motivation in sport. motivation -- overview one of the more important themes in psychology widely...
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Motivation in Sport
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Motivation -- Overview
One of the more important themes in psychology
Widely researched in sport & exercise What factor(s) lead us to engage in the
behaviors that we do?
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Katie Spotz
Interview w D. Sawyer (iSkysoft)
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Motivation
Motivation -- Purpose for or cause of an action:» Energizes behaviors, &» Directs that energy toward a goal» It is the Energy for Action
Human behavior directed by physiological needs and psychological needs/wants» Hunger/thirst» Need for connection/contact/sex» Need for stimulation/exploration» Need to improve self, to live up to one’s
potential
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Motivation Terms
Intrinsic motivation» Motivation derived from an internal source
Extrinsic motivation» Motivated by some outside force
Motivation is a function of individual via environment
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Interactionist model of motivation
Combined effect of personal (individual factors) & (environment) situational factors
Lewin (1936) B = f(P, E)
Example: Bo Eason
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Optimal Motivational Profile
What might an optimal profile look like?» Self-discipline» Enjoyment» Realistic self-confidence» Attitude toward failure (growth vs. fixed mindset)» Goal-directed» Other factors?
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Participatory Motives
Some questions:» Why do people start participating?» Why do people stop participating or decide
to continue?» Research is primarily conducted with youth
sport
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Participatory Motives
Parents are initial socializing agents Peers begin to increase in importance
around age 10 and continue to increase with age
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Participatory Motives
»Self-Determination Theory– Developed at U of Rochester (Deci & Ryan)
– Not sport-specific
– A broad framework for studying motivation
– Proposes that we have three basic psychological needs: Autonomy, competence, and relationship
– For more, see: Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
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You never hear…
“Dr., how can I motivate my two-year old to play?!”
Why not?
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Autonomy
The urge to be a ¨causal agent” in one’s own life.» Volition, willingness, and choice» Interest and enjoyment» Acting in concert with deeply held values» Leads to more creativity and persistence, teamwork,
and psychological/physical health(Compare this to “controlled” motivation, which is the carrot/stick
model. Typically, whether coerced or rewarded, the person usually works towards the shortest path to success.)
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Competence Seeking to achieve
mastery The inherent reward of
success/mastery We should structure sports
and practices so that competence is gained (at any level). Think about deliberate practice…
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Relatedness
We are SOCIAL animals:
We have a need to:» Connect» Interact» Experience caring for and from others