Morphology: Lake Zones

Littoral zone

Limnetic zone

Photic zone

Handout

Profundal zone

Benthic zone

FIGURE 7.7

Glacial—all kinds of lakesIce Scour

1. Cirque lakes

2. Pater noster lakes

3. Piedmont lake

Moraine Lakes

1. Moraine lakes (damming) (Finger Lakes)

2. Kettle lakes

FIGURE 7.3

Tectonic

Graben

Half graben, Horst

Uplift + depression / Solution

Natural Lakes

Lake Districts / Distribution

Ephemeral

Disappear eventually??

– Depends on type

Fish fauna vary

Zoogeography

Meteor

Glacial

Oxbow

Rift

Bathymetry

Depth isobars

FIGURE 7.9

Hypsographic Curves

Depth vs area

Reservoir Zones

Riverine

Flowing

Turbid

Transitional

Slows

Deposition

Lacustrine

Lake-like

Clearer

Micro-scale (Langmuir Circulation Cells)

©2010 Elsevier, Inc.

FIGURE 7.16

Langmuir circulation cells on a lake. Note zones of convergence where spiral currents meet and go down into the

lake. (Image by Pete Else).

Micro-scale (Langmuir Circulation Cells)

©2010 Elsevier, Inc.

FIGURE 7.17

Formation of an internal seiche and entrainment associated with wind. Dashed arrows show water flow. (A) The lake

under calm conditions; (B) the wind deepens the epilimnion on the right; (C) a strong wind mixes some of the

epilimnion with the hypolimnion; (D) the wind stops and the hypolimnion begins to oscillate; and (E and F) the

amplitude of the seiche diminishes over time.

Seiche

©2010 Elsevier, Inc.

FIGURE 7.15

How fetch of an irregularly shaped lake varies with wind direction (A, B) and relationship between maximum wave

height and fetch (C). (Equation for C from Wetzel, 1983).