money for nothing: when nonprofits mislead

7/31/2019 Money for nothing: When nonprofits mislead

1/16

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2/16

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@e`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{ e~lzgxl |`hlz {~lkmgi z|il{ jlkg|{l xbl} gzl {|~~e{lhxe he oeeh eza xbgx e|ih èx olx he`l exblzm{l. Xl de{x {~lkmgi z|il m{ xbgx xbl}he`x ~g} xgrl{. M` lrkbgòl) xbl{l kbgzmxml{ gzl zlw|mzlh xe zl~ezx gii e xblmz m`kedlg`h lr~l`{l{) {e l aè be e|z he`gxme`{ gzl jlmò |{lh.

Xgx{ be mx m{ {|~~e{lh xe eza) j|x bl` [kzm~~{ Begzh @l{ [lzsmklzl~ezxlz Xedg{ Bgzozesl g`h {~lkmgi kezzl{~e`hl`x _gwg{ @glld ieealh gx lslz}

{mòil igzol kbgzmx} m` xbl \`mxlh [xgxl{) xbl} e|`h xbgx g` g{xe|`hmò `|djlz exbl{l ezog`mvgxme`{ bgsl g ~zejild lr~igm`mò f|{x blzl xbl de`l} oel{.Xl ~zejild {be{ |~ m` g kei|d` e o|zl{ m` xbl g``|gi MZ[ Cezd ==>

zlw|mzlh e gii è`~zex{. gr$lrld~x ezog`mvgxme`{ d|{x hlkigzl) m` hlxgmi) be d|kbxbl} {~l`h e` |`hzgm{mò. Xm{ m{ g {l`{mxmsl xe~mk jlkg|{l g kbgzmx} xbgx {|~~ezx{ xblbedlil{{) ez lrgd~il) g`x{ heèz{ xe xbmà xbgx dezl de`l} oel{ xe eeh g`h {bli$xlz xbg` xe xlildgzalxlz{ g`h ilxxlz{ g{amò ez de`l}.

J|x xbl [kzm~~{ xlgd e|`h xbgx gide{x bgi e gii kbgzmxml{ mxb (7 dmiime` ezdezl m` zlsl`|l zl~ezxlh {~l`hmò èxbmò e` |`hzgm{mò. G`}jeh} be bg{ lslzxzmlh xe zgm{l de`l} aè{ xbgx mx m{ md~e{{mjil xe olx jmo de`l} mxbe|x {~l`hmò{edl. _bl` l {bgzlh e|z `hmò{ mxb lr~lzx{ m` xgr ig g`h kbgzmxml{) xbl} gide{x

lii e|x e xblmz kbgmz{ ig|obmò.Xm{ m{ èx g ig|obmò dgxxlz) belslz) g`h kbgzmxml{ {be|ih jl dgamò g` lrxzg

lezx xe {be blzl e|z he`gxme`{ oe6 Mx{ xbl ig) mx mii bli~ xbld he g jlxxlz fej m`xbl ieò z|`) g`h mx{ xbl zmobx xbmò xe he.

_bl` ke`xgkxlh j} e|z zl~ezxlz{) {lslzgi kbgzmxml{ ~zedm{lh xe zl~ezx xblmz|`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{ dezl gkk|zgxli}. [xgxl ekmgi{ gi{e {be|ih jl e` o|gzh) jlkg|{ll e|`h xbgx {xgxl{ mxb jlxxlz {|~lzsm{me` e kbgzmxml{ bgsl dezl gkk|zgxl zl~ezxmòe |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{.

Xl è`~zex {lkxez bg{ oze` m`xe g b|ol ~mlkl e xbl lkeèd}. M kbgzmxml{gzl oemò xe ke`xm`|l xe e~lzgxl xgr$zll) xbl} d|{x md~zesl be xbl} zl~ezx xblmzlr~l`{l{ $$ lslz} ~l``}.

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3/16

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Xe|{g`h{ e e`~zecx{ dm{zl~ezx |`hzgm{mò ke{x{Xe|{g`h{ e è`~zecx ezog`mvgxme`{ m` xbl \`mxlh [xgxl{ dm{zl~ezxbe xbl} {eimkmx jmiime`{ e heiigz{ m` he`gxme`{) dgamò mx md~e{{mjilez Gdlzmkg`{ xe aè be xblmz omx{ gzl |{lh) gkkezhmò xe g [kzm~~{Begzh @l{ [lzsmkl g`gi}{m{ e xbl c`g`kmgi zlkezh{ e `lgzi} ;2)>>> dgfezè`~zecx{.

