mountain rescuer ski monitor
DESCRIPTION
ÂTRANSCRIPT
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Invest in people!
EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND
Sectoral Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 - 2013
Priority Axis 3 "Increasing adaptability of workers and enterprises"
Key Area of Intervention 3.3 " Development of partnerships and encouraging initiatives for
social partners and civil society."
Project Title: “Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications in Romania
(IMI PQ NET Romania)"
Contract no. POSDRU/93/3.3/S/53132
GUIDE FOR THE CERTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION OF CERTAIN PROFESSIONS
IN THE TOURISM, LEISURE AND SPORTS SECTOR,
MOUNTAIN RESCUER,
SKI, SNOWBOARDING AND SNOW SLIDING SPORTS MONITOR
Author: Paula POSEA
General Domain II
GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA
Ministry of Education European Union
GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA
Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and
Elderly
MASOPHRD
European Social Fund
SOP HRD
2007-2013
Structural Instruments
2007 - 2013
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 3
1. Regulatory situation in Romania and other EU member states 4
1.1. Regulatory situation in Romania of Mountain Rescuer, 4
1.2. Regulatory situation of Ski Monitor in Romania and other EU member
states
5
2. Validation / certification of competencies procedures applied by the
competent authorities of the countries where the profession is regulated
8
2.1 Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the
profession of mountain rescuers in Romania
8
2.2. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the
profession of mountain rescuers in Italy
9
2.3. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the
profession of Ski Monitor in Europe
12
2.3.1. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski
Monitor in Romania
13
2.3.2. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski
Monitor in Austria
14
2.3.3. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski
Monitor in Germany
14
2.3.4. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski
Monitor in Italy
16
3. Processes of recognition of qualifications acquired in other EU Member
States
18
3.1 The process of recognition in Romania of the qualifications of mountain
rescuer and ski monitor acquired in other EU Member States
18
3.2 The process of recognition in Italy of the qualifications of ski monitor
acquired in other EU Member States
18
3.3 The process of recognition in Germany of the qualifications of ski
monitor acquired in other EU Member States
19
SOLVIT 22
Conclusions 25
List of abbreviations used in the paper 26
Bibliography 27
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INTRODUCTION
The guide for the certification and recognition of certain professions in the tourism, leisure
and sports sector, respectively the mountain rescuer and ski, snowboarding and snow sliding
sports monitor is one of the results of the IMIPQNET project that aims to support the
competent authorities that manage these professions.
Within the IMI PQ NET Romania project there have been analyzed and developed, together
with the competent authorities, the procedures for validation and certification of competences
and qualifications recognition processes for each regulated profession and there have been
developed common procedural elements for each competent authority. Through their
aggregating and synthesizing there have been established common procedural elements on
each domain and, on this basis, there have been developed standard procedures for validation
and certification of competencies covering all regulated professions and recognition of
qualifications.
The analysis was performed for Romania and another 8 EU MS (Austria, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands and Spain). There were performed
researches in the European legislation and of the countries concerned on the modality to
acquiring the qualifications, vocational education and training system, types of documents
(diplomas, certificates, attestations of competency, etc.) which may be obtained for the
certification preparation, regulations regarding validation, certification and recognition of
qualifications, regulated professions under Directive 2005/36/EC on recognition of
professional qualifications.
For some of these countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands and
Spain) were organized within the project study visits with the participation of the experts from
the working groups set within the project, and experts from the Ministry of National
Education and National Qualifications Authority. During these visits it was extended the base
of information collection during the meetings with the representatives of the competent
authorities of the host countries.
The purpose of this analysis is to facilitate the responsible institutions but also to the
stakeholders, the knowledge and understanding of the profession (profession) analyzed in
several European countries, compared to Romania with the purpose of legislation adaptation
and facilitate mobility in the European labour market. This guide is based on the standard
terms of reference for guidance of the procedures for validation and certification of
competences and of recognition of qualifications processes, developed within the project and
validated in the workshop of the working groups held in Sinaia in the period 24 to 27 April
2013.
Realization of the guide for the certification and recognition of mountain rescuer and ski,
snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor aims to:
• Support the competent authorities of Romania in their efforts to standardize the certification
and recognition of regulated professions they manage by informing them about the practices
of other EU Member States;
• Inform all persons who have acquired qualifications in their field of activity in Romania and
want to practice the profession in one of the EU Member States presented in the guide.
In developing these guide we received the support of the representatives of the two competent
authorities in the Working Group for the General Domain II of the IMIPQNET project, to
whom I wish to thank.
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1. Regulatory situation in Romania and other EU member states
1.1. Regulatory situation in Romania of Mountain Rescuer,
Mountain rescuers profession is considered in different manners in the Member States of the
European Union, being regulated profession only in Romania [2]. The work of mountain
rescuers is in most countries an mixed organized activity with permanent employees, seasonal
employees and partners - volunteers, the latter being however well remunerated for their
services or benefiting from reductions of taxes. Mountain rescuers in Europe are organized in
over 60 institutions or public services at national, regional level or associations that ensure
accident prevention, mountain emergency services for tourists and educational activities on
the security / safety of travel on the mountain. The lists of these institutions are on the website
of the International Alpine Rescue Committee IKAR- CISA, http://www.ikar-cisa.org. [1]
In Romania there is the National Association of Mountain Rescue in Romania-ANSMR, first
degree member of the International Alpine Rescue Committee, CISA-IKAR, and which
according to the Law no.200 / 2004 [2] is the competent authority for the profession in
Romania.
The mountain rescuer occupation is registered in the Classification of Occupations in
Romania [3] Minor Group 541-Workers in the protective services, with code 541 904. For the
occupations included in this group, the level of education / training requested is secondary
education.
In Romania mountain rescuers profession is regulated by Law no. 200/2004 supplemented by
GEO no. 109/2007, but it is not regulated in all Member States of the European Union.
In Romania this profession is assigned to regulated professions for which period of study is
less than 3 years of higher education [2].
