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MRCSP - Large-Scale CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage Test in g gMidwestern USA

Presented by:

Carbon Sequestration Leadership ForumPIRT Group MeetingWashington, DCNovember 4, 2013

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Presented by:Neeraj Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Research Leader , Battelle, Columbus, Ohiogupta@battelle.org

DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT42589

MRCSP – cornerstone of the Battelle’s program on the CCUS technology development

AEP Mountaineer Projects • Site Characterization, Design• Permitting, Construction• Operations, workover

Regional Carbon Partnership

Wellbore Integrity

Simplified Modeling

FutureGen Program

• Post-Injection Monitoring• >150,000 hours of safe drilling Storage Feasibility in

Sichuan Basin China

• Regional Mapping• Policy & Regulation• Small-Scale Tests

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FutureGen Program• 1 MT/yr scale• Design/costing• Class VI permitting

Ohio Valley Characterization, Basin-Scale Modeling

• Large-Scale Test• EOR and Storage• Exploration

Private Client Studies – Domestic and Global

Emerging Program in Brine Disposal, EOR, Shale Gas

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The MRCSP assesses viability of carbon sequestration

• Established in 2003 by Battelle with DOE-NETLBattelle with DOE-NETL funds – Currently in Phase III

• Led by Battelle, there are 40 organizations from non-profit, government, and commercial entities

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• Mission – The premier resource for CO2 storage and utilization expertise in the region

MRCSP region: Many CO2 emission sources with dependence on coal

• CO2 storage/utilization technologies key to g yaffordable energy supplies

• Environmental/climate issues and shale gas, are leading to energy supply transition

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• Coal continues to be dominant fuel source, but will be impacted due to emission limits

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Overall schedule for MRCSP – 10 Years of achievements and more to come!

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Phase I

Phase IIILarge Scale Field Validation

Phase IISmall Scale Validation

Characterization

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g

Site Selection, Permitting, Site Characterization, Site Preparation, and Baseline Monitoring

MI Injection Operations(Multiple Reefs)

Post Injection Monitoring

OH Site MI SalineMI EOR Fields

CO2 Storage resources – significant but heterogeneous potential• Many promising units for CO2 storage including saline formations,

depleted oil/gas fields, and potentially organic shales, and coal beds

• Mapping and understanding the storage zones is an ongoing effort

• Primary targets include Mt. Simon Sandstone along the arches and carbonate layers in deeper basins

Organic Shales: ~2-30 GTUnmineable Coal: ~1 GT

Deep Saline Formations:~49-194 GT(not including offshore)

Depleted Oil and Gas Fields:~8.500 GT

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Many field tests demonstrate heterogeneous storage potential in MRCSP region

Region is home to several field tests – but many more are needed

Michigan BasinState-Charlton 30/31 Field

MRCSP Test

MRCSP Large-Scale

Other CO2 Inj. Test

E. Canton

MGSC ADM

MRCSP Large-Scale

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App. BasinFirstEnergyR.E. Burger Plant

Cincinnati ArchDuke EnergyEast Bend Station

HuffnPuff

KYCCSHancock Co.

AEPMountaineer

CONSOL CBM

FutureGen 2

MRCSP Ten-Years - Key Observations

• Small-scale tests extremely useful in proving safety and effectiveness – we need more of these

• Injectivity different at each site• Monitoring data redefined geologic model in all casesTechnical • Monitoring data redefined geologic model in all cases• Regional heterogeneity necessitates extended

mapping and multiple field tests• Continued testing and evaluation of monitoring

technologies needed to build confidence

Technical Issues

• Proactive outreach and collaboration with host site teams crucial for public acceptance

Social Issues

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p pssues

• Class V experimental permits enabled testing• EOR sites can enable CCUS deployment and

research – but only have one site in MRCSP regionPermitting

• RCSP research can also benefit other energy R&D –brine disposal, wellbore integrity, shale gasOther

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MRCSP region has many large historic oil and gas producing areas

• ~ 8,500 million metric tons of CO2 could be t d ithi d l t d

Oil and gas fields map for region*

stored within depleted O&G fields (~10 years worth of regional emissions)*

• Using CO2 for EOR could lead to the production of an

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production of an additional ~1.2 billion barrels* of oil

• However, EOR needs to be proven in the region

* Source: Estimates developed by the Geological Surveys within the MRCSP

MRCSP large-scale test site —only CO2–EOR site in the Midwest

Location: Otsego County, Michigang y, g

Host Company: Core Energy LLC

Reservoir Type: Closely-spaced, highly compartmentalized oil & gas fields located in the Northern Michigan Niagaran Reef Trend

Source of CO2: N t l G P i Pl t

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Natural Gas Processing Plant

Injection Goal: At least 1 million metric tons of CO2 over ~four years

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MRCSP study fields are in multiple oil production stages