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dgal xbl kigmd $$ kgiilh zmhmk|ie|{ j} kbgzmx} gxkbheo{ $$ xbgx xbl} zgm{lhjmiime`{ e heiigz{ gx e ke{x) gkkezhmò xe xbl [kzm~~{ g`gi}{m{.

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Xl lhlzgi oeslz`dl`x zgzli} ~ze{lk|xl{ è`~zecx oze|~{ ez cimò gi{l m`$ezdgxme` e` xblmz g``|gi zl~ezx{ xe xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl) lsl` xbe|obgii {|kb zl~ezx{ gzl dghl |`hlz xbzlgx e ~lzf|z}.

Oeslz`dl`x zgzli} ~ze{lk|xl{ e`~zecx{ ez gi{l mèzdgxme` =

Lhmxezmgi6 Gdlzmkg`{ hl{lzsl |`hzgm{mò gkx{ zed è`~zecx{Gii ol`lze|{ Gdlzmkg`{ g{a m{ xbgx xblmz kbgzmxgjil ke`xzmj|xme`{ oe xe bli~xbl kg|{l) èx xbl eslzblgh. [ie~~} zl~ezxmò j} è`~zecx{ e xbl de`l} xbl}{~l`h e` |`hzgm{mò xbzlgxl`{ xe x|z` e ke`xzmj|xez{.

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@e`~zecx oze|~{ gzl g ozewmò {e|zkl e fej{ 7:

Bgzsgzh \`mslz{mx}) ieò gx xbl ~m``gkil e \.[. keiilol m`{xmx|xme`{) gi{e bg{xbl hm{xm`kxme` e z|``mò g è`~zecx xbgx ilgh{ xbl `gxme` m` zgm{mò xbl de{xde`l} mxbe|x {~l`hmò g hmdl e` ~|jimk |`hzgm{mò.

Bgzsgzh e`~zecx ilgh{ gxme` m` de{x |`hzgm{mò gx e ke{x 7;

De`l} ez èxbm o _lj g~~He }e|z iekgi kbgzmxml{ zl~ezx vlze |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{5 Kblka e|x e|z m`xlzgkxmsl_lj g~~ gx g~~imkgxme`{.{kzm~~{ l{.ked%kbgzmxml{.

Dgamò `lw{ gkze{{ Gdlzmkg 78


4/16

8

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[kzm~~{ Bewgzh @lw{ [lzsmkl

Xe|{g`h{ e è`~zecx{dm{zl~ezx |`hzgm{mò ke{x{

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Cezx}$e`l ~lzkl`x e gii ;?)=2? kbgzmxml{ g`h exblzè`~zex oze|~{ xbgx keiilkxlh gx ilg{x (7 dmiime`gkkezhmò xe xblmz de{x zlkl`x zl~ezx{ xe xbl M`xlz`giZlsl`|l [lzsmkl dghl bgx lr~lzx{ gozll m{ g zmhmk|$ie|{ kigmd6 Xl} zgm{lh {mo`mkg`x gde|`x{ e de`l}

mxbe|x {~l`hmò g hmdl xe he {e.E` xblmz g``|gi xgr ezd{) xbl{l 7


5/16

7>xe zlsml be kbgzmxml{ zgm{l g`h |{l he`gxme`{ xe gk$

[B@[ ~bexe ke|zxl{} Oeehmii M`h|{xzml{%Dg`g{exg

Oeehwmii M`h|{xzml{ e~lzgxl{ dezl xbg` :)3>> zlxgmi {xezl{) imal xbm{ e`l m` [gzg{exg) Cig.) wblzl ilghlz{ gzl

zlxbmàmò bew xbl} zl~ezx eslzblgh ke{x{ xe xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl g`h xbl Gdlzmkg` ~|jimk eiiewmò g`m`sl{xmogxme` j} [kzm~~{ Bewgzh @lw{ [lzsmkl. M e|z ~zgkxmkl `llh{ xe jl kbgòlh) xbl` wlsl oex xe kbgòl xbl

~zgkxmkl) {gmh xbl Zls. He`gih Zejlzx{) ~zl{mhl`x g`h KLE e xbl Oeehwmii M`h|{xzml{$Dg`g{exg) xbl è`~zexoze|~{ gimgxl m` [gzg{exg. Xl gimgxl m` :>7> zl~ezxlh zgm{mò (;: dmiime` gx è ke{x.


6/16

3

@E@^ZECMX LR^L@[L[ ZLÊZXLH

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7/16

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ked~im{b xblmz {xgxlh kbgzmxgjil ~|z~e{l{._bgx M kg` xlii }e| m{ xbgx M bgsl g Kbgzmxgjil

[~l`hmò M`mxmgxmsl xbgx ieea{ gx |`hzgm{mò ke{x{)gieò mxb exblz m`hmkgxez{ e ~exl`xmgi è`ked~im$g`kl mxb xbl xgr z|il{. _l gzl slz}) slz} m`xlzl{xlh m`xbgx) Ilz`lz {gmh.