The Government Decision no. 77/23 January 2003 establishing measures for mountain
accident prevention and the organization of rescue in the mountains specify some of the duties
of the National Association of Mountain Rescuers in Romania-ANSMR regarding the
training, evaluation and authorization of Mountain Rescuer and the conditions for access to
the profession as follows:
The National Association of Mountain Rescue in Romania has, in the field of prevention of
accidents and mountain rescue activity organization in the mountains, the following tasks:
a) coordinate from technical point of view the activity mountain rescue across the country,
with the power to issue binding technical norms in mountain rescue activity;
b) organize the qualifying examination in the profession of mountain rescuer;
c) organize training forms of mountain rescuers;
d) organize periodic certification examinations of the mountain rescuers;
e) confers and withdraw the right of free practice in the profession of mountain rescuer;
f) impose the disciplinary sanctions to its members;
g) organize special teams of mountain rescuers;
h) perform any other functions provided by its statute.
The National Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania is recognized as a public utility
association.
A mountain rescuer can become any person who meets the following conditions:
a) is aged 18 years;
b) does not have a criminal record;
c) has a good health condition confirmed by medical records;
d) has undergone the professional training types and completed a training post-graduate
course, established by the National Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania;
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e) has a decent and moral conduct;
f) has passed the qualifying examination in the profession organized by The National
Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania.
Mountain rescuers are required to attend at intervals set by The National Association of from
Romania Mountain Rescue to the exams for reconfirm the right to practice the profession of
mountain rescuer.
Non-participation or failure in examinations provided voids the free practice of the mountain
rescuer profession [13].
Among the analysed countries Italy has one well defined similar profession Operatore di
soccorso alpino (mountain rescue operator).
1.2. Regulatory situation of Ski Monitor in Romania and other EU member states
In Romania the occupation ski, snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor is registered in
the Classification of Occupations in Romania [3] Minor Group 342-Workers in the field of
sports and physical training, with code 342 214. For occupations included in this group, the
requested level of education / training is secondary or post-secondary.
Ski Monitor profession (Ski Instructor) is not yet regulated in Romania, but is regulated in
Switzerland and 3 EU Member States (Austria, Germany, Italy) as shown in the picture below
[4].
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm
Although in our country it is not yet regulated profession, Romania is a signatory, along with
other 8 MS, of the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for
a professional card that will issued to the ski instructors [5].
The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aims to establish a pilot project for issuing
professional cards for professional ski instructors in the context of Directive 2005/36/EC on
the recognition of professional qualifications.
The Memorandum of Understanding shall apply between the nine EU Member States, namely
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and the United
Kingdom. As regards Italy, the memorandum does not apply to autonomous provinces of
Bolzano and Trento. At this point, the Memorandum of Understanding does not involve other
European Union member states. The Memorandum of Understanding aims to replace and ease
the national complex and comprehensive requirements regarding the professional recognition
of professional ski instructors which are who currently applied by EU Member States
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mentioned above. As a pilot project, the memorandum of understanding has limited
application in time.
The MoU applies from 15 September 2012 until 30 June 2013. Therefore, it is a pilot project
whose effect should be tested during a winter season.
The Memorandum of Understanding provides that the ski instructors who have passed
"Eurotest" and gained in their home Member State the safety competencies in accordance
with the "Euro-Security” test requirements as well as pedagogical competencies for the
highest degree of qualification as a professional ski instructor pilot will receive a professional
card in their country of origin.
Professional card will be recognized by all nine EU Member States applying the MoU. This
will allow ski instructors benefit from automatic recognition of their qualifications in these
countries [5]
The national contact point is in Romania CNRED, www.cnred.edu.ro
In Table no.1 is presented the situation of these professions in accordance with Directive
2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications
Table no.1
MS Profession title
SM/EN/RO Competent Authority Name Qualification Level
Recognition
according to
Directive
2005/36/CE
ROMANIA - - - -
AUSTRIA
Schneesportlehrer /
(Ski
instructor)/instructor
de schi
BUNDESLÄNDER (details
available from Contact
Point Bundesministerium
für Wirtschaft, Familie und
Jugend/Regiuni/ details at
contact point
Ministry of Economy,
Family and Youth
SEC – Certificate which
certify graduation of secondary course , Art.
11 b
General system of
recognition – first
application
GERMANY
(Skilehrer/in) /
Ski
instructor/instructor
de schi
Zentralstelle für
ausländisches
Billdungswesen/ Central
Bureau of Education
Lennénstr. 6
53113 Bonn
SEC - Certificate which
certify graduation of
secondary course , Art. 11 b
General system of recognition – first
application
ITALY
Maestro di sci;
snowboard/Ski
instructor/monitor
de schi şi
snowboard
Presidenza del Consiglio
dei Ministri
Ufficio per lo Sport/
Presidency of the Council
of Ministers, the Sport
Office Via del Corso n. 184
(Galleria RAS) - Scala B -
00186 Roma
Tel: +39 06 6779 7995
Fax: +39 06 6779 6198
www.sportgoverno.it/come-
DSE - Diploma (post-
secondary education), including Annex II (ex
92/51, Annex C,D) , Art.
11 c
General system of
recognition – first
application
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MS Profession title
SM/EN/RO Competent Authority Name Qualification Level
Recognition
according to
Directive
2005/36/CE
fare-per/maestri-di-sci---
snowboard.aspx
In terms of professionals mobility between member states of the European Union, the two
graphs from Figures 1 and 2 show that the top five countries from which people qualify as ski
monitor (Great Britain, France, Germany, Slovenia, Romania) and who requested
establishment in the host countries are Italy and Austria where their qualification was
recognized.
Figure no. 1 shows as a graph the top five countries of origin for individuals qualified as ski
monitor. Fig. 2 shows the countries where these qualified individuals have established to
practice and where they were qualification obtained in the country of origin was recognized.
In Table no.2 is illustrated the number of recognitions / individuals who migrate and
established in another country for the period 2001/2002-2011, the top five countries of origin.
The charts are based on statistics provided by MS and are updated according to the search
criteria entered (2001/2002-2011 period, all MS) [4].
