morphology of deciduous dentition
TRANSCRIPT
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MORPHOLOGY OF DECIDUOUS MORPHOLOGY OF DECIDUOUS TEETHTEETH
Dr jameel kifayatullah KCD
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Functions of primary teeth needed for efficient chewing of food provide support for lips and cheeks
maintaining a normal facial appearance and smile
formulation of clear speech critical for maintaining space for
permanent teeth to erupt
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Important times for tooth eruption
1. NO TEETH (EDENTULOUS)• From birth to 6 months old (approximately):There are no teeth visible within the mouth. 2. PRIMARY DENTITION ONLY• 6 months to 2 years old (approximately): All
primary teeth are erupting into the child’s mouth over this period.• 2 to 6 years old (approximately): All 20 primaryteeth are present; no permanent teeth are yet visiblein the mouth.
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Important times for eruption
3. MIXED DENTITION• 6 years old (approximately): Permanent teeth start to appear, beginning with the first molars (also called 6-year molars) just distal to the primary second molars. followed closely by the loss of the primary mandibular central
incisors, which are quickly replaced by the permanent mandibular central incisors.
• 6 to 9 years old: All eight permanent incisors replace primary incisors that are exfoliated (shed).
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Important times for eruption 9 to 12 years old: All four permanent
canines and eight premolars replace primary canines and molars.
• 12 years old: Second molars (also called 12-year molars) emerge distal to the permanent first molars.
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Important times for eruption4. ADULT DENTITION ONLY • After 12 years (second) Molars erupt,
28 permanent teeth are present, and all primary teeth have been exfoliated and replaced.
• 17 to 21 years old: Third molars (if present)
emerge.
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Deciduous versus permanent dentition
Smaller in sizeShorter crown height relative to total crown
root lengthGreater crown width mesiodistally relative to
inciso(occluso) gingival height Relatively longer roots than their
crowns compared to permanent teeth
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Deciduous versus permanent dentition
CERVICAL RIDGES on labial and lingual surface of anterior teeth
Buccal cervical ridges on deciduous molars Constricted cervix(squeezed in) Occlusal aspect: constricted occlusal table
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Deciduous versus permanent dentition Longer and thinner roots when compared to permanent teeth Flaring or spreading in deciduous molar roots.
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Pulp chamber deciduous v/s permanent teeth
Larger pulp chamber compared to permanent teeth
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Deciduous Dentition The layers of enamel and dentin of primary
teeth are thinner than on secondary teeth, so the pulp cavities are proportionally larger and therefore closer to the surface
Primary teeth are less mineralized so become very worn
Primate spaces: Interproximal spaces between primary teeth i.e b/w max lateral incisor and canine and b/w mandibular canine and first molar--- proper alignment of permanent
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Dental formula
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Deciduous teeth
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1. Prominent cervical ridges on facial surfaces run mesiodistally
2. The prominent lingual cingula seem to bulge and occupy about one third of the cervicoincisal length
3. No depressions, mamelons, or perikymata on the labial surface of the crowns of the primary incisors
TRAITS OF ALL PRIMARY ANTERIORTOOTH CROWN
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ROOT TRAITS OF ANTERIOR TEETH
The roots of primary anterior teeth are long in proportion to crown length and are relatively narrow mesiodistally
The roots of primary anterior teeth bend labially in their apical one third to one half by as much as 10 degree.
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Deciduous incisors
EruptionMandibular before maxillary incisorsCentral before lateral incisors
No mamelons, labial grooves or lobes
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Maxillary Central incisor
UNS------------------E, F FDI--------------------- 51, 61 PALMER-------------- A A Eruption time------- 7.5months(FULLER) Order----------------- 1 Shedding----------- 6-7 years
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Maxillary Central incisor
Increased mesiodistal width of crown (unique trait)
Rounded mesioincisal and distoincisal angle than permanent successor.
No mamelons on incisal surface+ flat incisal surface
No labial grooves, depressions or lobes
Pronounced bulge on labial surface.
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Maxillary Central incisor Prominent
cingulum. Prominent
marginal ridges Deeper lingual
fossa. No lingual pit
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Maxillary Central incisor
MESIAL ASPECT: wider labiolingually
Cervical line exhibits less curvature incisally.
DISTAL ASPECT: Cervical line curvature
less on distal surface as compared to mesial surface.
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Maxillary Central incisor Incisal Aspect Straight incisal
edge Divides the crown
into equal labial and lingual portions.
Greater mesiodistal width.
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Maxillary Central incisor Single root Tapers evenly to
the apex Root longer
relative to crown length.
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Maxillary Lateral Incisor UNS--------------------D ,G FDI--------------------- 52, 62 PALMER--------- B B Eruption time------- 9
months(FULLER) Order----------------- 2 Shedding------------ 7 -8 yrs
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Maxillary Lateral incisor
Much smaller than central (trapezoidal labially, triangular proximal aspect)
Crown is wider incisocervically than mesiodistally.
