Mongolian EmpireMongolian Empire

I. MongolsI. MongolsA. Mongols lived in an area A. Mongols lived in an area

North of ChinaNorth of ChinaB. Nomadic tribe that raised B. Nomadic tribe that raised

cattle, goats, sheep, and cattle, goats, sheep, and horseshorses

C. Followed their herd of C. Followed their herd of animals through the animals through the steppes (grassy plains) of steppes (grassy plains) of Mongolia.Mongolia.

D. Skilled on horseback and D. Skilled on horseback and learned as early as age 4learned as early as age 4

E. Skilled in combat/warfareE. Skilled in combat/warfare1. Fire arrows and 1. Fire arrows and spears at their enemies spears at their enemies at a distance on at a distance on horsebackhorseback

II. Genghis KhanII. Genghis Khan

A. Temujin was born in the A. Temujin was born in the 1160s1160s

B. He began to unite the B. He began to unite the many Mongol tribes at a many Mongol tribes at a very young agevery young age

C. Temujin was elected C. Temujin was elected “strong ruler” or “strong ruler” or Genghis Khan over the Genghis Khan over the Mongol tribes in 1206.Mongol tribes in 1206.

D. Genghis Khan’s main D. Genghis Khan’s main goal was to conquer goal was to conquer lands beyond Mongolialands beyond Mongolia

III. Building an EmpireIII. Building an EmpireA. Genghis Khan gathers A. Genghis Khan gathers

an army of over 100,000.an army of over 100,000.B. Divided his army into B. Divided his army into

smaller divisionssmaller divisionsC. Commanding officers C. Commanding officers

were chosen based on were chosen based on ability and not by family ability and not by family ties or birthties or birth

D. Genghis Khan started D. Genghis Khan started conquering the tribes conquering the tribes within the steppes.within the steppes.1. Increased the wealth 1. Increased the wealth of the Mongols and of the Mongols and brought new soldiers to brought new soldiers to his skilled armyhis skilled army

E. In 1211, the Mongols would E. In 1211, the Mongols would attack and conquer Northern attack and conquer Northern ChinaChina

F. Mongols were known for F. Mongols were known for using terrorist tactics to using terrorist tactics to scare people into surrenderscare people into surrender1. Burned cities, robbed, 1. Burned cities, robbed, tortured, and killed hundreds tortured, and killed hundreds of thousands of people.of thousands of people.

G. Genghis Khan would die in G. Genghis Khan would die in 1227, when he fell from his 1227, when he fell from his horse. The empire building horse. The empire building would continue under the would continue under the leadership of his four sonsleadership of his four sons

IV. Mongolian EmpireIV. Mongolian EmpireA. After Genghis Khan’s A. After Genghis Khan’s

death, the Mongols death, the Mongols would conquer land in would conquer land in eastern and central eastern and central Europe, southeast Asia, Europe, southeast Asia, and the Middle Eastand the Middle East

B. Mongols would unite B. Mongols would unite their territories under their territories under one rule.one rule.

C. The largest land C. The largest land empire the world has empire the world has ever known stretched ever known stretched from the Pacific Ocean from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europeto Eastern Europe

D. Mongols would bring D. Mongols would bring peace to lands they peace to lands they conqueredconquered

E. Mongols would E. Mongols would become wealthy by become wealthy by taxing goods traded on taxing goods traded on Asian trade routes (Silk Asian trade routes (Silk Road)Road)

F. From conquering F. From conquering China, the Mongols China, the Mongols would also adapt would also adapt gunpowder for their gunpowder for their own use of terror.own use of terror.

V. Kublai KhanV. Kublai KhanA. Genghis Khan’s A. Genghis Khan’s

grandson, Kublai, became grandson, Kublai, became Khan in 1260.Khan in 1260.

B. Starting in 1271, he B. Starting in 1271, he would begin the ten year would begin the ten year process of conquering all process of conquering all of Chinaof China

C. He would establish the C. He would establish the Mongolian capital in Mongolian capital in Khanbaliq, which is where Khanbaliq, which is where the modern city of Beijing the modern city of Beijing is locatedis located

D. Kublai Khan would make D. Kublai Khan would make himself emperor of China himself emperor of China and establish the Yuan and establish the Yuan Dynasty (“beginning”). Dynasty (“beginning”).

EE. Using the Silk Road and . Using the Silk Road and under Mongol rule, China under Mongol rule, China would become very powerful would become very powerful and wealthy.and wealthy.

F. A European traveler, Marco F. A European traveler, Marco Polo, would reach China and Polo, would reach China and Kublai Khan was fascinated Kublai Khan was fascinated with his stories.with his stories.1. After 16 years of working 1. After 16 years of working with Kublai Khan, Polo would with Kublai Khan, Polo would return to Europe and write a return to Europe and write a book about his experience in book about his experience in China.China.2. The book would become a 2. The book would become a best seller in Europe, best seller in Europe, enticing many Europeans to enticing many Europeans to travel to Asiatravel to Asia

G. Kublai Khan would G. Kublai Khan would take control of Korea take control of Korea because the Koryo, or because the Koryo, or rulers of Korea, rulers of Korea, accepted Mongol rule.accepted Mongol rule.

H. Mongols would force H. Mongols would force thousands of Koreans thousands of Koreans to build ships for their to build ships for their next conquest, Japannext conquest, Japan

VI. JapanVI. JapanA. With the warships the A. With the warships the

Koreans built, the Mongols Koreans built, the Mongols would launch two separate would launch two separate invasions of the island of Japan invasions of the island of Japan (1274 and 1281).(1274 and 1281).

B. Each invasion was a failure B. Each invasion was a failure because of violent Pacific because of violent Pacific storms known as typhoons storms known as typhoons that destroyed Mongol that destroyed Mongol warships.warships.

C. The Japanese would name the C. The Japanese would name the typhoons “kamikazes,” which typhoons “kamikazes,” which means “divine wind.”means “divine wind.”

D. The Japanese would continue D. The Japanese would continue to be an isolated community to be an isolated community where a feudal system thrived where a feudal system thrived until the 1800s.until the 1800s.

VII. China and Korea rebelVII. China and Korea rebel

A. Kublai Khan would die in 1294 A. Kublai Khan would die in 1294 and a series of weak rulers and a series of weak rulers that followed weakened the that followed weakened the empire.empire.

B. In 1368, a series of rebellions B. In 1368, a series of rebellions led by Zhu Yuanzhang drove led by Zhu Yuanzhang drove the Mongols out of China.the Mongols out of China.1. Zhu would become 1. Zhu would become emperor establishing the Ming emperor establishing the Ming Dynasty.Dynasty.

C. As the Mongols lost power, C. As the Mongols lost power, the Koreans would also regain the Koreans would also regain their sovereigntytheir sovereignty

D. China and Korea would D. China and Korea would become united countries become united countries because of Mongol rule.because of Mongol rule.