Figure no. 1 The five countries where the professionals have migrated and acquired
qualifications
Table no. 2
Qualification
obtained in
Recognition in the host country
Austria Italy
Austria - 6
Germany 11 3
Romania - 13
United Kingdom 3 35
8
France - 15
*) Figures no.1 no.2 and Table no.2 were made by the author by processing the data on EC
website
Figure no.2 first countries in which professionals have recognized their qualifications
For temporary mobility during 2010 for the host country Austria there were 10 applications,
four from Slovenia and 6 from United Kingdom.
2. Validation / certification of competencies procedures applied by the competent authorities
of the countries where the profession is regulated
2.1 Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of
mountain rescuers in Romania
In Romania, according to HG nr.77/23 January 2003, the initial and continuous training,
certification and validation of competences of the mountain rescuer are under the
responsibility of the National Mountain Rescue Association in Romania (ANSMR). ANSMR
Statute [14] establishes that this organization:
- organize the qualifying examination in the profession of mountain rescuer;
- organize training forms of mountain rescuers;
- organize periodic certification examinations of the mountain rescuers;
- confers and withdraw the right of free practice in the profession of mountain rescuer;
The Association has a training base in Padina of Bucegi Mountains, where there are provided
training and certification conditions for the mountain rescuers. The training programs as well
as the certification/attestation procedures are not accessible as official public documents on
the association's website.
2.2. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of
mountain rescuers in Italy
In Italy, the mountain rescuer is not a regulated profession, the mountain rescuers activity was
organized by the CNSAS- Corpo nazionale soccorso alpino e speleologico ("National Body
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for Alpine and Speleological Rescue"). The activity of this organization is organized under
Law No. 74 of 21 March 2001, published in the Official Gazette No. 74 of 29 March 2001,
amending Law no. 91 of 26 January 1963. Italy recognizes the value of social solidarity and
the role of public utility service to the CNSAS and of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI).
The CNSAS is an operative structure of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) that possesses
functional autonomy and patrimony organizational within the meaning of Article 6 of Decree
Law no. 419/99 [6].
The CNSAS as national operational structure of the National System of Civil Protection based
on the Law nr.225 of 24 February 1992, modified successively, contributes to the rescue in
case of disasters together with the civil protection structures as part of their technical and
institutional expertise. The CNSAS also works closely with the National Health Service.
Vocational training, professional certification as well as periodic verification of the technical
functioning of the CNSAS dogs units are governed by the national schools mentioned below.
Training, certification, regular update and verification activity is attested by registering in the
personal logbook. The organizations operating in the alpine and speleological rescue may, by
special arrangements with the CNSAS, to provide technical training staff. The CNSAS
propose to the National Civil Aviation Safety Authority (ENAC) the certification of persons
qualified as helicopter rescue technician.
Within the CNSAS the following national schools are identified and recognized:
a) National School of alpine rescue techniques
b) National School of speleological rescue techniques;
c) National School for emergency physicians in the mountain environment;
d) National School for emergency physicians in the underground environment;
e) National School for avalanche research dogs;
f) National School for research on surface dogs;
g) National School for canyons rescue;
h) National School for supervisors of rescue operations.
The national schools activity is regulated by specific operational regulations. The following
identified and recognized qualifications are provided by the National Schools mentioned
above:
a) mountain rescue technician-TESA;
b) helicopter rescue technician;
c) avalanche dogs conductor
d) surface search dogs conductor;
e) emergency physician in the mountain environment;
f) emergency physician in the underground environment;
g) rescue technician in caves;
h) rescue technician in canyons;
i) director of rescue operations [6].
To access one of these qualifications is mandatory an initial training as mountain rescue
Operator (OSA- Operatore di soccorso alpino) [7].
The certification procedure as mountain rescue operator (OSA) of the CNSAS
(1) The applicant submit an application to the provincial authorities completed their
mountaineering curricula, medical certificate and sworn statement on climbing abilities and
downhill ski.
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(2) The candidate participates in a technical / practical assessment (V1) to demonstrate the
alpine abilities declared in the application. The evaluation will focus on: rock climbing with at
least 4 ° difficulty on the UIAA system, integrated crampons travel by slope up to 60 °,
preparation of an anchorage, all snow ski, elementary climbing manoeuvres with
mountaineering strings etc...
(3) If the evaluation is successful, the applicant is enrolled in the list of CNSAS aspirant’s
volunteers of the province. In this capacity it will participate in next 12 months in all activities
of the body as an observer, presenting their own attitude towards institutional goals and
objectives. During this period, it will participate in the OSA training course within the
CNSAS.
(4) At the end of the OSA course, it will take part in the final exam for acquiring the
qualification. After having acquired the OSA qualification and it is considered appropriate in
terms of aptitudes, it will be inserted on the CNSAS list of the province.
Training program content - Evaluation for acquiring the qualification of MOUNTAIN
RESCUE OPERATOR (OSA)
1. Selection (2 days)
Selection on the rock (1 day)
Rock climbing on head rope on a 4 ° UIAA trail
Preparation of the workshop and execution of double rope descent
Preparing of the anchorage point using natural and artificial points
Knots, methods of self-insurance and insurance of teammate on the rock
Selection on ice-snow side (1 day)
Movement with crampons on mixed and classical ground
Preparation of the anchorage point on snow and / or ice
Movement uphill and downhill with touring ski on different types of snow
2. Training Module (6 days)
2.1 Training on the rock (2 days)
• testing rock climbing for the route 4 ° UIAA difficulty
• natural and artificial Insurance
• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance
• Descent into double rope
• Individual descent with the junction rope and load
• Systems of catching up with lifting devices (configuration of lifting pulley)
• Installation and use of rescue stretcher.
