Motion

Motion Vocabulary1. motion

2. speed

3. velocity

4. acceleration

5. force

6. newton

7. net force

8. friction

9. gravity

10. weight

11. mass

12. terminal velocity

13. free fall

14. projectile motion

15. inertia

16. momentum

17. work

18. joule

19. power

20. watt

21. work input

22. work output

23. wave

24. transverse wave

25. longitudinal wave

26. amplitude

27. wavelength

28. reflection

29. refraction

Speed vs. Velocity

Speed - SI unit m/s

distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred

Velocity – SI unit m/s plus direction

speed of an object in a particular direction

Acceleration – pg. 514

rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change.

a = v2 – v1/ t

Force – SI unit N – pg. 517

a push or a pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of the object; force has size and direction

net force – combination of all the forces acting on an object

balanced force – when the forces on an object produce a net force of 0 N

copy question & answer in notebook

1. How is velocity different from speed?

2. How does the direction of the net force on a object compare to the direction of its motion?

3. How does a net force of 0 N impact an object’s motion?

Friction – pg. 521

a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

kinetic friction – pg. 522 static friction – pg. 523

Gravity – pg. 527

a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses

mass affects gravitational force – pg. 528

distance affects gravitational force – pg. 529

weight vs. mass

weight

measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

mass

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Newton’s 1st law of motion

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

Newton’s 2nd law

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

F = m x a

a = F/m

Newton’s 3rd law

When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

Momentum

p = m x va quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object

Science math equations to know

speed average speed = total distance / total time

s = d / t

Newton’s 2nd law Force = mass x acceleration

F = m x a

acceleration average acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity / time

a = v2 – v1 / t

momentum momentum = mass x velocity

p = m x v