mr. atsushi hanatani senior research fellow jica research institute
DESCRIPTION
Session 2.1.2. Accelerating WASH Reform and Improving Governance Japan’s experience with promoting improved O&M governance in Africa. Mr. Atsushi Hanatani Senior Research Fellow JICA Research Institute Japan International Cooperation Agency. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mr. Atsushi HanataniSenior Research FellowJICA Research Institute
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Session 2.1.2. Accelerating WASH Reform and Improving Governance
Japan’s experience with promoting
improved O&M governance in Africa
Japan’s contribution to Water Supply and Sanitation Sector (2003-2005)
2003 2004 2005 Total %
Japan 1,039 709 1,938 3,687 37%
US 106 955 1,017 2,077 21%
Germany 350 424 402 1,176 12%
Netherland 112 147 257 516 5%
Denmark 57 249 176 482 5%
France 169 176 114 458 5%
Others 522 379 612 1,513 15%
DAC Total 2,356 3,039 4,515 9,910 100%
Million USD
Source: OECD/DAC・ CRS Database
Japan’s contribution to Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Million USD
Japan
USA
Germany
Netherland
Denmark
France
Year
Regional Distribution of JICA’s cooperation in Water Supply and Sanitation (1998-2007)
15%1%
49%
17%
4%
14%
Asia
Middle East
Africa
Europe
Pacific Region
Central/SouthAmerica
2%2%
16%
31% 19%
30%
Technical Assistance Total USD 978 million
Grant Aid Projects Total USD 1,840 million
No. of Water Supply Facilities Constructed by Japan (1993-2007) in Africa
FACILITY TYPE QT.
Borehole fitted with Handpump 10,898
Piped Water Supply System 917
TOTAL 11,815
Sector Reform and O&M in Africa- Sustainability in Question -
• A follow-up survey in Zambia by JICA indicates 30% of the RWS facilities are down (14% for those assisted by Japan) and approx. 30-50% are assumed to be in trouble in Africa (RWSN 2004 & 2005)
• Positive sign - issues of O&M of RWS facilities has attracted attention in Sector Programme and Sector Reform
• Historically, limited government involvement in O&M esp. in East and Southern Africa, and lesser public involvement in Western Africa
• Main approaches of O&M: Decentralisation and Privatisation
• Hasty reform without sound assessment of capacity at different levels (public, private and local) is causing confusion in some countries
Support by JICA for improved O&M Governance in Africa
• Technical cooperation support provided by JICA focusing on O&M system improvement and capacity development in 9 African countries
– Burkina Fasso– Ethiopia – Madagascar– Mozambique– Sierra Leone– Senegal– Rwanda– Tanzania– Zambia
Issues and Concerns • Inefficiency in water service delivery feared to be
caused by:– engagement of unqualified private enterprises as O&M
service providers mixed with inadequate supervision by government
– excessive retrenchment of public sector technical personnel and budget reduction, further aggravating government supervisory and technical backstopping capacity
– increased water tariff in less-populated area to justify economic feasibility of privatization of O&M services
• Culminating in reduced sustainability of water supply as well as inequitable access of safe water to the poor and the less-advantaged in the society
JICA’s Approach to Support Improved O&M Governance in Africa
In Senegal,• Supporting government policy of promoting
participatory user group (“ASUFOR”) formation by strengthening their technical and management capacity;
• Enhancing monitoring and technical backstopping capacity of the government agencies to better support ASUFOR; and
• Advocating differentiated approach of privatization according to the size and the existing O&M capacity of the community
JICA’s Approach to Support Improved O&M Governance in Africa
In Zambia,• Supporting RWS sector reform in terms of improved
O&M framework by establishing O&M guidelines to be used by all stakeholders;
• Strengthening supply chain network of handpump spare parts by entrusting municipal water corporations to function as stockist and retail shops for rural communities; and
• Training village mechanics (“area pump menders”) to enhance their technical skills of repairing handpumps
• Sound assessment of stakeholder capacity is a must before making decisions on the scope, contents and the pace of major reform in O&M system
• Provision of options for the beneficiaries to choose from is also important in terms of facility management structure and the scope and the pace of privatization
• Gradual and differentiated approach taking full recognition of the context may prove right in advancing further governance reform in RWS sector
Implications and Insights