2.2 Training on the snow (2 days)
• Techniques of ascent and descent with ski mountaineering equipment on different types of
snow
• The use of ARVA equipment (analogue and digital)
• Sensitivity test trial the using avalanche probe
• Systems of individual and team survey
• anchoring / insurance points on snow
• Presentation and use a stretcher to transport injured on snow covered ground
2.3 The training on ice (1 day)
• Movement with integral crampons on ice and snow and / or mixed (possible paths of
multiple lengths)
• Basic Knots
• Work In chord on ice and mixed terrain with ice / snow
• anchoring / insurance points on ice
• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges
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2.4 Training for the search of the missing (1 day)
• guidance on land using the cartographical materials and specific instruments (altimeter,
compass and GPS)
• methodology and search technique
• simulation of missing persons search intervention on various types of land
• radio communication
3. Assessment module (2 days)
3.1 Assessment of the rock - search the missing (1day)
• testing rock climbing route 4 ° UIAA difficulty
• natural and artificial anchors
• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance
• Descent in dual chord
• Individual descent junction rope and load
• System recovery lifting devices (configuration of lifting pulley)
• Installation and use of transport stretcher
• practical test search the missing (verification basic concept)
3.2 Assessment of the snow-ice training (1day)
• Move with integral crampons on ice and snow and / or mixed (possible paths of multiple
lengths)
• Basic Knots
• Techniques of ascent and descent with ski mountaineering equipment on different types of
snow
• anchorage systems on ice
• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges
• Test the search in avalanche with the ARVA
• Intervention techniques in avalanche
4. Checking the qualifications of the O.S.A.
4.1 Verification of Working on the rock (1 day)
• testing rock climbing route 4 ° UIAA difficulty
• natural and artificial anchorages
• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance
• Descent in double rope
• Individual descent with the junction rope and load
• Systems of recovery with lifting devices (configuration of lifting devices pulley)
• Installation of mountain rescue stretcher
• Search the missing practical test (verification of basic concept)
4.2 Checking Working on snow-ice (1day)
• Movement with the integral crampons on ice and snow and \ / or mixed
• Basic Knots
• Techniques of ascent and descent of the ski mountaineering equipment on different types of
snow
• anchorage systems on ice
• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges
• Test search with the ARVA avalanche
• Intervention techniques in avalanche
It was presented all this procedure in Italy [7] because it is similar to that practiced in
Romania for assessment, certification and validation of a mountain rescuer.
From analyzes conducted and discussions with the representatives of ANSMR in within the
workshops carried out by the project revealed that the procedure practiced in Romania is close
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to that of Italy. But it is necessary that ANSMR to publish this procedure through its site to be
accessible to those interested.
2.3. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of Ski
Monitor in Europe
In most countries of the European Union the ski and snow sports monitors competencies are
subject to regulations. This is necessary because these competencies are related to a number
of risks. There are however notorious differences in the training the ski and snow sports
monitors between the different EU countries. An agreement signed on 28.03.2000 by ten
professional associations requires that the mandatory training to contain three modules:
Technical Skills, Snow and security and communication competences.
Considering the dangers that come with the practice of these sports, the training requirements
must be maintained at the highest possible standard.
The exercise of this profession the protection of customers requires acquisition a number of
competencies considered as essential technical skills. If is necessary, the needed adaptation
measures must be monitored and validated by testing professional competence in order to
justify an level sufficient to those defined by the laws and regulations. This allows the safe
and neutral assessment of knowledge and practical abilities
EUROTEST professional competence examination is the best way to ensure that the
candidate has at the same time techniques and aptitudes to implement rescue and first aid
devices.
In the decisions of 25.07.2000 and 01.06.2001 and on a request for derogation made by
Germany, France, Italy and Austria to the Article 14 of the Directive 92/51/EEC for
recognizing some vocational training the field of sport, the Commission recognizes that the
profession ski and snow sports monitor are of a particular danger and thus ensuring the
security may be invoked as a reason of general interest.
According to this decision, the Member States concerned are authorized to derogate the
migrant right to chose freely among an aptitude test and an adaptation period, if his training
shows substantial differences with respect to what is required in the host Member State and
this gap can not be met through professional experience. According to the European
Commission the EUROTEST aptitude test is a reliable and objective verification of how the
candidate acts in a real situation. Established after 2000, the EUROTEST is since then
implemented for all participants with complete transparency and in a totally professional
manner. This ensures in particular high competence of the organizations they manage in
Germany, France, Italy and Austria.
The module of ski technique introduced by France, Britain, Italy and Austria and which is part
of the aptitude test, corresponding to the highest demands minimal technical knowledge
required to the professional of ski and snow sports monitor. The ski monitors professional
Federations, the European Union and the competent authorities may require Eurotests results.
The Euro Security module
The technical and practical knowledge for safe mobility in the ski space and knowledge of the
alpine dangers represents an indispensable way for recognizing of ski and snow sports
monitor professions [8].
European Federation of Professional Ski Monitors -FEMPS
13
Based on the agreement of 28.03.2000 FEMPS continues the activities and the strong
partnership with the European Commission on the issue of professional qualifications.
The main activities in which FEMPS is engage represents the guarantee of high quality
required for the minimum requirements for ski and snow sports monitors (professional ski
monitors / instructors) at the level of ski schools customers' security and the implementation
of the essential adjustments of three modules provided in the agreement of 28.03.2000.
Ski Monitor Green Card
At the European level, many countries have expressed their interest in broadening the access
to "EUROTEST" of more countries in order to make easier the passing of exam for aspirants
to the profession of ski monitor.
EU Internal Market Commissioner Michel Barnier hosted several meetings with European ski
monitors representatives in order to agree to reform of EUROTEST. Austria, Belgium,
Germany, France, Romania, Spain and the UK have signed a memorandum of understanding
in February 2011 to establish a pilot project for a professional card which will be issued to the
EU ski monitors. The memorandum states that the ski monitors who have passed
"EUROTEST" and have acquired competencies in their countries of origin in accordance with
the "Euro-security" safety related test requirements as well as pedagogical competences
required for a diploma of the highest qualification will receive a pilot professional card from
home country. This professional card will be recognized by all signatories to the
Memorandum and will allow the ski monitors to benefit from automatic recognition of their
qualifications in the signatory countries.
2.3.1. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in
Romania
In the European Inventory of ski monitor vocational training conducted during the
Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for a professional card
that will be issued to the ski instructors [5], in the description of the institutional framework in
Romania, it is stated that for the training vocational of ski monitors, are authorized, under the
law, several organizations, respectively:
- Romanian Federation of ski and biathlon;
- Romanian School of Ski -ANSMR / ANSSR (undergoing authorization);
- AMPSR.
Romanian School of ski was the leader in monitoring the ski schools and the training of ski
monitors under the supervision the Romanian Federation of ski and biathlon. Romanian
School of ski official method for learning developed the alpine ski in Romania [5].