[lslzgi è`~zex oze|~{ {gmh xbl} mii lrgdm`lxblmz zl~ezxmò ~zgkxmkl{ g{ g zl{|ix e xbl [kzm~~{{x|h}.

_bl` mèzdlh xbgx 82 e Oeehmii M`h|{xzml{7:? dgfez gimgxl{ zl~ezxlh zgm{mò (;2? dmiime` gxè ke{x) Oeehmii M`h|{xzml{ M`xlz`gxme`gi zl{mhl`xg`h KLE Fmd Omjje`{ {gmh xbl kbgzmx} mii zlxbmàbe mx kgik|igxl{ mx{ eslzblgh ke{x{ m` zl~ezx{ xe xbllhlzgi oeslz`dl`x g`h xbl ~|jimk.

_l gzl oemò xe bgsl g hmgieo|l mxbm` xbl Oeeh$

mii `lxeza {e xbgx lgkb Oeehmii g`h xbl jegzh{ ehmzlkxez{ kg` jlkedl slz} ggzl e xbm{ m{{|l) {gmhOmjje`{) be g{ ~gmh (83;)>>> m` :>7> j} xblZekasmiil) Dh.$jg{lh ezog`mvgxme`. Mx m{ md~ezxg`xxe jl kilgz g`h xzg`{~gzl`x. M xbm{ m{ lsl` ~lzklmslh g{dm{ilghmò) lii) xbgx{ èx bgx xbl Oeehmii jzg`h{xg`h{ ez.

@e`~zex oze|~{ gzl |`hlz lèzde|{ ~zl{{|zl xezl~ezx ie eslzblgh ke{x{ $$ xbl xexgi xbl} {~l`h e`ghdm`m{xzgxme` g`h |`hzgm{mò $$ m` xbl exl`$lzklked~lxmxme` ez he`gxme`{. [edl kbgzmxgjil oze|~{)

imal \`mxlh _g}) zlkeddl`h gogm`{x ke`xzmj|xmò xeè`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{ xbgx zl~ezx eslzblgh lr~l`{l{ozlgxlz xbg` :< ~lzkl`x e he`gxme`{.

Xl} gzl |homò xbl `|djlz{) g`h xblzl m{ozlgx m`kl`xmsl xe |hol xbl `|djlz{) {gmh Kbzm{xm`lDgèz) g klzxmlh ~|jimk gkke|`xg`x zed Zekasmiil)Dh.) be ghsm{l{ O|mhl[xgz g`h exblz è`~zex{ m`be xe zl~ezx xe xbl MZ[. _b} hel{ g`}e`l xbmà lgzl {e {x|~mh5

]lx xbl ~zejild bg{ jll` aè` ez dg`} }lgz{)gx ilg{x {m`kl xbl dmh$7==>{) bl` xbl MZ[ jlog`

ked~mimò g`h ~|jimki} zlilg{mò hgxg zed xbl Cezd==> m`kedl$xgr {xgxldl`x{ xbgx de{x igzol è`~zex{gzl zlw|mzlh j} ig xe il g``|gii}.

Xm{ bg{ jll` g ieò${xg`hmò gzlg e ke`klz`){gmh _g{bmòxe`) H.K.) gxxez`l} Dgzk|{ El`{) beg{ hmzlkxez e xbl MZ[ Lrld~x Ezog`mvgxme`{ Hmsm${me` ez 7> }lgz{. Mx dg} jl xbgx) m` {edl ~igkl{)de`l} gii{ zed xbl {a}. J|x ~lz{e`gii}) Msl `lslz

mx`l{{lh xbgx. Xlzl gzl lèzde|{ ~zl{{|zl{ e` kbgzm$xml{ xe dm`mdmvl lr~l`{l{.

Xl zgxl e vlze$lr~l`{l zl~ezxmò j} è`~zex{g{ {x|hmlh j} {kbeigz{ gx xbl _g{bmòxe`$jg{lh @g$xme`gi Kl`xlz ez Kbgzmxgjil [xgxm{xmk{ g`h xbl Kl`xlze` ^bmig`xbze~} gx M`hmg`g \`mslz{mx}) bmkb ke`$

ki|hlh m` :>>8 xbgx |`hlz$zl~ezxmò e |`hzgm{mò m{g dgfez ke`klz` m` xbl è`~zex {lkxez.

J|x xblmz `hmò{ zlklmslh imxxil gxxl`xme` zed xbl~zl{{ ez ~|jimk.

