Mr Beaumont

Violence In Sport

Mr Beaumont

Objectives

• Consider player violence and spectator violence

• Understand why and how violence occurs

• Recap the causes of violence within sport

• Understand strategies to deal with violence in sport from the NGB, leadership and individual perspective

• What is hooliganism, what causes it, where it happens and how to combat it

Mr Beaumont

Questions

Hooliganism has effected football for over 40 years

Define the term ‘hooliganism’ and discuss the reasons why it may occur? (4 marks)

What steps have been taken to reduce the incidences of hooliganism (3 marks)

Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example football, both on and off the pitch.

Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)

Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the law during their sporting careers. (4 marks)

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Violence in Sporthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBjg5FKnyVU

Watch this video, on your white boards write down any thoughts that spring to mind

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Violence In Sport

Violence between players:

There are two types:

Spontaneous outburst

Premeditated action (planned)

Give some examples from the video we have just seen

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Causes of Violence Between Players

Think back to ‘changing behaviour’, on your whiteboards write down what you can remember for what causes aggressive/violent behaviour

•Genetic

•Frustration – leads to aggression

•Loss of Identity

•Socially Learnt

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Dealing with Violent Behaviour

Who is responsible for dealing with violent player behaviour?

•Individual Performer

•National Governing Bodies NGB’s (e.g the FA, RFU)

•Leaders – Coaches, managers and captains

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NGB’shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82ZWIFnTp9Q

NGB’s are keen to diminish violent player behaviour from their sport’s .

NGB have a duty to protect the victims of violent behaviour by another player

Police are increasingly becoming involved in the war against violence in sport but NGB’s would rather be seen to sort the problems out themselves

Action NGB’s can take are:

•Support match officials with decisions•Punish players post match•Citing system•Good examples as role models•Fair play awards•Training of officials

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Leadership ResponsibilitiesCoaches, manages and captains have a huge responsibility with dealing with player conduct

People in leadership roles can:

•Set good examples

•Establish a code of conduct

•Punish players who fail to meet code of conduct

•Praise good role models

•Keep volatile players away from high stress/arousal situations

•Stress management for players

•Understand player arousal levels

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Individual Performer

Individuals are ultimately in charge of there own behaviour. They must establish there own clear guidelines and moral /ethical behaviour within sport

Performers do this through social learning. To develop a good code of practice a performer can:

•Be exposed to good roles models from an early age

•Receive good expectations from parents, managers etc..

•Understand how to control arousal

•Knowing how to avoid anger or frustration causing situations

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Violence Among Spectators

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Spectator Violence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn6CNLi3UhA

Again watch this video, on your white boards write down any thoughts that spring to mind

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Spectator Violence

What sport is spectator violence / hooliganism been a problem in for the last 50 year?

Football

‘Hooligans use football as a stage and a justification for the abusive and violent acts they are involved in!!!’

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What is Hooliganism?

In pairs discuss what you would expect as hooligan behaviour, come up with as many idea’s as you can think of? (2 minutes)

It is defined as:

•Racist or obscene

•Fighting with other groups

•Vandalism

•Interference with match

•Violence against non-hooligans

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Hooligan Conflicts

Hooligan conflicts are often

•Pre-organised

•Looking for conflict with authority

•Strongly linked to consumption of alcohol

•Large scale involving lots of people, known as the ‘herd’

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Places

On your whiteboards write down one place that you can think of where hooligan behaviour may take place

Hooligan behaviour can take place in:

•Football stadiums

•Streets near stadiums

•City centres

•Local pubs

•Abroad

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Causes of HooliganismNo explanations can fully explain what causes hooligan behaviour the explanations are said to be multi-casual.

Some explanations: (I want you to give me a counter argument THINK!!!)

Ritualistic - Show of masculinity as part of a group

Outlet for the working class

Tribal behaviour – protecting their ‘patch’

Changing fan base – working class to middle class and wealthy

Tension on the pitch acts as a trigger to passionate fans

Affiliation to extreme political groups

Local derby's + excessive nationalistic feeling inflame passion

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Why Football?!!?

In your opinion why is this behaviour mainly a problem

in the sport of football?

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Strategies to Combat Hooliganism

Prevention of travelling and entry (countries and stadiums)

Alcohol control – No serving in grounds and early pub closing times

Fan segregation

Improved level and training of police and stewards

CCTV – Improved information gathering

Sharing Police intelligence uk to abroad and visa versa

Players not allowed to make gestures to crowd

Punishing clubs (and fans) for poor fan behaviour

Use high profile role models to better sporting behaviour – Kick racism campagin

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUW1C_RkzFU

Rednapp on adebayor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQvguzCi01U

Adebayor celebration

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Last Bit.....

• Make notes on pages 263 and 264 regarding the effects violence has on individuals, sport and wider society

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Mr Beaumont

Question 10Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example football, both on and off the pitch.16 Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)1. Over-strong desire to win/over arousal/pressure2. May be encouraged/asked to do so by coach/team mates/pressure fromsponsors/crowds3. Player loses control due to action of opponents/refereedecisions/retaliates/frustration4. Player lacks moral/ethical restraints on personal behaviour5. Financial rewards6. Importance of game/cup final/equivalent17 Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the lawduring their sporting careers. (4 marks)1. Opposition player fouls/protection from violence2. Off field of play – contracts with employers/administration of wages/assets/Bosmanruling3. Sponsorship deals/commercial deals4. Protection from media intrusion into private life5. Protection from hooligans during and after games6. Maintenance of restricted areas during training/competitions7. Protection from racism/equal opportunities