THE CONSERVATIVE

TIDEMr. Bermudez Mrs. Kypers

CHAPTER 33 OBJECTIVE Students will be able to understand the political and

social events of the 1980’s and early 1990’s

Core Curriculum Content Standards The government pursued conservative

economic and social policies during Reagan’s Presidency

The Soviet Union’s collapse ended the Cold War and brought major changed

to the U.S foreign policy

Events in the Middle East continued to trouble the U.S

INTERACT WITH HISTORY It is the autumn of 1980. You are a campaign manager

for Republican presidential candidate, Ronald Reagan, former film star and past governor of California. Reagan must defeat President Jimmy Carter, who has lost support. Carter has failed to bring home the hostages in Iran and to revive the economy. Reagan, an optimist, pledges to do both. He also plans to cut taxes and cut back on government programs.

What campaign slogan will you create?

What qualities in your candidate will win support?

What issues are important?

How can you present Reagan as a winner?

A CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT EMERGES

Why did conservative values re-emerge in the 1980’s?

How did Reagan come into political power?

“Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.” –Reagan Political Slogan

What does this mean? Do YOU agree?

CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT BUILDS What are Entitlement Programs? $300

billion annually

Issues with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. How might this be an issue?

Very skeptical

THE NEW RIGHT Focus on controversial social issues

AbortionEqual Rights Amendment Court-ordered bussing

Return to school prayerOutlawed in 1962 by Supreme Court

Do you agree or disagree?

NEW RIGHT’S CRITICISMS

Affirmative Action: What is this?

Reverse Discrimination: How might this be?

CONSERVATIVE COALITION

Business leaders, middle-class voters, disaffected Democrats, and fundamentalist Christian groups

Belief that conservative policies and principles appealed to the majority of voters.

Goal: Shrink size of Gov Family values/patriotism Reduce government intervention in economy Cut taxes Strengthen national defense

MORAL MAJORITY Evangelical and Fundamentalists who

interpreted the Bible literally and believed in absolute standards of right and wrongCondemned liberal attitudes and behaviorsDemanded restoration of traditional moral valuesReduce divorce rateReduce # of unmarried couples Increase individual responsibility

People watching Televangelists- Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson

CONSERVATIVES WIN POLITICAL POWER

Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale receive Democratic nominationEven though low ratings

Ronald Reagan and George Bush receive Republican nomination

REAGAN’S QUALIFICATIONS

Originally a New Deal Democrat

Became more conservative

Claimed he did not leave the Democratic Party but rather the party had left him

Spokesman for General Electric

Campaigned for Barry Goldwater-1964

Became Governor of California in 1966

1980’S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Key issues on Supreme Court decisions Abortion, pornography, teaching of evolution, and

prayer in schools Reagan becomes likely candidate for

conservatives

Prolonged Iranian Hostage Crisis

Weak economy and high inflation

CHARM OF REAGAN Very charismatic-ACTING CAREER

Can simplify issues and present clear-cut answersGreat Communicator

Commitment to economic and military strength

“A recession is when your neighbor loses his job, a depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.”

CRASH COURSE http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=2h4DkpFP_aw

SECTION 33-2CONSERVATIVE POLICIES UNDER REAGAN AND BUSH Reagan pushes for reduction in income tax

and MAJOR REDUCTION IN GOVERNMENT SPENDING

Three Parts of “Reaganomics” Budget CutsTax Cuts Increased defense spending

“REAGANOMICS” TAKES OVER

Decrease influence of federal government = encouragement of private investment

Cuts in spending for social programs NOT ONES FOR MIDDLE CLASS- social security,

Medicare, veterans pensionsCongress slashed 10 % for other groups

Urban mass transit, food stamps, welfare benefits, job training, Medicaid, school lunches, and student loans

