motoring offences and breath test statistics, england and...
TRANSCRIPT
Motoring Offences and Breath Test Statistics 05/04 England and Wales 2002 Margaret Ayres, Ransford Fiti, Dave Perry & Liza Murray 30 April 2004
MAIN POINTS Motoring offences � The number of motoring offences dealt with by official police action or penalty charge notice in 2002 was 11.8 million, up 11 per cent on 2001 and the highest number recorded (paragraph 2). � The number of offences dealt with by fixed penalty notice issued by the police (including traffic wardens) in 2002 was 3.1 million, up four per cent on 2001. In addition 6.4 million penalty charge notices were issued by local authority parking attendants in 2002, up 21 per cent (paragraph 2). � There were 2.1 million court proceedings for motoring offences during 2002, up five per cent on 2001 (paragraph 2). � Cameras provided evidence for 1.5 million offences dealt with in 2002, up 40 per cent on 2001. Overall these cameras provided evidence for 85 per cent of speeding offences dealt with (paragraph 31). Breath tests � 570,000 screening breath tests were carried out during 2002, nine per cent fewer than in 2001 (paragraph 33). � The number of positive or refused tests in 2002 rose by four per cent from 99,500 in 2001 to 103,000 in 2002 (paragraph 34).
Figure 1 Motoring offences dealt with by official action
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
VDRS notice
Written Warning
Penalty Charge notice
Court Proceedings
Fixed Penalty notice
2
INTRODUCTION
1. This bulletin contains statistics on motoring offences and breath tests dealt
with by the police in England and Wales in 2002 and earlier years. The bulletin also
includes statistics on penalty charge notices issued by local authority parking
attendants from 1994 - see notes 8 and 13(k)(iii). This bulletin is a record of official
action with regard to motoring offences and breath tests. More detailed information
is provided in the companion volume "Offences relating to motor vehicles, England
and Wales 2002, Supplementary tables" - see note 22.
MOTORING OFFENCES
NUMBER OF OFFENCES DEALT WITH (Tables A, 1 and 10 and Figures 1 and 2).
Table A Offences relating to motor vehicles: summary of action taken(1)
England and Wales Millions
Fixed Penalty Court VehiclesWritten VDRS Penalty Charge Proceed- Currently
Year Warnings Notice (2) Notice Notice ings Total Licensed
1992 0.2 0.2 5.0 * 2.4 7.9 23.01993 0.2 0.2 4.1 * 2.4 6.9 22.51994 0.2 0.2 3.5 1.7 2.4 8.1 22.81995 0.2 0.2 3.5 3.1 2.4 9.1 22.91996 0.2 0.2 3.3 3.5 2.3 9.5 23.71997 0.2 0.2 3.4 3.8 2.2 9.8 24.41998 0.2 0.2 3.4 3.9 2.2 9.8 25.51999 0.1 0.2 3.1 4.0 2.1 9.5 26.22000 0.1 0.1 3.0 4.7 2.1 10.0 26.22001 0.1 0.1 3.0 5.3 2.0 10.5 27.02002 0.1 0.1 3.1 6.4 2.1 11.8 27.7
(1) For a fuller description of these figures see Table 1.(2) Vehicle defect rectification scheme.
Type of action
3
2. The total number of motoring offences dealt with by the police and parking
attendants in England and Wales during 2002 was 11.8 million, a rise of 1.3 million
(11 per cent) on the final 2001 figure of 10.5 million. In 2002 6.4 million (55 per cent)
were penalty charge notices issued by local authority parking attendants, up 21 per
cent on 2001 and reflecting the increasing number of local authorities using these
powers (see note 13(k)(iii)). 3.1 million of the offences (26 per cent) were dealt with
by fixed penalty notices issued by the police (including traffic wardens), up four per
cent on the 2001 figure of 3.0 million. 2.1 million offences (18 per cent) were dealt
with by court proceedings (see note 7), up five per cent on 2001. The remaining
offences were dealt with either by written warnings (58,700) which were down 32 per
cent on 2001, or vehicle defect rectification scheme (VDRS) notices complied with
(91,500), down 11 per cent on 2001.
3. The number of motoring offences dealt with during 2002, at 11.8 million, was
the largest number to date. It represents 425 offences per thousand vehicles
licensed in 2002, compared with 343 per thousand in 1992. The 2002 rate of 425 is
22 higher than that of the 403 offences per thousand vehicles licensed in 1997 which
was the highest for that decade.
Figure 2 Motoring offences dealt with by type of action taken, 2002
VDRS1%
Penalty charge54%
Written warnings0.5%
Court proceedings18%
Fixed penalty26%
4
4. For motoring offences dealt with by police action Table 10 shows figures by
police force for 2002 are given in Table 10. The proportion of offences dealt with by
court proceedings (39 per cent for England and Wales) varies between forces, from
Northamptonshire who used court proceedings for 13 per cent of offences dealt with
(but see Note 7 regarding shortfalls in court proceedings for this force), to the West
Midlands who used court proceedings for 68 per cent. Such variations may reflect
some differences in police practice, but local conditions are likely to play a bigger
part. For instance, levels of urbanisation will influence how many offences dealt with
are for obstruction, waiting and parking and whether local authorities are issuing
penalty charges.
TYPE OF OFFENCE DEALT WITH (Tables B and 2 and Figure 3)
5. In 2002 the largest group of offences dealt with were for obstruction, waiting and parking offences 7.6 million in all. Of these, 1.2 million were dealt with
by official police action, forming the third largest proportion of motoring offences (22
per cent in 2002) dealt with by the police (including traffic wardens). The other 6.4
million offences were dealt with through penalty charge notices issued by local
authority parking attendants. For further commentary regarding the trends in the use
of fixed penalties and penalty charge notices for these offences, see paragraphs 15
to 19.
6. The largest offence group dealt with by police action in 2002 was for speed limit offences comprising 1.7 million offences, or 31 per cent of all the offences they
dealt with.
5
Figure 3 Offences dealt with by the police, change between 2001 and 2002
Offence group
18%
6%
6%
2%
1%
0%
-4%
-8%
-12%
-3%
Speed limit offences
Driving etc., after consuming alcohol or taking drugs
Licence, insurance and record keeping offences
Unauthorised taking of theft of a motor vehicle
Vehicle test & condition offences
Neglect of traffic signs and directions and pedestrian rights
Miscellaneous motoring offences
Lighting and noise offences
Careless driving
Obstruction, waiting & parking
Percentage difference between 2001 - 2002
7. Between 2001 and 2002, the number of offences dealt with by the police fell
in seven of the 15 offence groups in Table 2, and also increased in seven. Figure 3
shows the changes in the largest groups for 2001 and 2002. The most marked
change between 2001 and 2002 occurred for speed limit offences which were up
18 per cent. These are offences in which camera devices are increasingly being
used, and paragraph 31 gives statistics of proceedings and fixed penalties issued
where the evidence was provided by these devices. The largest percentage falls in
the figures were in relation to offences of obstruction, waiting and parking, down
12 per cent and careless driving, down eight per cent.
8. Table 2 contains figures from 1951 to examine longer term trends. With the
exception of lighting and noise offences the numbers in 2002 are all larger (mostly
considerably so) than in 1951, as would be expected from the large increase in
licensed vehicles over this period. However, there have been some reductions in
recent decades. For example, the number of offences of careless driving rose from
29,100 in 1951 to 180,000 in 1981 and then gradually fell to 83,900 in 2002.
6
9. Other offence groups which have shown long term reductions are load offences, which were highest in 1991 and lighting and noise offences which were
five times more often subject to police action in 1971 and 1981 than in 2002. There
was however a reversal of the trend in long term reductions for dangerous driving,
driving etc after consuming alcohol or drugs, unauthorised taking or theft of a motor vehicle and licence, insurance and record keeping offences.
10. There was a 10 per cent decrease in offences peculiar to motor cycles
which fell to 3,800 from 4,200 in 2001. This was after increases of five and two per
cent between 1999 and 2001.
11. The number of miscellaneous motoring offences dealt with peaked in 1997
at 280,000 but since then there have been small reductions each year (although
there was a rise in 2001 which reflected a large increase in prosecutions under
sections 172(3) and 172(4) of the Road Traffic Act 1988 – persons keeping vehicle
failing to give driver’s name and address on demand). However, longer term
comparisons like these should be made with caution because of changes in
legislation and other enforcement practices which have taken place from time to
time. The main legislative changes in recent years are listed in note 13.
THE WAY OFFENCES ARE DEALT WITH (Table B)
12. Table B shows that 18 per cent of offences were dealt with by court
proceedings during 2002 (down from 19 per cent in 2001), whilst 81 per cent were
dealt with by fixed penalty notices or penalty charge notices (up from 79 per cent in
2001). There is wide variation between offence types. Nearly all obstruction and waiting and parking offences were dealt with by fixed penalty or penalty charge
notice, whilst nearly all offences of driving after consuming alcohol or drugs were
dealt with by court proceedings. Some disposal methods are not available for
certain offences. For example, VDRS notices are only available for offences
described as vehicles or parts of vehicles found to be in dangerous or defective condition, 66 per cent of these offences were dealt with by VDRS notices. Among
the offences for which fixed penalty notices are available, 91 per cent of speed limit
7
offences were so dealt with in 2002 (up from 88 per cent in 2001). Fixed penalty
notices dealt with 81 per cent of offences of neglect of traffic signs and directions and of pedestrian rights (up from 80 per cent in 2001). The detailed figures from
which Table B is derived are included in Table 1 of the Supplementary tables (see
note 22).
WRITTEN WARNINGS AND VDRS NOTICES (Tables B, 3 and 4)
13. The use of written warnings reached a peak in 1981, when 326,000 were
issued. There has been a steady decline since then, although an upturn occurred in
1997 (when 201,000 were issued). Since then the number of offences dropped
rapidly to 58,700 in 2002. Table B above shows that careless driving, lighting and noise offences and offences peculiar to motor cycles were more likely than other
offences to be dealt with by written warning. In contrast, Table 3 shows that the
numbers of written warnings issued; it can be seen that they were most frequently
used for licence, insurance and record keeping offences (14,300 or 24 per cent
of written warnings), vehicle test and condition offences (9,300 or 16 per cent of
written warnings) and for dangerous, careless or drunken driving etc (7,500 or 13
per cent of written warnings).
14. Most forces introduced Vehicle Defect Rectification Schemes during 1986,
and up to 1997 approximately 270,000 were issued each year. But since 1997 the
use of this scheme has declined to a figure of 128,000 in 2002. Seventy-one per
cent (91,500) of VDRS notices were complied with in 2002, a fall of one percentage
point from 2001. Notices not complied with are liable to lead to further action (e.g.
court proceedings).
8
Table B Motoring Offences (proportionally) dealt with by official action(1) by offence group
England and Wales 2001 & 2002
Offence group 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002
Causing death or bodily harm 100 100 0 - * * * * 0.5 0.5
Dangerous driving 99 1 1 0 * * * * 9.6 10.7
Driving etc after consuming alcohol or taking drugs 100 100 0 0 * * * * 96.1 102.1
Careless driving 52 52 10 9 * * 38 39 91.7 83.9
Accident offences 92 94 8 6 * * * * 30.4 30.1
Unauthorised taking or theft of a motor vehicle 87 89 13 (4) 11 (4) * * * * 51.0 52.1
Licence, insurance & record keeping offences 94 95 2 1 * * 4 4 1,177.4 1,247.7
Vehicle test offences 96 98 4 2 * * 0 0 340.7 364.9
Vehicle or part in dangerous or defective condition 28 28 1 1 66 66 6 5 155.5 137.7
Speed limit offences 11 9 1 0 * * 88 91 1,400.7 1,656.1
Neglect of traffic signs & directions & pedestrian rights 19 17 2 1 * * 80 81 224.9 225.0
Obstruction, waiting & parking offences 0 0 0 0 * * 100 100 6,650.9 7,599.0
Lighting & noise offences 45 44 11 8 * * 44 47 45.6 43.7
Load Offences 81 81 6 3 * * 14 15 15.8 13.1
Offences peculiar to motor cycles 66 63 9 8 * * 25 29 4.2 3.8
Miscellaneous 32 37 3 2 * * 66 61 227.7 220.4
Total 19 18 1 0 1 1 79 81 10,522.8 11,790.7
(1) Police (including traffic wardens) and local authority parking attendants.(2) Total proceedings at magistrates' courts. (3) Fixed penalty and penalty charge notices issued. (4) Cautions data has been included.
Percentages
Court Proceedings(2) Written Warnings VDRS Notice
Fixed penalty / Penalty charge notices issued(3)
Total (thousands = 100%)
9
FIXED PENALTY NOTICES AND PENALTY CHARGE NOTICES (Tables C, 5 to 7, 22 and 23)
15. The total number of fixed penalty notices issued by the police (including traffic
wardens) has fallen from 5.1 million in 1992 to 3.1 million in 2002: there was a small
(three per cent) increase between 2001 and 2002. Decreases were observed for
five out of eight of the offence groups shown in Table 5 between 2001 and 2002, the
exceptions being: speed limit offences (up 22 per cent), lighting and noise offences (up four per cent) and neglect of traffic signs and directions and of pedestrian rights (up one per cent),
16. Obstruction, waiting and parking offences were dealt with both by fixed
penalty notices and penalty charge notices. There were 1.2 million fixed penalty
notices issued by the police in 2002, 160,000 or 12 per cent fewer than in 2001. The
fall can be attributed mainly to more local authorities issuing penalty charge notices.
6.4 million parking offences were dealt with in 2002 (an increase of 21 per cent on
2001) by penalty charge notices issued by local authorities. This method was first
used in 1994 and is provided for under the 1991 Road Traffic Act (see also note
13(k)(iii)).
17. Table C shows that the use of fixed penalties for obstruction, waiting and
parking offences in London had been, by 2002, all but superseded by the use of
penalty charge notices issued by local authorities. The use of fixed penalty notices
for these offences had begun to decline before 1994, in anticipation of penalty
charge notices being introduced. The detailed figures, for 1999 to 2002, from which
those in Table C are derived are included in Tables 22 and 23. A further breakdown,
by local authority area, is published in Tables 22(a) and 22(b) of the Supplementary
tables (see note 23).
