mprhgd lec9 urbanization
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to UrbanizationTRANSCRIPT
1
Urbanization
2
bull Definition amp Indicators of urbanization
bull Historical and emerging trends in urbanization in different world regions
bull Urbanization trends in developing and developed countries
bull Demographic causes of urban growthbull demographic health environmental and
social consequences of urbanization
bull policy options to deal with urban challenge in developing countries
Lecture covers
_______________________
3
Definitions__________________________
bull Urbanization Increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas
bull Urban growth refers to an increase in the physical size of an urban area
bull Countries differ in their definitions
4
Definitions__________________________
bull Generally refers to population living in any place (eg towns) 2000 or more especially if the population is non-agricultural
bull Some countries also have a middle category designated as lsquoSemi-Urbanrsquo
bull Percent Urban Population living in urban areas expressed as a percentage of the arearsquos total population
bull Singapore is 100 urban while Rwanda is only 5 urban
5
Definitions__________________________
Metropolitan Area A large concentration of population usually an area of 100000 or more people with an important city at its core plus suburban and exurban areas that surround the city and are socially and economically integrated with it as measured by commuting patterns
bullRefers to size and economic integration not density of settlement
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
2
bull Definition amp Indicators of urbanization
bull Historical and emerging trends in urbanization in different world regions
bull Urbanization trends in developing and developed countries
bull Demographic causes of urban growthbull demographic health environmental and
social consequences of urbanization
bull policy options to deal with urban challenge in developing countries
Lecture covers
_______________________
3
Definitions__________________________
bull Urbanization Increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas
bull Urban growth refers to an increase in the physical size of an urban area
bull Countries differ in their definitions
4
Definitions__________________________
bull Generally refers to population living in any place (eg towns) 2000 or more especially if the population is non-agricultural
bull Some countries also have a middle category designated as lsquoSemi-Urbanrsquo
bull Percent Urban Population living in urban areas expressed as a percentage of the arearsquos total population
bull Singapore is 100 urban while Rwanda is only 5 urban
5
Definitions__________________________
Metropolitan Area A large concentration of population usually an area of 100000 or more people with an important city at its core plus suburban and exurban areas that surround the city and are socially and economically integrated with it as measured by commuting patterns
bullRefers to size and economic integration not density of settlement
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
3
Definitions__________________________
bull Urbanization Increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas
bull Urban growth refers to an increase in the physical size of an urban area
bull Countries differ in their definitions
4
Definitions__________________________
bull Generally refers to population living in any place (eg towns) 2000 or more especially if the population is non-agricultural
bull Some countries also have a middle category designated as lsquoSemi-Urbanrsquo
bull Percent Urban Population living in urban areas expressed as a percentage of the arearsquos total population
bull Singapore is 100 urban while Rwanda is only 5 urban
5
Definitions__________________________
Metropolitan Area A large concentration of population usually an area of 100000 or more people with an important city at its core plus suburban and exurban areas that surround the city and are socially and economically integrated with it as measured by commuting patterns
bullRefers to size and economic integration not density of settlement
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
4
Definitions__________________________
bull Generally refers to population living in any place (eg towns) 2000 or more especially if the population is non-agricultural
bull Some countries also have a middle category designated as lsquoSemi-Urbanrsquo
bull Percent Urban Population living in urban areas expressed as a percentage of the arearsquos total population
bull Singapore is 100 urban while Rwanda is only 5 urban
5
Definitions__________________________
Metropolitan Area A large concentration of population usually an area of 100000 or more people with an important city at its core plus suburban and exurban areas that surround the city and are socially and economically integrated with it as measured by commuting patterns
bullRefers to size and economic integration not density of settlement
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
5
Definitions__________________________
Metropolitan Area A large concentration of population usually an area of 100000 or more people with an important city at its core plus suburban and exurban areas that surround the city and are socially and economically integrated with it as measured by commuting patterns
bullRefers to size and economic integration not density of settlement
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
6
Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
7
Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends___________________________
bull Worldrsquos urban population is growing 60 million a year
bull Urbanization-the dominant demographic trend of the past half-century
bull In 1950 760 million of the worldrsquos people lived in cities which almost tripled to 27 billion by 1998
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