TAX CUTS Supply-Side Economics: George Gilder Arthur

Laffer People pay less in taxes, they will save more

money.Banks can loan this saved money to businesses

which would invest money in resources to improve productivity

Supply of goods would then increaseDriving down prices

Reagan pushed congress to cut taxes by 25 % over a 3 year period

“Trickle-Down” Theory

INCREASED DEFENSE SPENDING

Between 1981-1984 Defense Department’s budget DOUBLED

Reagan pushes scientist to develop a defense system to keep Americans safe

Strategic Defense Initiative: Known as Star WarsCould blow up enemy missiles before reaching

USADefense Department estimated it to cost trillions

RECESSION AND RECOVERY

July 1981- November 1982- worst recession since Great Depression

1983 economy reboundsConsumers go on spending spree thanks to tax

cuts, lower interest rates, and lower inflationStock Market surged, unemployment declined,

GNP went up 10%

NATIONAL DEBT CLIMBS Tax cuts had helped the rich

Poor hurt because of loss of social programs

Massive military spending caused deficit to outstrip the federal reserve

THE INFLATION STAGECOACH

JUDICIAL POWER SHIFTS TO THE RIGHT Reagan appoints more conservative faces to

Supreme CourtSandra Day O’Connor Antonin Scalia, and Anthony

M. KennedyO’Connor is the first woman appointed to court

DEREGULATING THE ECONOMY

Deregulation: what does this mean? Is this good? Price controls for oil Health and safety inspections for nursing homes Airline industry Saving and loans industry

Cut the budget of the Environmental Protection Agency

Sold public land to private developers

Opened drilling on continental shelf for oil and gas drilling

CONSERVATIVE VICTORIES IN 1984 AND 1988

By 1984 large coalition of supportersBusinesspeople: wanted deregulation of economySoutherners: welcomed limits of the federal powerWesterners: resented federal controls on mining

and grazing Reagan Democrats: agreed on limiting the federal

government and thought the Democratic Party had drifted too far left

1984 ELECTION Ronald Reagan and George Bush: Republican

nomination

Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro: Democratic nomination Ferraro is the first female candidate on a major

party ticket

Economy was strong

Reagan wins

ELECTION OF 1988 Many Americans economically comfortable-

credit Reagan and Bush for this

Bush runs for officeMany continue to support him “read my lips: no new taxes”

Opponent is Michael Dukakis

Bush wins. Lowest turnout due to attack ads.

33-3 SOCIAL CONCERNS IN THE 1980’S

Major concerns includeHealth EducationSafety

Americans direct attention toAIDSDrug AbuseAbortionEducation

HEALTH ISSUES Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

(AIDS)1960’s spread throughout worldVirus which destroys immune system Weakens the body People become prone to infections and rare

cancers Transmitted through bodily fluids

Early victims: homosexual men, intravenous drug users, some infected by contaminated blood transfusions

Awareness heightens, prevention and cure become important

ABORTION Roe V. Wade: 1973 1st trimester legal abortion

Pro-life movement: life begins at conceptionWhat do you think?

Webster v. Reproductive Health Care Services: states have the right to impose new restrictions on abortion. As a result abortions restrictions varied from state

to state

DRUG ABUSE Some argue that drugs should be legalized

Weaken the power of gangs who made a living off of selling drugs

Reagan administration launches war on drugsNancy Reagan: “Just say no!” Campaign

EDUCATION

A Nation at Risk: report that American students lagged behind other students in industrialized nations Indicated that 23 million Americans could not

follow a manual instruction or fill out an application

Commission organized- suggests more HW, longer school days, extended school year Increased pay and merit raises for teachers Greater emphasis on English, Math, Science,

Social Studies, and Computer Science

THE URBAN CRISIS More people leaving cities for suburbs in the

1970’sBusinesses follow: taking jobs and tax revenues

High unemployment rates, crumbling infrastructure, deteriorating schools, and social tensions were common in citiesRodney King beaten by 4 white police officersVerdict not guilty 1992 race riots in South-Central Los Angeles