M` zlxze{~lkx) l ~zejgji} {be|ih bgsl jll` dezl~zl{{ {gss} xe dejmimvl ke`klz` gje|x xbl ~zejild){gmh ed êiiga) blgh e xbl @gxme`gi Kl`xlz ezKbgzmxgjil [xgxm{xmk{) bmkb gi{e dghl mx{ hgxg gsgmigjilxe [kzm~~{.

[kzm~~{ zl~ezxlz{ gze|`h xbl `gxme` ke`xgkxlh

è`~zex oze|~{) g{amò kbml lrlk|xmsl{ xe lr~igm`b} xbl} im{xlh è |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{. _bl`~zl{{lh) mx g{ kedde` ez xbe{l ilghlz{ xe w|mkai}ke`klhl xbgx xbl} dg} bgsl gmilh xe eiie xbl zl~ezx$mò z|il{.

Zmobx) zmobx) zmobx. M {ll bgx }e| gzl {g}mò) {gmhxbl Zls. He`gih Zejlzx{) ~zl{mhl`x e xbl OeehmiiM`h|{xzml{ gimgxl m` [gzg{exg) Cig. M e|z ~zgkxmkl`llh{ xe jl kbgòlh) xbl` lsl oex xe kbgòl xbl~zgkxmkl.

Bm{ Oeehmii gimgxl zgm{lh (;: dmiime` m` he$

`gxlh oeeh{ xbgx lzl {eih gx xbl oze|~{ zlxgmi {xezl{m` :>7>. Xl gimgxl zl~ezxlh è |`hzgm{mò {~l`hmòke{x{) gixbe|ob Zejlzx{ ghdmx{ bl g`h bm{ {xg {~l`hke`{mhlzgjil xmdl g{amò ~le~il xe he`gxl oeeh{ g`hde`l} g`h xe dgal Oeehmii g zlkm~ml`x m` xblmz mii{.

E|z xzghmxme`gi he`gxlh$oeeh{ e~lzgxme` m{ gj|{m`l{{ ~gzghmod. _l he`x {ll mx g{ g |`hzgm{mòlezx. M` e|z dm`h{) lsl {lozlogxlh xbl xe) {gmhZejlzx{) be g{ ~gmh (;;8)>>> m` :>7>. Xm{ m{ gozlgx m{{|l xe zgm{l) g`h M g~~zlkmgxl }e| hemò mx.

Exblz) {dgiilz è`~zex{ gzl gi{e w|mka xe ke`klhl

e` xbl w|l{xme` e m`gkk|zgxl zl~ezxmò._l klzxgmì} gzl hemò |`hzgm{mò. M xbmà mx m{

dezl m` be mx "xbl ke{x- bg{ jll` kgxloezmvlh) {gmh[bgze` Ke`gzh$_lii{) be g{ ~gmh (=;)3>> m` :>7>g{ lrlk|xmsl hmzlkxez e xbl _l{x Lideeh Be|{mòHlslie~dl`x Kez~. m` zesmhl`kl) Z.M.) bmkb zl~ezx$lh (7.8 dmiime` m` zlsl`|l m` :>7> xe ~zesmhl w|gimx}be|{mò ez hm{ghsg`xgolh ~le~il.


8/16

2

[bl ghdmx{ xe jlmò |`kedezxgji} ggzl bed|kb gxxl`xme` m{ ~gmh xe g è`~zex{ zl~ezxlh eslz$blgh.

Xgx{ b} M hmh`x g`x klzxgm` xbmò{ m`ki|hlhg{ eslzblgh) g{ ghdm`m{xzgxmsl) xbgx d} gkke|`xg`x

xeih dl lzl) Ke`gzh$_lii{ {gmh. M g{ slz} keo$`mvg`x xbgx èjeh} g`x{ xe {ll dezl xbg` g klzxgm`~lzkl`xgol) xbgx ~le~il g`x xe {ll xbgx xblmz de`l}l`x xe ~zeozgd.

Xl F|iml Zeolz{ Omx e Iml ~zeozgd m` Jlg|$de`x) lrg{) xe }lgz{ goe kbgòlh be mx zl~ezx{|`hzgm{mò gxlz kigmdmò vlze lr~l`{l{ ez }lgz{. Xlkg`klz {kzll`mò g`h ggzl`l{{ ~zeozgd zl~ezxlh ezxbl z{x xmdl m` :>7> xbgx (77=)>>> e mx{ (7.3 dmi$ime` zlsl`|l l`x xe |`hzgm{mò gxlz zlgimvmò MZ[zl~ezxmò zlw|mzldl x{.