10
18. A final analysis of results of fixed penalty notices issued in 2002 is not yet
complete; this is because there is a time delay in forces receiving final information on
outcome ie whether paid after charge certificate served or guilty from adjudication.
However, provisional estimates suggest that 82 per cent of the fixed penalty notices
issued by the police in 2002 were paid and a fine was automatically registered at
court for a further 13 per cent. These rates show a small but steady increase in the
number of fixed penalties paid since 1992 when the figures was 70 per cent. Fixed
penalties are more likely to be paid if the offence is endorsable. In 2002 it is
estimated that 99 per cent of fixed penalty notices issued for endorsable offences
were paid without further enforcement, compared with 72 per cent (non-endorsable,
driver present) and 69 per cent (non-endorsable, driver absent).
19. Of the total number of penalty charge notices dealt with in 2002, 44 per cent
were paid within 14 days and a further 12 per cent were paid after 14 days but
before enforcement. This compares with 49 per cent and 12 per cent respectively in
Table C Obstruction, waiting and parking offences - fixed penalties and penalty charge notices
England and Wales
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Fixed penalty notices
Metropolitan & City of London Police 583 259 243 162 206 193 197 142 143
Other police forces 2,115 2,012 2,040 2,038 1,912 1,615 1,398 1,183 1,022
Total 2,698 2,271 2,282 2,199 2,118 1,808 1,595 1,325 1,165
Penalty charge notices
London 1,706 3,148 3,515 3,686 3,733 3,664 4,021 4,222 4,799
Other local authorities(1) * * 8 83 138 292 634 1,081 1,614
Total 1,706 3,148 3,523 3,769 3,872 3,956 4,655 5,303 6,413
Total fixed penalties & penalty charge notices 4,404 5,418 5,806 5,968 5,990 5,764 6,251 6,628 7,578
(1) England only.
Thousands
11
2001. In London in 2002, 43 per cent were paid within 14 days and a further 11 per
cent were paid after 14 days but before enforcement. This compares with 48 per
cent and 12 per cent in 2001. The total number of penalty charge certificates
registered in 2002 increased by 29 per cent from 941,000 in 2001 to 1.2 million in
2002.
COURT PROCEEDINGS (Tables 8, 9 and 11 - 15)
20. The number of proceedings at magistrates' courts for offences relating to
motor vehicles rose by five per cent between 2001 and 2002 to 2.1 million.
Proceedings were most often taken for licence, insurance and record keeping offences, amounting to 1.2 million such offences in 2002, an increase of 75,600
(seven per cent) on 2001.
21. Speed limit offences and neglect of traffic signs and directions of pedestrian rights are the two offence groups for which cameras are used. Speed limit offences showed, for the third year, a fall in the number of prosecutions, from
150,000 in 2001 to 144,000 in 2002, down four per cent. Prosecutions, for offences
of neglect of traffic signs and directions and of pedestrian rights (which
includes traffic light offences which can be detected by cameras) continued their fall
from 1993 showing a four per cent decrease from 41,800 in 2001 to 40,000 in 2002
(see also paragraph 31).
22. Table 9 shows how many defendants were proceeded against in magistrates'
courts where their principal offence was a summary motoring offence. These figures
differ from those in Table 8 because a defendant can be proceeded against for more
than one offence on each occasion, and also because, for some, the principal
offence is not a motoring offence. The table is, however, on the same basis as
Table 3.1 of 'Criminal statistics, England and Wales 2002',(1)
which allows
comparisons to be made with defendants proceeded against for non-motoring
offences (see also note 10). Research suggests that groups of offences dealt with
together in court generally arise from a single traffic incident (rather than from other
events)(2).
12
23. 65 per cent of all court proceedings for motoring offences resulted in findings
of guilt in 2002, down one percentage point from 2001. In total there were 1,383,000
findings of guilt in 2002, four per cent higher than the revised figure of 1,326,000 in
2001 (see Note 6).
24. Table 12 shows that in 2002 nearly nine in ten of those found guilty of
motoring offences were male. The highest percentage of males were recorded for
offences such as dangerous driving (97 per cent), unauthorised taking or theft of a motor vehicle (96 per cent), load offences (97 per cent) and offences peculiar to motor cycles (97 per cent). The highest percentages of females were recorded
for obstruction, waiting and parking offences (23 per cent), miscellaneous motoring offences (17 per cent) and speed limit offences (17 per cent).
Disproportionate numbers of offenders were aged under 21 for offences of
unauthorised taking or theft of a motor vehicle (67 per cent) and for offences peculiar to motor cycles (81 per cent) which includes driving or riding on a motor
cycle without wearing protective headgear and unlawful pillion riding.
25. In 2002, around 84 per cent of sentences or orders imposed at magistrates’
courts were fines (Table 13). By contrast, custodial sentences were the most
frequent sentence or order imposed at the Crown Court (70 per cent of sentences)
reflecting the relative seriousness of the motoring offences being dealt with.
Nevertheless magistrates' courts gave more sentences of immediate custody for
motoring offences (31,400) than the Crown Court (8,200). A substantial proportion
of proceedings (25 per cent in 2002) result in the offence being 'not separately dealt
with', because a sentence or order has been imposed for another offence. This has
become more common over the last ten years.
26. The average fine imposed at magistrates' courts during 2002 was £123
(Table 14). When inflation is taken into account, however, there was a fall in real
terms from £98 in 2001 to £97 for the year 2002 (at 1992 prices). The average fines,
in 2002, varied from £128 for speed limit offences to £316 for dangerous driving.
13
27. Table 15 shows that more than half the sentences of immediate custody
given for motoring offences at all courts were for offences of driving while disqualified. Causing death or bodily harm was most likely to be dealt with by a
custodial sentence – four of five findings of guilt in recent years. Just under half the
convictions for driving while disqualified attracted sentences of immediate
custody, as did 48 per cent of convictions for dangerous driving.
DISQUALIFICATIONS AND ENDORSEMENTS (Tables 16 and 17)
28. During 2002, there were 184,000 disqualifications for specific motoring
offences in England and Wales up 18,500 on 2001. A further 30,500 persons were
disqualified under the penalty points or 'totting up' system, the same as in 2001. In
2002 84,900 persons were disqualified for driving etc. after consuming alcohol or taking drugs a rise of 5,600 from 2001. The number of disqualifications for this
offence peaked at 103,000 in 1989 and steadily declined until 1994, since when it
has been relatively stable.
29. The number of endorsements has been rising steadily since 1993, although
this is mainly due to an increase in endorsements imposed following a fixed penalty
notice.
30. Forty-one per cent of disqualifications in 2002 were for more than one year,
including 68 per cent of disqualifications for driving etc. after consuming alcohol or taking drugs. The proportion disqualified for more than one year for this offence
has steadily increased from 59 per cent in 1996.
TRAFFIC CAMERAS (Table D)
31. In 2002 cameras of all types provided evidence for 1.5 million motoring
offences, an increase of 40 per cent on 2001. In 2002, 94 per cent of offences were
speeding offences, with the remainder being traffic light offences. Overall,
camera devices were used to provide evidence in 2002 for 85 per cent of cases
where the police took official action for speeding offences and for 40 per cent
14
cases of neglect of traffic signs and directions and pedestrian rights, (which
includes traffic light offences). The majority of these offences (80 per cent) were
dealt with by fixed penalty.
32. The national safety camera funding scheme, which allows some fine revenue
received by magistrates' courts from fixed penalties for speeding, or jumping red
traffic lights to be used to meet the costs of operating speed and traffic signal
cameras, was launched nationally in August 2001. This followed a successful pilot
of the scheme in seven police force areas in England and Wales. Over half of the
country now participates in the scheme (see also note 13(l)).
15
Table D Fixed penalties and prosecutions for offences detected by cameras(1)
England and Wales
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Speeding offences
Fixed penalty(2) 212,600 288,600 338,800 423,000 599,200 (3) 877,500 1,135,400
Prosecutions 49,600 48,100 65,100 75,800 109,200 137,100 275,900
Total 262,200 336,700 403,800 498,600 699,400 (3) 1,014,600 1,411,300
Traffic light offences
Fixed penalty(2) 33,400 34,800 31,800 37,100 52,200 45,500 70,900
Prosecutions 19,400 18,800 11,800 14,900 15,900 11,100 17,400
Total 52,800 53,300 43,500 52,000 68,100 56,600 88,400
All offences
Fixed penalty(2) 246,000 323,200 370,500 460,100 642,400 (3) 923,000 1,206,300
Prosecutions 67,000 66,900 76,800 90,500 125,700 148,200 293,400
Total 312,900 390,000 447,400 550,600 768,100 (3) 1,071,200 1,499,600
(1) Automatic cameras until 1998, all camera types from 1999.(2) Paid ie no further action.(3) Revised (see note 9).
Number of offences
16
BREATH TESTS SCREENING BREATH TESTS (Table E, Table 18 and Figure 4)
33. During 2002, 570,000 screening breath tests were carried out by police
officers. This is a decrease of nine per cent on the 624,000 screening tests recorded
during 2001.
Figure 4 Screening breath tests by outcome
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total number of tests Number positive or refused
Table E Number of screening breath tests by outcome
England and Wales
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total number of tests 815.5 764.5 714.8 623.9 570.2
Percentage (%) change on previous year + 1.9 - 6.3 - 6.5 -12.7 -8.6
Of which positive/refused 102.3 94.1 94.6 99.5 103.5
Percentage (%) change on previous year - 1.1 - 8.1 + 0.5 + 5.2 +4.0
Thousands and percentage changes
17
34. The number of positive or refused tests was 103,000 in 2002, a rise of four
per cent from 2001 (99,500). The proportion of tests positive or refused in 2002
was, at 18 per cent, two percentage points higher than in 2001 and higher than in
1992. However, despite this increase the current proportion remains a lot lower than
the level in 1979 when 51 per cent of the 164,000 tested were either positive,
refused, or were unable to be tested.
35. Department for Transport figures show that between 1998-2000 the number
of people killed or seriously injured in accidents involving illegal alcohol levels
remained steady at around 3,000 but rose by five per cent in 2001 to 3,220.
Provisional estimates suggest a similar percentage inctrease for 2002 to 3,380.(3)
SEASONAL VARIATION (Tables 19 and 20)
36. In 2002 16 per cent of all screening tests were conducted during December,
which coincides with the regular Christmas campaign against drinking and driving.
While the number of screening tests carried out during December was twice the
average number carried out in other months, the number of positive or refused tests
at 8,900 was only the third highest with October and November recording the highest
level at 9,300 each. The proportion of screening tests which, were positive or
refused during December was 10 per cent, which is around half the proportion of
tests positive or refused in the other months.
POLICE FORCE AREAS (Table 21, Figures 5 and 6)
37. Police force areas vary widely in the number of tests carried out per 100,000
population, from 410 in West Midlands and Hertfordshire to 3,970 in Derbyshire.
Figure 5 shows details for 2002. Forces with the highest number of tests per
100,000 population were Derbyshire, North Wales, Kent and Cleveland. The
proportion of tests, which are positive or refused also varies by force, from four per
cent in Derbyshire to 48 per cent in West Midlands. Figure 6 shows police force
18
areas by the number of positive or refused tests per 100,000 population in 2002.
Forces with the highest rates of positive tests per 100,000 population were
Northumbria, Thames Valley, Greater Manchester and Gloucestershire.
(1) See Command Paper 6054 ‘Criminal statistics, England and Wales 2002’ (The Stationery Office
December 2003)
(2) See ‘The Criminal Histories of Serious Traffic Offenders’ by Gerry Rose (Home Office Research
Study 206)
(3) See DfT 'Road Casualties Great Britain: 2002 - Annual Report' (The Stationery Office September
2003)
19
2001 and over
BEDFORDSHIRE
CUMBRIA
DURHAM CLEVELAND
NORTH YORKSHIRE
WEST YORKSHIRE
LANCASHIRE
SOUTH YORKSHIRE
DERBYSHIRE CHESHIRE
NORTH WALES
LEICESTERSHIRE
WEST MERCIA WARWICKSHIRE
METROPOLITAN AND CITY
DYFED POWYS
GWENT
DEVON & CORNWALL
AVON & SOMERSET
GLOUCESTERSHIRE
WILTSHIRE
SUFFOLK
HAMPSHIRE
KENT
ESSEX
SURREY
DORSET
HERTFORDSHIRE
NORTHUMBRIA
SUSSEX
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
GREATER MANCHESTER
THAMES VALLEY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
STAFFORDSHIRE
LINCOLNSHIRE
MERSEYSIDE
SOUTH WALES
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
WEST MIDLANDS
410 - 900
901 - 1,300
1,301 - 1,700
1,701 to 2000
Figure 5 Total tests per 100,000 population by police force area 2002amended map May 2004
HUMBERSIDE
NORFOLK
20
241 and over
BEDFORDSHIRE
CUMBRIA
DURHAM CLEVELAND
NORTH YORKSHIRE
WEST YORKSHIRE
LANCASHIRE
SOUTH YORKSHIRE
DERBYSHIRE CHESHIRE
NORTH WALES
LEICESTERSHIRE
WEST MERCIA WARWICKSHIRE
METROPOLITAN AND CITY
DYFED POWYS
GWENT
DEVON & CORNWALL
AVON & SOMERSET
GLOUCESTERSHIRE
WILTSHIRE
SUFFOLK
HAMPSHIRE
KENT
ESSEX
SURREY
DORSET
HERTFORDSHIRE
NORTHUMBRIA
SUSSEX
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
GREATER MANCHESTER
THAMES VALLEY
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
STAFFORDSHIRE
LINCOLNSHIRE
MERSEYSIDE
SOUTH WALES
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
WEST MIDLANDS
80 to 120
121 to 170
171 to 200
201 to 240
Figure 6 Positive/refused tests per 100,000 population by police force 2002amended map May 2004
HUMBERSIDE
NORFOLK
Tabl
e 1
Sum
mar
y of
act
ion
take
n fo
r offe
nces
rela
ting
to m
otor
veh
icle
s: w
ritte
n w
arni
ngs,
veh
icle
def
ect r
ectif
icat
ion
sche
me,
fixed
pen
alty
not
ices
, pen
alty
cha
rge
notic
es a
nd c
ourt
pro
ceed
ings
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Type
of a
ctio
n :
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Writ
ten
war
ning
s is
sued
151
274
238
326
231
198
188
201
161
127
109
8759
Veh
icle
def
ect r
ectif
icat
ion
sche
me
(V
DR
S) n
otic
es c
ompl
ied
with
(1)
**
**
196
195
207
210
192
168
127
102
91
Fixe
d pe
nalty
not
pai
d, n
o fu
rther
act
ion
take
n(1)
*..
