monograph english steve jobs

7/25/2019 Monograph English Steve Jobs

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I dedicate this to:

First, I want to dedicate

this monograph, the

people who gave birth:

My parents, Yolanda

and Hernan. They were

instructing were rom

my childhood years,

!od also to all peoplecontribute every day to

ma"e me a better

person .


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. BACKGROUND

3. BIRTH

4. CHILDHOOD

5. HOMESTEAD HIGH

6. APPLE AND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER ERA

7. THE MACINTOSH

8. NEXT

9. TOY STORY

1.NEXT AND APPLE

11. HEALTH CONCERNS

12.BUILDING HIS LEGACY

13.CONCLUSIONS

14.RE!ERENCES

1. INTRODUCTION

CONT


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Steven Paul Jobs February 24, 1955 October 5, 2011,was an American

businessman !e was best "nown as t#e co$%oun&er, c#airman, an& c#ie%

e'ecutive o%%icer ()*O+ o%Ale -nc. )*O an& lar/est s#are#ol&er o%Pi'ar

Animation Stu&ios. a member o% #e alt isney )omany3s boar& o% &irectors

%ollowin/ its acuisition o% Pi'ar. an& %oun&er, c#airman, an& )*O o%e6-ncJobs is wi&ely reco/ni7e& as a ioneer o% t#e microcomuter revolutiono% t#e

1980s, alon/ wit# Ale co$%oun&er Steve o7nia" S#ortly a%ter #is &eat#, Jobs3s

o%%icial bio/ra#er, alter -saacson, &escribe& #im as t#e creative entrereneur

w#ose assion %or er%ection an& %erocious &rive revolutioni7e& si' in&ustries:

ersonal comuters, animate& movies, music, #ones, tablet comutin/, an&

&i/ital ublis#in/

A&ote& at birt# in San Francisco, an& raise& in t#e San Francisco ;ay Area&urin/

t#e 19


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-n 1998, Ale urc#ase& e6, allowin/ Jobs to become t#e %ormer3s )*O once

a/ain !e woul& return t#e comany, w#ic# was on t#e ver/e o% ban"rutcy, bac"

to ro%itability ;e/innin/ in 1998 wit# t#e #in" &i%%erent a&vertisin/ camai/n,

Jobs wor"e& closely wit# &esi/ner Jonat#an -veto &evelo a line o% ro&ucts t#at

woul& #ave lar/er cultural rami%ications: t#e iDac,iunes,Ale Stores, t#e iPo&,t#e iunes Store, t#e iP#one, t#eA Store, an& t#e iPa& Dac OSwas also

revame& into Dac OS 6, base& on e63s e6S*Plat%orm Jobs was

&ia/nose& wit# a ancreatic neuroen&ocrine tumorin 200C an& &ie& o% resiratory

arrestrelate& to t#e tumor on October 5, 2011

2. BACKGROUND

Jobs3s a&otive %at#er, Paul >ein#ol&Jobs (1922199C+, /rew u in

a )alvinist#ouse#ol&, t#e son o% an

alco#olic an& sometimes abusive

%at#er#e %amily live& on a %arm

in ?ermantown, isconsin!e bore a

resemblance to James ean, #a&

tattoos, &roe& out o% #i/# sc#ool, an&

travele& aroun& t#e mi&west %or several

years &urin/ t#e 19C0s loo"in/ %orwor" !e eventually =oine& t#e @nite&

States )oast ?uar&as a mac#inist in t#e

en/ine room A%ter t#e en& o% orl& ar

--, #e &eci&e& to leave t#e )oast ?uar&

w#en it &oc"e& in San Francisco !e

ma&e a bet t#at #e woul& %in& #is wi%e in

San Francisco an& romtly went on a

blin& &ate wit# )lara !a/oian (1924

19B


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Jobs3s biolo/ical %at#er, Ab&ul%atta# Jo#n Jan&ali , was born into

