Morphology (Tagalog)Combo, Jasmine

PenielGatdula, Harry

Santelices, Andrew

BSCS3-3

•The study of the structure of words & how

words are formed.

•Morpheme: The smallest unit of language that carries meaning (maybe a word or

not a word)

VariationVA R I AT I O N I N L E X I C O N S

  Languages continuously change because it is a living organism. New words and new uses are being coined at a furious rate to describe new inventions and new experiences.

As always, new words are being created at the frontiers of science, industry, culture and society. So, aside from the geographical regional varieties we have also other varieties such as the academe/professional variety or speech registers.

The Filipino Visayan variety has the influence of the regional languages in the area such as Cebuano, Ilongo/Hiligaynon, Kiniray-a, Waray, Samarnon, Aklanon, etc., speakers of these languages would prefer the use of prefix mag in place of the Tagalog suffix um.

magdating (in place of dumating) to arrive

nagkain (in place of kumain) ate

magbasa (in place of bumasa) to read

mag-ulan (in place of umulan) rainedmagkain (in place of kakain) will eat

 Hence they will use:

  Meanwhile, a positive effect on Filipino, as the national language on lingua franca of the Philippines will be the infusion/eventually integration of some words and terms from the Visayan group of languages (Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilongo, Kiniray-a, Samarnon, Waray, Aklanon, etc.) These words and terms are not in the lexicon of the Tagalog-based Filipino. These, they can be a contribution to the development and enrichment of the national language.

some of these words are the following: 

abi-abi (welcome)bana (husband)gintaipan (horizon)kahirup (intimacy)vihud (fish eggs)kamingaw (nostalgia)pagbanlaw (resurrection)pag-uswag (development)tagbalay (host)

       The emergence of the various regional varieties of Filipino from the different ethnolinguistic groups and geographical regions contributed to the development of the national lingua franca and the enrichment of its vocabulary. There is additional contribution of words and terms.

Hence are some examples:        

payao (rice terraces)peyew (rice terraces)bulan (moon)adlaw (sun)aldaw (sun)vihud (fish eggs)cañao (a ritual)higala (a friend)kalinaw (peace)paglaun (hope)

Still other words from the different varieties of Filipino may end up as synonyms like maganda, magayon, matahum, maanyag.

English one two four person house

Tagalog isa dalawa apat tao bahay

Tombulu(Minahasa) esa zua (rua) epat tou walé

Central Bikol

saro duwa apat tawo harong

Rinconada Bikol

əsad darwā əpat tawō baləy

Waray usa duha upat tawo balay

Cebuano usa/isa duha upat tawo bala

y

Hiligaynon isa duha Apat tawo balay

Aklanon isaea, uno

daywa, dos

ap-at, kwatro tawo bae

ay

Kinaray-a sara darwa Apat tawo balay

Tausug hambuuk duwa upat tau bay

Maranao isa dowa phat taw walay

Kapampangan

metung adwa apat tau bale

Pangasinan sakey dua, duara

apat, apatira too abo

ng

Ilocano maysa dua uppat tao balay

DerivationAlso known as derivational affixation or

affixation

-um-

• Added to the verb through affixation or repetition to indicate past, present or future tense.

Root word

Kain (eat)

Alís (go)

Past tense /Infinitive

Kumain Umálís

Present tense

Kumákain Umáalís

Future tense

Kakain Áalís

Ma-Added to a noun to change into adjective

Root word Ma-

Gandá (beauty)

Magandá (beautiful)

Yáman (rich)

Mayáman (rich)

Bangó (fragrance)

Mabangó (fragrant)

compoundingCombine two or more morphemes to form new words

Full and partial compounding

CompoundingAnak = Child Araw = Day/SunRoot words

combinedNew words

Anak-araw (Maputi)Albino

Bahaghari RainbowSilid-aklatan Library

ReduplicationFull or partial repetition of a morpheme

Reduplication

Araw = day Gabi = night

Repetition (must put hyphen)

Meaning

Araw-araw Every dayGabi-gabi Every nightAalis Gomasasaya happy

References• VARIETIES OF FILIPINO - National

Commission for Culture and the Arts.pdf• "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Tagalog_language&oldid=733514215"• “http://www.cobocards.com/pool/de/list/

Filipino”• "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Filipino_language&oldid=731179318"

The EndCombo. Gatdula. Santelices. BSCS 3-3

Free Elective 2: Structure of Filipino Language