..1,
544
498
286
281
269
240
235
208
148
170
(2)
Fixe
d pe
nalty
pai
d*
....
2,59
34,
014
2,39
12,
530
2,64
92,
691
2,45
02,
441
2,45
12,
522
(2)
Fine
regi
stra
tion
certi
ficat
e*
**
*1,
134
514
508
498
472
407
371
369
385
(2)
Tota
l dea
lt w
ith b
y fix
ed p
enal
ty n
otic
e/fin
e re
gist
ratio
n*
102
102
4,13
75,
647
3,19
13,
318
3,41
63,
403
3,09
33,
020
2,96
83,
077
(2)
Pen
alty
cha
rge
notic
es is
sued
(3)
**
**
*3,
148
3,52
33,
769
3,87
23,
956
4,65
55,
303
6,41
3
Mag
istra
tes'
cou
rt pr
ocee
ding
s:(4
)(5)
Pro
ceed
ings
dis
cont
inue
d, c
harg
es
with
draw
n or
dis
mis
sed,
etc
1835
113
331
741
861
788
756
735
710
695
695
739
Fin
ding
s of
gui
lt af
ter s
umm
ary
trial
366
922
1,55
32,
086
1,52
71,
520
1,47
71,
460
1,45
41,
407
1,35
61,
317
1,37
2
Cro
wn
Cou
rt tri
al p
roce
edin
gs:
Acq
uitta
ls o
r not
trie
d-
1
3
45
54
43
33
3(6
)3
Fin
ding
s of
gui
lt-
2
9
1619
1715
1610
88
9(6
)11
Tota
l dea
lt w
ith b
y co
urt p
roce
edin
gs38
595
91,
679
2,43
72,
294
2,40
42,
284
2,23
62,
203
2,12
82,
063
2,02
4(6
)2,
124
Tota
l dea
lt w
ith b
y ca
utio
ns, V
DR
S, f
ixed
pen
altie
s, p
enal
ty c
harg
e no
tices
or
cou
rt pr
ocee
ding
s53
61,
335
3,90
76,
900
8,36
89,
136
9,52
09,
832
9,83
19,
472
9,97
410
,484
11,7
64
Veh
icle
s cu
rren
tly li
cens
ed (m
illio
ns)(7
) 4.
2(8
)9.
0(8
)14
.0(8
)15
.322
.722
.923
.724
.425
.526
.226
.227
.027
.7
(1)
Whe
n co
urt p
roce
edin
gs a
re in
stitu
ted
follo
win
g no
n-co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith a
VD
RS
not
ice
or n
on-p
aym
ent o
f a fi
xed
pena
lty, t
he o
ffenc
e is
incl
uded
in th
is ta
ble
only
und
er 'c
ourt
proc
eedi
ngs'
. Th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of V
DR
S
not
ices
issu
ed is
sho
wn
in T
able
4 a
nd th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of f
ixed
pen
alty
not
ices
issu
ed is
sho
wn
in T
able
s 5
and
6.
(2)
Det
ails
of w
heth
er fi
xed
pena
lties
wer
e pa
id, o
r cou
rt pr
ocee
ding
s in
stitu
ted
in re
spec
t of t
hem
etc
. are
not
yet
com
plet
e fo
r 200
2; th
e fig
ures
sho
wn
are
estim
ates
bas
ed o
n to
tal n
otic
es is
sued
.(3
)S
ee N
ote
13(k
)(iii
).
(4)
Com
mitt
als
for t
rial t
o th
e C
row
n C
ourt
are
excl
uded
.(5
)K
now
n sh
ortfa
lls in
pro
ceed
ings
for c
erta
in s
umm
ary
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es fr
om 1
998-
2001
. S
ee N
ote
7(6
)R
evis
ed.
See
Not
e 6.
(7)
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent f
or T
rans
port.
(8)
Figu
res
rela
te to
Gre
at B
ritai
n - a
men
ded
sinc
e pu
blic
atio
n of
pre
viou
s bu
lletin
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
Tabl
e 2
Mot
orin
g of
fenc
es (1
) (2)
dea
lt w
ith b
y of
ficia
l pol
ice
actio
n (3)
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
5119
6119
7119
8119
9119
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
02
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2D
ange
rous
driv
ing
4.9
10.9
10.7
6.8
12.2
11.2
10.4
10.4
10.1
9.5
9.2
9.6
10.7
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s3.
47.
546
.082
.411
9.1
105.
710
8.4
112.
510
4.4
99.7
96.3
96.1
102.
1
4C
arel
ess
driv
ing
29.1
84.6
139.
418
0.5
128.
810
1.8
99.0
102.
899
.897
.794
.891
.783
.9
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es8.
619
.930
.957
.553
.934
.232
.832
.531
.629
.929
.030
.430
.1
6U
naut
horis
ed ta
king
or t
heft
of a
mot
or v
ehic
le12
.332
.452
.675
.995
.165
.363
.258
.457
.056
.750
.751
.052
.1
7,9-
12,1
4Li
cenc
e, in
sura
nce
and
reco
rd k
eepi
ng o
ffenc
es11
0.9
330.
465
0.7
1,05
7.6
1,26
7.0
1,37
2.0
1,30
4.1
1,27
7.9
1,25
5.4
1,22
7.5
1,20
1.2
1,17
7.4
1,24
7.7
13,1
5V
ehic
le te
st a
nd c
ondi
tion
offe
nces
36.5
57.6
315.
440
8.0
624.
773
6.4
704.
568
3.9
649.
360
3.7
538.
849
6.2
502.
7
16S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es83
.314
7.4
272.
134
3.6
637.
068
9.1
761.
489
1.2
975.
11,
015.
11,
167.
4(6
)1,
400.
71,
656.
1
17-1
9N
egle
ct o
f tra
ffic
sign
s an
d d
irect
ions
and
of p
edes
trian
righ
ts60
.917
0.4
132.
524
1.1
320.
728
4.2
286.
329
1.6
279.
825
3.3
239.
322
4.9
225.
0
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es(4
)89
.030
0.8
1,97
5.7
4,21
1.7
4,76
0.5
2,29
8.1
2,30
9.5
2,22
6.8
2,14
6.8
1,83
6.0
1,61
9.1
1,34
8.0
1,18
5.9
21,2
2Li
ghtin
g an
d no
ise
offe
nces
66.9
115.
622
9.8
227.
788
.168
.369
.776
.177
.668
.955
.645
.643
.7
23Lo
ad o
ffenc
es5.
511
.417
.735
.944
.128
.927
.025
.225
.521
.118
.615
.813
.1
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les
0.9
3.4
1.7
19.6
7.3
4.8
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.2
3.8
25M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es(5
)23
.741
.831
.513
1.0
237.
821
7.7
249.
027
9.9
278.
125
8.1
223.
122
7.7
220.
4
Tota
l53
6.2
1,33
4.5
3,90
7.3
7,07
9.4
8,39
6.6
6,01
8.3
6,03
0.1
6,07
4.0
5,99
5.0
5,58
1.6
5,34
7.6
(6)
5,21
9.9
5,37
7.6
(1)
Tabl
e do
es n
ot a
gree
with
Tab
le 1
for t
echn
ical
reas
ons.
To
avoi
d do
uble
cou
ntin
g, if
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e is
eve
ntua
lly d
ealt
with
by
proc
eedi
ngs
it w
ill n
ot b
e co
unte
d in
Tab
le 1
. Fi
xed
pen
alty
not
ices
whe
re th
e ou
tcom
e w
as n
ot fi
nalis
ed
are
als
o ex
clud
ed in
Tab
le 1
. (2
)Th
e ba
sis
on w
hich
the
stat
istic
s ar
e co
mpi
led
has
chan
ged
from
yea
r to
year
and
com
paris
ons
betw
een
year
s sh
ould
be
mad
e w
ith c
autio
n. F
or e
xam
ple,
thef
t offe
nces
wer
e no
t col
late
d on
a c
ompa
rabl
e ba
sis
in 1
951
and
1961
nor
failu
re to
pay
mot
or v
ehic
le d
uty
in 1
951,
196
1 or
197
1. E
stim
ates
bas
ed o
n co
urt p
roce
edin
gs fo
r prin
cipa
l offe
nces
hav
e be
en u
sed
inst
ead.
(3
)C
onsi
sts
of c
ourt
proc
eedi
ngs,
writ
ten
war
ning
s, fi
xed
pena
lties
and
veh
icle
def
ect r
ectif
icat
ion
notic
es c
ompl
ied
with
. (4
)In
add
ition
, 6,4
13,1
00 p
enal
ty c
harg
e no
tices
wer
e is
sued
in 2
002
by lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s fo
r par
king
offe
nces
. S
ee N
ote
13(k
)(iii
).
(5)
Incl
udes
the
follo
win
g nu
mbe
r of s
eat b
elt o
ffenc
es in
200
2: 4
,716
cou
rt pr
ocee
ding
s,12
6,41
9 fix
ed p
enal
ties
and
2,93
8 w
ritte
n w
arni
ngs.
(6
) R
evis
ed.
See
Not
e 9.
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
Tabl
e 3
Writ
ten
war
ning
s by
offe
nce
grou
p
Eng
land
and
Wal
es 2
002
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
02
1-4
Dan
gero
us, c
arel
ess
or d
runk
en21
2220
2123
1815
11
108
driv
ing
etc.
(1)
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es6
54
44
33
2
22
6U
naut
horis
ed ta
king
or t
heft
of a
mot
or v
ehic
le (1
)10
98
87
77
7
76
7,9-
12,1
4Li
cenc
e, in
sura
nce
and
reco
rd k
eepi
ng o
ffenc
es58
5343
4136
3126
23
1914
13,1
5V
ehic
le te
st a
nd c
ondi
tion
offe
nces
4348
4134
3427
2016
14
9
16S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es11
2431
2735
2822
24
177
17-1
9N
egle
ct o
f tra
ffic
sign
s an
d d
irect
ions
and
of p
edes
trian
righ
ts9
1216
1316
118
7
43
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es5
43
44
43
2
22
21,2
2Li
ghtin
g an
d no
ise
offe
nces
1113
1314
1715
117
5
4
23Lo
ad o
ffenc
es4
33
22
21
1
10
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les
22
11
11
10
0
0
25M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es9
1516
1822
1512
8
64
Tota
l18
721
219
818
820
116
112
710
9
87
59
Num
ber o
f per
sons
(2) (
thou
sand
s)13
616
615
514
315
713
510
692
75
52
(1)
Cau
tions
dat
a ha
s be
en in
clud
ed.
(2)
See
not
e 10
.
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
Tabl
e 4
Vehi
cle
defe
ct re
ctifi
catio
n sc
hem
e (V
DR
S) n
otic
es is
sued
(1) an
d co
mpl
ied
with
(2) , b
y qu
arte
r
Eng
land
and
Wal
esTh
ousa
nds
and
perc
enta
ges
Yea
rV
DR
S n
otic
es is
sued
(1)
Not
ices
com
plie
d w
ith(2
)
No
%
1992
265
195
7419
9327
120
074
1994
268
198
7419
9526
319
574
1996
272
207
7619
9727
321
077
1998
251
192
7619
9922
116
876
2000
170
127
7520
0114
210
272
2002
128
9171
2001
1st q
uarte
r40
.930
.574
2nd
quar
ter
37.7
26.7
713r
d qu
arte
r31
.522
.973
4th
quar
ter
32.3
22.4
69
2002
1st q
uarte
r38
.027
.572
2nd
quar
ter
30.7
21.1
693r
d qu
arte
r27
.419
.270
4th
quar
ter
32.0
23.6
74
(1)
A n
otic
e m
ay re
late
to s
ever
al d
efec
ts.
(2)
Veh
icle
repa
ired
or s
crap
ped
with
in s
peci
fied
perio
d.
Tabl
e 5
Fixe
d pe
nalty
not
ices
issu
ed b
y ty
pe o
f offe
nce
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
02
7,10
Lice
nce
and
reco
rd k
eepi
ng o
ffenc
es64
4943
4348
4750
6849
50
50
13,1
5V
ehic
le te
st a
nd c
ondi
tion
offe
nces
1211
1213
1517
1714
10
98
16S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es46
039
547
253
059
571
378
182
598
9
(1
)1,
233
1,50
5
17-1
9N
egle
ct o
f tra
ffic
sign
s an
d d
irect
ions
and
of p
edes
trian
rig
hts
205
184
201
208
216
224
219
199
187
179
182
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es(2
)4,
180
3,38
32,
698
2,27
12,
282
2,19
92,
118
1,80
81,
595
1,
325
1,16
5
21,2
2Li
ghtin
g an
d no
ise
offe
nces
2619
1817
2126
3028
23
2021
25M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es(3
)11
811
711
713
116
018
420
018
515
9
14
913
4
4,23
,24
Oth
er o
ffenc
es11
912
1214
1824
3136
38
36
Tota
l5,
077
4,16
63,
574
3,22
53,
352
3,42
83,
440
3,15
73,
049
(1
)3,
004
3,10
0
(1)
Rev
ised
. S
ee N
ote
9.(2
)In
add
ition
, 6,4
13,0
00 p
arki
ng o
ffenc
es w
ere
deal
t with
in 2
002
by p
enal
ty c
harg
e no
tices
issu
ed b
y lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s. S
ee n
ote
13(k
)(iii
).
(3)
The
maj
ority
of t
hese
offe
nces
are
sea
t-bel
t offe
nces
, 126
,000
in 2
002.