a Duslim#ouse#ol& an& /rew u in !oms, Syria Jan&ali is t#e son o% a sel%$ma&e

millionaire w#o &i& not /o to colle/e an& a mot#er w#o was a tra&itional

#ousewi%e#ile an un&er/ra&uate at t#eAmerican @niversity o% ;eirut,#e was a

stu&ent activist an& sent time in =ail %or #is olitical activities Alt#ou/# Jan&aliinitially wante& to stu&y law, #e eventually &eci&e& to stu&y economics an& olitical

science !e ursue& a P# in t#e latter sub=ect at t#e @niversity o% isconsin,

w#ere #e met Joanne )arole Sc#ieble, a )at#olic o% ?erman &escent w#o /rew u

on a %arm in isconsin As a &octoral can&i&ate, Jan&ali was Sc#ieble3s teac#in/

assistantalt#ou/# bot# were t#e same a/eDona Simson(Jobs3s biolo/ical

sister+, notes t#at #er maternal /ran&arents were not #ay t#at t#eir &au/#ter

was &atin/ Jan&ali: it wasn3t t#at #e was Di&&le$*astern so muc# as t#at #e was

a Duslim ;ut t#ere are a lot o% Arabs in Dic#i/an an& isconsin So it3s not t#at

unusual alter -saacson, Steve Jobs3s o%%icial bio/ra#er, a&&itionally states t#atSc#ieble3s %at#er t#reatene& to cut Joanne o%% comletely i% s#e continue& t#e

relations#i

3. BIRTH

Sc#ieble became re/nant in 1954 w#en s#e an& Jan&ali sent t#e summer wit#

#is %amily in !oms, Syria Jan&ali #as state& t#at #e was very muc# in love wit#

Joanne but sa&ly, #er %at#er was a tyrant, an& %orba&e #er to marry me, as - was%rom Syria An& so s#e tol& me s#e wante& to /ive t#e baby u %or a&otion Jobs

tol& #is o%%icial bio/ra#er t#at Sc#ieble3s %at#er was &yin/ at t#e time, Sc#ieble &i&

not want to a//ravate #im, an& bot# %elt t#at at 2C t#ey were too youn/ to marry -n

a&&ition, as t#ere was a stron/ sti/ma a/ainst bearin/ a c#il& out o% we&loc" an&

raisin/ it as a sin/le mot#er, an& as abortions were ille/al an& &an/erous, a&otion

was t#e only otion women #a& in t#e @nite& States in 1954 Accor&in/ to Jan&ali,

Sc#ieble &eliberately &i& not involve #im in t#e rocess: wit#out tellin/ me, Joanne

ue& an& le%t to move to San Francisco to #ave t#e baby wit#out anyone

"nowin/, inclu&in/ me s#e &i& not want to brin/ s#ame onto t#e %amily an&t#ou/#t t#is was t#e best %or everyoneG Sc#ieble ut #ersel% in t#e care o% a

H&octor w#o s#eltere& unwe& mot#ers, &elivere& t#eir babies, an& uietly arran/e&

close& a&otionsG

Sc#ieble /ave birt# to Jobs on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, an& c#ose an

a&otive coule %or #im t#at was )at#olic, well$e&ucate&, an& wealt#y !owever,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_of_Beiruthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_assistant#Graduate_teaching_assistantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_assistant#Graduate_teaching_assistantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Simpsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Isaacsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_of_Beiruthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_sciencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_assistant#Graduate_teaching_assistantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_assistant#Graduate_teaching_assistantshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Simpsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Isaacsonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs


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t#e coule c#an/e& t#eir min& an& &eci&e& to a&ot a /irl insteaen t#e baby

boy was t#en lace& wit# t#e ;ay Areablue collarcoule Paul an& )lara Jobs,

neit#er o% w#om #a& a colle/e e&ucation, Sc#ieble re%use& to si/n t#e a&otion

aers S#e t#en too" t#e matter to court, attemtin/ to #ave #er baby lace& wit#

a &i%%erent %amily an& only consente& to releasin/ t#e baby to Paul an& )lara a%tert#ey romise& t#at #e woul& atten& colle/e #en Jobs was in #i/# sc#ool, )lara

a&mitte& to #is t#en$/irl%rien&, 18$year$ol& )#risann ;rennan, t#at s#e was too

%ri/#tene& to love Steve %or t#e %irst si' mont#s o% #is li%e - was scare& t#ey were

