moroccan community in belgium

DE MAROKKAANSE GEMEENSCHAP IN VLAANDEREN/BELGIË

18 MAART 2017

ACV MidLim – VAMOS - ATTAWASULProf dr Leo Neels

CEO Itinera

ALLOCHTONEN IN BELGIË/VLAANDEREN02/05/2023

Itinera:independent think tank

• 2006 : private initiative • by entrepreneurs, families and academics

• “Will Belgium be able to ensure our level of prosperity to its children and grandchildren?”

• Independent expertise for better governance, efficient decision making and delivery

02/05/2023 ALLOCHTONEN IN BELGIË/VLAANDEREN

Itinera : Mission & Values

• “Facts & Figures” – Expertise > Policy Recommendations

• The importance of Value Creation– Dominant role of Enterpreneurs & Entreprises

• For an inclusive society• Good Citizenship


ITINERA & KBS


Immigration in Belgium


Immigration by country of origin


Historic Motive: Labour

• Conventions with other countries

• 1946: Italy, 1956: Spain, 1957: Greece• 1964: Morocco, Turkey• 1969: Algeria,Tunesia• 1970: Yugoslavia

• 1974: STOP… ?ALLOCHTONEN IN BELGIË/VLAANDEREN02/05/2023

Other motives

• Family unification / Regroupement familial

• Marriage• Asylum seekers• Refugees


Motives (General Immigration)


Motives (Immigration from Morocco)


Moroccon Population in Belgium (2009)


Regional dispersion in Belgium


Nationality


Nationality & Country of Origin


Belgian Policy onMigration & Integration


• 1974: “migration” STOP… unsuccesfull

• Migration “shift”: • Family reunification, • Naturalisation,• Free movement of persons (EU)• Labour (economic migration)• Asylum & Refugees (distress)• Natality

– BLG 1,67– FOREIGN 2,52– FOREIGN EXTRA-EU 4

– 17% of births by a foreign mother– 90% of these children have BLG nationality

ALLOCHTONEN IN BELGIË/VLAANDEREN

Nationality Laws

• 1985 > 2013: broad criteria+ 800.000 Belgians by “naturalisation”

• 2013: more restrictive criteria

• Difficulty of uncomparable statistics– Belgians – Belgian with a migration history – Belgians by generation …

02/05/2023

“Here to stay”• Integration policy:

– no comprehensive plan– A lot of initiatives & poor results

• 1980– 1980 Vreemdelingenwet: who can stay in BLG?– 1981 Law on racism & xenofobia: attitude– 1984 Nationality Law: legal status

• 1988 – start of Royal Commissioner on Migration Policy

• Importance of Conviction of Community & Parents :– “shared responsibility”


Top Drivers of integration :Education & Jobs

• Education

• PISA-statistiscs (OECD): • important school drop-out of migrant children• linguistic problem (Kindergarten not mandatory)• Importance (Prof J. Dronkers)

– Country of Origin – Education level of parents– Homogeneity of school population


Drivers of integration

• Jobs


Jobs as driver of integration

• Importance of language• Importance of education

• Importance of accessible labour market– Rigid social law protects employed people– & is unfavourable to access for new entrants– “Flexjobs” as a solution ?

• Or as another expression of the problem


From Integration to Good Citizenship

• From being a “native Belgian”• To become a “Belgian Citizen”

• The value fabric of society– Democracy – Rule of law – Universal human rights– Equality & Freedom of religion


Thank You !


moroccan community in belgium

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