Thou
sand
s of
not
ices
Tabl
e 6
Fixe
d pe
nalty
not
ices
by
resu
lt - p
erce
ntag
e pa
id, f
ine
regi
ster
ed, e
tc
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Res
ult
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
20
0120
02(1
)
Pen
alty
pai
d70
7173
7476
7778
7980
8282
No
furth
er a
ctio
n10
109
98
87
87
56
Fine
regi
ster
ed20
1917
1615
1414
1312
1213
Ref
erre
d fo
r cou
rt p
roce
edin
gs0.
80.
90.
80.
90.
90.
90.
80.
60.
50.
50.
5
Tota
l not
ices
dea
lt w
ith(2
),(3)
5,07
74,
166
3,57
43,
225
3,35
23,
428
3,44
03,
112
3,03
52,
983
3,07
7(T
hous
ands
, = 1
00 %
)
(1)
The
anal
ysis
of r
esul
ts o
f fix
ed p
enal
ty n
otic
es is
not
yet
com
plet
e fo
r 200
2. T
he p
erce
ntag
es s
how
n ar
e es
timat
es b
ased
on
the
tota
l not
ices
issu
ed.
(2)
Bet
wee
n 19
92 a
nd 1
998
tota
l not
ices
issu
edgi
ven
as d
ata
by re
sult
was
not
suf
ficie
ntly
robu
st to
sho
w n
atio
nal f
igur
e.
(3)
In a
dditi
on, o
f the
6,4
13,0
00 p
enal
ty c
harg
e no
tices
issu
ed b
y lo
cal a
utho
ries
for p
arki
ng o
ffenc
es in
200
2, 6
,296
,000
wer
e de
alt w
ith.
See
Tab
les
23 a
nd 2
3 an
d N
ote
13(k
)(iii
).
Per
cent
age
of n
otic
es is
sued
Tabl
e 7
Perc
enta
ge o
f fix
ed p
enal
ty n
otic
es p
aid,
by
forc
e ar
ea a
nd ty
pe o
f not
ice
Eng
land
and
Wal
esP
erce
ntag
es
Yea
rE
ndor
sabl
e (1
)N
on-e
ndor
sabl
eA
ll no
tices
Met
ro-
Oth
erA
llD
river
pre
sent
Driv
er a
bsen
t (2
)M
etro
-O
ther
All
polit
anfo
rces
forc
esM
etro
-O
ther
All
Met
ro-
Oth
erA
llpo
litan
fo
rces
forc
esP
olic
epo
litan
fo
rces
forc
espo
litan
fo
rces
forc
esP
olic
eP
olic
eP
olic
e
1992
80.6
88.4
87.3
61.7
62.2
62.6
63.5
70.4
68.1
63.8
72.6
69.6
1993
83.2
91.0
89.8
61.8
65.3
64.5
65.0
70.6
68.7
65.8
73.0
70.8
1994
86.4
91.6
90.9
64.6
66.5
66.2
65.1
70.8
69.6
67.4
74.1
72.8
1995
89.9
91.7
91.4
67.7
68.0
68.0
65.5
70.7
70.1
71.8
74.7
74.3
1996
92.6
91.7
91.9
71.5
69.7
70.0
66.1
71.8
71.2
74.2
75.8
75.6
1997
91.6
92.2
92.1
71.2
71.3
71.3
66.9
72.7
72.2
74.4
77.1
76.9
1998
92.4
93.3
93.2
72.7
73.2
73.1
69.0
73.5
73.1
75.5
78.7
78.4
1999
93.8
95.2
95.1
73.9
72.1
72.2
65.2
72.2
71.5
73.2
79.3
78.7
2000
96.5
97.1
97
.172
.873
.173
.162
.571
.870
.771
.781
.380
.4
97.8
98.4
98.4
71.4
72.4
72.3
59.1
70.2
68.9
71.6
83.2
82.2
98.2
98.6
98.6
71.3
72.1
72.0
59.2
70.4
69.1
71.5
83.0
81.9
(1)
Offe
nces
det
ecte
d by
aut
omat
ic c
amer
as (u
p to
and
incl
udin
g 19
98) a
nd a
ll ca
mer
as (f
rom
199
9) fo
r whi
ch a
con
ditio
nal o
ffer o
f a fi
xed
pena
lty w
as m
ade
can
only
be
coun
ted
if m
ade
s
ubst
antiv
e, ie
if p
aid.
(2
)Fo
r driv
er a
bsen
t offe
nces
, a n
otic
e to
ow
ner i
s is
sued
in th
e ev
ent o
f non
-pay
men
t whi
ch c
an a
ct a
s a
rem
inde
r. (3
)Th
e an
alys
is o
f res
ults
of f
ixed
pen
alty
not
ices
is n
ot y
et c
ompl
ete
for 2
002.
The
figu
res
show
n ar
e es
timat
es b
ased
on
tota
l not
ices
issu
ed.
2001
2002
(3)
Tabl
e 8
Proc
eedi
ngs
at m
agis
trat
es' c
ourt
s fo
r offe
nces
rela
ting
to m
otor
veh
icle
sE
ngla
nd a
nd W
ales
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0120
021s
t qtr
2nd
qtr
3rd
qtr
4th
qtr
1st q
tr2n
d qt
r3r
d qt
r4t
h qt
r
Offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
nnot
be
give
n(1) :
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2D
ange
rous
driv
ing
9.8
9.4
9.1
9.5
10.7
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s10
4.0
99.5
96.2
96.0
102.
024
.923
.723
.823
.625
.824
.526
.025
.74
Car
eles
s dr
ivin
g(1)
62.2
56.4
51.5
47.5
43.8
12.8
12.0
11.8
10.9
11.7
11.2
10.8
10.1
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es28
.327
.326
.728
.128
.47.
56.
9
7.1
6.7
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.9
6U
naut
horis
ed ta
king
or t
heft
of a
mot
or v
ehic
le50
.249
.944
.244
.346
.112
.311
.010
.610
.312
.311
.711
.410
.7[7
,9,1
0(pt
),Li
cenc
e, in
sura
nce
and
reco
rd11
,12,
14]
kee
ping
offe
nces
(1)
1,17
4.1
1,13
2.6
1,12
8.2
1,10
7.5
1,18
3.1
279.
327
0.4
278.
527
9.3
298.
129
5.8
299.
928
9.4
13V
ehic
le te
st o
ffenc
es(1
)34
2.2
340.
033
3.7
328.
035
6.2
81.5
80.1
82.4
84.0
90.1
89.6
90.6
85.9
2
5(pt
)M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es1)
55.7
54.8
50.3
66.9
77.1
18.1
15.5
15.6
17.8
20.0
19.5
18.2
19.4
Sub
-tota
l1,
826.
91,
770.
31,
740.
31,
728.
31,
847.
943
8.9
422.
043
2.3
435.
046
8.1
462.
446
6.6
450.
8
Offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
n be
be
give
n(2) :
1
0(pt
)M
otor
veh
icle
lice
nce
obsc
ured
or n
ot a
ffixe
d1.
00.
80.
70.
70.
80.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
20.
215
Veh
icle
or p
art i
n da
nger
ous
or d
efec
tive
cond
ition
(2)
71.0
62.3
51.5
43.0
37.8
11.6
10.8
10.4
10.2
10
.39.
49.
28.
916
Spe
ed li
mit
offe
nces
(2)
166.
216
8.1
154.
715
0.3
144.
239
.234
.038
.838
.338
.333
.734
.937
.217
-19
Neg
lect
of t
raffi
c si
gns
and
dire
ctio
ns a
nd o
f ped
estri
an ri
ghts
(2)
49.6
46.9
45.5
41.8
40.0
11.5
10.5
10.2
9.7
10.1
10.0
10.0
9.9
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es(2
)24
.724
.921
.621
.319
.45.
35.
35.
75.
05.
15.
04.
74.
621
,22
Ligh
ting
and
nois
e of
fenc
es(2
)31
.829
.925
.520
.619
.45.
55.
54.
94.
65.
25.
24.
84.
323
Load
offe
nces
(2)
19.6
16.6
14.8
12.8
10.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.5
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les(2
)2.
72.
52.
72.
82.
40.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
50.
60.
6
25(
pt)
Sea
t bel
t offe
nces
8.3
6.9
5.7
5.2
4.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Sub
-tota
l37
4.7
358.
832
2.6
298.
427
9.2
78.6
71.7
75.3
72.7
73.7
68.1
68.0
69.3
Tota
l2,
201.
62,
129.
12,
062.
92,
026.
72,
127.
051
7.6
493.
750
7.7
507.
854
1.8
530.
553
4.6
520.
1
(1)
Incl
udes
a s
mal
l num
ber o
f offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
n be
giv
en.
(2
)In
clud
es a
sm
all n
umbe
r of o
ffenc
es fo
r whi
ch a
fixe
d pe
nalty
not
ice
cann
ot b
e gi
ven.
Tabl
e 9
Def
enda
nts
proc
eede
d ag
ains
t at m
agis
trat
es' c
ourt
s fo
r sum
mar
y m
otor
ing
offe
nces
(1)
Eng
land
and
Wal
esTh
ousa
nds
of d
efen
dant
s
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0120
021s
t qtr
2nd
qtr
3rd
qtr
4th
qtr
1st q
tr2n
d qt
r3r
d qt
r4t
h qt
r
Offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
nnot
be
give
n(1) :
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s89
.084
.882
.282
.287
.521
.320
.220
.420
.322
.121
.122
.222
.14
Car
eles
s dr
ivin
g(2)
46.9
40.1
35.9
32.7
29.3
8.8
8.4
8.1
7.4
7.8
7.6
7.3
6.6
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es8.
88.
58.
28.
88.
72.
32.
12.
32.
12.
32.
22.
12.
0[7
,9,1
0(pt
),Li
cenc
e, in
sura
nce
and
reco
rd11
,12,
14]
kee
ping
offe
nces
(2)
334.
732
1.6
328.
932
8.6
355.
282
.381
.482
.782
.188
.889
.190
.986
.413
Veh
icle
test
offe
nces
(2)
40.9
37.0
33.2
30.2
30.8
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.1
7.2
25(p
t)M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es(2
)55
.959
.162
.461
.769
.421
.314
.912
.113
.317
.318
.116
.517
.6
Sub
-tota
l57
6.3
551.
055
0.7
544.
158
0.9
144.
013
4.8
133.
213
2.2
145.
814
6.0
147.
114
1.9
Offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
n be
beg
iven
(3) :
10(p
t)M
otor
veh
icle
lice
nce
obsc
ured
or n
ot a
ffixe
d0.
20.
20.
10.
10.
20.
00.
00.
00.
00.
00.
10.
00.
015
Veh
icle
or p
art i
n da
nger
ous
or d
efec
tive
cond
ition
(3)
25.9
21.8
18.3
14.6
12.5
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.9
16S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es(3
)16
0.2
156.
614
5.0
140.
313
2.4
36.7
31.7
36.5
35.5
35.1
31.0
32.1
34.2
17-1
9N
egle
ct o
f tra
ffic
sign
s an
d di
rect
ions
a
nd o
f ped
estri
an ri
ghts
(3)
37.9
35.4
34.8
31.2
28.9
8.7
7.7
7.7
7.1
7.4
7.3
7.2
6.9
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es(3
)23
.622
.919
.619
.017
.64.
84.
85.
04.
44.
64.
54.
24.
221
,22
Ligh
ting
and
nois
e of
fenc
es(3
)8.
27.
66.
04.
84.
41.
31.
31.
21.
01.
11.
21.
10.
923
Load
offe
nces
(3)
14.5
11.2
10.5
8.9
7.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.7
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les(3
)0.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
125
(pt)
Sea
t bel
t offe
nces
2.6
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Sub
-tota
l27
3.3
258.
023
6.2
220.
720
4.9
58.3
52.0
56.5
53.9
54.0
49.8
49.8
51.3
Tota
l84
9.6
809.
078
6.9
764.
878
5.8
202.
218
6.8
189.
718
6.1
199.
8119
5.75
196.
9119
3.28
(1)
This
tabl
e br
eaks
dow
n th
e fig
ures
pub
lishe
d in
Tab
le 3
.1 o
f "C
rimin
al s
tatis
tics,
Eng
land
and
Wal
es, 2
002"
(Cm
605
4). I
t the
refo
re c
ount
s th
e nu
mbe
r of d
efen
dant
s fo
r who
m a
sum
mar
y m
otor
ing
offe
nce
was
the
prin
cipa
l offe
nce
at th
at c
ourt
appe
aran
ce. I
t als
o ex
clud
es th
e su
mm
ary
offe
nces
of f
ailin
g to
pay
app
ropr
iate
veh
icle
exc
ise
duty
, una
utho
rised
taki
ng o
f a m
otor
veh
icle
and
agg
rava
ted
vehi
cle
taki
ng w
here
the
only
agg
rava
ting
fact
or w
as c
rimin
al
dam
age
of £
2,00
0 an
d un
der.
(2)
Incl
udes
a s
mal
l num
ber o
f offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
n be
giv
en.
(3)
Incl
udes
a s
mal
l num
ber o
f offe
nces
for w
hich
a fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e ca
nnot
be
give
n.
Tabl
e 10
Offe
nces
dea
lt w
ith b
y w
ritte
n w
arni
ngs,
VD
RS
notic
e, fi
xed
pena
lty n
otic
e an
d co
urt p
roce
edin
gs, a
nd
prop
ortio
n de
alt w
ith b
y ea
ch m
etho
d, b
y po
lice
forc
e ar
ea
Eng
land
and
Wal
es 2
002
Num
ber o
f offe
nces
and
per
cent
ages
Pol
ice
forc
e ar
eaTo
tal
Writ
ten
VD
RS
Fixe
d pe
nalt y
Cou
rtW
ritte
nV
DR
SFi
xed
pena
ltyC
ourt
= 10
0%w
arni
ngs
(1)
notic
es(2
)no
tices
issu
edpr
ocee
ding
s(3
)w
arni
ngs
notic
es
notic
es is
sued
proc
eedi
ngs
(3)
Avo
n an
d S
omer
set
170,
500
800
4,60
087
,000
78,1
000.