Distoincisal angle more rounded than mesioincisal angle
Marginal ridges on lingual surface more prominent
Lingual fossa is deep
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Maxillary lateral incisor Incisal aspect Much narrowerMesiodistal dimension more rhomboidal &
more convex.
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Maxillary Lateral IncisorROOT Lateral incisor root
relatively longer Apex not so
rounded.
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Lok virsa museum islamabad DR UMAR KHITAB
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Mandibular teeth
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Mandibular central incisor UNS-------------------- P, O FDI--------------------- 81, 71 Eruption time------- 6
months(FULLER) Order----------------- 1 Shedding------------ 6-7 yrs
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Mandibular central incisor
Chisel shape incisor morphology Sharp mesioincisal and distoincisal
angles to the cervial line(90 DEGREES)
Incisal margin straight,no mamelons.
Smooth labial surface lacking developmental depressions.
Flatter than labial surface of permanent incisors.
Labially symmetrical crown Bulge on labial surface at CEJ.
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Mandibular central incisor Well developed
lingual cingulum Less defined
marginal ridges than those of maxillary deciduous central incisor.
Shallow lingual fossa
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Mandibular central incisor
Proximal aspect; Triangular in shape/ wedge shaped
when seen from mesial or distal aspect.
Incisal edge located over root centre. Cervical line contour evenly curved
towards incisal. Greater labiolingual width than that
of permanent incisors. Distal aspect shows less depth of
curvature towards incisal.
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Mandibular central incisor Straight incisal edge Divides the labial and
lingual portions of the crown into nearly equal halves.
In deciduous maxillary central incisor the crown is wider MD.
M & D portions of crown symmetrical
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Mandibular central incisor Single ,long ,slend
er Convex labial and
lingual surfaces. Flattened mesial
and distal surfaces.
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Mandibular Lateral Incisor UNS--------------------Q , N FDI--------------------- 82, 72 Eruption time------- 7 MONTHS Order----------------- 2 Shedding------------ 7-8 years
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Mandibular lateral incisor Similar in form to
deciduous central incisor.
Distoincisal angle is rounded, mesioincisal angle is sharp.
Labial/lingual aspect: Incisal outline slopes
slightly towards the distal
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Mandibular Lateral Incisor Lingual Aspect Cingulum and
marginal ridges little larger.
Lingual fossa little deeper.
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Mandibular Lateral Incisor Incisal aspect:
crown not symmetrical.
Cingulum bulges towards distal.
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Mandibular lateral incisor Single root Longer root than
central incisor Distal curvature
apically. Distal longitudinal
groove.
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Maxillary deciduous canine
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Maxillary canine UNS--------------------C (rt) , H(lt) FDI--------------------- 53, 63 Eruption time------- 19 MONTHS Order----------------- 4 Shedding------------ 10-12 years
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Maxillary canine
MD width > crown height(Incisocervical measurement)
Labial or lingual views: diamond in shape
Rounder mesial and distal outlines.
M & D outlines overhang the cervical line.
M& D contact areas located at the same level incisocervically.
Mesial cusp slope longer than distal cusp slope.
No labial ridge or depressions No imbrication lines.
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Maxillary canine Well developed
cingulum. Prominent marginal
ridges. ML and DL fossae are
present Tubercle often present
on the cingulum extending from the cusp tip to cingulum.
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Maxillary canine Mesial aspect Triangular in shape Labial margin convex
incisocervically Lingual margin
concave in incisal half and convex in cervical half
Labiolingually tooth is thicker
Cervical line depth less
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Maxillary canine Distal Aspect Similar to mesial
except that cervical line shows less curvature.
Incisal aspect Rhomboidal outline Exhibits more
rounding incisal than the permanent canine.
Cusp tip offset to distal.
Mesial cusp ridge therefore longer.
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Maxillary canine ROOT Single root Root approx twice
the length of crown
Wider labiolingually than mesiodistally.
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MANDIBULAR CANINE
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Mandibular canine UNS-------------------- R ,M FDI--------------------- 83, 73 Eruption time------- 16 MONTHS Order----------------- 4 Shedding------------ 9-12 years
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Mandibular canine Smaller and slimmer overall than the
maxillary deciduous canine. MD width of mandibular primary
canine< MD width of maxillary pri canine.
Incisocervical ht> MD Width.
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Mandibular canine Distoincisal slope
longer than mesioincisal slope(reverse of max.dec canine)
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Mandibular canine LL diameter < that
of deciduous max. canine( much narrower tooth labiolingually)
Less pronounced cingulum, MR & cervical ridges.
Shallower fossae than max canine.
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Mandibular canine Single but shorter root.