@e) mx g{`x vlze) lrlk|xmsl hmzlkxez @ezdg[gd~{e` {gmh e blz ezog`mvgxme`{ |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{$l{ m` ~zlsme|{ }lgz{. _l f|{x hmh`x jzlga mx "|`hzgm{$mò ke{x{- e|x. _l è bgsl g kilgzlz |`hlz{xg`hmò._l g`x xe he h|l hmimol`kl e` xbm{.

@ex gii è`~zex{ ke`klhl xe |`hlzzl~ezxmò |`$hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{) belslz.

Ekmgi{ gx _g{bmòxe`)H.K.$jg{lh M`xlz`gxme`gi Zlimlg`h Hlslie~dl`x hll`hlh xblmzMZ[ zl~ezx{ hek|dl`xmò xblmzeza m` dezl xbg 8> ke|`xzml{xe bli~ zlh|kl xbl {|lzmòm` md~eslzm{blh g`h) m` dg`}kg{l{) hgòlze|{ iekgxme`{. Xloze|~ zl~ezxlh è lr~l`{l{ xmlhxe zgm{mò xbl (7;.= dmiime`keiilkxlh j} MZH$\[) g`h f|{x(78);>> m` lr~l`{l{ ez xbl (?>3dmiime` zgm{lh j} MZH M`k. m`:>7>.

Xgx{ ~zmdgzmi} ozg`x{ ezke`xzgkx{ mxb oeslz`dl`x oze|~{imal ezog`mvgxme`{ gx xbl \`mxlh

@gxme`{) {gmh MZH$\[ {l`mezghsm{lz g`h ezdlz kbml `g`kmgieklz [g`h} El`{. Xl{l gzlèx |`hzgm{mò lezx{ mxb xblol`lzgi ~|jimk.

El`{ {gmh è`l e xbl ezaj} MZH$\[ {xglz{ xe ~zl~gzl

ozg`x zlw|l{x{ ez xe {lla ke`xzgkx{ zed oeslz`dl`x{gze|`h xbl ezih {be|ih jl zl~ezxlh g{ |`hzgm{mò.Mx m{ g j|{m`l{{ hlslie~dl`x lr~l`{l) bl {gmh.

MZH$\[{ 8>7$~lz{e` {xg bg{ g` Ghsg`kldl`x

Hl~gzxdl`x xbgx ~zeh|kl{ eìm`l |`hzgm{mò xm~{ghsm{mò ~le~il be xe be{x lmobjezbeeh lsl`x{xe g{{m{x m` hm{g{xlz zliml. Xl oze|~{ J|{m`l{{ Hl$slie~dl`x Hl~gzxdl`x eza{ xe mhl`xm} |`hmòe~~ezx|`mxml{ zed gxme`gi g`h d|ixmigxlzgi heèz{)gkkezhmò xe {~eal{edg` Dlim{{g zmkl.

J|x ^zmkl hlkim`lh xe mhl`xm} be dg`} ~le~ileza m` xbl J|{m`l{{ Hlslie~dl x Hl~gzxdl`x ez xbl{mvl e mx{ j|holx.

Lsl` xbe|ob El`{ hll`hlh bm{ e|xx{ zl~ezxmò

g{ gkk|zgxl) ^zmkl {gmh mx m{ md~ezxg`x ez è`~zex{ xekilgzi} zl~ezx lr~l`{l{._l gj{ei|xli} xbmà xbm{ m{ g` md~ezxg`x m{{|l

g`h e`l lii ezxb }e|z xmdl g`h lezx) zmkl {gmh._bl` mx kedl{ xe zlo|igxme`{) gii zlo|igxme`{) MZH m{slz} ke`klz`lh mxb ked~img`kl.

@ex gii e xbl è`~zex{ xbgx zl~ezx vlze |`hzgm{$mò lr~l`{l{ gzl m` è`ked~img`kl mxb lhlzgi zl~ezx$

[B@[ ~bexe j} Azm{xm` Seia

Mx m{ zmhmk|ie|{ xe xbmà g` ezog`mvgxme` ke|ih zgm{l {mo`mkg`x gde|`x{ e

de`l} wmxbe|x {~l`hmò de`l} xe he mx) {gmh Zejlzx Exxl`bec) ~zl{mhl`xg`h KLE e xbl è`~zex eslz{mobx oze|~ O|mhl[xgz) wbmkb ~zesmhlh hgxg ezxbl [kzm~~{ Bewgzh @lw{ [lzsmkl {x|h} e dgfez è`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{.


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Xl lhlzgi oeslz`dl`x zgzli} ~ze{lk|xl{ è`~zexoze|~{ ez imò gi{l mèzdgxme` e` xblmz g``|gi zl~ezx{

xe xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl) lsl` xbe|ob gii {|kb zl$~ezx{ gzl dghl |`hlz xbzlgx e ~lzf|z}.