Oil fields are in various production life-cycle stages

• Late Stage EOR Reefs• Late-Stage EOR ReefsUndergone extensive primary and CO2-EOR – highly depleted

• Active EOR ReefsCompleted primary oil recovery and CO2-EOR is under way

• Pre-EOR Reefs – New CO2 EOR

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Undergone primary oil recovery but no CO2-EOR yet Reef Surface

Existing EOR infrastructure enables cost effective research for MRCSP tests• Infrastructure:

• CO2 uptake from capture

• Compression and d h d ti t

Dover 35 Dover 36 dehydration systems

• Pipelines for transport

• Central processing facility (Dover 36)

• Injection and production-monitoring wells (7 fields)

• Monitoring and

Core Energy Existing Pipeline

Charlton 6

Charlton 30/31Dover 33

Dover 35

Chester 5

Chester 2

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gmeasurement systems

• Total system capacity is >1200 tonnes/day (10-15% of 500MW coal-based plant)

Core Energy Compressor

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Dover 36 Processing Facility – central hub for fluids and data flow

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MRCSP Project ScheduleMRCSP Phase III Schedule Year 2016 2017 2018 2019

No. Task Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1.0 Regional Characterization

2.0 Outreach

3.0 Reservoir Studies in Depleted Niagaran ReefsNEPA EQ and Site WorkplanAdvanced Geological Characterization

2012 2013 2014 2015

gReservoir Modeling and AnalysisCO2 Injection

Monitoring and AnalysisSite Transfer

4.0 Reservoir Studies in Active Niagaran ReefsNEPA EQ and Site WorkplanReservoir Modeling and AnalysisCO2 Injection and Mass BalanceMonitoring and Analysis

5.0 Reservoir Studies New Niagaran Reefs A&BSite Characterization Plan (Reefs A&B) A B

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Advanced Geological CharacterizationReservoir Modeling and AnalysisCO2 Injection (Reefs A&B) A B B

Monitoring and AnalysisSite Transfer A B

6.0 Project Management

7.0 Deep Saline Formation ActivitiesDocument and Close St. Peter SS WellApproval of workplan required before proceeding with field work.Approval of basline geologic report required before injection can begin.

A&B

A&BA&B

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MRCSP field test research objectives

Site Characterization

Assess the variability among adjacent reefs

Reservoir Models

Operational Models

Monitoring

Validate using injection and production

Predict CO2 storage and oil production; suggest approaches to optimize both

Id tif t ff ti d f l t h i

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gTechniques and

Equipment

Reef Capacity and Injectivity

Identify cost effective and useful techniques and methods

Identify key parameters and variability; address uncertainty

Geologic Setting – Complex Reef Structures

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Highly depleted field provides a test bed for advanced monitoring technologies

Reservoir TestingInSAR

Total Test

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

Pre

ssu

re (psi

(a))

-16

-12

-8

-4

0

Gas R

ate (M

Mscfd

)

pdata

pmodel

qgas

pi (syn) 800.0 psi(a)

p*model 809.2 psi(a)

Cumwater 0.00 Mbbl

Cumgas -18.852 MMscf

kh 3750.00 md.ft

h 150.000 ft

k 25.0000 md

sd 5.000

Xe 1559.000 ft

Ye 2430.000 ft

Xw 779.500 ft

Yw 1215.000 ft

Dover 33

Na

90

10

80

20

70

30

60

40

50

50

40

60

30

70

20

80

10

90

Geochemistry

Wireline Logging

Gravity Survey

8000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Time (h)

Pressure & Temperature

1460

1480

1500

1520

1540

1560

1580

1600

1620

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Days

Pre

ssu

re (

PS

I)

Press ure1

Press ure2

Press ure3

Press ure4

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Days

Te

mp

era

ture

(F

)

Temp1

Temp2

Temp3

Temp4

Pressure Temperature

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Monitoring options under testing at Dover 33 field

Vertical Seismic

Ca K90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Microseismic

MRCSP Dover 33 field monitoring program

• Late stage, Dover 33, serves as main t t b d f it i t h i

Borehole gravity meter being assembled

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test bed for monitoring techniques

• Instrumented wells and pipelines in active fields to track CO2 injection and CO2, brine, and oil production

• Lessons learned will be applied to design MVA plan for newly targeted field for EOR (to be determined) Model assessing feasibility of the borehole gravity

meter to measure changes in formation density in response to CO2

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MRCSP Phase III Field Activities – Dover 332012 2013

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Baseline Characterization Long‐Term Injection Operations

Baseline Geochemical Sampling

Vertical Seismic Profiling

Reservoir Testing and Microseismic Testing

Gravity Survey

Well Workovers and Wireline Logging

p g

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Repeat Geochemical Sampling

Start of Long-Term Injection – April 23

Repeat Geochemical Sampling

Pressure Fall Off Testing

Safety Considerations for MRCSP Fieldwork

• Wide variety of work -- wide range of safety considerations

• All work completed safely to date!