8
World Urbanization Trends___________________________
Year
world population(in billion)
world urban population(in billion)
Percent Urban
1950 25 08 30
1970 37 14 37
1990 53 23 43
2010 68 35 52
2030 81 50 61
2040 86 56 65Source UN Population prospects the 1998 revision
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
9
World Urbanization Trends_________________________
bull Proportion urban of the global population has increased from 13 in 1960s to 47 in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 by 2040
bull The percent urban population in less developed countries more than doubled from 18 in 1950s to 40 in 2000
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
10
33
57
9019
9
5
4834
5
0
1020
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1950-1975 1975-2000 2000-2025
Perc
en
t
Urban (LDC) Urban (MDC) Rural (All countries)
Sources UN Urbanization prospects 1998
Share of World population growth in Urban and rural areas 1975-2025
___________________________
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
11
Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
Africa Asia Europe LAC North Amrica
SourceUN Urbanization prospect 2007
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
12
Regional Trends in Urbanization___________________________
bull Africa is currently least urban but most rapidly urbanizing
bull In next quarter century increases in world urbanization will be attributed to Asia and SSA as MDR and Latin America have already been highly urbanized
bull Increasing urbanization levels accompanied by concentration of urban population in larger cities-the share of urban population living in million plus cities will increase from 10 in 1975 to 20 in 2015
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
13
Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more
__________________________
Year Cities Year Cities
1950 New York (123) 1975 Tokyo (266)
Tokyo (113) New York (159)
Mexico City (107)
2007 Tokyo (357) 2025 Tokyo (364)New York (190) Mumbai (264)Mexico City (190) Delhi (225)
Mumbai (190) Dhaka (220)
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
14
Graphic Changes_____________________________________
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
15
Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries
__________________________
bull High urban growth ratesbull Mismatch between population and
resource distributionbull Rural over population bull Existence of small and scattered
villages bull International migration
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
16
Population Distribution in some selected Countries
________________________
bull Rural-urban distribution most important feature of population distribution within these countries
bull Percent urban for Asia increased from 168 in 1950 to 397 in 2005 with highest urban pop (66) in Japan in 2005 Bangladesh has 257 urban population while Sri Lanka has only 15 Both India and Pakistan have slightly higher urban population
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
17
Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC
__________________________
bull The levels of urbanization in LDC lag 75 years behind MDC
bull Taking place at lower level of economic development
bull Based on lower mortality and high fertility
bull Involves many more people
bull Governments are trying to intervene to modify it
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
18
Demographic Sources of Urban Growth___________________________
bull Natural increase within city dwellers
bull Net in-migration mainly due to rural to urban migration
ndashthe relative contributions of natural increase and net migration to urban growth depends on urban economies and urban fertility levels
bull Reclassification of urban boundaries to encompass formerly rural population
bull Circular migration leading to seasonal fluctuation in the cities population
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
19
Demographics of Urban Population___________________________
bull Sex ratiobull Age structurebull Household size
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
20
Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio
___________________________
bull Sex selectivity of rural-urban migration Depends upon
ndashRelative urban job opportunities for men and women
ndashFamily norms regarding migration of men and women
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
21
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
22
bull Sex ratio in of several Asian countries
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
23
Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure
___________________________
bull Smaller proportion of very young (lt5 years) and very old (gt65years) than rural populations due to
ndashLower urban fertility than rural fertilityndashHigher proportion of young adults
among rural-urban migrantsndashRetirement to rural areas in old age
bull Result Relatively higher proportion of population in economically active ages
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
24
Consequences of Urbanization Demographic
____________________________
bull Invariably lower fertility in urban areas due to
ndash Higher cost of child rearing
ndash Social norms more conducive to small families
ndash Better availability of FP services
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
25
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Urban health advantage makes enormous disparities between urban poor and rich
ndashInfant mortality (or other indicators of health) may be worse in urban slums and squatter settlements compared to rural areas
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
26
Consequences of Urbanization Health___________________________
bull Is urban health advantage narrowing over time
bull Double burden of diseasendashTraditional diseases of developing countries eg malnutrition Malaria TBndashDiseases associated with modernization eg obesity road accidents cancerndashDiseases associated with overcrowding and pollution eg asthma mental diseases