Bm{xezmkgii}) ~ze{lk|xme` bg{ jll` slz} zgzl ez è`lr$m{xl`x) {gmh _g{bmòxe`) H.K.) gxxez`l} Dgzk|{ El`{)be {lzslh 7> }lgz{ g{ hmzlkxez e xbl MZ[ Lrld~x Ezog`m$vgxme`{ Hmsm{me`.

Xl e|z kg{l{ oeslz`dl`x ~ze{lk|xez{ bgsl dghl m`zlkl`x }lgz{ ez gi{l mèzdgxme` e|`h e` Cezd ==> kbgz$mx} zl~ezx{ ek|{lh e` jzeghlz m{{|l{ ez ig lèzkldl`x$$ kg{l{ gogm`{x oze|~{ mxb Dmhhil Lg{xlz` ke``lkxme`{)~zedm`l`x ~eimxmkmg`{ ez m`hmsmh|gi{ dgamò md~ze~lz ~e$

imxmkgi ke`xzmj|xme`{.Xl md~ezxg`x ~em`x m{ xbgx mii|i g`h aèmò imò

e m`kezzlkx ==>{ m{ kilgzi} g ig lèzkldl`x ~ze{lk|xme`xeei) El`{ {gmh. ^ze{lk|xme` ekk|z{ xbze|ob xbl "\.[.-Hl~gzxdl`x e F|{xmkl) {e mx `lslz bg{ g` ghdm`m{xzgxmsloegi {|kb g{ l`ke|zgomò dezl gkk|zgxl ==> zl~ezxmò.

Xl e|z ke|zx kg{l{) gkkezhmò xe El`{) xbgx kmxlhm`gkk|zgxl mèzdgxme` e|`h m` xbl ==>{ lzl6

\.[. s D|bgdlh D|jg}}mh) Ldghlhhm` V.D|`xg{{lz g`h [gdmz Gi$Deìg) g :>>2 ke smkxme` ez xbl

hll`hg`x{ gxxld~x xe ke`klgi xbgx xblmz è`~zex oze|~Kgzl M`xlz`gxme`gi g{ {|~~ezxmò g`h ~zedexmò M{igdmkbei} gz.

\.[. s ^mze|v [lhgobgx}) xbl :>7> ke`smkxme` gogm`{xxbl Mzg`mg`$jez` dldjlz e xbl Gi$Bgzgdgm` M{igdmkCe|`hgxme` ez dgamò gi{l {xgxldl`x{ gje|x xbl sgi|l eg j|mihmò e` mx{ Cezd ==>) g`h ez gmimò xe hm{kie{l ke`$xzmj|xme`{ lgzdgzalh ez zlimome|{ lrxzldm{x dmimxg`x{ m`Kblkb`}g.

\.[. s Sm`kl`x C|de) g :>>= ~ze{lk|xme` gogm`{x gezdlz ^l``{}isg`mg {xgxl {l`gxez g`h xbzll exblz ~lz{e`{

kbgzolh mxb imò g gi{l Cezd ==> ez xbl e`~zex oze|~Kmxmvl`{ Giimg`kl xbgx gmilh xe hm{kie{l klzxgm` ked~l`{g$xme` g`h ~eimxmkgi lr~l`hmx|zl{.

\.[. s @gxgiml _m{`l{am) g :>77 m`hmkxdl`x xbgx bg{zl{|ixlh m` o|mix} ~ilg{ ez dgamò gi{l {xgxldl`x{ e` Cezd==>{ gje|x Cml{xg Jei ld~ie}ll{ be lzl zlmdj|z{lh ez~eimxmkgi$kgd~gmo` ke`xzmj|xme`{.

J} XBEDG[ BGZOZESL


Oeslz`dl`x zgzli} ~ze{lk|xl{è`~zecx{ ez gi{l mèzdgxme`

mò zlw|mzldl`x{) xbl [kzm~~{ {x|h} e|`h. [edl dghlg ked~liimò hll`{l xbgx vlze g{ xbl zmobx xbmò xezl~ezx jlkg|{l |`~gmh sei|`xllz{ zgm{l |`h{.

E`l e xbl g}{ m{ xbgx M eza smzx|gii} {lsl`hg}{ g lla g`h M olx ~gmh ez xe hg}{ eza) {gmhOlezl} Oll) lrlk|xmsl hmzlkxez e xbl M`{xmx|xl ezD}liedg g`h Je`l Kg`klz Zl{lgzkb m` _l{x Beii}$eeh) Kgim. Xgx{ e`l g} l imdmx ke{x{.

Xl oze|~ zl~ezxlh zgm{mò (7.; dmiime` m` :>>= gxè ke{x.

