monitoring of power system dynamic performance tutorial part … · 2014-11-28 · monitoringof...
TRANSCRIPT
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 1
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance
Tutorial Part 2, Section 2:
Control Principles Used in the Control of the
UCTE Power System
ETRANS, Laufenburg, Switzerland
Walter Sattinger
System Planning and Studies Dept.
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 2
Content
• System requirements and coordination process
• Primary and secondary control principle
• Control quality recordings
• Standards, rules and settings – UCTE Operation Handbook
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 3
BELIA
NLTENNET
FRTE
NORTH
SOUTH
EREE
PREN
IGRTN
8
CHETRANS
5
DRWE NET
4
AVERBUND APG
Presently separated fromthe rest of UCTE
L: industrial net with B, public net with D
DK: Continental part (ELTRA) only
HMAVIR
PL
CZCEPS
SKSE
HRHEP
SLOELES
BiH
YUEKC
BGNEC
ALKESH
GRHTSO
*#
(L*)
(L*) +
+ DK#
PSE
Centrel
+ TIRAG
3
ROTRANSELECTRICA
Legend:
control block
control area
not UCTE member
= block coordinator
coordination performed in Brauweiler
coordination performed in Laufenburg
observation line
WestUK
MAGREB
Current UCTE Control Block Structure
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 4
Frequency – Mirror of System Behaviour
49.88
49.89
49.90
49.91
49.92
49.93
49.94
49.95
49.96
49.97
49.98
49.99
50.00
50.01
50.02
16:45:00 16:50:00 16:55:00 17:00:00 17:05:00 17:10:00 17:15:00
8. Dezember 2004
f [Hz]
49.88
49.89
49.90
49.91
49.92
49.93
49.94
49.95
49.96
49.97
49.98
49.99
50.00
50.01
50.02
16:45:00 16:50:00 16:55:00 17:00:00 17:05:00 17:10:00 17:15:00
8. Dezember 2004
f [Hz]
Frequency Athens
f - Setpoint
Frequency Mettlen
PP - Outage
PS Oscillation
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 5
UCTE Coordination Center Duties
• Coordination of schedules and accounting for UCTE North/South
• Frequency monitoring / time correction
• Power system monitoring
coordination center
control block coordinator
control area operator
UCTE South UCTE North
market participant
UCTE accounting areas
control block
control area
market
PlanningPlanning
Accounting
Analyse
Measurement
for yesterday
Operating
today
Reporting
Information +
Measurement
Planning
Information
Schedule
for tomorrow
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 6
Primary Control Principle
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Source: UCTE Operation Handbook
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 7
Secondary Control Principle / Network
Characteristic Method
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Source: UCTE Operation Handbook
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 8
Secondary (Network Characteristic) Control Principle
Realisation
Kr
f0
f
+ -
- ACE
+
P0
+
+∆P
PI Controller
C1
C2
Cn
∆PdP
Schedule
Primary control
contribution
Area active power
exchange
Area
control
error
Power plants
contributing to
the secondary
control
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 9
Change of Schedule
UCTE southUCTE north P0
10 minutes
t
change of
hour
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
50.00
50.05
50.10
49.95
49.85
49.90
Frequency[Hz]
49.85
49.9
49.95
50
50.05
49.85
49.9
49.95
50
50.05
49.85
49.9
49.95
50
50.05
January 27th, 2006
Schedule Change [GW]
0
1
2
3
4
5
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 11
1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]
1000.0
-300.00
-1600.0
-2900.0
-4200.0
-5500.0Messdatei: Italia: Exchange Power / MW
1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]
50.120
50.080
50.040
50.000
49.960
49.920Messdatei: Laufenburg Frequency / Hz
Messdatei: Frequency Setpoint / Hz
1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]
3000.0
1700.0
400.00
-900.00
-2200.0
-3500.0Messdatei: FEP: Exchange Power / MW
Messdatei: FEP: Exchange Power Schedule / MW
1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]
3000.0
1700.0
400.00
-900.00
-2200.0
-3500.0Messdatei: CH: Exchange Power / MW
DIgSILENT
Quality of Ramping Jan. 27th
7:45 7:51 7:57 8:03 8:09 8:15 7:45 7:51 7:57 8:03 8:09 8:15
Pex[MW]
Frequency[Hz]
Pex[MW]
Pex[MW]
schedule exchange power
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 12
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 13
Current Status of Operation Handbook Policies
in force
in final stage
under preparation
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 14
UCTE System Operation Requirements
� Reference Document: “UCTE Operation Handbook” – Policy 1 & 3
� Primary Control Requirements
� Secondary Control Requirements
� Tertiary Control, Time Control, Measures for Emergency Conditions
� Operational Planning
� Voltage Control
� Fault Clearing
� Stability
� Outage Scheduling, Data Exchange
