MRSAMRSA

What is It?What is It?

MRSAMRSA

Methicillin-resistant staphaureus (MRSA)Methicillin-resistant staphaureus (MRSA)

Caused more than 94,000 life-threatening Caused more than 94,000 life-threatening infections and nearly 19,000 deaths in 2005infections and nearly 19,000 deaths in 2005

Most associated with healthcare settingsMost associated with healthcare settings

Most frequent among people with weakened Most frequent among people with weakened immune systemsimmune systems

MRSAMRSA(Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus)(Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus)

Staph” infections have been around since the beginning Staph” infections have been around since the beginning of history.of history.

““Because so many antibiotics have been used in recent years, Because so many antibiotics have been used in recent years, the bacteria are now starting to become resistant, and this the bacteria are now starting to become resistant, and this created MRSAcreated MRSA

MRSA infections have been a problem in hospitals for several MRSA infections have been a problem in hospitals for several yearsyears

Has surfaced in communityHas surfaced in community Such infections are generally mildSuch infections are generally mild Pimples or boilsPimples or boils

• Red, Painful, swollen, drain pusRed, Painful, swollen, drain pus• Typically single not multipleTypically single not multiple

Occurs in otherwise healthy peopleOccurs in otherwise healthy people Staph is common on most peopleStaph is common on most people

Can commonly live on the skin or in their noseCan commonly live on the skin or in their nose

MRSA pimples in a person with a suppressed immune systemMRSA pimples in a person with a suppressed immune system

MRSAMRSA

MRSA MRSA

Clusters among athletes, Clusters among athletes, military recruits, children, military recruits, children, prisonersprisoners

May live on surfaces May live on surfaces contaminated with body contaminated with body fluids containing MRSAfluids containing MRSA

Treated with antibiotic Treated with antibiotic and/or having your doctor and/or having your doctor drain the infectiondrain the infection

Primary Means Primary Means of Transmissionof Transmission

Skin-to-skin contactSkin-to-skin contact Crowded conditionsCrowded conditions Poor hygienePoor hygiene Sharing of Personal Sharing of Personal

ItemsItems

Reduce the Risks of Disease Transmission through….

PREVENTION

The Prevention ProgramIncludes…

Education on Infection Control Encouraging good hygiene practices Eat a healthy diet Proper cleaning & disinfection of

athletic equipment Proper handling of blood and OPIM

By altering one component of the triangle, one or more of the other components may be

changed

Environmental Surfaces & Equipment, Personnel who come to work with infections

Herpes, Ringworm HOST: Staph Infections Recruits, EMTs,

MRSA Firefighters, Officers

Boost the Host

Host(Personnel)

Healthy Habits Diet rich in green, yellow, and orange

vegetables can bolster natural immunity. Doctor or nutritionist may recommend

vitamins or mineral supplements to compensate for specific dietary deficiencies.

Drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water a day can help flush disease causing organisms from the body.

Causal Agent

A causal agent is biological, physical or chemical entity capable of causing disease.

Bacteria – Ex: Staph Infections (MRSA)*Antibiotics

Virus – Ex: Herpes *Antiviral Medication

Fungus – Ex: Ringworm*Antifungal Medication

Alter the Environment Hygiene Practices

Keep cuts & scrapes clean and coveredKeep cuts & scrapes clean and covered Do not touch other people’s cuts & bandages w/o glovesDo not touch other people’s cuts & bandages w/o gloves Do not share personal itemsDo not share personal items

• Towels, soap, razors, tweezers, sports equipment, ball caps, linen Towels, soap, razors, tweezers, sports equipment, ball caps, linen etc.etc.

Shower after P.T. or strenuous activitiesShower after P.T. or strenuous activities

Hand Hygiene Wash your handsWash your hands

• Soap and water is bestSoap and water is best• Waterless hand sanitizer if soap & water is not availableWaterless hand sanitizer if soap & water is not available• Antimicrobial soap is Antimicrobial soap is notnot recommended recommended

Cleaning

The Environment may harbor Diseases

Follow Instructions for Chemical Use

All Chemical Germicides and Bleach Solutions (1:100)

MIX Appropriately USE Appropriately READ and FOLLOW LABELS

Bacteria

Salmonella choleraesuis Salmonella enteritidis Staphylococcus aureus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Salmonella typhi Serratia marcescens Salmonella typhimurium Streptococcus pyogenes Shigella flexneri Streptococcus faecalis Enterobacter aerogenes Streptococcus faecalis Proteus vulgaris Chlamydia psittaci Enterococcus faecalis Bordetella bronchispetica Escherichia coli Enterobacter cloacae

Fusobacterium necrophorum Pseudomonas aeruginosa Listeria monocytogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Pasteurella multocida Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis Staphylococcus aureus Shigella sonnei Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis

Fungi

Candida albicans Aspergillus niger Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Viruses

Herpes Simplex Type 1 Herpes Simplex Type 2 Vaccinia Influenza A/Hong Kong HIV-1 (AIDS virus) Adenovirus type 4 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGE) Rubella (German Measles) Infectious Bronchitis (Avian IBV)

Animal Viruses

Canine Distemper Feline Leukemia Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Feline Picornavirus Pseudorabies Rabies

LYSOL Brand ICTM Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner (Concentrate)

•Effective cleaner and disinfectant that kills odor-causing bacteria.

•Highly concentrated, cost-effective formula dilutes at 1:256.

•Virucidal, Fungicidal and Bactericidal*.

•Effective against HIV-1, VRE, MRSA and other gram-positive as well as gram-negative microorganisms.

•Neutral pH in use.

•EPA Registration No. 47371-129-675

* In the presence of 5% organic matter

PreventionPrevention Wash your handsWash your hands Healthy eating habitsHealthy eating habits Keep cuts & scrapes clean and Keep cuts & scrapes clean and

coveredcovered Do not touch other people’s cuts & Do not touch other people’s cuts &

bandages w/o glovesbandages w/o gloves Do not share personal itemsDo not share personal items

Towels, soap, razors, tweezers, sports Towels, soap, razors, tweezers, sports equipment, ball caps, linen etc.equipment, ball caps, linen etc.

Shower after P.T. or strenuous Shower after P.T. or strenuous activitiesactivities

Clean surfaces with a disinfectant that Clean surfaces with a disinfectant that will kill Staph such as Cidex II, DisCide will kill Staph such as Cidex II, DisCide Ultra or a 1:100 bleach solution (mixed Ultra or a 1:100 bleach solution (mixed every 24 hrs)every 24 hrs)

Don’t forget to decon mop heads and Don’t forget to decon mop heads and bucketsbuckets

What to Do if You Have a BoilWhat to Do if You Have a Boil

If you get a boil have it evaluated by your PCPIf you get a boil have it evaluated by your PCP The only way to tell is for a doctor or nurse to collect The only way to tell is for a doctor or nurse to collect

some of the drainage (pus) and send it to the lab for some of the drainage (pus) and send it to the lab for “culture”. The lab grows the bacteria on a culture plate “culture”. The lab grows the bacteria on a culture plate so that they can be identified. This process usually so that they can be identified. This process usually takes 2 to 4 days. The lab can also test to see which takes 2 to 4 days. The lab can also test to see which antibiotics will work best to treat the infection.antibiotics will work best to treat the infection.

If you are diagnosed with MRSA contact the If you are diagnosed with MRSA contact the designated infection control officerdesignated infection control officer

Work Restrictions may be implemented for an Work Restrictions may be implemented for an active abscess.active abscess.