MR OWEN7TH GRADE AMERICAN HISTORY

ICCS MIDDLE SCHOOL

Chapter 14 – A New Spirit of Change (1830-1860)

Chapter 14 – A New Spirit of Change

As industry and society grew and prospered in the US, millions of immigrants were drawn to the US from Europe in the mid-1800s, looking for a better life.

After seeing rights for white males increase during the Age of Jackson, many women and African-Americans began to pursue their own civil and voting rights

Section 1 – The Hopes of Immigrants

Vocabulary Emigrant – a person who leaves a country Immigrant – a person who settles in a new country Push factor – reasons that a person might LEAVE a

country Pull factor – reasons a person might COME to a

country Nativist – native-born American who did not want the

US influenced by foreign powers Prejudice – negative opinion that is not based on facts Know-Nothing Party – American political party of the

1850s that was against immigrants and Catholics

Coming to America

As America continued to prosper, many new people wanted to come to the US from Europe They left as ‘emigrants’ but when they arrived, they

became ‘immigrants’

They came for many different reasons Sometimes because they had to (they were pushed out) Sometimes because they wanted to (they were pulled in)

They came from different places in Western Europe Before, most Americans had British ancestors Now, people are coming from Germany & Ireland

Push FactorsPush Factors Pull Factors Pull Factors

WarNo jobs Not enough foodSlaveryNo political or

religious freedomBad living conditionsFew opportunities

Better opportunities Better living

conditionsEducationPolitical and

religious freedomBetter land for

farming

Reasons for Immigration (page 452)

New Immigrants in America

The new immigrants came to cities in the North where there were more jobs and opportunities

The huge increase in people caused problems in the cities like overcrowding, crime and poor sanitation

Not everyone was in favor of the new immigrants though They faced anger and prejudice from nativist groups who did

not want foreign influence in the US The Know-Nothing Party was formed to support nativist

ideas against immigrants but could not agree on slavery and quickly disappeared

Millard Fillmore (1849-1852)

Born in New York to a very poor family and was self- educated at a young age

Served in the House of Representative in the 1830s and joined the Whig party

Picked by Zachary Taylor to be vice president but the two had never met and did not agree politically Taylor’s sudden death made him president and Sided with Democrats during the Compromise of 1850

and the Fugitive Slave Act, making him unpopular He was against slavery personally but did nothing to

try to end it; he wanted to preserve the Union Finished Taylor’s term but was not nominated

in the 1852 election Joined the Know-Nothing Party after his

presidency and criticized presidents Johnson and Lincoln for not maintaining the Union

Franklin Pierce (1852-1856)

Son of a Revolutionary War hero from New Hampshire Was a very successful lawyer as a young man

Served in state government and US Congress before leading a volunteer force in the Mexican-American War

Pierce was a very popular candidate and won in a landslide victory

He made some very unpopular decisions though, such as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and was replaced as the democratic candidate by James Buchannan in 1856

Homework

Section assessment questions on page 455#3, 4

Section 3 vocabulary on page 464

Section 3 – Abolition and Women’s Rights

Vocabulary Abolition – the movement to end slavery Underground Railroad – series of escape routes used by

slaves leaving the South Suffrage – the right to vote Seneca Falls Convention – convention for women’s rights

held in Seneca Falls, New YorkPeople

Fredrick Douglas – African-American abolitionist and journalist who spoke out for slave’s rights

Sojourner Truth - African-American female abolitionist and journalist who spoke out for slave’s rights and women’s rights

Harriet Tubman – ‘conductor’ on the Underground Railroad who helped lead slaves to freedom

Elizabeth Cady Stanton – woman who helped organize the first women’s rights convention

Abolitionism

What: the movement to end slavery; from the word ‘abolish’ meaning ‘to do away with’ or ‘destroy’

When: beginning in the late 1700s; more strongly in the mid-1800s

Who: whites in the North; African-American leaders like Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth

Where: most abolitionists came from the North How: journalists and political leaders wrote and

gave speeches about the evils of slavery and encouraged people to push for its end

Why: By the mid-1800, many people had come to disagree with slavery on moral grounds, believing it was wrong to ‘own’ another person

Helping Slaves Escape

Some abolitionists helped slaves escape the South using the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman

Women’s Suffrage

What: women fighting for the right to voteWhen: starting in the mid-1800sWho: abolitionists who also wanted women’s rights;

Elizabeth Cady StantonWhere: in the North at first; first convention at

Seneca FallsHow: the women and other supporters at Seneca

Falls made their own ‘Declaration of Independence’ saying the all “men AND women are created equal” and asking for more civil rights

Why: people who were asking for African-American rights also realized women were not treated fairly either and everyone should have the same rights as white males

Homework

Section assessment questions on page 471# 3 &4

Key idea questions on page 474 - #9, 13 & 14

Key idea questions from chapter 13 - #16, 18, 20 & 23