bull Prime locations of newly emerging killers notably HIVAIDS
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
27
Consequences of Urbanization Environmental
___________________________
bull Heavier death tolls due to natural disaster like earthquakes hurricanes etc
bull More vulnerable to flooding and storm damage
bull Higher levels of environmental pollutionbull Contribution to global warmingbull However many of these can be minimized
by appropriate urban planning and management
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
28
Consequences of Urbanization Economic
__________________________
bull Engines of economic development bull Density of population offers
significant cost advantage for delivery of essential goods and services
bull Increase in use of basic resources such as energy and water
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
29
Consequences of Urbanization Social___________________________
bull Imbalance between urban population size and employment opportunities urban infrastructure housing -growing inequalities-civil unrest crime
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
30
Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options
___________________________
bull Measures directed at slowing urban growth
OR
bull Measures directed at improving administration governance and management
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
31
Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth
___________________________
bull 1048714Is there an optimal city size
bull 1048714Over-urbanization
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
32
Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options
__________________________
bull Rapid urbanization inevitablebull Ironically current policies focus on reducing
in-migrant flows though natural increase is equally responsible for contributing to rapid urban growth
bull Options good management and governance
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
33
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nationsbull No cities there grow much fasterbull 1940s-50s
ndash More than 4 average annual gain in developing nations
ndash Compared to 2 average annual gain in industrialized nationsrsquo heyday of urbanization
bull Cause is not urban-rural migration but insteadndash Natural population growth in country as a wholendash Developing country cities have improved
mortality rates and only slightly lower fertility
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
34
Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized
Nations
ndash No decline in rural population as occurred in developed countries
ndash Problem the rapidly growing population in countryside has been absorbed to a good extent by cities leaving country side to be farmed more productively and cities are taking care of some of the problems associated with fast-growing population
ndash Rapid growing population requires the same amount of land to feed more people than before
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
35
Bangladesh Slum Clearance__________________________________
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
36
Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria
___________________________________
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
37
Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
38
Los Angeles at Night_______________________________________
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-
39
Land Use In LDC____________________________________
- Urbanization
- Slide 2
- Definitions __________________________
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Rural-urban migration as a result of push and pull factors
- Worldrsquos Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends ___________________________
- World Urbanization Trends _________________________
- Slide 10
- Regional Trends in Urbanization 1950-2050 ______________________________
- Regional Trends in Urbanization ___________________________
- Population of Urban Agglomerations with 10 Millions or more __________________________
- Graphic Changes _____________________________________
- Population Spatial Distribution and Concerns in Developing countries __________________________
- Population Distribution in some selected Countries ________________________
- Comparing Urbanization in MDC and LDC __________________________
- Demographic Sources of Urban Growth ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population ___________________________
- Demographics of Urban Population Sex Ratio ___________________________
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Demographics of Urban Population in LDC Age Structure ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Demographic ____________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Health ___________________________
- Slide 26
- Consequences of Urbanization Environmental ___________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Economic __________________________
- Consequences of Urbanization Social ___________________________
- Meeting the urbanization Challenge Policy Options ___________________________
- Policy Options Slowing Urban Growth ___________________________
- Urbanization in Developing Countries Policy options __________________________
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Urbanization in Underdeveloped Nations Mirror the Experience of Industrialized Nations
- Bangladesh Slum Clearance __________________________________
- Recycling as a Way of Life - Waste Collecting as Survival in Lagos Nigeria ___________________________________
- Petrona Towers Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Los Angeles at Night _______________________________________
- Land Use In LDC ____________________________________
-