Xl ke`xzmj|xme`{ l zlklmsl gzl de{xi} ol`lzgxlhj} e|z "|`~gmh- jegzh dldjlz{. _l he`x bgsl g igzolomx$omsmò jg{l) {gmh Kblz}i Kze{{) hmzlkxez e `lzl{lgzkb hlslie~dl`x gx xbl m`{xmx|xl.

]lx xbl [kzm~~{ {x|h} $$ jg{lh |~e` xbl de{x

zlkl`xi} gsgmigjil MZ[ zl~ezx{) bmkb hek|dl`xlhè`~zex lr~l`hmx|zl{ m` :>7>) :>>= ez :>>2 $$ ol`$lzgii} e|`h xbgx de{x è`~zex{ bgsl g bgzh xmdlhll`hmò xbl gj{l`kl e |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{.

G`h Exxl`be) kbml e xbl gxkbheo oze|~O|mhl[xgz) gz`lh xbgx è`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{ gzl m`hgòlz e jzlgamò xblmz {ekmgi ke`xzgkx mxb Gdlzm$kg{ heèz{ g`h mxb xbl oeslz`dl`x xbgx ozg`x{ xbldg {~lkmgi {xgx|{.

M` zlx|z` ez èx ~g}mò m`kedl xgrl{) olxxmòxbl xgr$lrld~x {xgx|{) xbl} bgsl g` ejimogxme` xe xliixblmz heèz{ be xbl} gzl {~l`hmò xblmz de`l}) xejl xzg`{~gzl`x gje|x mx) xe jl gkke|`xgjil) Exxl`be{gmh.


10/16

7>

J} XBEDG[ BGZOZESL g`h _GWG[ @GLLD


_mxbe|x {xgxl eslz{mobx)kbgzmxml{ hm{kie{l {kg`x

|`hzgm{mò ke{x{

@e`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{ gzl d|kb dezl imali} xezl~ezx |`hzgm{mò ke{x{ m` {xgxl{ xbgx kgzl|ii} de`m$xez be kbgzmxml{ zgm{l de`l}.

J|x m` {xgxl{ xbgx ~lzezd imxxil eslz{mobx) kbgzmxg$jil oze|~{ gzl dezl imali} xe dgal xbl kigmd $$ kgiilhzmhmk|ie|{ j} kbgzmx} gxkbheo{ $$ xbgx xbl} zgm{lhjmiime`{ e heiigz{ gx è ke{x) gkkezhmò xe g [kzm~~{Begzh @l{ [lzsmkl {x|h}.

Xl {x|h}) bmkb lrgdm`lh `g`kmgi zlkezh{ e;?)=2? dgfez è`~zex oze|~{ ~zesmhlh j} xbl gxkb$

heo oze|~ O|mhl[xgz) e|`h g` lèzde|{ sgzmgxme`j} {xgxl m` xbl zgxl gx bmkb kbgzmxml{ gmi xe zl~ezxxblmz |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{.

[mrx}$e|z ~lzkl`x e xbl è`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{m` Mhgbe) ez lrgd~il) zl~ezxlh vlze |`hzgm{mò lr$~l`{l{ ked~gzlh xe f|{x ;> ~lzkl`x e xbl è`~zex{m` Dg{{gkb|{lxx{.

Eslzgii) gje|x 87 ~lzkl`x e gii è`~zex oze|~{

xbgx zgm{lh gx ilg{x (7 dmiime` m` xblmz ig{x Cezd ==>zl~ezx{ xe xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl {gmh xbl} hmh{e gx vlze ke{x.

Mx zlgii} sgzml{. [edl {xgxl{ gzl gmzi} goozl{{mslgje|x zlsmlmò xbl `g`kmgi hgxg ~zesmhlh j} è`$~zex oze|~{) {gmh Dgzk|{ El`{) ezdlz hmzlkxeze xbl MZ[ Lrld~x Ezog`mvgxme`{ Hmsm{me`. Exblz{xgxl{ xgal xbl zl~ezx{ g`h xbze xbld gg}. Xl} heèxbmò.

Xl MZ[ zlw|mzl{ è`~zex oze|~{ xe zl~ezx |`$

hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{ $$ kzmxmkgi mèzdgxme` m heèz{ gzlxe aè be d|kb e xblmz de`l} gkx|gii} oel{ xehemò oeeh g`h be d|kb oel{ xe eslzblgh ke{x{Kbml lrlk|xmsl{) |`hlz ~l`gix} e ~lzf|z}) ~zedm{lxbl lhlzgi oeslz`dl`x xbgx xblmz zl~ezxmò m{ xz|lkezzlkx g`h ked~ilxl.

