motivation at work ◦ the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something ◦ a...
TRANSCRIPT
Motivation at Motivation at Work Work
◦the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something
◦a feeling of enthusiasm, interest, or commitment that makes somebody want to do something, or something that causes such a feeling
Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!
Earn money to buy food and the basic necessities for life.
Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!
Other Reasons include◦To make new friends◦To have Job Security◦Sense of
Achievement / Importance
◦Sense of Identity◦Satisfying Ambition
MotivationMotivationIt’s the reason why employees
want to work hard and work effectively for the business.
Employees are a firm’s greatest asset!
Motivational TheoriesMotivational TheoriesPeople
◦work for themselves◦work hard & effectively because
◦ see the direct benefits.People
◦working for someone else ◦may not work as hard or effectively as a
result◦ not seeing THEIR benefits
Motivation◦Task of Management◦ Needed for success of the business
Motivational TheoriesMotivational Theories
Taylor Maslow Herzberg Locke 1911 1954 1959 1968
F.W. TaylorF.W. TaylorStarted as a Factory
Labourer in America in the 1880s
Rose to Chief EngineerConducted Experiments
on how Labour Productivity could be increased
Devised Piece Rate system to increase productivity
F.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsF.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsAssumption
◦“all individuals are motivated by personal gain”
Stated◦paid more◦individuals work
more effectively.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs
Wages high enough to cover bills
Job Security
Support from work colleagues
Recognized for your efforts
Promotions & increased
responsibilityThe top two are higher-order needs.
The first three are lower-order needs.
-----------------------
Herzberg - Two-Factor Herzberg - Two-Factor TheoryTheory
1. Hygiene factors- salary and security. Improving these lowers dissatisfaction but doesn't improve motivation or satisfaction
2. Motivators- recognition, responsibility, work itself, achievement, advancement - these lead to increased motivation
Herzberg – Human NeedsHerzberg – Human Needs
Why do people work?Why do people work?
WhyWork?
Money Security
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Job Satisfactio
n
Motivating FactorsMotivating FactorsMonetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsJob Satisfaction
Monetary RewardsMonetary RewardsPay
Wages
Time RateDisadvantages
◦Takes time◦Good/bad workers paid
the same◦More supervision needed
Costly / Expensive
◦Constant supervision needed Production amounts &
quality
◦Clocking in system
Wage CalculationWage Calculation
Wage CalculationWage Calculation
Piece Rate
Wage CalculationWage CalculationPiece RateAdvantages & Disadvantages
SalariesSalaries
Salary CalculationSalary CalculationYearly Income / 12Extra Work
◦included◦usually not paid for
Calculated once a monthStandard Rate
◦Set amount of money◦Basic Salary
Salary RewardsSalary Rewards
Salary Rewards
Commission
Bonus
Profit Sharing
Performance
Related Pay
Share Ownership
Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsPerks / Fringe BenefitsVary – Seniority
◦Factory Worker Discounts on products
◦Senior Manager Company Car House Expense Account
Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards
Discounts on Products
Health CareCompany VehicleFuel CardFree Accommodation
Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards
Housing AllowanceShare OptionsExpense AccountsPension SchemesFree Trips /
Holidays
Job SatisfactionJob SatisfactionHappy Workers
◦Employees enjoy their work/job
◦More committed to their work
◦Work more effectively◦Motivated Positively
Unhappy Workers◦Poor Management◦Employees treated badly◦Factors perceived badly
Fringe Benefits, Rate of Pay
Job Satisfaction IdeasJob Satisfaction Ideas
Pay Opportunity for Promotion
Working Conditions
Fringe Benefits Employee Management
Working Hours
Job SatisfactionJob Satisfaction
Colleagues Nature of Work Responsibility
Sense of Achievement
Status
Recognition Training
Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Rotation
◦ Workers swap duties
◦ Specific Task for a period of time
◦ Increases Variety
◦ Easier for Managers to move workers for cover
◦ DOES NOT make tasks more interesting
Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enlargement
◦ Extra Tasks◦ Similar level of work◦ Added to job
description◦ Adds variety
◦ Do not add extra work
◦ Do not increase responsibility
Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enrichment
◦ Add tasks with more skills / responsibility
◦ Additional Training may be needed
◦ Redesigning jobs
◦ Scope for fulfilling higher human needs
◦ Workers more committed
◦ Raises Productivity
Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous
Work Groups & Teamworking
◦ Group given responsibility for a particular process, product or development
◦ Decide how to complete
the task organize jobs
Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous
Work Groups & Teamworking
Workers◦ more involved◦ decision making◦ responsibility◦ control – jobs &
tasks◦ more committed
Motivating Factors at all Motivating Factors at all LevelsLevels