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TRAITS OF ALL PRIMARY POSTERIORTOOTH CROWNS The prominent mesial cervical ridge or
bulge on the buccal surface narrow occlusal table:Due to the taper
of the crown from the cervical bulges toward the occlusal surface
molar crowns are wide mesiodistally relative to their height cervico-occlusally
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Traits tooth crowns molar The primary molar occlusal anatomy is
shallow; the cusps are short (not pointed sharp,
almost flat), occlusal ridges not pronounced, and fossae and sulci are correspondingly not as deep as on secondary molars.
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Traits tooth crowns molar
There are few grooves or depressions in the crowns.
6. In the primary dentition, primary second molars are decidedly larger than primary first molars. This is different in the permanent dentition where firstmolars are larger than seconds
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ROOT TRAITS OF PRIMARYPOSTERIOR TEETH
1. The root furcations are near the crown, with little or no root trunk
2.thin and slender roots This root divergence makes room for the developing
succedaneous premolars. 3. The roots of primary molars are similar to those
of permanent molars in relative size (before resorption)and number.
Primary maxillary molars have three roots: the palatal (longest), mesiobuccal, and distobuccal (shortest). Primary mandibular molars
have two roots: the mesial (largest) and distal.
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Maxillary deciduous molars
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Maxillary 1st molar UNS----------------- B(Right) , I (LEFT) FDI--------------------- 54, 64 Eruption time------- 14 MONTHS Order----------------- 3 Shedding------------ 9-11 years
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Maxillary 1st molar Most atypical of all primary or permanent molars Crown doesnot resemble any other primary or
permanent molar crown. Exhibit some similarities to the crowns of permanent
premolars
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Maxillary 1st molar BUCCAL ASPECT MD diameter greater
than crown height Mesial and distal
outlines are convex ,constricted towards cervix.
Comparatively straight occlusal outlinetwo buccal cusps not sharp or prominent.
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Maxillary 1st molar Essential difference from
permanent tooth Depth of curvature is much
greater towards the mesial than distal.
Buccal surface smooth and lacks grooves or depressions.
MOLAR TUBERCLE OF ZUCKERKANDL; pronounced bulge on mesial surface of buccal surface.
Flat surface occlusally
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Maxillary 1st molar LINGUAL ASPECT Lingual surface
shorter mesiodistally than buccal surface.
ML cusp quite bulky and dominates the occlusal outline
DL cusp is so diminitive that DB CUSP is also partially visible from this aspect.
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Maxillary 1st molar LINGUAL ASPECT Cervical line is
evenly and slightly curved towards cervix.
Convex & smooth surface ,lacking grooves or depressions.
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Maxillary 1st molar MESIAL ASPECT Disparity b/w the
buccolingual widths at its cervical and occlusal margins much more than in max.first permanent molars.
Wider dimension cervically due to prominent cervical ridge on buccal and greater taper of buccal and lingual outlines towards occlusal.
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Maxillary 1st molar Mesial Aspect Buccal outline dominated by
cervical ridge and crest of curvature is in cervical third.Remainder of buccal outline straight.
Lingual outline convex.More cervically located crest of curvature than in permanent molars
Occlusal outline MB+ ML cusps and mesial marginal ridge make up the occlusal outline.
ML cusp more generous in height than MB cusp.
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Maxillary 1st molarMESIAL ASPECT Cervical line
slightly curved towards occlusal.
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Maxillary 1st molar Distal Aspect Considerably smaller than the mesial
surface. Tapering of buccal surface towards the
distal therefore much of the buccal surface visible
from distal aspect. DB cusp more prominent than minute DL
cusp. Distal marginal ridge less pronounced than
mesial marginal ridge. Cervical line is straight to slightly curved
occlusally.
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Maxillary 1st molar
OCCLUSAL ASPECT UNUSUAL FIVE SIDED FIGURE Cusps: 4 cusps 1) MB cusp 2) DB cusp 3) ML cusp 4) DL cusp
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Maxillary 1st molarMesiolingual cusp Largest cusp and
longest.Mesiobuccal cusp MB cusp greater
than distobuccal.Distobuccal cuspDistolingual cusp Smallest cusp.
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Maxillary 1st molar Transverse ridge:
prominent T-ridge Formed by lingual
cusp ridge of MB cusp and buccal cusp ridge of ML cusp.
Oblique RidgeExtends from ML
cusp to DB cusp.
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Maxillary 1st molar Fossae: 3 fossae1) CENTRAL FOSSA2)MESIAL
TRIANGULAR FOSSA
3) DISTAL TRIANGULAR FOSSA
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Maxillary 1st molar ROOTS no root trunk. Root trunk: defined as that
portion of root situated b/w cervical line and the point of furcation.