Romanian School of Ski is a national concept, unitary, developed by the National Association
of Schools of ski in Romania (ANSSR) and the National Association of Ski Monitors in
Romania (ANMSR) that aims to formalize common method system for teaching alpine ski
technique, promotion of authorized ski schools and of ski / snowboarding certified monitors.
The concept applies both to the organization and to carrying out the specific learning
activities on snow as well as in training and specialization of ski, snowboarding and snow
sliding sports monitors.
The teaching methods system of the alpine ski technique, developed by the Romanian School
of Ski, has a three gradual level structure in which there are subdivisions (classes) that
outlines the basic module (A) and the advanced (B) [15].
The three technical levels correspond to learning traineeships: Beginner (Level I),
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Intermediate (Level II) and advanced (level III) and involves specific objectives, on each
level. Within each technical level there are its division (A, B), where class A represents the
base module, namely fundamental entrance actions and B the advanced module of the
technical level. The IIIrd technical level, respectively the advanced level, has three classes (A,
B, C), where A is the base module, B is the advanced module and C is the competition
module involving initiation in the competition technique. This structure is used efficiently
both in learning as well as in control (evaluation), for easier identification of the technical
level at which is at a certain moment a trainee.
The examination for obtaining Class I (Ist Category Ski Monitor) contains:
- a theoretical and methodological test;
- EUROSECURITY test;
- EUROTEST.
The EUROTEST is introduced in the training program of Ist Category Ski Monitor and is
organized for the purpose of applying the provisions of Annex no. 1 of the Memorandum of
Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for the a professional card that will be
issued to the ski instructors [15].
2.3.2. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in
Austria
In Austria the qualification of Certified Ski Monitor (ski monitors certified by the state) is
restricted by law. Implementation of training courses for the monitors’ certification exam as is
transferred to Landesskilehrer associations. The Landesskilehrer associations and state
governments agreed with the federal government that training of the monitors to be conducted
at the Federal Institute of Physical Education (National Sports Academy-BMUKK).
Provision of training for the qualification of Certified Ski Monitor has been delegated to the
National Sports Academy in Innsbruck. The training is divided into two semesters (theoretical
and practical content). The “Euro-test” and complete Alpine training "Euro-Security” are
integral parts of the training. Polyvalent training is a major factor in the ski training organized
by the Austrian state. Participants receive training that is not only an excellent and
comprehensive education in an alpine ski but also a high quality education in snowboarding,
nordic ski and alternative snow sports (extreme sports). In addition, state graduates ski
monitors have the opportunity to complete Skiführerausbildung (training for the mountain ski
guide).
Registration requirements for the certification:
• The local ski Monitor training
• Additional training for snowboarding
• Age 18 years
• health official certificate
• aptitude test graduated positively [9]
2.3.3. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in
Germany
In Germany there are several ski monitor qualifications, depending on the level at which
activates the qualified person (local, regional, national).
The training structure of the "ski monitors" is given below for the four types of monitors.
Qualification Training organisation Training days UD (teaching units)*
The local ski monitor Regional training 14 90
15
(with basic training) course and exam in
the location of the
DSV association
Regional ski monitor Regional training
course and exam in
the location of the
DSV association
20 130
Ski monitor certified
by the association
The training and
testing at central
level through DSV
Association and the
Faculty of Sports
Science from the
Munich Technical
University
37,5 296
National certified ski
monitor
The training and
testing at central
level through DSV
Association and the
Faculty of Sports
Science from the
Munich Technical
University
National certified ski
monitor
The training and
testing at central
level through DSV
Association and the
Faculty of Sports
Science from the
Munich Technical
University
1 UD (teaching unit) is equal to 90 minutes
To access the training course for certification as authorized ski Monitor at national level it
must meet the following preliminary conditions:
• completion of a course of 5 days within a ski school for the qualification of Ski monitor aid
• accident site first aid course with a duration of 2 days
• Testing the aptitudes: ski technique, giant slalom, country ski, Pedagogy
The monitors training within the DSV, which can be divided into licensing and training is
oriented towards competitive sports activities of the sports clubs, associations and sports bases
and is divided into three or five stages. In the accordance with the DOSB authorized
traineeships, the formation takes place for the:
• First level of license for coach C.
• The second level of license for Coach B
• The third level of license coach A
in cooperation with the Training Academy of Cologne and the University of Leipzig also for:
• the fourth level diploma of certified trainer
• the fifth level for the bachelor / master in sports training in cooperation with the Academy in
Koln and the University of Leipzig
Progressive synthesis of C / B / A / Bachelor / coaching qualifications helps to their adequate
identification for promoting among these sport qualifications [10].
The following figure illustrates a training course qualifications of the coach A / B / C within
the German Ski Association
(Deutscher Skiverband-DSV).
16
Source: http://www.deutscherskiverband.de/ausbildung_dsv-card_lizenz_uebersicht_de,337.html
2.3.4. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in Italy
The law governing the profession of ski monitor (maestro de sci) is the national framework
law no. 81 of 8 March 1991 [16], which establishes the basic principles for the regional
legislation with regard to the ski monitor profession. This law states the following regarding
the ski monitor profession:
The ski monitor is the person who teaches professionally, even in a non- exclusive and non-
ongoing basis, to individuals and to groups of people, all the ski techniques and
specializations, carried out with any gear type, on the ski slopes, ski trails, and even ski tours
outside track that do not involve difficulties requiring the use of climbing techniques and
materials such as rope, ice ax, crampons
The Regions are responsible to identify and delimit the ski areas where takes place the activity
of ski monitors.
Professional Register of Ski Monitors
The exercise of the profession of ski monitor is subject to enrolment in special regional
professional associations held under the supervision of the region, by the respective regional
ski monitor college defined at Article 13
Registration must be made in the register of the region in which it intends to practice its
profession
Conditions for enrolment in the registry
Structure of vocational training for the DSV School of Coaches
Coach training C
Coach training B
Coach training A
Diploma of Certified Coach
Bachelor Master
Sport Management
17
There can be registered as ski monitors the individuals who are possession of the relevant
qualification, obtained in the manner referred to in Article 6, including the following
requirements:
a) Italian citizenship or another country within the European Economic Community
(European Union);
b) age over 18 years;
c) psychophysical ability attested by certificate issued by the local health units of the
municipality of residence;
d) possession of school diploma;
e) not have a criminal record involving the disqualification, even temporary, of exercise of the
profession, unless they participated to rehabilitation.