/oin/ to ta"e #im away %rom me *ven a%ter we won t#e case, Steve was so

&i%%icult a c#il& t#at by t#e time #e was two - %elt we #a& ma&e a mista"e - wante&

to return #im #en )#risann s#are& t#is comment wit# Jobs, #e state& t#at #e

was aware o% it an& woul& later say t#at #e was &eely love& an& in&ul/e& by Paul

an& )lara Dany years later, Jobs3s wi%e aurene also note& t#at #e %elt #e #a&

been really blesse& by #avin/ t#e two o% t#em as arents Jobs woul& becomeuset w#en Paul an& )lara were re%erre& to as a&otive arents as t#ey were

my arents 1,000I it# re/ar& to #is biolo/ical arents, Jobs re%erre& to t#em

as my serm an& e// ban" #at3s not #ars#, it3s =ust t#e way it was, a serm

ban" t#in/, not#in/ more Jan&ali #as also state& t#at - really am not #is &a& Dr

an& Drs Jobs are, as t#ey raise& #im An& - &on3t want to ta"e t#eir lace

4. CHILDHOOD

Paul an& )lara a&ote& Jobs3s sister Patricia in 1958 an& t#e %amily move&

to Dountain iew, )ali%ornia in 19


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Dountain iew, #e %reuently laye& ran"s on ot#ers !owever, #is %at#er (w#o

was abuse& as a c#il&+ never reriman&e& #im, blamin/ t#e sc#ool instea& %or not

c#allen/in/ #is brilliant son enou/#

Jobs woul& later cre&it #is %ourt# /ra&e teac#er, -mo/ene 3e&&y3 !ill wit# turnin/

#im aroun&: S#e tau/#t an a&vance& %ourt# /ra&e class an& it too" #er about a

mont# to /et #i to my situation S#e bribe& me into learnin/ S#e woul& say, 3-

really want you to %inis# t#is wor"boo" -3ll /ive you %ive buc"s to i% you %inis# it3

#at really "in&le& a assion in me %or learnin/ t#in/sL - learne& more t#at year

t#an - t#in" - learne& in any ot#er year in sc#ool #ey wante& me to s"i t#e ne't

two years in /ra&e sc#ool an& /o strai/#t to =unior #i/# to learn a %orei/n lan/ua/e

but my arents very wisely woul&n3t let it #aen Jobs s"ie& t#e %i%t# /ra&e an&

trans%erre& to t#e si't# /ra&e at )ritten&en Di&&le Sc#ool in Dountain iew w#ere

#e became a socially aw"war& loner Jobs was o%ten bullie& an& /ave #is

arents an ultimatum: t#ey #a& to eit#er ta"e #im out o% )ritten&en or #e woul&

&ro out o% sc#ool Alt#ou/# t#e Jobs %amily was not well o%%, t#ey use& all o% t#eir

savin/s to buy a new #ome

#us in 19


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o% sellin/ t#em. #e an& o7 woul& /o %rom room to room in ;er"eleyMs &orms,

w#ere o7 was a stu&ent, an& sell t#em to intereste& stu&ents !owever, t#is

business was ille/al an& t#e two o% t#em stoe& a%ter t#ey almost /ot cau/#t by

t#e olice

6. APPLE AND THE PERSONAL COMPUTER ERA

Jobs #a& reali7e& t#ere was a #u/e /a in t#e comuter mar"et At t#at time

almost all comuters were main%rames #ey were so lar/e t#at one coul& %ill a

room, an& so costly t#at in&ivi&uals coul& not a%%or& to buy t#em A&vances in

electronics, #owever, meant t#at comuter comonents were /ettin/ smaller an&

t#e ower o% t#e comuter was increasin/

Jobs an& o7nia" re&esi/ne&

t#eir comuter, wit# t#e i&ea o%

sellin/ it to in&ivi&ual users #e

Ale -- went to mar"et in 1988,

wit# imressive %irst year sales o%

28 million #e comany3s sales

/rew to 200 million wit#in t#ree

years #is was one o% t#e most

#enomenal cases o% cororate

/rowt# in @S #istory Jobs an&

o7nia" #a& oene& an entirely

new mar"etEersonal comuters Personal comuters be/an an entirely new way

o% rocessin/ in%ormation

;y 19B0 t#e ersonal comuter era was well un&erway Ale was continually

%orce& to imrove its ro&ucts to remain a#ea&, as more cometitors entere& t#emar"etlace Ale intro&uce& t#e Ale ---, but t#e new mo&el su%%ere& tec#nical

an& mar"etin/ roblems -t was wit#&rawn %rom t#e mar"et, an& was later

rewor"e& an& reintro&uce&


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Jobs continue& to be t#e mar"etin/ %orce be#in& Ale *arly in 19BC #e unveile&

t#e isa -t was &esi/ne& %or eole ossessin/ minimal comuter e'erience -t

&i& not sell well, #owever, because it was more e'ensive t#an ersonal

comuters sol& by cometitors Ale3s bi//est cometitor was -nternational

;usiness Dac#ines (-;D+ ;y 19BC it was estimate& t#at Ale #a& lost #al% o% its

mar"et s#are (art o% an in&ustry3s sales t#at a seci%ic comany #as+ to -;D

7. THE MACINTOSH

-n 19B4 Ale intro&uce& a revolutionary new mo&el, t#e Dacintos# #e on$screen

&islay #a& small ictures calle& icons o use t#e comuter, t#e user ointe& at an

icon an& clic"e& a button usin/ a new &evice calle& a mouse #is rocess ma&e

t#e Dacintos# very easy to use #e Dacintos# &i& not sell well to businesses,#owever -t lac"e& %eatures ot#er ersonal comuters #a&, suc# as a

correson&in/ #i/# uality rinter #e %ailure o% t#e Dacintos# si/nale& t#e

be/innin/ o% Jobs3s &own%all at Ale Jobs resi/ne& in 19B5 %rom t#e comany #e

#a& #ele& %oun&, t#ou/# #e retaine& #is title as c#airman o% its boar& o% &irectors

8. NEXT

Jobs soon #ire& some o% #is %ormer emloyees to be/in a new comuter comany

calle& e6 ate in 19BB t#e e6 comuter was intro&uce& at a lar/e /ala event

in San Francisco, aime& at t#e e&ucational mar"et -nitial reactions were /enerally

/oo& #e ro&uct was very user$%rien&ly, an& #a& a %ast rocessin/ see&,

e'cellent /ra#ics &islays, an& an outstan&in/ soun& system esite t#e warm

recetion, #owever, t#e e6 mac#ine never cau/#t on -t was too costly, #a& a

blac"$an&$w#ite screen, an& coul& not be lin"e& to ot#er comuters or run common

so%tware

9. TOY STORY

e6 was not, #owever, t#e en& o% Steve Jobs -n 19B< Jobs urc#ase& a small

comany calle& Pi'ar %rom %ilmma"er ?eor/e ucas (1944+ Pi'ar seciali7e& in

comuter animation ine years later Pi'ar release& oy Story, a #u/e bo' o%%ice

#it Pi'ar later went on to ma"e oy Story 2 an& A ;u/3s i%e, w#ic# isney

&istribute&, an& Donsters, -nc All t#ese %ilms #ave been e'tremely success%ul


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Donsters, -nc #a& t#e lar/est oenin/ wee"en& tic"et sales o% any animate& %ilm in