52.
751
.045
.8B
edfo
rdsh
ire75
,900
2,60
060
048
,300
24,3
003.
50.
863
.732
.0C
ambr
idge
shire
66,5
0020
060
051
,200
14,5
000.
40.
977
.021
.8C
hesh
ire70
,400
500
1,00
036
,400
32,5
000.
71.
451
.746
.2C
leve
land
84,1
003,
900
3,30
043
,400
33,5
004.
63.
951
.639
.8C
umbr
ia30
,400
800
1,00
011
,800
16,8
002.
53.
438
.855
.2D
erby
shire
139,
900
900
10,0
0097
,300
31,7
000.
77.
169
.522
.7D
evon
and
Cor
nwal
l18
2,00
020
05,
600
114,
700
61,6
000.
13.
163
.033
.8D
orse
t71
,600
100
3,00
031
,200
37,4
000.
14.
143
.552
.2D
urha
m52
,800
1,20
04,
600
24,8
0022
,200
2.2
8.7
46.9
42.1
Ess
ex29
9,80
030
03,
200
238,
900
57,4
000.
11.
179
.719
.2G
louc
este
rshi
re65
,500
1,30
02,
900
34,0
0027
,200
2.0
4.5
52.0
41.5
Gre
ater
Man
ches
ter
308,
000
2,90
06,
600
96,9
0020
1,60
00.
92.
131
.565
.4H
amps
hire
145,
800
1,10
05,
300
70,5
0069
,000
0.7
3.6
48.3
47.3
Her
tford
shire
93,1
0060
01,
900
57,4
0033
,100
0.7
2.0
61.7
35.6
Hum
bers
ide
73,9
0020
01,
600
43,9
0028
,200
0.3
2.1
59.4
38.2
Ken
t97
,400
600
5,00
048
,600
43,3
000.
65.
149
.944
.4La
ncas
hire
294,
200
500
2,10
021
9,40
072
,400
0.2
0.7
74.5
24.6
Leic
este
rshi
re13
1,20
01,
300
3,50
066
,500
60,0
001.
02.
650
.745
.7Li
ncol
nshi
re82
,500
500
1,30
046
,800
33,9
000.
61.
556
.841
.1Lo
ndon
, City
of
28,5
0010
060
013
,100
14,8
000.
22.
145
.951
.7M
erse
ysid
e98
,700
300
800
50,3
0047
,300
0.3
0.8
51.0
47.9
Met
ropo
litan
Pol
ice
428,
500
2,60
01,
800
247,
800
176,
300
0.6
0.4
57.8
41.1
Nor
folk
61,3
0060
02,
700
32,5
0025
,600
1.0
4.4
53.0
41.7
Nor
tham
pton
shire
78
,400
100
1,70
066
,500
10,1
000.
22.
184
.812
.8N
orth
umbr
ia21
4,80
05,
700
9,60
013
6,70
062
,800
2.7
4.5
63.6
29.2
Nor
th Y
orks
hire
39,7
0050
01,
800
18,7
0018
,700
1.4
4.4
47.0
47.1
Not
tingh
amsh
ire89
,200
100
1,10
054
,500
33,5
000.
11.
361
.137
.5S
outh
Yor
kshi
re11
5,20
01,
100
4,60
057
,200
52,3
000.
94.
049
.645
.4S
taffo
rdsh
ire75
,600
1,30
01,
000
39,1
0034
,200
1.7
1.3
51.8
45.3
Suf
folk
66,9
0040
01,
300
34,1
0031
,100
0.6
1.9
50.9
46.5
Sur
rey
61,0
0080
02,
000
35,7
0022
,500
1.3
3.2
58.6
36.9
Sus
sex
112,
000
1,20
070
075
,600
34,4
001.
10.
667
.530
.7Th
ames
Val
ley
231,
300
700
1,50
016
8,10
060
,900
0.3
0.7
72.7
26.3
War
wic
kshi
re75
,600
5,40
01,
700
49,0
0019
,500
7.2
2.3
64.7
25.8
Wes
t Mer
cia
97,4
0050
02,
200
52,4
0042
,200
0.6
2.3
53.8
43.3
Wes
t Mid
land
s25
7,50
01,
600
4,30
076
,300
175,
300
0.6
1.7
29.6
68.1
Wes
t Yor
kshi
re20
5,00
03,
200
3,20
099
,500
99,1
001.
61.
648
.548
.3W
iltsh
ire80
,100
1,10
01,
900
43,0
0034
,000
1.4
2.4
53.7
42.5
Dyf
ed P
owy s
64,1
003,
500
4,80
034
,000
21,8
005.
57.
553
.034
.0G
wen
t51
,500
500
2,30
025
,900
22,8
001.
04.
550
.344
.3N
orth
Wal
es95
,000
1,20
02,
600
64,1
0027
,100
1.3
2.8
67.5
28.5
Sou
th W
ales
251,
300
5,50
06,
000
157,
400
82,4
002.
22.
462
.632
.8
Eng
land
and
Wal
es5,
414,
200
(4)
58,7
0012
8,10
03,
100,
500
2,12
7,00
01.
12.
457
.339
.3
(1)
Cau
tions
dat
a ha
s al
so b
een
incl
uded
whe
re a
ppro
pria
te (s
ee T
able
3 fo
r mor
e de
tail)
.(2
)N
umbe
rs o
f not
ices
issu
ed.
A V
DR
S n
otic
e m
ay c
over
mor
e th
an o
ne d
efec
t.(3
)P
roce
edin
gs a
t mag
istra
tes'
cou
rts.
Incl
udes
cas
es in
whi
ch c
ourt
proc
eedi
ngs
wer
e in
stitu
ted
eith
er fo
llow
ing
non-
com
plia
nce
with
a V
DR
S n
otic
e or
, in
the
case
of a
fixe
d pe
nalty
not
ice,
whe
re th
e
mot
oris
t cho
se to
go
to c
ourt.
(4)
In a
dditi
on, 6
,413
,000
pen
alty
cha
rge
notic
es w
ere
issu
ed in
200
2 by
loca
l aut
horit
ies
for p
arki
ng o
ffenc
es.
See
Not
e 13
(k)(
iii).
Num
bers
Per
cent
ages
Tabl
e 11
Find
ings
of g
uilt
at a
ll co
urts
by
type
of o
ffenc
e
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
01(1
) 20
02
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
2D
ange
rous
driv
ing
6.8
6.2
6.2
6.4
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.2
5.2
5.4
6.3
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s95
.291
.289
.792
.595
.710
0.2
93.1
89.4
85.8
84.8
90.5
4C
arel
ess
driv
ing
77.8
66.4
64.7
61.9
57.4
55.8
52.1
46.8
41.3
36.9
33.6
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es26
.521
.719
.318
.717
.918
.017
.316
.415
.815
.916
.36
Una
utho
rised
taki
ng o
r the
ft of
a m
otor
veh
icle
41.9
39.6
37.8
33.5
32.2
30.3
30.0
29.5
25.4
24.6
25.8
7(pt
)D
rivin
g w
hile
dis
qual
ified
44.8
46.7
47.1
45.4
42.5
42.5
42.4
43.9
42.8
44.6
48.5
7(pt
),9-1
2,14
Oth
er li
cenc
e, in
sura
nce
and
reco
rd k
eepi
ng o
ffenc
es68
4.1
710.
073
3.1
742.
371
3.7
703.
869
3.9
668.
967
0.6
655.
370
6.6
13,1
5V
ehic
le te
st a
nd c
ondi
tion
offe
nces
226.
725
0.4
257.
325
9.9
243.
723
4.6
233.
322
7.4
217.
220
3.1
211.
416
Spe
ed li
mit
offe
nces
148.
510
0.2
105.
111
9.0
130.
013
2.8
153.
515
3.6
141.
413
5.6
124.
617
-19
Neg
lect
of t
raffi
c si
gns
and
dire
ctio
ns a
nd o
f ped
estri
an ri
ghts
66.0
55.5
48.8
48.6
46.5
42.4
40.8
38.2
37.7
34.6
32.6
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es33
.930
.520
.816
.215
.415
.716
.816
.614
.214
.013
.221
,22
Ligh
ting
and
nois
e of
fenc
es28
.126
.827
.025
.624
.523
.322
.921
.217
.914
.213
.623
Load
offe
nces
27.6
21.8
21.6
20.7
19.3
17.8
17.7
14.8
13.3
11.6
9.6
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.8
25(p
t)N
on-c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith n
otic
e to
ow
ner
26.3
21.0
17.7
6.6
7.7
11.8
9.9
10.2
3.6
3.0
2.8
25(p
t)S
eat b
elt o
ffenc
es8.
57.
16.
66.
66.
76.
46.
65.
54.
44.
03.
625
(pt)
Mis
cella
neou
s m
otor
ing
offe
nces
29.0
31.7
28.2
30.8
30.8
31.7
26.0
25.2
25.5
35.6
41.6
Tota
l (th
ousa
nds)
1,57
4.6
1,52
9.3
1,53
3.4
1,53
7.3
1,49
2.4
1,47
5.3
1,46
4.5
1,41
5.2
1,36
4.6
1,32
5.8
1,38
2.7
As
a pe
rcen
tage
of t
otal
cou
rt p
roce
edin
gs (
Tabl
e 1)
6463
6364
6566
6666
6666
65
(1)
Rev
ised
. S
ee N
ote
6.
Tabl
e 12
Find
ings
of g
uilt
at a
ll co
urts
by
type
of o
ffenc
e, a
ge a
nd s
ex o
f offe
nder
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9819
9920
0020
01(2
)20
02
1998
1999
2000
2001
(2)
2002
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
9694
9594
9426
2725
2624
2D
ange
rous
driv
ing
9797
9797
9731
3234
3836
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s91
9190
9089
1112
1213
124
Car
eles
s dr
ivin
g85
8484
8585
1616
1617
175
Acc
iden
t offe
nces
8889
8888
8822
2222
2223
6U
naut
horis
ed ta
king
or t
heft
of a
mot
or v
ehic
le96
9696
9696
6870
7070
677,
9-12
,14
Lice
nce,
insu
ranc
e an
d re
cord
kee
ping
offe
nces
9090
8990
8919
2122
2322
13,1
5V
ehic
le te
st a
nd c
ondi
tion
offe
nces
9191
9091
9019
2121
2222
16S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es87
8685
8483
55
55
417
-19
Neg
lect
of t
raffi
c si
gns
and
dire
ctio
ns a
nd o
f ped
estri
an ri
ghts
8685
8585
848
98
99
20O
bstru
ctio
n, w
aitin
g an
d pa
rkin
g o
ffenc
es79
7978
7777
21
11
121
,22
Ligh
ting
and
nois
e of
fenc
es91
9190
9090
2323
2222
2223
Load
offe
nces
9798
9797
972
22
22
24O
ffenc
es p
ecul
iar t
o m
otor
cyc
les
9898
9797
9780
8079
7981
25M
isce
llane
ous
mot
orin
g of
fenc
es83
8381
8283
66
65
5
Tota
l89
8989
8988
1719
1920
20
(1)
The
num
bers
on
whi
ch th
ese
perc
enta
ges
are
base
d ar
e pu
blis
hed
annu
ally
in th
e su
pple
men
tary
tabl
es to
this
bul
letin
(see
Not
e 22
)(2
) R
evis
ed.
See
Not
e 6.
Per
cent
age
mal
e(1)
Per
cent
age
of o
ffenc
es
Per
cent
age
unde
r 21(1
)
Tabl
e 13
Sent
ence
s an
d or
ders
(1) im
pose
d by
mag
istr
ates
' cou
rts
and
the
Cro
wn
Cou
rt fo
r offe
nces
rela
ting
to m
otor
veh
icle
s E
ngla
nd a
nd W
ales
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Abs
olut
e or
con
ditio
nal d
isch
arge
or r
ecog
niza
nce
99.4
89.4
79.3
65.1
60.2
56.2
54.7
55.7
50.5
47.2
50.1
Com
mun
ity re
habi
litat
ion(2
) or S
uper
visi
on o
rder
32
.034
.336
.932
.932
.531
.731
.029
.625
.626
.029
.9Fi
ne1,
209.
81,
101.
61,
052.
41,
059.
61,
031.
61,
015.
298
8.8
918.
187
8.4
840.
585
9.1
Com
mun
ity p
unis
hmen
t ord
er(2
) 16
.918
.918
.217
.015
.215
.215
.016
.215
.215
.916
.9A
ttend
ance
cen
tre o
rde r
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.2
0.8
Com
mun
ity p
unis
hmen
t and
reha
bilit
atio
n or
der(2
) 0.
75.
27.
18.
39.
710
.410
.610
.29.
17.
78.
2D
rug
treat
men
t and
test
ing
orde
r*
**
**
**
(3)
*(3
)0.
00.
50.
8S
ecur
e tra
inin
g or
der
**
**
**
0.1
0.2
0.1
**
Ref
erra
l ord
er*
**
**
**
**
*11
.5Y
outh
cus
tody
/ yo
ung
offe
nder
inst
itutio
n8.
59.
710
.710
.59.
89.
69.
510
.57.
46.
76.
4Im
pris
onm
ent:
Ful
ly s
uspe
nded
sen
tenc
e6.
01.
41.
10.
80.
80.
70.
70.
60.
60.
50.
5 U
nsus
pend
ed s
ente
nce
11.6
15.7
21.0
22.5
22.4
23.6
23.3
24.6
23.9
24.5
25.0
Oth
e r(4
)
9.1
2.0
1.7
2.3
1.8
1.9
2.5
3.1
5.7
11.2
13.7
Tota
l sen
tenc
es o
r ord
ers
1,39
71,
281
1,23
11,
221
1,18
61,
166
1,13
81,
071
1,02
098
61,
026
Offe
nce
not s
epar
atel
y de
alt w
ith(5
) 15
2.6
229.
528
2.1
295.
228
7.1
288.
230
5.6
325.
032
7.9
323.
033
6.6
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
(7)
2002
Abs
olut
e or
con
ditio
nal d
isch
arge
2.0
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Com
mun
ity re
habi
litat
ion
orde
r(2)
2.7
1.9
1.6
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.7
0.9
0.9
Fine
2.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Com
mun
ity p
unis
hmen
t ord
er1.
81.
41.
21.
10.
80.
80.
60.
60.
50.
70.
8C
omm
unity
pun
ishm
ent a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
orde
r(2)
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
Dru
g tre
atm
ent a
nd te
stin
g or
der
**
**
**
*(3
)*
(3)
0.0
0.2
0.3
Sec
ure
train
ing
orde
r*
**
**
*-
0.0
-*
*D
eten
tion
and
train
ing
orde
r*
**
**
**
*0.
10.
10.
1Y
outh
cus
tody
/ yo
ung
offe
nder
inst
itutio
n3.
82.
62.
83.
12.
93.
02.
92.
71.
91.
92.
0Im
pris
onm
ent:
Ful
ly s
uspe
nded
sen
tenc
e1.
00.
10.
10.
20.
10.
20.
10.
10.
10.
10.
1 U
nsus
pend
ed s
ente
nce
5.9
5.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.3
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.2
6.1
Oth
e r(4
) 0.
70.
10.
10.
20.
20.
20.
10.
20.
20.
10.
2To
tal s
ente
nces
or o
rder
s20
1414
1413
1313
1211
1011
.7
Offe
nce
not s
epar
atel
y de
alt w
ith(5
) 6.
25.
76.
36.
87.
37.
58.
48.
47.
37.
28.
3
(1)
Whe
re m
ore
than
one
sen
tenc
e or
ord
er w
as im
pose
d fo
r an
offe
nce,
the
prin
cipa
l sen
tenc
e or
ord
er is
sho
wn
(2)
New
nam
es fo
r com
mun
ity s
ente
ces
cam
e in
to fo
rce
in A
pril
2001
. Th
ey a
re c
omm
unity
reha
bilit
atio
n or
der (
prev
ious
ly p
roba
tion
orde
r), c
omm
unity
pun
ishm
ent o
rder
(pre
viou
lsy
com
mun
ity s
ervi
ce o
rder
) and
c
omm
unity
pun
ishm
ent a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
orde
r (pr
evio
usly
com
bina
tion
orde
r)(3
) D
rug
treat
men
t and
test
ing
orde
rs g
iven
in p
ilot a
reas
in 1
998
and
1999
are
incl
uded
und
er 'O
ther
' for
thes
e ye
ars
(4)
Incl
udes
cur
few
ord
ers,
repa
ratio
n or
ders
and
act
ion
plan
ord
ers
and
min
or d
ispo
sals
(5)
In re
cent
yea
rs th
e im
posi
tion
of n
o se
nten
ce o
r ord
er fo
r offe
nces
'not
sep
aret
ly d
ealt
with
' has
bee
n in
crea
sing
. It
is k
now
n th
at a
sen
tenc
e or
ord
er w
as im
pose
d fo
r ano
ther
offe
nce
in e
ach
case
. (6
)In
clud
es c
ases
whe
re th
e of
fend
er w
as fo
und
guilt
y by
a m
agis
trate
s' c
ourt
and
com
mitt
ed to
the
Cro
wn
Cou
rt fo
r sen
tenc
e.
(7)
Rev
ised
. S
ee N
ote
6.
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
by m
agis
trate
s' c
ourts
by th
e C
row
n C
ourt(6
)
Sen
tenc
e or
ord
er im
pose
d
Sen
tenc
e or
ord
er im
pose
d
Tabl
e 14
Ave
rage
fine
s at
mag
istr
ates
' cou
rts
for c
erta
in m
otor
ing
offe
nces
(1) a
nd a
vera
ge fi
nes
reva
lued
to 1
992
pric
es (2
) (sho
wn
in b
rack
ets)
Eng
land
and
Wal
es£
Yea
rA
ll of
fenc
esD
ange
rous
Driv
ing
etc.
Car
eles
sS
peed
Veh
icle
Load
driv
ing
afte
r dr
ivin
glim
itin
sura
nce
offe
nces
cons
umin
gof
fenc
esof
fenc
esal
choh
ol o
rta
king
dru
gs£
££
££
££
1992
8526
123
999
8712
717
7
1993
112
(110
)26
0(2
56)
253
(249
)11
2(1
10)
127
(125
)17
7(1
74)
238
(234
)
1994
123
(118
)28
9(2
78)
306
(294
)12
1(1
16)
113
(109
)20
1(1
93)
261
(251
)
1995
127
(118
)30
0(2
79)
299
(278
)12
1(1
12)
107
(99)
212
(197
)27
5(2
55)
1996
127
(115
)29
9(2
71)
295
(268
)12
1(1
10)
101
(92)
212
(192
)27
7(2
51)
1997
128
(113
)29
5(2
59)
281
(247
)12
2(1
07)
119
(105
)21
0(1
85)
287
(252
)
1998
130
(111
)32
5(2
76)
263
(224
)11
8(1
00)
135
(115
)20
1(1
71)
299
(254
)
1999
131
(110
)31
8(2
66)
256
(214
)11
9(1
00)
132
(111
)20
1(1
68)
286
(239
)
132
(107
)30
3(2
46)
240
(195
)12
2(9
9)13
0(1
06)
195
(159
)30
6(2
49)
122
(98)
292
(233
)20
3(1
62)
142
(113
)13
2(1
05)
146
(117
)27
0(2
16)
123
(97)
316
(248
)20
7(1
63)
146
(115
)12
8(1
01)
152
(119
)27
4(2
15)
(1)
Onl
y fin
es w
hich
are
prin
cipa
l sen
tenc
es a
re in
clud
ed.
(2)
As
estim
ated
by
the
gene
ral i
ndex
of r
etai
l pric
es.
2001
2000
2002
Tabl
e 15
Sent
ence
s(1) o
f im
med
iate
cus
tody
(2) a
t all
cour
ts a
nd a
s a
perc
enta
ge o
f all
findi
ngs
of g
uilt
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
01(3
)20
02
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
250
240
250
250
290
270
270
210
250
300
300
2D
ange
rous
driv
ing
2,40
01,
900
2,30
02,
500
2,30
02,
500
2,30
02,
300
2,40
02,
600
3,00
03
Driv
ing
etc.
afte
r con
sum
ing
alc
ohol
or t
akin
g dr
ugs
3,90
04,
500
5,80
06,
200
6,40
07,
200
6,90
06,
900
6,60
06,
600
6,40
05
Acc
iden
t offe
nces
*30
050
040
050
050
060
060
060
060
060
06
Una
utho
rised
taki
ng o
r the
ft of
a m
otor
veh
icle
11
,000
10,8
0011
,800
11,5
0011
,100
10,9
0010
,900
10,5
008,
700
8,30
08,
500
7(pt
)D
rivin
g w
hile
dis
qual
ified
(4)
12,1
0015
,100
19,8
0021
,000
20,3
0021
,000
21,2
0023
,300
22,6
0023
,600
23,7
0014
Frau
d, fo
rger
y et
c. a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith v
ehic
le o
r driv
er re
cord
s10
010
010
020
010
010
010
010
090
8030
025
(pt)
Faili
ng to
giv
e na
me
and
addr
ess
etc.
afte
r acc
iden
t*
3030
4030
3030
4050
3030
Tota
l29
,900
33,0
0040
,500
42,0
0041
,000
42,5
0042
,200
44,0
0041
,200
42,1
0042
,900
1C
ausi
ng d
eath
or b
odily
har
m
6170
7373
7879
8079
8183
842
Dan
gero
us d
rivin
g35
3137
3840
4240
4445
4848
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s4
56
77
77
88
87
5A
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es*
12
23
33
44
44
6U
naut
horis
ed ta
king
or t
heft
of a
mot
or v
ehic
le26
2731
3434
3636
3534
3433
7(pt
)D
rivin
g w
hile
dis
qual
ified
(4)
2732
4246
4849
5053
5353
4914
Frau
d, fo
rger
y et
c. a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith v
ehic
le o
r driv
er re
cord
s1
11
11
11
11
14
25(p
t)Fa
iling
to g
ive
nam
e an
d ad
dres
s et
c. w
hen
requ
ired
*0
00
01
11
21
1
(1)
Whe
re m
ore
than
one
sen
tenc
e w
as im
pose
d fo
r an
offe
nce,
the
prin
cipa
l sen
tenc
e is
sho
wn.
(2)
Uns
uspe
nded
impr
ison
men
t, pa
rtly
susp
ende
d se
nten
ces,
you
th c
usto
dy/y
oung
offe
nder
inst
itutio
n, s
ecur
e tra
inin
g or
ders
and
det
entio
n an
d tra
inin
g or
ders
.
(3)
Rev
ised
. S
ee N
ote
6.
(4)
Incl
udes
for 2
001
four
offe
nces
at t
he m
agis
trate
s' c
ourts
and
one
at t
he C
row
n C
ourt
for d
rivin
g af
ter f
alse
dec
lara
tion
as to
phy
sica
l fitn
ess.
Num
bers
and
per
cent
ages
Per
cent
age
of fi
ndin
gs o
f gui
lt re
sulti
ng in
an
imm
edia
te c
usto
dial
sen
tenc
e(2)
Tabl
e 16
Driv
ing
licen
ce d
isqu
alifi
catio
ns a
nd e
ndor
sem
ents
, by
type
of o
ffenc
e
Eng
land
and
Wal
es
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
01(1
)20
02
1, 2
, 4, 5
Dan
gero
us, c
arel
ess
driv
ing
a
nd a
ccid
ent o
ffenc
es7
88
77
88
77
89
3D
rivin
g et
c. a
fter c
onsu
min
g a
lcoh
ol o
r tak
ing
drug
s86
8381
8488
9386
8380
7985
6-25
Oth
er o
ffenc
es56
6065
6461
6064
6666
7890
Tota
l14
915
015
515
515
616
115
815
615
316
518
4
Pers
ons
disq
ualif
ied
unde
r the
pen
alty
poi
nts
syst
em(2
)29
3233
3231
3133
(3)
3434
3030
1-5
Dan
gero
us, d
runk
en, c
arel
ess
driv
ing
and
acci
dent
offe
nces
107
8986
8174
7267
6155
5047
16-1
9S
peed
lim
it of
fenc
es a
nd n
egle
ct o
f t
raffi
c si
gns,
dire
ctio
ns a
nd o
f p
edes
trian
righ
ts72
161
070
278
185
297
41,
052
1,08
91,
247
(4)
1,47
41,
756
7,9,
10,1
2Li
cenc
e an
d in
sura
nce
offe
nces
365
382
383
374
351
344
337
364
374
369
394
[6, 1
1, 1
3-15
,O
ther
offe
nces
9973
7374
7375
7061
5249
49 2
0-25
]
Tota
l1,
292
1,15
51,
244
1,31
01,
350
1,46
41,
525
1,57
51,
728
(4)
1,94
22,
246
Of w
hich
:
As
a re
sult
of a
fixe
d pe
nalty
not
ice(5
)56
249
058
365
171
784
190
393
81,
102
(4)
1,34
21,
635
(1)
Rev
ised
. S
ee N
ote
6.(2
) E
xclu
des
thos
e pe
rson
s w
ho w
ere
disq
ualif
ied
for t
heir
curr
ent o
ffenc
es.
(3)
Est
imat
e. F
igur
e am
ende
d si
nce
publ
icat
ion
of 'O
ffenc
es re
latin
g to
mot
or v
ehic
les,
Eng
land
and
Wal
es 1
998,
Sup
plem
enta
ry ta
bles
'.
(4)
Rev
ised
fixe
d pe
nalty
figu
re fo
r spe
edin
g of
fenc
es(5
) In
clud
ed a
lso
in th
e ap
prop
riate
row
s ab
ove.
Thou
sand
s of
offe
nces
End
orse
men
ts w
ithou
t dis
qual
ifica
tions
Dis
qual
ifica
tions
Tabl
e 17
Driv
ing
licen
ce d
isqu
alifi
catio
ns (1
) : dis
qual
ifica
tions
of o
ver o
ne y
ear,
and
as a
per
cent
age
of a
ll di
squa
lific
atio
ns,
by ty
pe o
f offe
nce
E
ngla
nd a
nd W
ales
Offe
nce
grou
pO
ffenc
e ty
pe19
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
01(2
)20
02
1, 2
, 4, 5
Dan
gero
us, c
arel
ess
driv
ing
and
acc
iden
t offe
nces
2,40
02,
300
2,70
02,
600
2,30
02,
700
2,20
02,
100
2,00
02,
200
2,60
03
Driv
ing
etc.
afte
r con
sum
ing
alc
ohol
or t
akin
g dr
ugs
48,4
0048
,900
48,7
0049
,700
51,9
0057
,000
54,6
0052
,900
52
,300
53,5
0057
,900
6-25
Oth
er o
ffenc
es9,
800
11,5
0013
,900
12,8
0011
,700
12,0
0012
,100
12,0
0011
,700
12,3
0013
,900
All
offe
nces
60,6
0062
,800
65,3
0065
,100
65,9
0071
,800
68,9
0066
,900
65,9
0068
,000
74,4
00
1, 2
, 4, 5
Dan
gero
us, c
arel
ess
driv
ing
and
acc
iden
t offe
nces
3231
3433
3534
2828
2728
283
Driv
ing
etc.
afte
r con
sum
ing
alc
ohol
or t
akin
g dr
ugs
5659
6059
5961
6364
6567
686-
25O
ther
offe
nces
1819
2120
1920
1918
1816
16
All
offe
nces
4141
4242
4245
4443
4341
41
(1)
Exc
ludi
ng d
isqu
alifi
catio
ns im
pose
d un
der '
totti
ng-u
p ru
les'
/pen
alty
poi
nts
syst
em(2
) R
evis
ed.
See
Not
e 6.
.
