1. Motivating Students Visual Blog by Linda Buckmaster 2. As parents and educators, we often focus on results and external motivators by dangling praise and rewards to children. 3. When students reach college, their desire to learn shifts to a quest for grades. Some become disengaged as they do not see relevance in this quest. Educators then feel the need to resort to motivating by offering the carrot and stick. 4. Motivation is key... Motivation regulates all human behaviour and unless, our students have it (and more importantly sustain it) they are not going to gain the skills required in the global workplace. 5. We cannot motivate students; we can only create the conditions in which students can motivate themselves. We cannot MAKE kids learn; we can make them behave a certain way, memorize and complete tasks in the short-term when we are supervising them but this does not mean they are gaining the skills and receiving the support needed to be learners. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan; the University of Rochester (2009) 6. MOTIVATIONAL LADDER The challenge of a learning activity is represented as a ladder. The bar moves up the ladder from boredom, to flow, to anxiety as a button that increases challenge is pushed. The bar moves back down the ladder as the button to decrease the challenge is pushed. At the bottom of the ladder is boredom, which occurs when a student is not sufficiently challenged. Click here for animation ladder or go to end of sliideshow 7. Flow Jeff Wilhelm PhD research (2006) shows a link to Czikszentmihalyi's (1990) conditions of "flow" experience. Required conditions for situated motivation and flow: Clear goals Continual feedback A sense of developing competence Challenge that requires an appropriate level of skill Focus on the immediate experience 8. Strategies to increase students' classroom motivation: Turner and Paris (1995) term these as the Six C's of Motivation: choice, challenge, control, collaboration, constructing meaning, and consequences. These strategies are extremely flexible and can be modified and adapted as needed. 9. Ms Williams adopts the Six Cs of Motivation in her classroom. Her students work in groups publishing a newspaper in English. Ms. Williams lets the group choose the topic for their stories; they take control, and collaborate together. The teacher helps the students construct meaning by relating the project to the real world. Students are motivated because the newspaper will be published. SIX C's OF MOTIVATION MS WILLIAMS MOVIE 10. Student motivation is probably the primary and the most critical challenge facing teachers. Its under our control to make sure our classrooms are motivating environments 11. http://www.coe.uga.edu/epltt/images/6csAnimation.swf Shiang-Kwei Wang and Seungyeon Han The University of Georgia http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/affective/motivation.html Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper & Row. Smith, M. W., & Wilhelm. J. (2002). "Reading don't fix no Chevys": Literacy in the lives of young men. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Smith, M. and Wilhelm, J. 2006 Going with the Flow. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Movie link: Motivational ladder www.coe.uga.edu/epltt/images/flow.swf