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 15
Principle of Determination of Settings
• UCTE Ppu = 3000 MW (max. power deviation to be handled)
• Load Self-Regulation = 1%/Hz – Sytem Load = 350 GW
• Full Reserve Activation if Frequency Deviation = ±±±±200 mHz
• Overall Network Power Frequency Characteristic λλλλU01= 18000 MW/Hz
• Contribution to Control Ci = PrNa/ΣΣΣΣPrNA (ΣΣΣΣCi = 1)
• K – Factor (Frequency Control Gain) Kri = Ci*1.1 λλλλU0
PrNA – Adapted Net Generation (TWh)
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 16
Hierarchical structure of control activation
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Source: UCTE Operation Handbook
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 17
Secondary Control Requirements
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Source: UCTE Operation Handbook
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 18
Current Secondary Controller Settings(Pr
N) net
generation 2002
as from …….. 2004
Control area Country Ci Ppi Kri
[MW] [MW/Hz]
ELIA (**) B 0,032445392 97 660
RWE Net (**) D 0,228287198 685 4646
REE (**) E 0,114768656 344 2336
RTE F 0,215685291 647 4389
GRTN I 0,109483374 328 2228
ELES SLO 0,005283421 16 108
HEP HR 0,004564575 14 93
JPCC (**) BiH 0,004363743 13 89
TenneT NL 0,037409992 112 761
APG (**) A 0,021635979 65 440
REN P 0,017534472 53 357
ETRANS CH 0,026323960 79 536
CEPS CZ 0,028508038 86 580
MAVIR H 0,013336933 40 271
PSE PL 0,054024865 162 1099
Burstyn Island UA 0,002429904 7 49
SEPS SK 0,012381576 37 252
HTSO GR 0,018417772 55 375
EKC JIEL 0,016444698 49 335
KESH AL 0,001323967 4 27
NEK BG 0,014943909 45 304
TRANSELECTRICA RO 0,020402284 61 415
Total 1 2999 20350
(**) In the definition of Ci, the following partial nets are included in
the control area of :
ELIA SOTEL (L)
RWE Net CEGEDEL (L) + SEO (L) + ELTRA (DK)
+ TIWAG (A) + VKW (A)
REE ONE (Maroc) + SONELGAZ (Algérie) + STEG (Tunisie)
EKC ERS (Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske)
JPCC EPBiH (Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine) +
EPHZBH(Elektroprivreda HZ Herceg Bosne) +
and deducted from the control area of:
APG – TIWAG (A) – VKW (A)
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 19
λg = 3000 MW / 0.2 Hz = 15000 MW/Hz (Generation)
λl = 0.01 / Hz * 350000 = 3500 MW/Hz (Load contribution)
Kr = 1.1*(15000 MW/Hz + 3500 MW/Hz) = 20350 MW/Hz
Determination of Secondary Controller Settings
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 20
Summary: System Control Requirements
Primary control
• frequency measurement accuracy = 10 mHz, cycle 0.1-1 s
• primary control reserve according TSO-Forum settings
Secondary control
• ramp for schedule change (-5 min - +5 min = 10 min)
• frequency measurement accuracy = 1-1.5 mHz
• power measurement accuracy 1.5% of rated value, cycle 2 s
• reserve according to recommendation, formula, trumpet curve, 15 min
Tertiary control
• permanent adjusting of secondary control reserve
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 21
Time Control
• synchronism between UTC (universal time coordinated)
and the synchronous UCTE time
• tolerated range of discrepancy = ±20 seconds
• time correction done by a frequency offset of ±10 mHz for 24 hours
• ETRANS gives the offset indication to all control areas
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 22
Voltage Control and Reactive Power Management
• Monitoring of voltage and reactive power flows
• Activation of reactive power resources, generation units AVR settings
• Undervoltage load shedding in case of emergencies
• Hierarchical voltage control principle
• Black start capability for several power plants & power system restoration
schemes
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 23
Network Fault Clearing and Short Circuit Currents
• Coordination of protection schemes
• Fast fault clearing devices, automatic reclosing equipment
• Periodic calculation of short circuit levels
• Methods to limit short circuits
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 24
Stability
• Stability calculations / Studies / Coordinated analysis
• Measurements, WAM (wide area measurements/monitoring)
• Damping of system oscillations – power system stabilizers (PSS)
• Guidelines:
• reducing fault clearing times
• fast valving, turbine bypass
• accurate settings of generating units (AVR, turbine control)
• underfrequency and undervoltage relays on load feeders
• emergency schemes: blocking of transformer tap changer control in
voltage collapse conditions
• coordination of power system restoration plans
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK
Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 25
Thank you for your attention
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK