moral theology-truth and honor
TRANSCRIPT
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Right to Truth and
Reputation
Justice and 8th Commandment
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Values involved
Truth- is the agreement of the mind
(words, actions) with reality.
Honor- is the good esteem that a person
has from others.
We need honor and truth as a personal
being and in our social dealings.
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THE VALUE OF TRUTH
Compendium, 521. What is ones duty toward thet ru th?
Every person is called to sincerity and truthfulnessin acting and speaking. Everyone has the duty to
seek the truth, to adhere to it and to order oneswhole life in accordance with its demands. In JesusChrist the whole of Gods truth has been mademanifest. He is the truth. Those who follow himlive in the Spirit of truth and guard against duplicity,
dissimulation, and hypocrisy.
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Reasons for truthfulness
Truth is something SACREDreality. The devil is the Fatherof all lies. God is truth.
Man has the faculty of SPEECH(of communicating), and theseare meant by nature to be the
MEANS of EXTERNALLYMANIFESTING OUR INNERTHOUGHTS.
The SOCIAL nature of manrequires truthful
communication. ThePERSONAL PERFECTIONprovided by social life is onlypossible in an atmosphere oftruth.
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Virtue of Sincerity
Sincerity (veracity) the virtue which
inclines one always
to speak and actaccording to the
truth. It involves:
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Virtues Related to the Truth
SIMPLICITY, of acting consistently withwhat we believe, as opposed to DUPLICITY, acting in a way that we hide our
true motives (e.g., kind, in order tomanipulate).
FIDELITY, or living up to the word wepromised (the truth of our future intent)
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Compendium523. What is forbidden by
the eighth commandment? (first part)
The eighthcommandmentforbids:
false w itness,per jury, and ly ing,the gravity of whichis measured by thetruth it deforms, thecircumstances, theintentions of the one
who lies, and theharm suffered by itsvictims; ()
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About Lying
Lying is saying the opposite of what is being
thought (locutio contra mentem).
CCC2482 "A lie consists in speaking a
falsehood with the intention of deceiving." "You are of your father the devil, . . . there is no truth in
him. When he lies, he speaks according to his own
nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies." (Jn 8:44)
CCC 2483 By injuring man's relation to truthand to his neighbor, a lie offends against the
fundamental relation of man and of his word to
the Lord.
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Kinds of Lies
Jocularlies are those that are told merely to giveamusement or pleasure, as a tall tale. NOT a lie true joke, drama, convention, mental
reservation, extreme social situations of injustice
Profi tablelies are said in order to gain somebenefit. NOT a lie - pol i te expression sthat are used to avoid
frictions in daily conversation, whether conventional ornot. (e.g., He is busy at the moment, may mean, Hedoesnt want to talk to you).
Harmfu l l iescause damage to the listener, suchas giving the wrong time so that the other willmiss the train
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More Lies
Hypocrisy. To act out a
lie, or to feign to be
better than what we are
in real i ty.
Perjury or False
Testimony- lie done in a
public or official forum
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Every real lie is intrinsically evil. Lying
goes against:
the natural purpose of language,
human relationships,
good of the listener, and also
the good of the liar himself, who may end
up living in an unreal world of lies.
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Secrets and Principle of Privacy Compendium 524. What is required by the
eighth commandment?
The eighth commandment requires respect forthe truth accompanied by the discretion of
charity in the field of communication and theimparting of information, where the personal andcommon good, the protection of privacy and thedanger of scandal must all be taken into account;
in respecting professional secrets which must bekept, save in exceptional cases for grave andproportionate reasons; and also in respectingconfidences given under the seal of secrecy.
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More Issues Related to the Right to
Privacy
limits of
communication
-sacramental seal:
absolutely inviolable
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Definition of and types of secret Ac t of know ing a hidden fact w i th the ob l igat ion
of n ot revealing i t.
i) A natu ral secretis a fact whose publicationwould be reasonably opposed by the concerned
person. ii) A prom ised secretis a fact that a person has
promised to keep hidden but was already knownbefore making the promise.
iii) An entrusted secretis a fact that was known
only after having promised not to reveal it, andwith that explicit condition. expl ic i t(If you promise not to tell anybody, Ill tell
you)
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Principles involved in right to know
and to communicate (1)
Principles governing the revelation of secrets: Generally speaking, prying into anothers secrets or
private life is not lawful. Everyone should observe anappropriate reserve concerning peoples private lives.