Num
bers
and
per
cent
ages
Dis
qual
ifica
tions
of o
ver 1
yea
r
Per
cent
age
of a
ll di
squa
lific
atio
ns th
at w
ere
over
1 y
ear
Table 18 Screening breath tests by outcome
England and Wales Thousands and percentages
Outcome 1992 (1) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total number of tests 531.3 599.6 678.5 702.7 781.1 800.3 (1) 815.5 764.5 714.8 623.9 570.2
Number positive or refused 87.8 89.4 93.3 94.4 100.5 103.5 102.3 (2) 94.1 (2) 94.6 (2) 99.5 (2) 103.5 (2)
% Positive or refused 17 15 14 13 13 13 13 12 13 16 18
Table 19 Screening breath tests by outcome and quarter
England and Wales Thousands and percentages
Outcome 2000(1) 2001(1) 2002(1)
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4thqtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr qtr
Total number of tests 170.3 156.5 168.2 219.7 144.9 146.1 140.0 192.8 132.5 131.0 127.6 179.1
Number positive or refused 21.6 23.1 24.3 25.6 23.3 25.1 24.4 26.7 24.6 25.4 25.9 27.6
% Positive or refused 13 15 14 12 16 17 17 14 19 19 20 15
Table 20 Screening breath tests and number positive or refused by month
England and Wales 2002(1) Numbers and percentages
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
(1) See Note 16.
(1) See Note 15. (2) See Note 16.
(1) See Note 16.
Total tests Positive / refused % Positive / refused
45,700 8,200 18
43,500 7,800 18
43,200 8,700 20
43,200 8,400 19
44,400 8,600 19
43,300 8,400 19
40,800 8,500 21
45,400 8,600 19
41,500 8,800 21
43,300 9,300 22
46,700 9,300 20
89,100 8,900 10
570,200 103,500 18
Tabl
e 21
Scre
enin
g br
eath
test
s an
d nu
mbe
r pos
itive
or r
efus
ed b
y po
lice
forc
e ar
eaE
ngla
nd a
nd W
ales
Num
bers
and
per
cent
ages
Pol
ice
forc
e ar
eaTo
tal
Tota
l tes
ts p
erP
ositi
veP
ositi
ve /
refu
sed
% P
ositi
veTo
tal
Tota
l tes
ts p
erP
ositi
veP
ositi
ve /
refu
sed
% P
ositi
vete
sts
100,
000
pop
/ ref
used
per 1
00,0
00 p
op/ r
efus
edte
sts
100,
000
pop
/ ref
used
per 1
00,0
00 p
op/ r
efus
edA
von
and
Som
erse
t15
,400
1,01
72,
900
190
1915
,100
1,02
13,
000
205
20B
edfo
rdsh
ire4,
200
745
700
126
176,
200
1,08
690
015
614
Cam
brid
gesh
ire12
,700
1,73
91,
100
152
913
,000
1,83
11,
300
181
10C
hesh
ire13
,600
1,38
02,
600
261
1912
,200
1,24
32,
400
246
20C
leve
land
14,1
002,
525
800
152
611
,000
2,03
180
014
47
Cum
bria
5,10
01,
036
700
150
154,
700
962
500
110
11D
erby
shire
42,1
004,
310
1,60
016
24
37,9
003,
965
1,70
017
44
Dev
on a
nd C
ornw
all
13,5
0084
92,
800
175
2112
,600
799
2,90
018
623
Dor
set
10,4
001,
493
1,60
022
515
10,4
001,
504
1,60
022
815
Dur
ham
16,3
002,
690
1,10
017
97
9,50
01,
612
1,10
018
712
Ess
ex18
,900
1,15
72,
600
160
1416
,100
999
2,70
016
617
Glo
uces
ters
hire
9,60
01,
708
1,40
025
415
9,30
01,
653
1,50
027
016
Gre
ater
Man
ches
ter
23,9
0092
67,
800
300
3223
,200
934
7,40
029
832
Ham
pshi
re35
,200
1,97
03,
900
218
1135
,200
1,98
14,
000
225
11H
ertfo
rdsh
ire5,
500
520
2,10
019
838
4,30
041
42,
000
197
47H
umbe
rsid
e7,
500
849
1,10
012
615
8,70
01,
003
1,20
013
614
Ken
t32
,200
2,01
73,
200
197
1034
,200
2,16
13,
000
189
9La
ncas
hire
10,0
0070
12,
500
173
2510
,600
746
1,50
010
314
Leic
este
rshi
re14
,900
1,58
62,
200
230
1414
,500
1,57
12,
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04
Table 22 Penalty charge notices for on-street parking offences
Penalty Charge Notices 1999 2000 2001 2002
London local authorities(1)
Penalty charge notices issued 3,663.5 4,020.9 4,221.9 4,798.8 of which Paid within 14 days 1,412.3 1,418.6 1,835.6 2,017.6 Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 387.7 388.1 444.0 517.8 Paid after charge certificate served .. .. 96.6 130.9
Sub-total paid 1,800.1 1,806.7 2,376.2 2,666.2
Cases going for adjudication 39.0 33.5 32.0 64.1Number of certificates registered 537.5 539.5 827.8 990.1No further action taken(2) 672.6 539.4 611.9 1,014.7
Total (3) 3,049.1 2,919.0 3,847.9 4,735.0
Number of vehicles wheelclamped 77.6 83.0 93.5 107.6Number of vehicles removed 43.6 71.0 36.1 97.9
Other local authoritiesPenalty charge notices issued 292.1 634.4 1,081.1 1,614.3 of which Paid within 14 days 162.9 334.6 550.6 775.3 Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 34.1 58.2 135.3 213.7 Paid after charge certificate served 9.6 26.8 33.5 49.9
Sub-total paid 206.6 419.6 719.4 1,038.8
Cases going for adjudication 1.4 1.8 2.9 5.1Number of certificates registered 26.1 78.4 113.6 223.4No further action taken(2) 44.5 94.1 163.2 294.0
Total (3) 278.5 593.8 999.1 1,561.4
Number of vehicles wheelclamped(4) 0.4 2.1 2.6 4.0Number of vehicles removed(4) 4.8 11.2 14.3 22.2
Number of local authorities issuing PCNs 9 25 44 61
EnglandPenalty charge notices issued 3,955.6 4,655.3 5,303.0 6,413.1 of which Paid within 14 days 1,575.2 1,753.2 2,386.2 2,792.8 Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 421.8 446.3 579.2 731.5 Paid after charge certificate served 9.6 26.8 130.1 180.7
Sub-total paid 2,006.6 2,226.2 3,095.6 3,705.0
Cases going for adjudication 40.4 35.2 34.9 69.2Number of certificates registered 563.6 617.8 941.4 1,213.4No further action taken(2) 717.1 633.5 775.0 1,308.7
Total (3) 3,327.7 3,512.9 4,847.0 6,296.3
Number of vehicles wheelclamped(4) 78.0 85.1 96.1 111.5Number of vehicles removed(4) 48.4 82.2 50.4 120.1
Number of local authorities issuing PCNs(5) 10 26 45 62
(1) Figures included for some London local authorities will be for both on-street and off-street parking offences(2) Where the PCN is written off, for example, the motorist cannot be traced or the PCN is cancelled due to parking attendant error or successful representation.(3) This figure excludes notices still being processed and for some local authorities will include those issued in the previous period but recorded as payment in 2002.(4) Not all local authorities collect this data.(5) All London local authorities within the scheme are counted as one for this table.
Thousands of notices
Table 23 Penalty charge notices for on-street parking offences
Penalty Charge Notices 1999 2000 2001 2002
London local authorities(1)
Paid within 14 days 46.3 48.6 47.7 42.6Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 12.7 13.3 11.5 10.9Paid after charge certificate served .. .. 2.5 2.8
Sub-total paid 59.0 61.9 61.8 56.3
Cases going for adjudication 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.4Number of certificates registered 17.6 18.5 21.5 20.9No further action taken(2) 22.1 18.5 15.9 21.4
Total 100 100 100 100
Other local authoritiesPaid within 14 days 58.5 56.3 55.1 49.7Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 12.2 9.8 13.5 13.7Paid after charge certificate served 3.4 4.5 3.4 3.2
Sub-total paid 74.2 70.7 72.0 66.5
Cases going for adjudication 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3Number of certificates registered 9.4 13.2 11.4 14.3No further action taken(2) 16.0 15.8 16.3 18.8
Total 100 100 100 100
EnglandPaid within 14 days 47.3 49.9 49.2 44.4Paid after 14 days but before service of charge certificate 12.7 12.7 11.9 11.6Paid after charge certificate served 0.3 0.8 2.7 2.9
Sub-total paid 60.3 63.4 63.9 58.8
Cases going for adjudication 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.1Number of certificates registered 16.9 17.6 19.4 19.3No further action taken(2) 21.5 18.0 16.0 20.8
Total 100 100 100 100
(1) Figures included for some London local authorities will be for both on-street and off-street parking offences(2) Where the PCN is written off, for example, the motorist cannot be traced or the PCN is cancelled due to
Percentages of offences
parking attendant error or successful representation.
42
NOTES Motoring Offences Sources of previous statistics 1. Statistics for the years 1928 - 1976 were published annually as a return to the House of Commons and for 1977 - 1979 as a Command Paper (for 1979 Cmnd 8087). Statistics for 1980 to 2001 were published in Statistical Bulletins and in more detailed tables published separately ('Offences relating to Motor Vehicles, England and Wales, Supplementary Tables') – see note 14. The bulletins and supplementary tables are available free from the Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate at the address in note 24. Coverage of the statistics 2. The term "motor vehicle" in this bulletin means a mechanically propelled vehicle intended or adapted for use on roads, and includes motor cycles, motor scooters, mechanically propelled invalid carriages, road rollers and tractors. 3. The statistics shown are for offences dealt with by means of written warnings or formal cautions, Vehicle Defect Rectification Scheme notices, fixed penalty notices, penalty charge notices or court proceedings. Offences dealt with by an oral warning or a "no further action" letter are not covered. 4. All the figures in this bulletin are based on a comprehensive recording procedure. However, despite the care which is taken by the police in completing the returns and by the Home Office in analysing them, the figures are of necessity subject to the inaccuracies inherent in any large-scale recording system of this kind and so the figures are not necessarily accurate to the last digit shown. The figures for some prosecutions involving minor motoring offences are likely to be less accurate. 5. In 1994 South Wales Police were not able to supply all the returns for summary proceedings within the required timescale. In 1995, technical problems prevented the processing of multiple returns of some summary motoring proceedings and Lincolnshire Police were not able to supply all the returns for drink driving prosecutions. In 1996, West Mercia were unable to supply details of summary motoring prosecutions for the months of November and December. In 1999 Lancashire Police did not supply all motoring prosecutions for the last quarter of the year. Tables incorporating information about court proceedings in this bulletin include estimates for all these shortfalls. Table 9, however, contains no such estimation, in order to preserve comparability with Table 3.1 of 'Criminal Statistics' which contains no adjustment. Also in 1999 the Metropolitan Police were unable to supply details of fixed penalty notices for the month of October and estimates have been made for this shortfall in the tables in which numbers of fixed penalties are included. 6. In 2000 Staffordshire police were only able to supply a 9% sample of court proceedings data covering one full week in each quarter. This data has been used to estimate the total number of defendants for which magistrates’ court proceedings were completed in that area. Hence all Staffordshire figures for 2000 are estimates and the England and Wales figures for 2000 have been constructed using these estimates.
43
Norfolk police in 2000 were not able to supply all the returns for summary proceedings within the required timescale and for the first time, problems were encountered with the electronic submission of data directly from the courts – resulting in shortfalls in summary motoring offences for Northamptonshire from June onwards. The shortfalls in 2000 for both Norfolk and Northamptonshire are estimated at approximately 10,000 summary motoring offences. In 2001 Northamptonshire continued with its shortfall of summary motoring offences which is estimated at approximately 19,000. Furthermore a single month's shortfall or part thereof was found for court proceedings summary motoring offences (10,000) at Humberside, Merseyside, Staffordshire and Surrey police forces. The estimates for 2000 and 2001 have not been included in this bulletin. As a result of an error in data processing procedures there was also a shortfall in the recording of data proceedings at the Crown Court in 2001. In consequence national data has been revised. 7. In 2002 Northamptonshires’ continuing shortfall for summary motoring offences is estimated at approximately 18,000 proceedings. Part shortfalls (4,000) were also found for Merseyside, Norfolk and Gwent. These estimates have not been included in this bulletin. 8. Figures for penalty charge notices in London include off street parking offences which are not covered by fixed penalty notices issued by the police (including traffic wardens). Figures for 1995 include estimates made by the Transport Committee for London to cover shortfalls in the returns made. 9. Following publication of 2000 data Northamptonshire police force revised their 2000 figures for the number of fixed penalty notices issued for speeding offences from 70,300 to 34,800 (a decrease of 35,500). In consequence, national data has been revised. Counting basis 10. A person appearing in court can be dealt with for more than one offence at that appearance. Except in Table 9, the tables show the numbers of offences or alleged offences dealt with and not the number of persons appearing in court. This method of counting differs from the principal offence basis used in Table 9 and for tables relating to court proceedings in "Criminal Statistics, England and Wales, 2002" (Cm 6054) and described in Appendix 2, paragraph 13 of that publication. In Table 3, 'number of persons' relates to the number of separate occasions on which persons received written warnings. The tables on fixed penalty and VDRS notices (Tables 4 - 7) show the number of notices issued. For fixed penalty notices, only one offence can be dealt with in this manner on each occasion, but for VDRS notices, a number of defects can be covered by a single notice. 11. Deferred sentences, when first imposed, are not included in the statistics; the offence is included in the figures for the year in which the final sentence was given. 12. The following cases are not included in the table on disqualifications and endorsements:
44
(a) disqualifications ordered under Section 28(1) of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 in respect of offences under Section 25 of the Theft Act 1968 (going equipped for stealing, etc.) with reference to the theft or taking of a motor vehicle. (b) disqualifications ordered under Section 44 of the Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973 which empowers the Crown Court to order an offender who used a vehicle in the commission of an offence to be disqualified from driving. (c) licences suspended pending their production to court (under the terms of Section 27(3) of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988). Legislation affecting the tables 13. Changes in legislation and practice which have affected the statistics for the years 1974 - 1979 are listed in pages 3 and 4 of Cmnd 8087. Some of the major changes in these and more recent years are listed below:
(a) offences which prior to repeal by the Criminal Law Act 1977 could have been prosecuted as 'dangerous' driving may now be prosecuted as either 'reckless' or 'careless' driving. Offences of driving after consuming alcohol or taking drugs were made summary offences by this Act.