Transfer
1. The conditions for the transfer from a professional regional to another, as well as for
temporary authorization for other regions, different from those of enrolment, are determined
by regional laws, which can make the transfer more heavily than the requirements and
limitations of those requiring registration pursuant to Articles 3 and Article 4.
The technical-educational-cultural empowerment.
The courses are organized by the regions, with the collaboration of colleges referred to in
Article 13, as well as technical bodies of the Italian Federation for Winter Sports, according to
the norm established by regional laws.
Training content
The courses have a minimum duration of 90 days of actual teaching and provide the following
basic themes:
a. ski techniques;
b. teaching;
c. mountains hazards;
d. topographic orientation, mountain environment and knowledge of own regional territory;
e. medicine and first aid concepts;
f. rights, duties and responsibilities of the teacher;
g. laws and professional regulations
Competencies of the Italian Winter Sports Federation.
1. The Italian Winter Sports Federation, as an emanation of the National Italian Olympic
Committee defines and updates the criteria and levels of ski techniques which are the subject
of ski teaching. It shall also ensure the training and discipline of national instructors, which
represent the highly technical specialized body, for the purposes provided for in Articles 6, 7,
9, 10 and 11 of this Law.
2. The regions ensure compliance, within the courses referred to in Article 6, of the criteria
and the levels referred to in paragraph 1 of the current article, in order to ensure real equality
of technical training and teaching
Examination committees
1. The examination committees are appointed by the regions, in agreement with the regional
colleges; the technical and teaching assessment of candidates is realised by a sub-committee
composed of national instructors and ski monitors.
2. The examination tests include three sections: technical, teaching and cultural. The
examination is passed if the candidate reaches the adequate grade for each of the three
sections.
18
3. The cultural section includes, among other things, aspects relating to awareness of the
mountain hazards, first aid and the rights, duties and responsibility of the ski monitor.
Specialisations
1. Regions may establish specialized courses and examinations for ski monitors.
3. Processes of recognition of qualifications acquired in other EU Member States
For the recognition of professional qualifications the Directive provides for three regimes of
recognition, namely:
A system based on preventive harmonization of formation route and provides
automatic recognition.
This system is applicable to the professions of nurse, dentist, veterinary surgeon, midwife,
architect, pharmacist and doctor.
A system based on mutual confidence between Member States (known as de the
General System). This system is applicable to a number of professions, which can vary
between Member States since the Directive does not require Member States no
regulatory obligation. It applies when the profession is regulated in Italy and if the
professional has exercised it or is entitled to exercise it in its home country.
. The recognition is not automatic but requires a comparison between the training courses -
provided for in two countries, and also the possibility in case of "substantial differences" of
compensatory measures (aptitude test or adaptation period - Article 23 of Decree).
. A regime based on professional experience acquired in the country of origin.
The system of apply to activities of artisanal, commercial or industrial type specifically listed
in Annex IV of the Directive and lays down automatic recognition in the case they meet the
conditions expressly provided for each professional category.
3.1 The process of recognition in Romania of the qualifications of mountain rescuer and ski
monitor acquired in other EU Member States
There is no legal procedure for the recognition of qualifications in Romania for the mountain
rescuer and ski monitor held by the citizens of Member States of the European Union or the
European Economic Area and acquired by them in their home countries.
3.2 The process of recognition in Italy of the qualifications of ski monitor acquired in other
EU Member States
Italy is the first country which transposed the European Directive 2005/36/CEE into the
national legislation. The Legislative Decree no. 206/2007 repeals partially or totally the
national legislation governing the issue of recognition of professional qualifications. The text
of transposition refers to the so-called "regulated" profession and the definition of Italian
regulated professions is entrusted to art. 4, paragraph 1, letter a) of LGS no. 206/07.
Transposition of Directive 2005/36/EC norms (Directive 89/48/EC and Directive 92/51/EEC,
of the Council of Europe), in the Italian national legislation was carry out as by: Decreto
Legislativo n. 206, 6 novembre 2007, Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 261 del 9 novembre 2007,
Supplemento ordinario n. 228.
For the general system for recognition, the application for recognition is submitted to the
competent authority of the host Member State (Italy). This application must be accompanied
by a series of documents and certificates listed in Annex VII of Directive 2005/36/EC.
19
Typically, the documents required in Italy for EU citizens who wish to establish themselves in
this country are:
• A copy of a valid identity document, where there is no signature of the person concerned.
• A certified copy of the qualification of specific to the profession concerned (indicating
exams needed to determine the possible existence of significant differences from national
training referred to in Article 14 of the Directive)
• A certified copy of the specific qualifications to the activity, if it is provided by the country
in which the qualification was obtained;
• A certified copy of the enrolment in the professional register of the country in which the title
was obtained only if they are provided in this country;
• The value declaration in original issued by the Diplomatic Authority or by the Italian
Consulate in the country where he was awarded the title for which recognition is required,
stating:
1. the title has been issued by a competent authority of the country of origin;
2. The access requirements for the course (basic education);
3. the title is authorized to practice in the country where it was issued;
4. duration of the training program for that Title;
5. authenticity of the signature per title (in case of inauthenticity of the title is required
legalization by the competent authorities);
6. professional activities which enable them to exercise the title in the home country.
It should be noted in this regard that, in general, is no longer necessary this document for EU
citizens, but only for non-EU countries.
. • Certificate attesting that there are no penal obstacles in the profession or professional
exercise, issued by the competent authority of the country of origin and / or provenance.
• Certificate presenting in detail any work activity in the country of origin after graduating the
qualification for which recognition is required (including practical training periods
performed).
All the documents in a foreign language must be accompanied by a translation into Italian.
This translation must have the certified the compliance with the original text through the
Italian Embassy or Consulate in the country where the document was issued, or to be attested
under oath before an Italian court.
