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TRANSCRIPT
Grade 9 Science
Unit 4: Space
Chapter 11: We continue to learn a lot about the solar system by using space exploration.
Name: ________________
Section #: ______________
The Sun
· Average sized _______________.
· Millions of ________ away.
· 300,000 more ____________________ then Earth, 99% of all mass in our __________________ ____________________.
· Approximately 5 ___________________ years old with 5 ________________ more to go.
The huge size of the sun causes _____________________ to build up at the _______________ of the sun as _____________________ pulls the mass _______________.
Thermonuclear Reactions turn: H (______________________) He (__________________) giving off ____________ , Light, and UV _____________________________ in the process.
Solar Radiation
E (energy) ______________________ from the sun in the form of __________________________ Radiation....E that is ___________________ or radiated in the form of ______________ that range in ________________.
Ex:________________________, _________________________, ___________________, ____________________
The ___________________ is located in the “________________________ _______________”, not too __________, not too ______________, just right!
Sunspots
Dark _______________ of slightly cooler (_______________) surface areas on the sun, they ____________________ and _____________________ in number on an 11-yr ______________. They may be related to ___________________ in the Earth’s climate.
Solar Flares
Eruptions of ___________ on the suns surface – can ___________ a few hours, temperatures increase up to ____________________creates solar ______________.
Solar Wind
Hot E bubbles “pop” on the _________________ of the sun and________ high E particles rushing past _____________. Earth is __________________ from this solar wind by its ________________ field. Some of the _________________ enter the Earth’s _________________________ at the poles where they ______________ with the gas in the atmosphere to create _________________ (Northern/Southern Lights).
Some solar winds can ___________ Earth’s magnetic field and ______________ satellites, knock out ____________ lines, and expose astronauts to high levels of ___________________.
The Planets
To be a planet you must...
· Orbit 1 or more ___________.
· Be large enough so its _________________ holds it in place.
· Be the only ______________ in its ________________ path.
Astronomical Units (AU)
· Used to ___________________ distances in space.
· 1 AU = 150 million km (the distance from the ______________ to the _________ )
Pluto
· Now considered a __________________________________.
· A celestial body ______________________ the sun that is generally __________________ than a planet but massive enough for its own _________________ to give it a round shape. However they are not strong enough to clear their ________________ of __________________.
· There are many other “dwarf planets” some are _____________________ and some like _________________ have moons.
Comets
· “_____________________________” composed of ice, rock, and gas.
· Originate from the ____________________ belt and Oort _________________.
· They travel in long _____________________ orbits around the sun which are __________________ by the gravitational _________________ of other planets.
· It has a long ____________ tail as sunlight starts to melt the ____________, these can stretch ______________________ of kilometres.
· Most famous __________________ comet which is visible every ____________ years or so.
Periodicity of Comets
· “Period” is the amount of ____________ it takes an ________________ in orbit to return to its ___________________ location.
· Comets travel in _______________ and ______________ periods around the sun in ______________________ orbits.
Asteroids
· Small bodies _______________________ to be the leftover remains of the _______________________ of the Solar System.
· Mostly found in an _______________________ belt between Mars and ____________________.
· They have _________________________ shapes.
· Range in size from a ___________________ of sand up to ______________________.
· An asteroid up to 1 km would ________________________ Earth.
Meteors
· Meteoroid: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
· Meteor: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
· Meteorite: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Deep Impact Sites
· A place where a ________________________ small object (meteorite) has _______________________ with a larger object. (planet)
· Produces a fairly ________________________ depression in the ____________________ of the larger ____________________ referred to as an impact ______________________.
Comprehension Questions
1. What are the three effects the Sun can have on the Earth?
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2. What material makes up most of the Sun’s mass?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. A) What causes thermonuclear reactions?
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B) What chemical change occurs during a thermonuclear reaction?
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C) What are the effects of a thermonuclear reaction?
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the name of the dark areas on the photosphere of the Sun?
________________________________________________________________________
5. Define solar wind.
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6. A) What are the names of the light phenomena that occur in the sky at the North and South poles?
________________________________________________________________________
B) Explain why these occur.
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7. What is the hottest layer of the Sun?
________________________________________________________________________
8. Why would a solar wing be fatal to organisms on Earth?
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9. How is Earth protected from solar wind?
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10. What is meant by the term “Goldilocks Zone”?
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11. What forces must be balanced in order for a star to continue to shine?
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12. What three conditions must be met for a celestial body to be classified as a planet?
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13. Name two planets that do not have moons.
________________________________________________________________________
14. How many planets in the solar system have liquid water, ice, and clouds?
________________________________________________________________________
15. Where are asteroids formed?
________________________________________________________________________
16. How are meteors formed?
________________________________________________________________________
17. Which planet...
a) Has the shortest day? ___________________________________________________
b) Is called the red planet? _________________________________________________
c) Has an atmosphere composed of almost all carbon dioxide? ____________________
d) Rotates flipped on its side? ______________________________________________
e) Has an extreme temperature range of 400 to 183? _______________________
f) Is closest to the Sun? ___________________________________________________
g) Is furthest from the Sun? ________________________________________________
18. How do we believe the Earth’s moon formed?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
19. What is a dwarf planet? Name five.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. What does NEAs stand for?
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21. Where is the Kuiper belt found?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. A) Describe the composition of a comet.