THE EQUAL RIGHTS STRUGGLE

Women have political losses and gainsFailure of the Equal Rights Amendment only

getting 35 out of 38 states to ratifyMore female candidates like Geraldine Ferraro House of Representatives had an increase of

females from 23 to 47 Senators 2 to 6 Appointments to cabinetWomen still under-represented

INEQUALITY “feminization of poverty”

57.8% of women working by 1992Women only made 75 cents to every dollar a man

madeFemale college graduates only made slightly more

than that of high school male graduates Many women live in poverty

Pay Equity: jobs would be rated on the amount of education needed, the amount of physical strength needed to perform a task. Pay rates would reflect the job’s requirements

THE FIGHT FOR RIGHTS CONTINUES African Americans: serve as mayors, sheriffs,

school boards, state legislators, and members of congress

L. Douglas Wilder: 1st African American governor- VA

Jesse Jackson runs for Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988

Affirmative action under fire

GAINS FOR LATINOS

Like African Americans, Latinos gain more positions of power in the 1980’sLauro Cavazos- Secretary of Education Dr. Antonia Coello Novello- Surgeon General Bilingual EducationVoting Rights Act

NATIVE AMERICANS SPEAK OUT

Reagan slashes government funding of health, education, and other services

Need for new revenuesCertain Native American tribes open up Casinos

ASIAN-AMERICANS 1982 8.3 million Asian Americans

Low crime rates, low school dropout rates and low divorce rates

Unemployment was higher than the national average

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

1970’s and 1980’s gay men and lesbians fight for civil rights

Set backs: Conservative opposition and AIDS

Late 1980’s early 1990’s activist demand an end to anti-gay discrimination

Success in 1993 7 states and 110 communities outlawed such discrimination

33-4FOREIGN POLICY AFTER THE COLD WAR

Changes in the Communist world

America influences Central and Caribbean affairs

Iran Contra Scandal

Persian-Gulf War

REFORMS IN THE USSR Mikhail Gorbachev: 1985

Glastnost: Openness – criticism – freedom – press Perestroika: Restructuring – economic – political

Need to improve relations with the USA INF Treaty: 1987 eliminated two classes of

weapons systems in Europe. Allow for each nation to check each other

COLLAPSE OF COMMUNIST REGIMES

Eastern Europe begins to split up

1989 East Germans tear down the Berlin Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDFX-dNtsM

October 3rd 1990 Reunification of Germany

Czechoslovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Yugoslavia

SOVIET UNION DECLINE/COLLAPSE Democracy leads to nationalism

December 1991 14 nations declare independence from USSR

74 years of the Soviet Union total collapse

COMMUNISM CONTINUES IN CHINA

Early 1980’s China underwent economic reforms

Eliminated price controls

Students demand freedom of speech

Tiananmen Square: student demonstration, Statue of liberty Ordering of military intervention

CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN POLICY U.S supports pro-American governments only

Nicaragua: U.S presence since 1911 Instilled Dictator Anastsio Somoza 1933 Revolution 1977-1979

Somoza’s National Guard Sandinistas Somoza government is toppled Carter Recognizes new regime

1981 Reagan believes this is a Soviet outpost Throws support behind Contras: because they are against

Sandinistas CIA stationed: without congressional approval

Boland Amendment: banning all military aid to Contras for 2 years

CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN POLICY

Grenada Believed to support Communist CubaU.S sends direct military force to accomplish aims

Panama President Bush sends 20,000 soldiers to Panama General Miguel Antonio Noriega involved in drug

scandal Flown to Miami to face trials Yankee Imperialism Beneficial

MIDDLE EAST TROUBLE SPOTS

U.S not very successful here

Iran-Contra Scandal: U.S sold illegal arms to Iran sent profits to financially back the contras in Nicaragua Violated the Boland Amendment

Persian Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait and loots it, heads for Saudi Arabia, possibility of Iraq controlling 50% of world’s known oil reserves Operation Desert Storm: liberate Kuwait,

massive air strike on Iraq