Well Workovers –Well Workoverswell control, overhead hazards, heavy equipment

Seismic Activities –

Fluid Sampling and Reservoir Testing –high pressure fluids, well work

InSar ACRs – heavy equipment operation

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Seismic Activities well work, explosive hazards

Wireline Logging –well work, radiologic hazards

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Late-Stage reef (Dover 33) CO2 injection progress

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841 Tonnes

9,289 Tonnes

68,646 Tonnes

Pressure response in 3 wells in late-stage reef

All 3 wells show progressive

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All 3 wells show progressive increase in pressure following each CO2 injection event, indicating the reservoir is behaving as a closed system

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Developing detailed geologic model work for MRCSP based on seismic and well log data

Log and core correlationSeismic Interpretation Geologic Framework Model

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The modeling integrates seismic and well log dataProvides basis for fluids flow models

Final Geologic Model

Porosity

MRCSP Dynamic reservoir simulationsExpected Outcome:

• Full accounting for (1) reservoir geologyand (2) compositional phase behavior

Strategy:

Dover-33 pressure predictions using IMEX13n17May13\Dover33_CO2injsch_krmani_25mD_BHP300_current.irf

R (

psi

)

day

)3,000

4,000

3.00e+6

4.00e+6

Strategy:

• CO2-Prophet for initial simulations

• GEM (Computer Modeling Group) to model multiphase flows for CO2-EOR

• Requires detailed information about (1) rock / fluid properties and (2) production history

C b d f ll h f hi t

Ave Pres HC POVO SCTR Entire Field Solvent Rate SC CO2inj

Time (Date)

Av

e P

res

HC

PO

VO

SC

TR

So

lven

t R

ate

SC

(b

bl/

d

2013-4 2013-7 2013-10 2014-1 2014-4 2014-7 2014-10 2015-10

1,000

2,000

0.00e+0

1.00e+6

2.00e+6

2e+9

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• Can be used for all phases of history matching (primary, CO2-EOR, depleted), flood design and production forecasting

• Possible partial or full coupling of flow, geochemistry, and geomechanics

Time (Date)

Cu

mu

lati

ve

Gas

SC

(ft

3)

1980 1985 1990 19950e+0

5e+8

1e+9

2e+9

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2013 YTD (end August) Production by Reefs

MRCSP – Understanding CO2-EOR System-wide operations• Data collection and reporting from all fields

• Compilation and review of historic operations data

• Systematic calibration of flow meters

1000

1500

2000

2500

10 000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

cte

d/P

rod

uc

ed

(M

MC

F)

Oil

(BB

L)

2013 YTD (end August) Production by Reefs

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Charlton 30/31 EOR

Unit

Charlton 6 EOR Unit

Chester 2 EOR Unit

Chester 5 EOR Unit

Dover 33 EOR Unit

Dover 35 EOR Unit

Dover 36 EOR Unit

Gross Oil (BBL) 20,037 5,836 28,166 4,997 45 17,706 23,982

CO2 Injected (MMCF) 738 488 765 587 1960 204 1004

CO2 Produced (MMCF) 863 583 631 149 3 168 1029

0

500

0

5,000

10,000

CO

2 In

je

30

40

MC

F)

2013 - CO2 from Chester 10, Produced and Total at Dover 36

MRCSP Facility-wide CO2 supply and injection/production history

• Chester 10 and recycled CO2Supply since 2006 and during 2013

0

10

20

1/1/

131/

11/1

31/

21/1

31/

31/1

32/

10/1

32/

20/1

33/

2/13

3/12

/13

3/22

/13

4/1/

134/

11/1

34/

21/1

35/

1/13

5/11

/13

5/21

/13

5/31

/13

6/10

/13

6/20

/13

6/30

/13

7/10

/13

7/20

/13

7/30

/13

8/9/

138/

19/1

38/

29/1

3CO

2 (

MM

Chester 10 CO2 (MMSCF) CO2 Prod (MMCF)

CO2 Compr (MMCF)

• Data useful for history matching in models and evaluating CO2 retention

Monthly CO2 Availability - Chester 10 Pure CO2, Prod ced CO and Total CO

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1/1/

06

5/1/

06

9/1/

06

1/1/

07

5/1/

07

9/1/

07

1/1/

08

5/1/

08

9/1/

08

1/1/

09

5/1/

09

9/1/

09

1/1/

10

5/1/

10

9/1/

10

1/1/

11

5/1/

11

9/1/

11

1/1/

12

5/1/

12

9/1/

12

1/1/

13

5/1/

13

CO

2(M

MC

F)

