HUL461

MORPHEME, MORPH, ALLOMORPH

A PRESENTATION BY:SAJEED MAHABOOB (2011ME1111)

GUIDED BY:DR. SOMDEV KARDR. K.K. CHAUDHARY

2INTRODUCTION

Morph: A morph is simply the phonetic representation of a morpheme, how the morpheme is said.Cats - '-s' morpheme is pronounced /s/Dogs - '-s' morpheme is pronounced /z/Houses - '-s' morpheme is pronounced /ɪz/

This /s/, /z/, /iz/ are the different sound of same morpheme {-s}.

Morpheme: Smallest meaningful unit, cannot be further divided or analyzedEx: Unthinkable = 'un-' 'think' and '-able‘Ex: Books = Book and s.

Allomorph: Allomorphs are different forms of the same morpheme, or basic unit of meaning.These can be different pronunciations or different spellings.

3MORPH

A morph is a meaningful group of phones which can not be subdivided into smaller meaningful units. (Francis, 1958:170).

1. Weakness : weak/ness/es. (Each of these parts is a morph).2. Books : Book/s. (Each of these parts is a morph).3. Holiday : Holy/day (Each of these parts is a morph).

Segmented words are referred to as morph.The word bigger is segmented into two morph which can be written orthographically as big and er and in phonological transcription as /big/ and /ęr/.Each morph represents a particular morpheme.

4TYPES OF MORPHEMES

Free morpheme Bound Morpheme

A free morpheme is one that can stand alone with the specific meaning.Ex: Book, Table, Stand, bag etc.

A bound morpheme is one that can not be stand alone with the meaning. It always added to one or more morphemes to form a meaningful word.Ex: Replay, Cheaply, Shorten, unable, brighten etc.

5FREE MORPHEMES

The Free morpheme is of two types.

Lexical morphemeLexical morphemes are morphemes that carry the main messages we convey.These can be ordinary noun, verbs and adjective.Ex: Girl, tiger, long, black, look, kill etc.

The lexical morphemes are of open class.

6FREE MORPHEMES

Functional morphemes

Acts as a functional words in a language. Mostly conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns.Ex: And , when, but, near, in, the, that, it etc.

It is of closed class words.

7BOUND MORPHEMES

Bound morpheme is also of two types.

1. Derivational morphemes2. Inflectional morphemes

Main difference between these two morphemes,Derivational morphemes creates a new words or mostly changes the word classes/identity/category.

Inflectional morphemes merely changes word form.

8BOUND MORPHEMES

Bound morpheme mostly refers to morphemes that can occur as affixes.

Two types of affixes prefixes (x-R), and suffixes (y-R).

Examples: Prefixes: dis-, un-, pre-, trans-, bi- etc Suffixes: -ly, -ness, -ish, -ity, -er, -en etc

Prefixes: Disadvantage, unable, preview, transport, bilingual etc. Suffixes: Simply, whiteness, boyish, simplicity, greener, forgotten etc.

9BOUND MORPHEMES

Derivational morpheme

Derivational morpheme used to create new word. New word with a new meaning.

Noun + Derivational Morpheme >>> Adj. Ex. Boy + ishVerb + Derivational Morpheme >>> Noun Ex. clear + anceAdj. + Derivational Morpheme >>> Adverb Ex. Exact + ly

10BOUND MORPHEMES

Inflectional morpheme

Inflectional morpheme changes the form but not the word class or the central meaning of the word.

Main function : marking grammatical distinction

Cat VS. Cats === Singular VS. PluralCollects VS. Collected === Present VS. PastLoud VS. Louder === Positive VS. Comparative

11ALLOMORPH

Variations of Morphemes. Allomorphs are different forms of the same morpheme, or basic unit of

meaning. These can be different pronunciations or different spellings.

The plural morphemes in English, usually written as {s}, has at least 3 allomorphs: s as in judges /yudgis/ z as in dogs /dogz/ IZ as in boxes /boksiz/

12ALLOMORPH

The past form morpheme {ed} usually has also three allomorphos:

d as in ‘hunted’ h>ntd t as in ‘fished’ fistt id as in ‘buzzed’ buzid

13TYPES OF ALLOMORPH

There are four types of allomorph

1. Additive allomorph

2. Replacive allomorph

3. Suppletive allomorph

4. Zero allomorph

14ADDITIVE ALLOMORPH

To signify some difference in meaning, something is added to a word.

The past tense form of most English verbs is formed by adding the suffix –ed which can be pronounced as either / -t/, or /-d/ or /-Id/:

ask + - ed /a : sk/ + / -t/

liv(e) + ed /llv/ + / -d/

Need + - ed /nid:d/ + / -Id

15REPLACIVE ALLOMORPH

To signify some difference in meaning, a sound is used to replace another sound in a word.

The /I/ in Drink is replaced by the /ae/ in Drank to signal the simple past.

This is symbolized as follows:/drænk/ = /drΙnk/ + /Ι > æ/.

16SUPPLETIVE ALLOMORPH

To signify some difference in meaning, there is a complete change in the shape of a word.

Go + suppletive allomorph of {-D1} = wentBe + suppletive allomorph of {-S3} = isBad + suppletive allomorph of {-er1} = worseGood + suppletive allomorph of {-est1} = best.

17ZERO ALLOMORPH

Zero allomorph is the term given to the unit involved when a morpheme change status form one type of morpheme to another without any condition or subtraction of its parts.

Sheep (singular) + Ø >>> Sheep (plural)Lawyer (singular) + Ø >>> Lawyer (plural)

18DIFFERENT CONDITIONED ALLOMORPH

Taken from the notes by Dr. Shadia Y. Banjarhttp://SBANJAR.kau.edu.sa/

19ANY QUESTIONS

20REFERENCES

https://wiegecko.wordpress.com/2012/03/24/morph-and-allomorph/ http://okyhiory.blogspot.in/2012/04/linguistics-morphology.html

http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-morphology-morphs-allomorphs-morphemes-whats-254498

http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/111660-Morpheme-and-Morph http://pediaa.com/difference-between-morpheme-and-allomorph/ http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/111681-morph-and-morpheme http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryoflinguisticTerms/ Classroom lecture notes

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