If a certified copy is needed, EU citizens can produce, in accordance with Articles. 47 and 76
of D.P.R. 445/2000, documents as photocopy [11].
3.3 The process of recognition in Germany of the qualifications of ski monitor acquired in
other EU Member States
In Germany the German Ski Federation with DSV Deutscher Skiverband introduced the DSV
card and license to practice DOSB. The procedure for the obtaining them is hereinafter
described [10].
I. Procedure
The applicants submit a copy of test evidence (rating grades of 2.5 or more), along with first
aid certificate, DSV card and DSV license application. A presentation of the DSV card, the
DSV basic insurance license and a valid active DOSB license for each price of the services
package. An awarding of DOSB license is possible only with the membership of the club.
II Application
Contact:
Card DSV and service license
Tel: 089-85790-450
Fax: 089-85790-451
20
e-mail: [email protected]
www.deutscherskiverband.de
cost:
Service package consisting of:
- Card DSV
- DSV basic insurance (for 1 year)
- DOSB License
The cost of benefits package: € 45
DOSB license may be issued only to club members.
Required documents:
- DSV application form (available for download as a PDF file)
- Copy of first aid certificate
- Copy of the art winter sports evaluation
- Confirmation of the club (if it is a member of a ski club)
- A passport photo
III. Recognition / Training
The learners obtain DSV-Grundstufe/Trainer - Recreational Sports C after a period of 3 years
(DOSB license: 4 years). Renewal of the license comes after a training completed (2 or 3
days), in the ski field. To record this training is a prior condition of membership of the
association.
The validity
The validity of the DSV card and DOSB license begins with the completion of vocational
training in winter sports, including the promotion of all examinations (audit trail) in
accordance with the disciplines in the DSV curriculum and is valid for 3 years / DOSB
license: 4 years (always calculated from the completion of specific training in winter sports).
IV Partner Universities
- Tuebingen University
- Berlin University
- Erding University
- Saarland University
- Potsdam University
From the analysis of the information presented is obvious the importance given in Germany
for training of ski instructors and coaches, the specialized Federation together with the DSV
Deutscher Skiverband organization and a number of universities collaborating to provide
training, certification, validation and recognition of the profession dedicated to the winter
sports. Membership of candidates to ski club and possession of DSV card and service license
are prerequisites for practicing those profession.
Standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification
Based on analysis of procedures for the recognition of qualifications for each profession
separately, it has been identified common elements of procedure for each Competent
Authority. By analyzing the elements of procedure specific to each professions, it has been
established a number of common domain-specific procedure. Based on the generalization of
the results obtained from each competent authority, and the data directly known from the
general process of recognition of qualifications / regulated professions it has been developed a
standard procedure for the recognition of regulated professions that can be represented
schematically as shown in Figure no. 3 .
21
This procedure is contained in the standard terms of reference for guidance the validation
procedures and certification of competences and processes for recognition of qualifications
obtained as a result of the project.
Figure no. 3 the standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification
4. SOLVIT
SOLVIT [12] is an on-line problem solving network in which EU Member States work
together to solve without legal proceedings problems caused by the misapplication of Internal
Market law by public authorities
SOLVIT deals with cross-border problems between a business or a citizen on the one hand
and a national public authority on the other, where there is possible misapplication of EU law.
Applicant
Applicant information
by the contact point of the host country
Submission of documents
Requested by the Competed Authority
Verification of the file content
(formal verification)
And fulfillment of the conditions (IMI)
Notifications
Supplements
If compensatory
measures are
necessary
YES NO
Is not subject to one of the
situations provided by the law no. 200
Is subject to one of the situations
provided by the law no. 200 Interview
Recognition of the
professional qualification
Fees
Elaboration of the certificate
Recording into the CA register
- Tests - Adaptation stages
- Linguistic competences evaluation
- Examination
Evaluation results rejected accepted
Rejection of recognition of the
professional qualification
* in some cases fees are perceived at the file submission and are partially returned in the qualification is not
recognized and in other cases they are collected before the interview
22
The policy areas most commonly treated by SOLVIT are:
- The recognition of professional qualifications and diplomas;
- Access to education;
- Residence permits;
- Voting rights;
- Social Security;
- Employment Rights;
- Driving licenses;
- Registration of motor vehicles;
- border Control;
- Access on the Market for products;
- Access on the Market for services;
- Establishment as an independent;
- Public Procurement;
- Taxation;
- Free movement of capital and payments.
When it is submitted a case to SOLVIT, the local SOLVIT centre (known as "home" SOLVIT
centre) will first check the details of the complaint of the applicant in order to ensure that is
really about a misapplication of internal market rules and that all necessary information was
provided. Thereafter, the case will introduced into a computer database, and the information
will be automatically sent to SOLVIT Centre in the other Member States in which the
problem occurred (known as "lead" SOLVIT centre).
The lead SOLVIT Centre should confirm within a week whether it will take the case
presented. This depends largely on whether the case is considered to be well founded and of
the existence of the possibility of being resolved pragmatically. If solving a problem involves
the repeal of a national law - and not just applying it properly - this sometimes requires formal
legal action. In some cases, however, SOLVIT can take steps to convince the Member State to
waive the application of incorrect rules even before the repeal of the law in question.
The two SOLVIT centres will work together to try to solve the problem and the "home"
SOLVIT centre will keep informed the applicant about the evolution of the case.
Hereinafter is presented the national SOLVIT centres of analyzed European Union Member
States:
Table 4.
Member State of the
European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person
Czech Republic
Odbor vnitřního trhu a služeb EU,
Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu /
Departamentul de piața internă și
politică în domeniul serviciilor,
Ministerul Industriei și Comerțului /
Department of Internal Market and
Services Policy, Ministry of Industry
and Trade Na Františku 32 CZ - 11015 Praha 1,
Tel. +420 22 4221701,Fax. +420 22 485
3079, [email protected]
Barbora Hanáková
Zuzana Bakotová
Tomáš Stehlík
23
Denmark
Danish Business Authority
(Internal Market Centre)/ Autoritatea
Daneză de Afaceri ( Centrul Piaţa
Internă),
Langelinie Allé 17 DK - 2100
Copenhagen, Tel.