Those who are in charge of communications shouldmaintain a fair balance between the requirements ofthe common good and respect for individual rights.
A natural secret binds under grave sin.
A promised secret binds under venial sin (unless it is
also a natural secret). In itself, an entrusted secret binds under grave sin. The
obligation is stricter than for natural secrets.
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Principles involved in right to know
and to communicate (2)
A secret may be rightfully revealed in the
following cases:
It is urgently necessary for the common good.
The keeper of the secret needs it, provided that the evilto be avoided is considerable and greater than the
harm that the revelation would cause to the concerned
person.
It is necessary for the welfare of a third party, who
could otherwise suffer great harm. It is necessary for the welfare of the person who told
the secret, and whom it concerns. His opposition to
the revelation is not reasonable.
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Compendium523. What is forbidden by
the eighth commandment? (part 2)
The eighth commandment forbids:
()
rash judgm ent, slander, defamationand ca lumnywhichdiminish or destroy the good reputation and honor to whichevery person has a right;
f lattery, adulat ion, orcompla isance, especially if directed toserious sins or toward the achievement of illicit advantages.
A sin committed against truth demands reparation if it hascaused harm to others.
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Honor and Reputation (fame)
Honor is the externalrecogni t ion ofsomeones excellence,which may bemanifested in words,deeds, or otherexternal signs.
Reputation is thecommon op in ion
abou t the goodness ofsomebody.
Honor and Reputationare natural rights
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Offences against honor and reputation
Contumelyis unjus t ly d ishonor ing somebody inhis p resence. (a.k.a., insult or affront)
Defamationmeans unjustly tarnishing anothersreputation (a.k.a., denigrat ion) Unjust, hence no defamation in revealing a hidden
crime so that the culprit may be prosecuted.
simple defamation or detraction: hidden but truedefects
slander or calumny if false defects Defamation is a mortal sin that can become
venial if the act is not perfect or the damagecaused is small.
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Other offences against right to truth
and honor
Rash judgment is the f irm assent of the
m ind to the gui l t of another wi thou t
su f f ic ient reason.
Rash doubts, rash suspicions, and rashopinions belong to the same species
The rash judgment reflects the ill will that
moves the intellect to assent without sufficient
evidence (cf. Eccl 10:3).
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More offences against truth and honor
Flattery, adulat ion, or the act ofgiving excessive compliments,generally for the purpose ofingratiating oneself with thesubject or to encourage another
in malicious acts. Adulation is a grave fault if it
makes one an accomplice inanothers vices or grave sins.
Adulation is a venial sin when it
seeks only to be agreeable,avoid evil, meet a need, orobtain legitimate advantages.
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More offences against truth and honor
Complaisance, in negativemeaning, is overeagerness to please
Boast ingorbraggingcan
be an offense against truthif what is claimed is false.Also against humility
I rony(a.k.a., sarcasm) thatis aimed at disparaging
someone by maliciouslycaricaturing an aspect ofhis behavior or character
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Falsehood spreads like wildfire
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Care for speech
James 3: 2-6:
For we all make many mistakes, and if any one
makes no mistakes in what he says he is a
perfect man, able to bridle the whole body also. 3
If we put bits into the mouths of horses that they
may obey us, we guide their whole bodies. 5
So the tongue is a little member and boasts of
great things. How great a forest is set ablaze by
a small fire! 6 And the tongue is a fire.
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THE END
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Possible extra slides
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Virtues Related to the Truth & 8th
Commandment
Charity with
neighbor in the area
of speech. Thisinvolves:
-Fraternal correction
-Simplicity in dealings
-Humility
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Virtues Related to the Truth and 8th
Commandment
Witnessing to vouch
for the truth (an act of
justice that establishes
the truth CCC2472).
-The supreme witnessingis martyrdom to
vouch for the faith with
our very life.
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More Issues Related to the 8th
Commandment
Right to Privacy:
-limits of
communication
-sacramental seal
-natural secret
-professional secret
-meddling