MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY �

A NEW PROFESSIONALISM?

1. What is a profession?

• four key actors: practitioners, users, states and universities

(Burrage & Torstendahl 1990)

• fifth actor: role of the employing organization (Julia Evetts 2011)

“In the case of most contemporary service occupations … professionalism is being imposed from above and for the most part this means by the employers and managers of the service organizations in which these professionals work” (Evetts 2011)

2. My view of professionalism

3. Yehudi Menuhin

• Mus-E ' International Yehudi Menuhin Foundation (IYMF)

• The Yehudi Menuhin School (1963)

• Live Music Now (LMN) with Ian Stoutzker (1967)

4. José Antonio Abreu �� El Sistema

• 2013: National Alliance of El Sistema Inspired Programs (NAESIP)

• UNESCO �� Special Ambassador for the development of a Global

Network of Youth and Children orchestras and choirs (1995)

• National Children's Youth Orchestra � Simón Bolívar Youth

Orchestra (1990s)

• Britain: Lloyd Webber chairman of the steering group of

In Harmony

El Sistema projects in the USA

• Union City Music Project (UCMP), Union City, New Jersey

• Conservatory Lab Charter School, Boston, Massachusetts

• OrchKids at the Luckerman Bundy Elementary School, Baltimore, Maryland

• YOLA (Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California

• YOSA (Youth Orchestra of San Antonio) at the Music Learning Center, West San

Antonio, Texas

• Soundscapes, Newport News, Virginia

• Play on Philly!, Philadelphia, PA

• Atlanta Music Project, Atlanta, Georgia

• MYCincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

• UpBeat NYC, Bronx, New York

• WHIN Music Project, Washington Heights-Inwood, New York

5. South Africa

• John Roos: Unisa Music Foundation (1998)

• Dr Fannie Sebolela: Khensani Primary School

Expenditure on arts and museums

per capita in pounds (USA 1998)

Finland 59.2

Germany 56.5

France 37.8

Sweden 37.5

Netherlands 30.3

Canada 29.9

UK 16.6

Australia 16.4USA 3.8

Arts funding in the United States

1 Direct public funding NEA, state, regional, and local arts agencies

2 Other public funding, direct and indirect various federal departments and agencies

3 Private sector contributions individuals; foundations; corporations

BUT

State arts agencies: 0.037% from state (Fiscal Year 2014)

Revenue Sources of Not-for-Profit Performing Arts Groups & Museums in U.S.

40.7% earned income

20.3% individuals

14.4% interest and endowment income

9.5% foundations

8.4% corporations_______________

3.3% local .

2.2% state .

1.2% federal____________________ 6.7%

7. A proposed new professionalism

• Training to raise funds

• Beyond eisteddfods and examinations

• A broader perspective on music making

Personal Participation in Various Arts or Creative

Activities (USA 2008) 1 2 3

Adults in millions taking As % of total Adults in millions playing part in the arts adult population a musical instrument

(224.8 million)

18 to 24 years old 28.9 12.86 5.925 to 34 years old 39.9 17.75 3.735 to 44 years old 41.8 18.59 3.0 45 to 54 years old 43.9 19.59 2.5 55 to 64 years old 33.3 14.81 2.4 65 to 74 years old 19.9 8.85 1.8 75 years old and older 17.1 7.6 1.4

Of the total adult population of 224.8 million

• 114.2 million adults older than 45 years took

part in the arts

• 8.1 million adults older than 45 years played a

musical instrument (classical music) in 2008.