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B) How does the tail of a comet form?
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23. What is a shooting star?
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24. What is the main purpose of a rocket?
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25. What creates the thrust of a rocket?
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26. What is the purpose of the payload section, structural system, guidance system, and propulsion system of a rocket?
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27. Why is the International Space Station referred to as “international”?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
28. Define the term microgravity.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29. What is Canadarm 2 and what can it do?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
30. What are some of the advantages of Dextre?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
31. What are the main differences between Canadarm 1 and Canadarm 2?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
32. Define the term artificial satellite.
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33. What factors must be taken into consideration when designing a spacesuit?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
34. State the differences between the following:
A) Satellites and probes.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B) Optical telescopes and radio telescopes:
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35. Other than communication, list three ways that satellites help scientists.
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36. Why are communication satellites placed in a geosynchronous orbit?
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37. Give two reasons why a probe would be sent to another planet before a human world.
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38. Why did the robotic space rovers that were sent to Mars have to be programmed to solve problems on their own rather than be totally controlled by scientists on Earth?
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39. When referring to astronauts floating in their spacecrafts, why is the term “freefall” a better term than “zero gravity”?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
40. What is the main difference between a refracting optical telescope and a reflecting telescope?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Describe a disadvantage of using a telescope positioned in space.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Why are radio telescopes used?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 11 Key Terms
Create a list of 10 Key Terms or phrases from the descriptions below. Then find the words and phrases in the puzzle.
1.the Sun’s 3000 km thick layer of hot (6000–20 000°C), low-density gas (12 letters)
2.meteors that enter Earth’s atmosphere and reach Earth’s surface (9 letters)
3.the hot and energetic gases in the Sun’s corona that are ejected in a sudden burst and rush past Earth (5 letters,4 letters)
4.a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is generally smaller than a planet but massive enough for its own gravity to give it a round shape (5 letters, 6 letters)
5.a telescope that gathers and focusses light to provide a magnified view (7 letters, 9 letters)
6.takes place when a planet passes in between Earth and the Sun (7 letters)
7.an orbit that appears to sit above the same place on Earth (14 letters, 5 letters)
8.a small body believed to be leftover remains of the formation of the solar system (8 letters)
9.a space vehicle sent to other celestial bodies (5 letters)
10.a robotic space explorer that can be programmed to carry out tests that humans would otherwise make (5 lters)
Chapter 11 Practice Test
Goal•Check your understanding of Chapter 11.
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1.Which of the following statements about the Sun is false?
A.In the photosphere, hot gas rises to the surface, cools, and then sinks back into deeper layers.
B.Solar prominences are large loops of super-hot gas that extend out from the Sun’s surface.
C.The corona is the innermost part of the Sun.
D.The dark patches on the Sun’s surface are called sunspots.
2.What is the temperature of sunspots?
A.about 10°C
B.about 3500°C
C.about 25 000°C
D.about 100 000°C
3.Which of the following could be damaged by space weather?
A.buildings
B.Earth’s orbit
C.satellites
D.wetlands
4.Which of the following statements does not describe an astronomical unit?
A.about 150 million km
B.equal to one light-year
C.the average distance between the Sun and Earth
D.used to measure distances in the solar system
5.Which of the following are sometimes called shooting stars?
A.asteroids
B.comets
C.meteors
D.planets
6.Which of the following statements about optical telescopes is false?
A.can be affected by cloudy weather, air and light pollution, and distortion caused by heat and the atmosphere
B.collect wavelengths that are longer than those of light
C.use lenses to gather and focus light
D.use mirrors to collect light and project the image to an eyepiece lens
7.Which of the following planets has the least mass in our solar system?
A.Jupiter
B.Neptune
C.Saturn
D.Venus
8.Which of the following parts is not a component of a rocket?
A.frame
B.guidance
C.payload
D.rover
Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the right. Each Descriptor may be used only once.
Term
Descriptor
_____ 9.asteroid
_____ 10.comet
_____ 11.dwarf planet
_____ 12.meteorite
_____ 13.Oort Cloud
_____ 14.rover
_____ 15.solar wind
_____ 16.thermonuclear reaction
A.a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is smaller than a planet but massive enough for its own gravity to give it a round shape
B.a process where two or more atoms fuse to create a different, larger atom, as well as a tremendous amount of energy
C.a robotic space explorer
D.a source of comets
E.high-energy particles from the Sun’s corona that rush past Earth
F.meteoroids that land on Earth’s surface
G.rocky material composed of ice, rock, and gas
H.small body that is believed to be leftover remains of the formation of the solar system
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