals/Insects
• Diseases
![Page 17: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Worldwide, there are 1.4 billion followers of Islam There are
between 5 – 7 million Muslims in the United States
Diffusion of Islam
630 – 1600 AD
![Page 18: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Starbucks.. They're everywhere
![Page 19: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Diffusion or (in this case) Fusion of Food
• In China, the chief food flavor used is soy
• In India, the principal
flavoring is curry • Both spices spread or
‘migrated’ • As a result, Thai food,
influenced by both China and India, is a blend of both cuisines, yet uniquely Thai
![Page 20: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Music, clothing and fads
• New clothing & music fads spread quickly among major world ci2es such as ?
• Only later do they filter
down the urban hierarchy
![Page 21: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Plants, Animals & Insects • Arizona is a case study=
‘introduc6on of alien plant species’ due to migra6on of people from all over US to Arizona
• Kudzu – from Japan
• West Nile Virus
• Africanized Killer Bees
![Page 22: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kudzu
• Roots are jointed & o_en branch every two or four feet and can form separate, independent plants as the root joints die.
• One of the fastest growing plants around, with the ability to expand as much as 60 feet in one season!
• And, it’s very difficult to control. It has taken over some areas of the US, such as Louisiana and Mississippi
• Kudzu resembles soybeans or cowpeas. • Its roots can reach a depth of eight feet and have a circumference of over three inches.
![Page 23: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
West Nile Virus
![Page 24: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Barriers to Diffusion
What slows/prevents diffusion? -‐ 2me-‐distance decay
-‐ The farther an idea is from the source, the less likely it is to be adopted
-‐ cultural barriers: Religious beliefs, language, poli2cs etc.
![Page 25: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cultural Environment
Architecture, changing the landscape, etc Cultural ecology – study of the rela2onship between a culture group and the natural environment it occupies – Arid regions versus humid regions
![Page 26: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Environmental Determinism
• Belief that humans are controlled and/or their behavior is determined by their physical environment – Climate being the cri2cal factor
• Becoming less accepted
![Page 27: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Possibilism
• Possibilism is the belief that while people may face challenges regarding physical environment, choices are always present as to how one can deal with each problem
• However, possibilists s2ll retain the no2on that humans can’t control all aspects of their environment
![Page 28: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cultural Landscape
• Carl Sauer coined the term in 1927 • All iden2fiably human-‐induced changes in the natural landscape (ar2ficial features)
![Page 29: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE The visible human imprint on the landscape.
![Page 30: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE Layers of imprints in a cultural landscape that
reflect years of differing human activity.
Athens,Greece
-‐ ancient Agora surrounded by modern buildings
![Page 31: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE
Layers of imprints in a cultural landscape that reflect years of differing human activity.
Prague, Czech Republic – Prague architecture includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neo-‐Classical and Art Nouveau.
![Page 32: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE Mumbai, India & Dar es Salaam, Tanzania African, Arab, German, Bri2sh, and Indian layers to the ci2es.
Apartment in Mumbai Apartment in Dar es Salaam
![Page 33: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
** Similarity of Different Places • Scale: From local to global
– Globalization of economy – Globalization of culture
• Space: Distribution of features – Distribution
• Connections between places – Spatial association – Diffusion
![Page 34: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cultural Landscape The visible human imprint on the landscape.
Carl Saur
Religion and cremation practices diffuse with Hindu migrants from India to Kenya.
![Page 35: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Fric2on of Distance
• Degree to which distance interferes with interac2on
![Page 36: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Space-‐2me compression
• People are closer together
• Reduced perceived distance
![Page 37: Ms. Albahae | 2014-2015 - UnitICon2nued:(( · 2014. 9. 5. · Func2onal(Region(defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071014/5fcd33bdde7d3c05ba5565a0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Distance Decay