Three roots: 1) MB root 2) DB ROOT 3) Palatal Slender and flared roots Largest +longest palatal root.
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Maxillary 2nd molar UNS-------------------- A,J FDI--------------------- 55, 65 Eruption time------- 24 MONTHS Order----------------- 5 Shedding------------ 10-12 years
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Maxillary 2nd molar Primary maxillary
second molar larger than primary maxillary first molar
Closely resembles the permanent maxillary first molar in form but is smaller in all dimensions.
Usually has a Cusp of Carabelli ,as its permanent counterpart.
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Mandibular 1st molar UNS-------------------- L &S FDI--------------------- 84, 74 Eruption time------- 12 MONTHS Order----------------- 3 Shedding------------ 9-11 years
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Mandibular 1st molar crown unlike any tooth of
either dentition.(unique crown shape)
Prominent buccal cervical ridge on mesial half of buccal surface.
The HOC on the buccal is at cervical one third
The HOC on the lingual is in the middle one third.
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Mandibular first molar Crown wider
mesiodistally than buccolingually
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Mandibular primary first molar Buccal aspect:
mesial outline straight occlusogingivally
Distal outline more convex & overhangs the cervical line
Two buccal cusps in occlusal outline MB AND DB CUSP.MB CUSP LARGER.
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BUCCAL ASPECT CUSP OUTLINES
MORE PROMINENT THAN PRIMARY MAX FIRST MOLAR
DEPRESSION SEPARATING TWO BUCCAL CUSPS
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BUCCAL ASPECT CERVICAL LINE
DEEPER OFFSET TOWARS MESIAL
PROMINENT CERVICAL RIDGE ON MESIAL PORTION
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LINGUAL ASPECT LINGUAL SURFACE
SHORTER OCCLUSOCERVICALLY THAN BUCCAL
SMOOTHER AND CONVEX
LACKS ANY DEPRESSION AND RIDGES
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LINGUAL ASPECT STRAIGHTER
CERVICAL LINE TWO LINGUAL
CUSPS ON OCCLUSAL OUTLINE
ML CUSP LARGER AND SHARPER
PORTIONS OF TWO BUCCAL CUSPS SEEN
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MESIAL ASPECT CERVICAL RIDGE
representing crest of curvature in cervical third of buccal outline
BOTH MB &ML cusps visible CONTACT AREA: at the junction of occlusal & middle
third CERVICAL LINE: Located
farther cervically on buccal and extends to more occlusal at lingual
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Distal aspect All the four cusps
seen MB Cusp the
longest
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Mandibular 1st molar CUSPS: 4 cusps:1)MB
2) ML 3) DB 4) DL
The two mesial cusps are considerably larger than distal cusps.
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OCCLUSAL ASPECT occlusal outline is
somewhat oval or rectangular
wider mesiodistally than faciolingually occlusal table is
wider mesiodistally than faciolingually
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OCCLUSAL ASPECT 4 CUSPS MB LARGEST
FOLLOWED BY ML,DB,DL (smallest)
The two mesial cusps larger than distal cusps
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Mandibular 1st molar A transverse ridge
passes b/w the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps.
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OCCLUSAL TABLE Fossae : 3 Central ,mesial and
distal triangular fossae
Two pits: central and mesial pit
Distal pit absent Central pit :deepest
pit and is the central grooves distal termination
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Occlusal table GROOVES Central:connects mesial
and central pits Buccal: originates in
central pit extend buccaly to fade out on occlusal surface b/w two buccal cusps
Lingual:separated the two lingual cusps and fade out on occlusal surface
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Mandibular 1st molar Roots 2 roots i.e mesial and
distal . Mesial wider than
distal root. FLAT apex of root
mesial root Shorter distal root
having rounded apex
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HOW TO TELL RIGHT FROM LEFT PRIMARY TEETH Crown longer on mesial
than distal (facial) Occlusal table has
small mesial triangular fossa; large distal fossa
Mesial cervical crown bulge
Distal marginal ridge more cervical than mesial
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HOW TO TELL RIGHT FROM LEFT PRIMARY TEETH Mesial root (if intact)
longer and wider (faciolingually
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Mandibular 2nd molar UNS-------------------- K&T FDI--------------------- 85, 75 Eruption time------- 20 MONTHS Order----------------- 5 Shedding------------ 10-12 years
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Mandibular 2nd molar
Larger than the primary mandibular first molar.
closely resembles the permanent mandibular first molar, disregarding size and general differences.
5 cusps similar to permanent mand first molar.
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Mandibular 2nd molar Major differences are: The 3
buccal cusps (MB,DB& distal) are nearly equal in size.
Occlusal table relatively narrower buccolingually and less pentagonal than that of the first permanent molar.
The mesial root is longer and wider than the distal root whereas they are of equal length in permanent first molar.
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ANY QUESTIONS???
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