#istory

1.NEXT AND APPLE

-n ecember o% 199< Ale urc#ase& e6 So%tware %or over 400 million Jobs

returne& to Ale as a art$time consultant to t#e c#ie% e'ecutive o%%icer ()*O+

#e %ollowin/ year, in a surrisin/ event, Ale entere& into a artners#i wit# its

cometitor Dicroso%t #e two comanies, accor&in/ to t#e ew or" imes,

a/ree& to cooerate on several sales an& tec#nolo/y %ronts Over t#e ne't si'

years Ale intro&uce& several new ro&ucts an& mar"etin/ strate/ies

-n ovember 1998 Jobs announce& Ale woul& sell comuters &irectly to usersover t#e -nternet an& by tele#one #e Ale Store became a runaway success

it#in a wee" it was t#e t#ir&$lar/est e$commerce site on t#e -nternet -n

Setember o% 1998 Jobs was name& interim )*O o% Ale

-n 199B Jobs announce& t#e release o% t#e iDac, w#ic# %eature& ower%ul

comutin/ at an a%%or&able rice #e i;oo" was unveile& in July 1999 #is is a

clam$s#ae& lato t#at is available in bri/#t colors -t inclu&es Ale3s AirPort, a

comuter version o% t#e cor&less #one t#at woul& allow t#e user to sur% t#e

-nternet wirelessly -n January 2000 Jobs unveile& Ale3s new -nternet strate/y -t

inclu&e& a /rou o% Dacintos#$only -nternet$base& alications Jobs also

announce& t#at #e was becomin/ t#e ermanent )*O o% Ale

-n a February 199< ime ma/a7ine article, Jobs sai&, #e t#in/ t#at &rives me an&

my collea/ues Q is t#at you see somet#in/ very comellin/ to you, an& you &on3t

uite "now #ow to /et it, but you "now, sometimes intuitively, it3s wit#in your /ras

An& it3s wort# uttin/ in years o% your li%e to ma"e it come into e'istence Jobs #as

wor"e& #ar& to translate #is i&eas into e'citin/ an& innovative ro&ucts %orbusinesses an& consumers !e was instrumental in launc#in/ t#e a/e o% t#e

ersonal comuter Steve Jobs is truly a comuter in&ustry visionary

11. HEALTH CONCERNS

@n%ortunately, w#ile #e #a& never been so success%ul ro%essionally, Steve Jobs

#a& to start %i/#tin/ cancer wit# renewe& intensity


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-n late 200C, #e #a& been &ia/nose& wit# ancreatic cancer o% a rare "in&, t#at

coul& otentially be cure& by sur/ery !owever, a/ainst everyone3s a&vice, #e

re%use& to #ave t#e sur/ery %or nine lon/ mont#s -nstea&, true to t#e i&eals o% #is

yout#, #e trie& alternative &iets an& treatments, inclu&in/ acuuncture an& seein/

a syc#ic Only in July 2004 &i& #e a/ree to #ave t#e sur/ery !e loo"e& #ealt#y

%or t#e ne't %ive years, an& so"e ublicly o% bein/ 3cure&3 o% cancer at #is %amous

Stan%or& seec# in 2005

et at t#e ) "eynote in June 200B, %ew observers %aile& to notice #ow t#in #e

aeare& on sta/e, an& concerns about #is #ealt# starte& oin/ u a/ain #ey

became increasin/ly %reuent until ecember 200B, w#en Ale ma&e a s#oc"in/

announcement t#at Jobs woul& not be t#e "eynote sea"er at Dacworl& 2009, an&

t#at #e was ta"in/ a me&ical leave o% absence %or si' mont#s Alt#ou/# #e ublicly

&enie& it, t#e trut# was o% course t#at #is cancer #a& come bac" !e was actually

wee"s away %rom &eat# w#en #e receive& a liver translant in Aril 2009 ;ut #e

came bac" to Ale, as lanne&, in late summer 2009, #ealt#ier t#ou/# still very%rail in aearance !e was ea/er to brin/ t#e %inis#in/ touc#es to a new ro=ect

very &ear to #is #eart

12.BUILDING HIS LEGACY

#e resur/ence o% Steve3s cancer was a ain%ul remin&er t#at it was time to 3ut #is