(b) from 14 March 1982 the fixed penalty was increased to £10, and on 17 February 1986 to £12; on 1 October 1986, with the introduction of extended fixed penalties (see (g) below), the penalty for non-endorsable offences was set at £12 and that for endorsable offences at £24. These penalties were raised to £16 and £32 respectively on 1 April 1990. From 1 April 1992 the penalties were again raised as follows: £40 and 3 penalty points for an endorsable offence; £40 for illegal parking on a red route; £30 for illegal parking in London other than on a red route; £20 for other non-endorsable offences. From the 1 November 2000 the penalties were raised as follows: £60 and 3 penalty points for an endorsable offence; £60 for illegal parking on a red route in Greater London; £40 for illegal parking in Greater London other than on a red route; £30 for other non-endorsable offences. (c) the offence of failing to wear a seat belt was introduced on 31 January 1983 for driver and front seat passengers and was extended on 1 September 1989 to cover children under 14 in the back seat where seat belts or child rests are fitted. Further regulations covering people aged 14 and over were introduced in 1993. (d) from 1 January 1983 a system of penalty points for endorsable offences was introduced under the Transport Act 1981. For all apart from four offence categories, each offence has a fixed number of penalty points that may be imposed, between 1 and 10, depending on the severity of the offence.
45
(e) on 6 May 1983, under the Transport Act 1981, the use of breath analysis to establish the level of alcohol in the body was introduced for the purpose of evidence in court. (f) in 1982, the first Vehicle Defect Rectification Scheme was introduced in Nottinghamshire. Several other forces introduced similar schemes over the years to 1986 and most introduced them on 1 October 1986 to coincide with implementation of the extended fixed penalty system. The remaining forces introduced schemes by 1 April 1987. All schemes operate on similar principles and are designed to ensure that the defective vehicle which has come to police notice is either repaired or scrapped. Under the scheme the driver is offered the opportunity of repairing the defects or scrapping the vehicle and producing evidence of this to the police within a fixed period of time. The driver will not then be reported for prosecution. (g) on 1 October 1986, the extended fixed penalty system was introduced as provided for in the Transport Act 1982. Under this system, the police can issue fixed penalty notices for a much wider range of offences than previously; the arrangements for dealing with unpaid notices were also changed so that the court could automatically register an unpaid notice as a fine without any court appearance. The fine imposed was set at 50 per cent higher than the original fixed penalty. The introduction of the system required many forces to use new computer systems which may have resulted in changes to the quality of the data received. A new statistical return was also introduced which distinguished only the broad category of offence for which a notice has been issued. (h) the Crown Prosecution Service was introduced in 1986, taking on responsibility for the conduct of all proceedings instituted by the police, with the exception of specified proceedings, mostly more minor motoring; an offence however ceases to be specified if the defendant does not plead guilty by post. Non-police prosecutions are not affected. (i) the Criminal Justice Act 1988, included the following changes which were effective from 1 October 1988: Sections 37, 40 and 41 - the offences of taking a motor vehicle or other conveyance without authority etc. and driving while disqualified were made summary offences. However these and some other summary offences may be included in certain circumstances in an indictment with an indictable offence. Also summary offences punishable with imprisonment or involving obligatory or discretionary disqualification from driving may also be included in certain circumstances in an indictment with a triable either way offence committed for trial to the Crown Court. Section 63 - chief officers of police can now authorise persons other than constables to give fixed penalty notices at a police station. Section 68 - the minimum disqualification for the offence of causing death by reckless driving increased from 1 to 2 years. (j) the Aggravated Vehicle Taking Act 1992, added three new offences to the Theft Act 1968, effective from 1 April 1992. Two were triable either way, the first involving aggravated taking of a vehicle where, owing to the driving of the vehicle, an
46
accident occurs causing the death of any person, and the second where the vehicle was driven dangerously, where injury to any person or damage to any property was caused, or where damage was caused to the vehicle. The third was a summary offence, involving aggravated taking of a vehicle where the only aggravating factor is criminal damage of £2,000 or under. (k) the Road Traffic Act 1991, effective from 1 July 1992 : (i) amended the charge of reckless driving to one of dangerous driving and added a new offence of causing death by careless driving when under the influence of drink or drugs. (ii) enabled the use of automatic camera devices for road traffic law enforcement. Once the driver has been identified, the action taken could either be the issue of a fixed penalty notice or court proceedings. The decision as to whether to issue a fixed penalty notice is a matter for the police. The issue of a fixed penalty notice is conditional, and it does not become a substantive notice until complied with. Even then, if the offender's licence shows that the offender would be liable to disqualification under the totting up procedure, the case returns to the police for consideration of prosecution. (iii) allowed local authorities to enforce parking controls within Special Parking Areas by parking attendants. If a vehicle is left otherwise than as authorised a penalty charge notice may be issued. These notices must be paid within 28 days, but if paid within 14 days there is a reduction in the charge. After 28 days, a process will be initiated to recover the debt which can lead to action in the County Court. The Act specifies that contravention of orders relating to Special Parking Areas is no longer a criminal offence, although in this bulletin we continue to refer to 'parking offences'. During 1994 all the London Boroughs (and the City of London) were using parking attendants, most beginning in July 1994, but some from earlier dates. The figures in this bulletin for London include both on and off-street parking offences. No local authority outside London was using parking attendants during 1995, but Winchester City Council (Hampshire police area) began issuing penalty charge notices in 1996. Up to and including 2002 there are 61 local authorities outside London issuing penalty charge notices that cover on-street parking only. In London, penalty charges vary, depending on location, but were set at £30 - £60 until April 1999, when they were increased to between £40 and £80, but are reduced by 50 per cent if paid within 14 days. (l) the Government’s Road Safety Strategy launched in March 2000 contained a commitment to developing a funding mechanism that allowed all agencies involved in safety camera enforcement to be able to cover their costs. This hypothecation, or netting-off scheme was piloted in eight police force areas across Great Britain (seven of which were in England and Wales) between April 2000 and March 2002. Following the success of the pilot scheme, the Government allowed netting-off to be rolled out nationally from August 2001.
47
Extension to the ‘standard list’ of offences 14. From 1 January 1996 three important categories of motoring offence have become standard list offences. This means that from that date onwards it will be possible to trace, for statistical and research purposes, the criminal careers of samples of offenders sentenced for such offences on the Home Office Offenders Index. The offences are as follows:
Dangerous driving (it had previously only been a standard list offence when tried on indictment);
Driving or attempting to drive a motor vehicle while having a breath, urine or blood alcohol concentration in excess of a prescribed limit;
Driving whilst disqualified from holding or obtaining a licence.
For further information please contact Andrew Kalinsky. His address is as follows: Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate RDS-NOMS Reconviction Analysis Section Room 419, Horseferry House Dean Ryle Street London, SW1P 2AW Telephone: 020 7217 8786
Breath Tests
Methods of collection and accuracy of results 15. Reporting of breath tests is not comprehensive and negative tests are less well reported than positive tests. From 1992 onwards a new return was introduced, which required police forces only to give the total number of screening tests, and the sum of positive and refused tests. The introduction of this new return may have altered the level of recording compared with earlier years. Following the introduction of new breath testing equipment in Greater Manchester in 1998, it became apparent that the total number of tests had been over-estimated in 1997 and adjustments were made which were initially reflected in the 1998 bulletin. The figures for Greater Manchester and the England and Wales totals in 1997 were reduced by some 60,000. 16. Following a comparison between the number of positive breath tests reported by each police force in 2002 and the number of court proceedings for drink/driving related offences, it became clear that there was under-reporting in a number of forces. As a result Essex, Staffordshire, Gwent, Hertfordshire, the Metropolitan Police, Dyfed-Powys and South Wales, court proceedings figures have been substituted for the positive breath test figures, and in the case of West Midlands, arrest figures for drink/driving. Similar adjustments were also made to various forces data between 1998 - 2001. It also
48
known that for Lancashire police force, there is a shortfall in the numbers of recorded positive/refused breath tests due to inconsistencies in the Constabulary’s processes. 17. Numbers in the tables have been rounded to the nearest 100. Components may not add exactly to the rounded totals.
Legislation affecting the figures 18. Section 25 and Schedule 8 of the Transport Act 1981 amended the drinking and driving provisions in the Road Traffic Act 1972. The new measures took effect in May 1983; the main change affecting the figures was the introduction of a new, faster method of measuring the concentration of alcohol in the body for evidential purposes by breath measurement. This streamlining of procedures was associated with an increase in the number of screening tests reported. These sections of the Act were renumbered (but otherwise unchanged) in the Road Traffic Act 1988. Screening breath tests 19. The police can require a person to take a screening breath test, if they have reasonable cause to suspect that the person has been driving or attempting to drive with alcohol in his body (Section 6(1) of the Road Traffic Act 1988), that he has committed a moving traffic offence (Section 6(1)), or that he has been involved in an accident (Section 6(2)). A person failing to provide a breath test is guilty of an offence, unless there is a reasonable excuse.
Evidential breath tests 20. For the purposes of evidence in court, breath analysis was introduced in May 1983. It did not change the prescribed alcohol limit which continues to be for blood and urine tests, 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood or 107 mg per 100 ml urine. The equivalent breath alcohol limit is expressed as 35 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml breath.
Symbols used in the tables
21. The following symbols are used in the tables:
* not applicable .. not available 0 less than half the final digit shown, or, in tables of percentages, less than
0.5 per cent. - nil
49
Supplementary Tables 22. The following tables are contained in the companion volumes 'Offences relating to motor vehicles, Supplementary tables, England and Wales 2001'. These can be obtained free of charge from the address in note 24 or on the RDS website (see note 26). Table 1 Motoring offences dealt with by official police action by offence group Table 2 Proceedings at magistrates’ courts by offence type and outcome Table 3 Findings of guilt at magistrates’ courts by offence type and sentence or order
imposed Table 4 Sentences of immediate (unsuspended) imprisonment imposed at magistrates'
courts by length of sentence Table 5(a) Sentences of young offenders institution imposed at magistrates' courts by length
of sentence Table 5(b) Sentences of Detention and Training Orders imposed at magistrates' courts by
length of sentence Table 6 Fines imposed at magistrates' courts by offence group and amount Table 7 Proceedings for trial at the Crown Court by offence type and outcome Table 8 Proceedings at the Crown Court for sentencing after summary conviction by
offence type and sentence or order imposed Table 9 Sentences of immediate (unsuspended) imprisonment imposed at the Crown
Court by length of sentence Table 10(a) Sentences of young offender institution imposed at the Crown Court by length of
sentence Table 10(b) Sentences of Detention and Training Orders imposed at the Crown Court by
length of sentence Table 11 Fines imposed at trials at the Crown Court by offence group and amount Table 12 Fines imposed at the Crown Court on sentencing after summary conviction by
offence group and amount Table 13 Driving licence endorsements and disqualifications imposed at magistrates'
courts by offence group and period of disqualification Table 14 Driving licence endorsements and disqualifications imposed at the Crown Court
by offence group and period of disqualification Table 15 Findings of guilt at all courts for offences of driving etc. after consuming alcohol
or taking drugs by offence type and age group of offender Table 16(a) Proceedings at magistrates courts by offence group and police force area Table 16(b) Findings of guilt at all courts by offence group and police force area Table 17 Findings of guilt at all courts by offence group, sex and age of offender Table 18 Written warnings for motoring offences by offence group and police force area Table 19 Vehicle Defect Rectification Scheme notices issued and complied with by police
force area Table 20(a) Fixed penalty notices issued for all offences by offence group and police force
area
50
Table 20(b) Fixed penalty notices issued for endorsable offences by offence group and police force area
Table 20(c) Fixed penalty notices issued for non-endorsable offences by offence group and police force area
Table 21(a) Fixed penalty notices by result and police force area - numbers Table 21(b) Fixed penalty notices by result and police force area - percentages Table 22(a) Penalty charge notices by result and local authority area – numbers Table 22(b) Penalty charge notices by result and local authority area – percentages
51
Enquiries and next bulletin issue 23. This bulletin has been prepared by the Offending and Criminal Justice Group, based on data obtained by the Data Collection Group, both of which form part of the Research, Development and Statistics Directorate of the Home Office. Information on penalty charge notices was supplied by the Transport Committee for London and the various local authorities outside London. If you have any enquiries about figures in this bulletin or wish to request further analysis of the data (a fee may be charged) please contact the Offending and Criminal Justice Group. The address is as follows:
Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate
Offending and Criminal Justice Group 18th Floor
Leon House 233 High Street Croydon, Surrey, CR0 9XT
Telephone: 020 8760 1680 (Motoring offences) 020 8760 1546 (Breath Tests) 020 8760 1096 (Decriminalised Parking) FAX: 020 8760 1508
Email to: [email protected]) 24. Further copies of this and previous bulletins, or other Home Office Statistical Bulletins, may be obtained from:
Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate Room 264 50 Queen Anne's Gate London
SW1H 9AT Telephone: 020 7273 2084 Fax: 020 7222 0211 Email: [email protected]
25. Press enquiries should be addressed to: Home Office Communication Directorate Press Office 50 Queen Anne's Gate London
SW1H 9AT Telephone: 020 7273 4610
26. Many publications, including this bulletin and the Supplementary tables for 2002, are downloadable from the RDS website at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/index.htm
52
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND STATISTICS DIRECTORATE MISSION STATEMENT
RDS is part of the Home Office. The Home Office's purpose is to build a safe, just and
tolerant society in which the rights and responsibilities of individuals, families and
communities are properly balanced and the protection and security of the public are
maintained.
RDS is also part of National Statistics (NS). One of the aims of NS is to inform Parliament
and the citizen about the state of the nation and provide a window on the work and
performance of government, allowing the impact of government policies and actions to be
assessed.
Therefore -
Research Development and Statistics Directorate exists to improve policy making, decision taking and practice in support of the Home Office purpose and aims, to provide the public and Parliament with information necessary for informed debate and to publish information for future use.