mood disorders (aka – affective disorders) mr. koch ap psychology forest lake high school **now...
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Mood Disorders(aka – Affective Disorders)
Mr. KochAP Psychology
Forest Lake High School
**Now divided into “Bipolar and Related Disorders” and “Depressive Disorders” in DSM-5**
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Depressive Disorders
• Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
• Major Depressive Disorder, Single and Recurrent Episodes
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder• Substance/Medication-Induced
Depressive Disorder• Depressive Disorder Due to Another
Medical Condition• Other Specified Depressive Disorder• Unspecified Depressive Disorder
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Major Depression• Disorder where person feels sad,
overwhelmed, hopeless for weeks or months
• Typically lose interest in activities & relationships and take pleasure in nothing
• Despite best efforts, everything from conversation to bathing is an unbearable, exhausting effort
• Often exaggerated feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt
– Can begin suddenly or gradually– Single episode or repeated
• “Common cold” of all disorders• 9.5% of pop. in any given year• 1 in 5 over lifetime• Young adults & women most susceptible
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Major Depression• To be diagnosed, must experience 5 of
following (usually for >2wks):– Persistent depressed mood most of the day– Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities– Significant weight loss or gain– Sleep changes– Speeding up or slowing down of physical &
emotional reactions– Loss of energy– Feelings of worthlessness, guilt– Reduced concentration, inability to make
meaningful decisions– Recurring thoughts of death/suicide
• (depression a factor in 40-70% of suicides)
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Related Disorders• Persistent Depressive Disorder
(Dysthymia)– Sad mood, lack of interest, loss of
pleasure like Major Depression – but chronic in nature
– Must last at least 2 years to qualify
• Post-partum Depression– Major Depression that begins
following birth of child• Seasonal Affective Disorder– Symptoms of depression
connected to lack of sunlight in winter months
“specifiers”
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Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Bipolar I Disorder• Bipolar II Disorder• Cyclothymic Disorder• Substance/Medication-Induced
Bipolar and Related Disorder• Bipolar and Related Disorder Due
to Another Medical Condition• Other Specified Bipolar and
Related Disorder• Unspecified Bipolar and Related
Disorder
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Bipolar Disorder(formerly known as Manic Depressive Disorder)
• Alternating b/w extremes of mood • depression & mania
– Mania – extremely agitated, usually elated, emotional state• Usually very optimistic, extremely
energetic, certain of extraordinary powers/abilities, bursting w/ ideas• May make impulsive/unwise
decisions, irritated by those trying to reason or “slow them down”
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Manic Episode
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Variations of Disorder
• Bipolar I – mania & deep depression
• About 1% pop. – equal M/F• Bipolar II– major depression & hypomania
(less severe)• Also 1% pop.
• Cyclothymic Disorder– Bipolar equivalent of dysthymia – intensity less severe
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Major Depression
Dysthymic Disorder
Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymic Disorder
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Causes of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
• Appears to be a genetic link• Clear connection with chemical imbalance
• Depression – low norepinephrine & serotonin• Mania – high norepinephrine
• Social Cognitive explanations:– Self-defeating beliefs, learned helplessness
– But some research suggests depressed people assess world more accurately (but not adaptively) – Depressive Realism
– Attribution of blame– Internal vs. external?– Stable vs. unstable?– Global vs. specific?