a%%airs in or&er3 be%ore #is assin/ E an& #e &i&

!e ma&e sure t#at Ale was rea&y to oerate wit#out #im: in late 200B, #e #ire&

t#e &ean o% t#e ale Sc#ool o% Dana/ement to create 3Ale @niversity3, a sort o%

internal business trac" to /room %uture Ale e'ecutives by e'osin/ t#em to t#e

Ale ways o% &oin/ business, t#rou/# actual case stu&ies in t#e #istory o% t#e

comany !e also consoli&ate& #is e'ecutive team an& a/ree& wit# t#e boar& t#at

#is natural successor woul& be #is secon& in comman&, )OO im )oo" Finally, at

#is last ublic aearance in June 2011, #e unveile& #is lans %or t#e %uture Ale

camus in )uertino, a #u/e saces#i$si7e& buil&in/ in t#e s#ae o% a er%ect

circle All o% t#is was in lace w#en, because o% #is increasin/ly &eterioratin/

#ealt#, #e resi/ne& as Ale )*O on Au/ust 24, 2011

Jobs also reare& #is ersonal le/acy -n 2009, #e %inally starte& /ivin/ interviews

to =ournalist alter -saacson to reare %or #is %irst an& only aut#ori7e& bio/ra#y,

/ivin/ #im #is ersective on #is li%e an& career !e also sent #is last &ays

&esi/nin/ a boat %or #is %amily on w#ic# #e #oe& to travel t#e worl& @n%ortunately,

&eat# too" #im too soon, an& #e &ie& eace%ully at #ome on October 5, 2011,

surroun&e& by #is %amily E t#e &ay %ollowin/ t#e intro&uction o% t#e iP#one 4S, an

Ale event t#at #e watc#e& %rom #is &eat#be&


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13.CONCLUSIONS

- &e%initely t#in" t#at Steve Jobs is a /reat erson, very intelli/ent an& c#arismatic

-t is one o% t#e %ew eole w#o #ave mana/e& to stan& out %rom below, usin/ #is

intelli/ence as an essential means to stan& out %rom ot#ers

!e stru//le& to ma"e a ersonal comuter wit# #is %rien& &evotin/ all &ay to

ac#ieve t#eir /oal until t#ey succee&e& #ey sacri%ice& too muc# =ust to meet your

/oal

it# #is inimitable style, autocratic (at 19 years ol&+ insiste& on brin/in/ t#e

ro&uct to mar"et

!e became a millionaire overni/#t by #is a&mirable a&&ress mo&e, because

nobo&y ma&e #im buts because #e was a c#arismatic erson w#o #as t#e ower

to convince eole easily

14.RE!ERENCES

"The Walt Disney Company and Affiliated Companies board of

diretors". The Walt Disney Company. !etrieed #tober $% $&&'.

"What (ade Stee )obs So *reat+".Arhiedfrom the ori,inal on

April -&% $&-. !etrieedAu,ust $-% $&-$.

"Stee )obs /ntrodues 0e1TComputer". Arhied from theori,inal on April 2% $&-3. !etrieedApril 2% $&-3. Stee )obs

uneiled the 0e1T% the omputer he desi,ned after moin, on

from Apple Computer /n...

#tts:RRenwi"ie&iaor/Rwi"iRSteveJobs

#tt:RRallaboutsteve=obscomRbioRs#ortbio#

#tt:RRwwwnotablebio/ra#iescomR!o$JoRJobs$Steve#tml
http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.htmlhttp://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Companyhttp://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-greathttps://web.archive.org/web/20140410045331/http:/www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-greathttp://www.webcitation.org/6FhunILqJhttp://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobshttp://allaboutstevejobs.com/bio/shortbio.phphttp://www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Jobs-Steve.htmlhttp://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.htmlhttp://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Companyhttp://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-greathttps://web.archive.org/web/20140410045331/http:/www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-greathttp://www.webcitation.org/6FhunILqJhttp://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobshttp://allaboutstevejobs.com/bio/shortbio.phphttp://www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Jobs-Steve.html


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