+45 35 46 62 00 (the hotline)
Tel. +45 35 46 66 16
Tel. +45 35 46 66 73, [email protected]
Jens Kasper Rasmussen
Sofie Freilev
Karin Kragshave
Kristian Yde Agerbo
Germany
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft
und Technologie/ Ministerul Federal al
economiei şi tehnologiei / Federal
Ministry of Economics and
Technology , Scharnhorststr. 34-37, DE - 10115
Berlin, Fax. +49 3018
6155379,[email protected]
Lisa Teichmann
Spain
SOLVIT - España
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de
Cooperación /SOLVIT Spania,
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe şi
cooperării,/ SOLVIT Spain, Ministry
of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation,
Serrano Galvache 26
ES - 28033 Madrid, Tel. +34 91 379
9999
Fax. +34 91 394 8684,
Ana Iglesias
Ana María Hernández
Javier Pascual Pontones
Member State of the
European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person
Italy
Presidenza Consiglio Ministri
Dipartimento Politiche
Comunitarie/ Preşedinţia
Consiliului de Miniştri,
Departamentul de politică
comunitară, / Presidency of the
Council of Ministers, Department
of Community policy
Piazza Nicosia 20
IT - 00186 Roma,
Tel. +39 06 677 95 844
Fax. +39 06 677 95 044,
Giuseppina VALENTE
Francesco CIPRI
Massimo SANTORELLI
Nederlands
SOLVIT Nederland
Ministerie van Economische Zaken,
Landbouw en Innovatie/ SOLVIT
Olanda, Ministerul Afacerilor
Economice, Agriculturii și Inovării /
SOLVIT Netherlands, Ministry of
Koen van Ginneken
24
Economic Affairs, Agriculture
and Innovation
Bezuidenhoutseweg 30
Postbus 20101
NL - 2500 EC Den Haag,
Tel. +31 70 379 7708
Fax. +31 70 379 7014
Austria
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft,
Familie und Jugend, SOLVIT
Center,/ Ministerul Federal al
Economiei, Familiei şi Tineretului,
Centrul Solvit, / Federal Ministry
of Economy, Family and Youth ,
Solvit Center
Abteilung C1/2, Stubenring 1
AT - 1010 Wien,
Tel. +43 1 71100-5119
Tel. +43 1 71100 - 5293
Tel. +43 1 71100-5187
Fax. +43 1 71100-2207
Sylvia Vana
Alexandra Gaudmann-
Heber
Christian Müller
Member State of the
European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person
Romania
Ministerul Afacerilor Europene,
Guvernul României /
Ministry of European Affairs,
Government of Romania Bvd. Aviatorilor nr. 50A, Sector 1,
Bucureşti 011854,
Tel. +40 21 308 53 40
Tel. +4021 308 53 71
Tel. +40 37 410 45 23
Fax. +40 21 308 53 96
Romulus BENA
Karina STAN
Ramona-Maria CIUCĂ
United Kingdom
Department for Business,
Innovation and Skills/
Departamentul pentru afaceri,
inovare şi abilităţi
1 Victoria Street
UK - London SW1H 0ET
Tel. +44 20 7215 2833
Fax. +44 20 7215 2234
Chris Korcz
25
Conclusions
1. In the present paper it has been documentary researched and analyzed two professions in
the tourism, leisure and sport sector, respectively mountain rescuer and ski, snowboarding and
snow sliding sports monitor from the perspective of Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition
of professional qualifications.
2. The situation of the two professions analyzed is different from the point of view of the
Law. 200 of 25 May 2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional qualifications for
regulated professions in Romania, Mountain Rescue being a regulated profession in Romania,
but not regulated in the EU Member States, and the ski, snowboarding and snow sliding
sports monitor is not an regulated profession in Romania, but it is regulated in Switzerland
and 3 EU Member States.
3. The study have shown that in Romania, although for both professions exist professional
associations with interests in training, certification / licensing of professionals, there is no
legislation to fully regulate all aspects of vocational training, certification and validation of
competences and the recognition of these two qualifications for persons from EU Member
States wishing to provide services in the Romania.
4. As reflected by the study performed, in the European countries regulating professions in
this sector there are very strong professional organization, affiliated to European
organizations, and the example of these organizations must be followed. Collaboration with
similar institutions at EU level is recommended, and the approach of acceptance by Romania
for the participation in the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot
project for a professional card that will be issued to the ski instructors may be an example of
good practice that should be continued and completed by adopting a legislative package to
recognize the qualification of ski, snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor.
26
List of abbreviations used in the paper
MEN - Ministry of National Education
ANC / NQA - National Qualifications Authority
IPS / ISP - Institute of Social Policy
CE / EC-European Commission
SM / MS - Member State
AC / CA - Competent Authority
EQF - European Qualifications Framework
SEE/EEA - European Economic Area
CNRED-National Centre for Recognition of Diplomas
CNSAS-National Body of Alpine and Speleological Rescue
UIAA - International Union of Mountaineering Associations
27
Bibliography
1. http://www.ikar-cisa.org
2. The Law no 200/25 May 2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional
qualifications for regulated professions in Romania
3. Classification of Occupations in Romania 4..
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm
5. www.frschibiatlon.ro
6. http://www.cnsasmolise.it
7. http://www.soccorsoalpinospeleobasilicata.com
8. www.femps.org
9. www.bspa.at/Innsbruck
10. http://www.deutscherskiverband.de/ausbildung_dsv-card_lizenz_uebersicht_de,337.html
11. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l’informazione e l’editoria -
GUIDA ALL’UTENTE, Direttiva 2005/36/CEE relativa al riconoscimento delle qualifiche
professionali Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, DIPARTIMENTO PER LE POLITICHE
EUROPEE, Ufficio per il mercato interno e la competitività
12. http://ec.europa.eu/solvit/site
13. Government Decision no. 77/23 January 2003 on establishing measures for accident
prevention and the organization of mountain rescue activity in the mountains
14. http://www.0salvamont.org/
15. www.scoala-romana-schi.ro
16.http://www.turismo.provincia.tn.it/binary/pat_turismo_new/Norme/legge%208%20marzo
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