moving beyond line graphs: a (brief) history and future of eco-feedback design
DESCRIPTION
I gave this talk at Behavior, Energy and Climate Change 2010 in Sacramento, CA. I briefly introduce energy feedback (eco-feedback) displays, provide a critique of the current (over) reliance on time series line graphs, and point out directions for the future. If you're interested in this topic, see my webpage for more: http://bit.ly/jonuwTRANSCRIPT
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Moving Beyond Line Graphs
@jonfroehlich
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Feedback is about empowering people with information to positively inform and change behavior
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the prius effect?
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• Immediate• Simple • Educates • Constrained
environment • Reason to care • Informs only one action
why is the prius effective?
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the prius effect?
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1976
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Kohlenberg et al., J. of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1976
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kitchen
Kohlenberg et al., J. of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1976
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kitchen
Kohlenberg et al., J. of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1976
• Immediate • Simple • Educates• Constrained
environment • Reason to care • Informs only one action
the lightbulb effect?
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kitchen
Kohlenberg et al., J. of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1976
• Immediate• Simple • Educates• Constrained
environment • Reason to care • Informs only one action
the lightbulb effect?
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2010
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12
• Talk about feedback intervention• Talk about energy savings from
feedback studiesFeedback results in
energy savings of between 5-
12%Darby, 2000; Abrahamse, 2005; Fischer, 2008; EPRI 2009
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13
• Talk about feedback intervention• Talk about energy savings from
feedback studiesBut we’re still unsure what aspects of
feedback are most effective
Darby, 2000; Abrahamse, 2005; Fischer, 2008; EPRI 2009
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data update frequency
cost to implement
low high
Residential Electricity Use Feedback: A Research Synthesis and Economic Framework, EPRI 2009
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data update frequency
cost to implement
low high
Residential Electricity Use Feedback: A Research Synthesis and Economic Framework, EPRI 2009
OPower PG&E Website
The Energy
Detective
EnergySavvy.com
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data update frequency
cost to implement
low high
-10
0
10
20
30
Perc
ent
Savi
ngs
Type2 Type3 Type4 Type5 Type6
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17
• Talk about feedback intervention• Talk about energy savings from
feedback studies
More information != More Behavior
Change
Darby, 2000; Abrahamse, 2005; Fischer, 2008; EPRI 2009
Data Presentation > Data Update Frequency
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Feedback du jour line graphs
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TED The Energy Detective
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Google PowerMeter
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Yello Strom
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Wattson Holmes
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Lucid Design Group
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Microsoft Hohm
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High cognitive burden on person. Why?
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How much time per day do we expect people will spend exploring their consumption behaviors?
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How much time per day do people spend exploring their finances?
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financially prudent8.4 hrs/mo 16.8 min/day less financially successful4.6 hrs/mo 9.2 min/day
me (grad student)0.5 hrs/mo 1 min/day
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< 1 min
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How actionable is this information?
Line Graphs
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which door do i push, which door do i pull?
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which door do i push, which door do i pull?
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which door do i push, which door do i pull?
pull push
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which door do i push, which door do i pull?
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Norman door!
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affordance refers to the perceived properties of a thing that determine just
how that thing could possibly be used
don norman
vertical handle cues pull behavior
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FAIL #1
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FAIL #2
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FAIL #3
FAIL #4
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affordances affect our perception of use
can affordances change our behavior?
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In-N-Out Burger!
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Battle of the Cans
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Battle of the Cans
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Winner!
34%
increase in
recyclingDuffy, Environment and Behavior,
2010
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Duffy, Environment and Behavior, 2010
Holes constrain
behavior and also
remind what is
recyclable
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What does this have to do with feedback?
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Perceptual affordance refers to the perceived properties of a thing that determine how that thing is used
Flat textured surface affordspushing!
Vertical handle affords pulling
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Motivational affordance refers to the perceived properties of information that determine how that information is acted upon
Highly effective at stopping drivers
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Motivational affordance refers to the perceived properties of information that determine how that information is acted upon
Highly effective at stopping drivers
Informatio
n
that affords a
n
action
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analytics engine for personal spending
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How much money do I spend per month on Starbucks?
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starbucks spending
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This type of inquiry is not possible with current energy feedback systems; it needs to be.
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Future
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Feedback system provides dissaggregated feedback
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itemized energy feedback
image credit: sidhant gupta
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Hot Water Heater
Consumes 19% of Your House’s
Energy
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Feedback system suggests lowest effort actions for greatest efficiency gain
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Replace Your Hot Water Heater
with a Tankless System and
Save $250/yr
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You are losing $250/yr by using this water heater
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< 1 min
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See also: CHI 2010 talkhttp://bit.ly/jonuw
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See also: these two papershttp://bit.ly/jonuw
Best Paper!
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fresh off the presses:http://bit.ly/jonuw
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photo credits
first/last slide: flickr code poetslide 6: trinity university, class of 1976slide 11: monctonbloggerslide 18: remarkably domesticslide 25: flickr grant mitchellslide 27,28,30,71: flickr tonyvcslide 47: steve foon imagesslide 48, 51: loston wallaceslide 49,51: flickr conbon33 slide 50,51, 52, 53: flickr sillgywailo
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Moving Beyond Line Graphstwitter:
@jonfroehlich
design:use:build: ubicomp lab
university of washington sustainability researchuniversity of washington