Mr. MarshColumbus North High School

Where rivers played a major role in the development of Mesopotamia and other River Valley Civilizations the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea developed the City-States of Greece

Mountains and Valleys Greece is apart of the

Balkan Peninsula Mountains divide the

peninsula into many isolated valleys

The Seas Hundreds of bays

create safe harbor for ships

Seas allowed for trade and communication with other civilizations

A. offering vast, open plains subject to invasion.

B. encouraging unity among the city-states.

C. providing good harbors and bays that encouraged trade.

D. encouraging farming but limiting foreign trade.

Polis-City plane developed by the Greeks City was built on two levels

Top Level stood the acropolis Temple dedicated to the City-States god or goddess

Second Level stood the market place, public buildings houses

A. the Greek empireB. the Greek nationC. the state called Greater GreeceD. independent city-states

Early Greek city-states were lead by a monarchy Ruled by king or Queen

As nobles became more powerful the monarchies left and the development or an aristocracy came into play Rule by the landowning elite

With the creation of a middle class we saw the development of a oligarchy Power in the hands of a small, powerful elite

typically the business class

By 650 B.C. iron weapons replaced bronze Iron was cheaper and

stronger then bronze More people could

afford weapons which in turn meant more people could be apart of the city-states army

Creation of the Phalanx Massive military

formation

Ares-Greek god of War People of Sparta were

Dorian's Found in Peloponnesian Slaves that were

prisoners of war and state-owned were known as Helots

Helots far outnumbered citizens of Sparta so strict control and a brutal punishment system existed

Government Sparta was governed by a monarchy of two

kings and a council of elders

An assembly was made up of citizens Citizens were native-born males over the age of

30

Sparta was a Military State Sick children were left to die

At age seven boys began to train and they moved into military barracks

At age 20 they could marry but could not move out of the military barracks until the age of 30

Girls were expected to exercise and strengthen their bodies Strong women made strong boys which

made a strong military

Women had to obey their fathers and or husbands Women could inherit property as well as

run family estates because of men being off at war

Located in Attica, just north of Peloponnesus

During the years of Athens aristocracy wealth and power grew

As aristocracies became to powerful discontent spread across Athens which lead to a democracy

A. a democracyB. an aristocracy.C. a monarchy.D. a tyranny.

Appointed archon (AHR kahn) or chief official in 594 BC

Outlawed slavery for debt Opened high offices to more citizens Granted citizenship to foreigners Economic Reform

Encouraged trade

Tyrants-people who gained power through force

Tyrants often gained power by granting aid to the merchant class

Tyrant meant person in power does not mean ruler

Pisistratus (ps SIHS truh tuhs) seized power in 546 BC Took land from the nobles and gave to the poor Created government building projects which gave

poor people jobs Cleisthens (KLIS thuh neez)

Created a council of 500 First legislature

Law making body All males over the age of 30 were members of the

assembly

Male citizens could participate in congress

Boys attended school (if the families could afford it)

Studied to become great public speakers Music, poetry, reading, writing, and arithmetic

Well to-do women lived in seclusion Wove, cared for their children and

prepared food

Poorer women worked outside the home tending sheep and working as spinners, weavers and potters

Even though each city-state was independent the Greeks shared a common culture Spoke the same language Same ancient heroes Common festivals Same gods and goddess