mosquito control pesticide exposure and how to respond to public concerns presented by brian j....
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MOSQUITO CONTROL MOSQUITO CONTROL PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND
HOW TO RESPOND TO HOW TO RESPOND TO PUBLIC CONCERNSPUBLIC CONCERNS
Presented ByPresented By
Brian J. Hughes, PhDBrian J. Hughes, PhD
at theat the
Arbovirus Surveillance Arbovirus Surveillance Workshop Friday, May 2, 2003Workshop Friday, May 2, 2003
Risk Communication IssuesRisk Communication Issues
The expert responds to The expert responds to hazard;hazard;
The public responds to The public responds to outrage.outrage.
--Peter SandmanPeter Sandman
What triggers OutrageWhat triggers Outrage
AcceptableAcceptableVoluntaryVoluntaryNaturalNaturalFamiliarFamiliarKnowableKnowableContinualContinualEasily Easily UnderstoodUnderstoodSelf controlledSelf controlled
UnacceptableUnacceptableForcedForcedMan madeMan madeEsotericEsotericConfidentialConfidentialCatastrophicCatastrophicDifficultDifficultOutside Outside personal controlpersonal control
Toxicity CategoriesToxicity CategoriesLD and LCLD and LC5050s – Amount of chemical to kill 50% of an animal s – Amount of chemical to kill 50% of an animal
populationpopulation
LDLD5050 LCLC5050
CategorCategoryy
Signal Signal WordWord
OralOral
mg/kgmg/kgDermalDermal
mg/kgmg/kgInhalatioInhalationn
mg/Lmg/L
II DangerDanger < 50< 50 <200<200 <.2<.2
IIII WarninWarningg
50 thru 50 thru 500500
200 200 thru thru 2,0002,000
.2 thru 2.2 thru 2
IIIIII CautioCautionn
<500 <500 thru thru 5,0005,000
2,000 2,000 thru thru 20,00020,000
2 thru 202 thru 20
IVIV CautioCautionn
>5,000>5,000 >20,00>20,0000
>20>20
Toxicity CategoriesToxicity Categories
CategoryCategory Signal Signal WordWord
Eye EffectsEye Effects Skin EffectsSkin Effects
II DangerDanger Corrosive, corneal Corrosive, corneal opacity not opacity not reversible within 7 reversible within 7 daysdays
CorrosiveCorrosive
IIII WarningWarning Corneal opacity Corneal opacity reversible within 7 reversible within 7 days; irritation days; irritation persisting for 7 persisting for 7 daysdays
Severe irritation Severe irritation at 72 hrsat 72 hrs
IIIIII CautionCaution No corneal opacity; No corneal opacity; irritation reversible irritation reversible within 7 dayswithin 7 days
Moderate Moderate irritation in 72 irritation in 72 hrshrs
IVIV CautionCaution No irritationNo irritation Mild or slight Mild or slight irritation at 72 irritation at 72 hrs.hrs.
PESTICIDE DOSE RESPONSE CURVENo observable effect levels = A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, or I
Acute or Chronic Toxicity = J, K, or L
DEETDEET
ToxicologyToxicology
LDLD5050 oral = 2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg oral = 2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg
LDLD5050 dermal = 3,150 mg/kg dermal = 3,150 mg/kg
Mildly irritating to the eyes and skinMildly irritating to the eyes and skin
Quickly metabolized in the body Quickly metabolized in the body and and completely eliminated in 1-3 completely eliminated in 1-3 daysdays
Serious adverse effects are Serious adverse effects are infrequent and infrequent and are generally associated are generally associated with gross over with gross over use of productuse of product
Efficacy of DEET RepellentsEfficacy of DEET RepellentsN Engl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 1N Engl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 1
ChemicalChemical % % Active Active
Mean Protection Time Mean Protection Time (hours)(hours)
DEETDEET 23.823.8 301.5301.5
DEETDEET 2020 234.4234.4
DEETDEET 6.656.65 112.4112.4
Soybean Soybean OilOil
22 94.694.6
DEETDEET 4.754.75 88.488.4
IR3535IR3535 7.57.5 22.922.9
CitronellaCitronella 1010 19.719.7
Bacillus Thuringiensis (var. Bacillus Thuringiensis (var. israelensis)*israelensis)*
LDLD5050 oral = 2,650 mg/kg oral = 2,650 mg/kg
LDLD5050 dermal = 6,280 mg/kg dermal = 6,280 mg/kg
Mildly irritating to the eyeMildly irritating to the eye
No chronic effectsNo chronic effects
Bacterial toxin specifically targeted to Bacterial toxin specifically targeted to receptors in the midgut of target insectreceptors in the midgut of target insect
May last up to 30 days in briquette formMay last up to 30 days in briquette form
* Formulated product* Formulated product
MalathionMalathion
LDLD5050 oral = 1,000 to 10,000 oral = 1,000 to 10,000
mg/kgmg/kg
LDLD5050 dermal = > 4,000 mg/kg dermal = > 4,000 mg/kg
Catagorized as “Slightly toxic”Catagorized as “Slightly toxic”
Acute symptoms occur at very high Acute symptoms occur at very high intake: headache, dizziness, intake: headache, dizziness, blurred vision, etc.blurred vision, etc.
ResmethrinResmethrin
LDLD5050 oral = 2,500 mg/kg oral = 2,500 mg/kg
LDLD5050 dermal = > 3,000 mg/kg dermal = > 3,000 mg/kg
LCLC50 50 inhalation = 9.49 mg/kg inhalation = 9.49 mg/kg
Chronic effects include changes in Chronic effects include changes in liver and thyroid at high levelsliver and thyroid at high levels
Catagorized as “Slightly Toxic”Catagorized as “Slightly Toxic”
Table 1: Selected Pesticides for Mosquito Table 1: Selected Pesticides for Mosquito
Control: Hazard Class and ToxicityControl: Hazard Class and Toxicity
ChlorpyrifosNaledMalathion
PyrethrinsResmethrinTemephos
Permethrin
Sumithrin*Methroprene*Bti*Bs*Mineral Oil*
Online ResourcesOnline Resources
ToxlineToxline
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.govhttp://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov
EXTOXNETEXTOXNET
http://http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnetace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet
EPAEPA
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/
http://www.epa.gov/iris/http://www.epa.gov/iris/
Outrage ReductionOutrage Reduction
Pay attention to unvoiced concerns or Pay attention to unvoiced concerns or underlying motivesunderlying motives
Share controlShare control
Stake out the middle not the Stake out the middle not the extremesextremes
Acknowledge prior misbehaviors or Acknowledge prior misbehaviors or current problemscurrent problems
Discuss achievements with humilityDiscuss achievements with humility