Produced CO2 and Total CO2

Pure CO2 (MMCF) CO2 Produced (MMCF) CO2 Compressed (MMCF)

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Monitoring in Active EOR Reefs

• Work plan approved by DOE – Review historical operations

– Selected piggyback monitoring

– Model one reef in detail

– Evaluate mass balance and retention

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

e C

O2

(MM

CF

)

ve O

il (

BB

L)

Charlton 30/31EOR flood began in 2006

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

1/1/

05

6/1/

05

11/1

/05

4/1/

06

9/1/

06

2/1/

07

7/1/

07

12/1

/07

5/1/

08

10/1

/08

3/1/

09

8/1/

09

1/1/

10

6/1/

10

11/1

/10

4/1/

11

9/1/

11

2/1/

12

7/1/

12

12/1

/12

5/1/

13

Cu

mu

lati

ve

Cu

mu

lati

v

Cumulative Oil (BBL) Cumulative CO2 Injected (MMCF)

Cumulative CO2 Produced (MMCF) Net CO2 in Reef (MMCF)

MRCSP Outreach Goals

Support the large volume injection test

Updated communication plan for restructured project

Maintain reputation of MRCSP as a neutral and credibleMaintain reputation of MRCSP as a neutral and credible source of scientific information on CCS

Over 20 Topical Reports available

Over 30 Presentations and Briefings available on MRCSP Website

Improve public understanding and acceptance of CCS

Synthesizing project results into key findings and messages for stakeholders.

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for stakeholders.

Increase public understanding of EOR, subsurface activities, and their role in the larger energy mix

Speaking at conferences and meeting with trade associations

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Site Specific Outreach Activities

• Maintaining regulatory and community relationships

• ~250 VSP shot points and 29 artificial reflectors installed on private propertyreflectors installed on private property

• Monitoring events and issues that could have a bearing on public views of the project (e.g., shale plays, “fracking”).

• Building upon a broad suite of communications materials and tools to support project

• Developing new outreach materials

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• Developing new outreach materials

• Posting “Project Snapshots” on the MRCSP website

• Hosting site tours

MRCSP Fact Sheet on Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

Knowledge sharing continues to be an important outcome of the MRCSP program

• FutureGen2.0 geologic storage program

• Appalachian Basin and Ohio– AEP Mountaineer site

– CO2-utilization for EOR and storage options

– Wellbore integrity assessment

– Brine disposal options

• International - World Bank CCUS capacity building in China– Hosting delegation visits

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Hosting delegation visits

– Sichuan basin storage potential

• Dialogue with other partnerships

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Western Michigan

Geology Teams From Nine States Part of MRCSP to Conduct Regional Characterization and Implementation Plans

New York State M

gUniversity

Indiana University

Rutgers University

Museum

Ohio Geo Survey

Pennsylvania Geo Survey

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University of Kentucky

West Virginia Geo Survey

Maryland Geo Survey

MRCSP Phase III piggy-back geology characterization efforts

• Adams Well (Deep Geology)

• Cargas Well (Pipe Conveyed)

• Cutter Well (Promising Targets)Cutter Well (Promising Targets)

• 3D/3C Seismic Data (Niagaran Reefs)

• 2-D Seismic (Over 200 miles of new lines)

• MRCSP has done over 10 piggybacks

3232

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Finding storage options in Appalachian Basin• Battelle is working with oil/gas operators to obtain crucial geologic data

for mapping storage zones

• Funded by Ohio Coal Development Office as a joint effort with MRCSP

OCDO piggyback wells

1

23

4

(1) Lee Family Trust

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11

12

13

14

p ggyOther wells in database

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16

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(1) Lee Family Trust(2) McCoy(3) Dager(4) Ohio #1 CO2(5) Devco(6) Miley(7) AEP #1(8) McKelvey(9) Raynor D #1(10) #1 Jarrell(11) Georgetown

Marine(12) #1 Northstar(13) Adams(14) Silcor(15) Frankovitch(16) Burger

7 8

910

Copper Ridge vuggy Dolomite Core 8370’

MRCSP status and plans

• MRCSP Phase III injection began Feb. 2013 –

• ~350K tonnes till Oct. 2013 in Dover 33 and other active reefs

• Up to 500,000 tonnes of CO2 injection planned in Dover 33 depleted reef

• Additional fields for new CO2-EOR tests with ~500,000 tonnes planned

• >200,000 tonnes injection monitored in active reefs by Oct. 2013

• A period of monitoring after completion of injection

• Wells to be returned for normal operations by Core Energy at the end

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Work presented here has been conducted by Battelle Geosciences team, our collaborators, and field services providers

Acknowledgements

N j G t Ph D

providers

Projects have been sponsored by The US DOE, The Ohio Coal Development Office, and several companies

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Neeraj Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Research Leader, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio

gupta@battelle.org 614-424-3820

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