Iem{ Ilz`lz) k|zzl`x hmzlkxez e xbl MZ[ Lrld~xEzog`mvgxme`{ Hmsm{me`) {gmh m` g` m`xlzsml xbgx {bl{


11/16

77

ke`klz`lh bl` ezog`mvgxme`{ he èx il kezzlkxi}.Ilz`lz hlkim`lh xe {~lga hmzlkxi} gje|x igzol è`$

~zex{ xbgx zl~ezx vlze |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{. J|x {bl~em`xlh xe g d|ixm$}lgz {x|h} {bl jlog` m` :>7> gx xblMZ[ xe zlsml be kbgzmxml{ zgm{l g`h |{l he`gxme`{ xegkked~im{b xblmz {xgxlh kbgzmxgjil ~|z~e{l{.

_bgx M kg` xlii }e| m{ xbgx M bgsl g Kbgzmxgjil[~l`hmò M`mxmgxmsl xbgx ieea{ gx |`hzgm{mò ke{x{)gieò mxb exblz m`hmkgxez{ e ~exl`xmgi è`ked~im$g`kl mxb xbl xgr z|il{. _l gzl slz}) slz} m`xlzl{xlh m`xbgx) Ilz`lz {gmh.

Xl MZ[ hmh èx zl~i} xe w|l{xme`{ ~e{lh m` dmh$Dgzkb j} [kzm~~{ gje|x xbl ilsli e {kz|xm`} $$ m g`}$$ xbl gol`k} omsl{ xe dgfez kbgzmxml{ zl~ezxmò è|`hzgm{mò ke{x{.

Xl [kzm~~{ {x|h} e|`h xbgx g dgfezmx} e è`$~zex{ m` `m`l {xgxl{ zl~ezxlh xe xbl MZ[ xbgx xbl}

bgh vlze |`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{.Xl ez{x g{ Mhgbe) blzl ?= e mx{ 7:8 igzo$

l{x è`~zex ezog`mvgxme`{ zl~ezxlh zgm{mò g xexgi e(;7= dmiime` gx vlze ke{x. [xgxl ekmgi{ gzl zgà xbgxeslz{mobx e kbgzmxml{ m{ {kg`x.

E|z g`{lz m{ ~zlxx} {md~il6 Mhgbe hel{`x zl$w|mzl kbgzmxml{ xe zlom{xlz ez il zl~ezx{ mxb xbl {xgxlg|xbezmxml{) {gmh Jej Kee~lz) {~eal{dg` ez xbl e$kl e Mhgbe Gxxez`l} Ol`lzgi.

Xl [kzm~~{ {x|h} e|`h xbgx kezzligxme` beih{xz|l m` exblz {xgxl{. _blzl xgr$zll oze|~{ gzl èx zl$

w|mzlh xe zlom{xlz ez il g``|gi zl~ezx{) è`~zex{ gzldezl imali} xe kigmd vlze |`hzgm{mò ke{x{) m`ki|hmòM`hmg`g "88 ~lzkl`x- g`h [e|xb Hgaexg " ~lzkl`x-.

Mx jexblz{ dl xbgx {edl e xbl{l ~le~il gzl zl$~ezxmò vlze |`hzgm{mò. Xgx zlgii} m`{|ix{ xbl ~|j$imk. De`l} hel{`x f|{x hze~ e|x e blgsl`) {gmh Dmal^gxxlz{e`) hmzlkxez e xbl ^l``{}isg`mg J|zlg| eKbgzmxgjil Ezog`mvgxme`{.

^l``{}isg`mg è`~zex{ bgsl e`l e xbl ie$l{x zgxl{ m` xbl `gxme` e zl~ezxmò è |`hzgm{mò

{~l`hmò. Gje|x ;? ~lzkl`x e 7)?8; dgfez è`~zexoze|~{ m` xbl Al}{xe`l [xgxl kigmd vlze |`hzgm{mòke{x{ lsl` xbe|ob xbl} zgm{lh (8.? jmiime`) gkkezhmòxe xbl [kzm~~{ {x|h}.

^gxxlz{e` {gmh {xgxl g|hmxez{ {edlxmdl{ zlflkx gkbgzmx}{ g``|gi zl~ezx m xbl} {|{~lkx m`gkk|zgxl m`$ezdgxme` gje|x |`hzgm{mò ke{x{. Bl {gmh blh imal^l``{}isg`mg xe jlkedl lsl` dezl goozl{{msl m` kbgi$

ilòmò zl~ezx{ zed è`~zex{.\ìl{{ }e| bgsl {edl jl`lgkxez be f|{x zmxl{

}e| kblka{ ez dmiime`{ e heiigz{) }e| gzl oemò xebgsl ke{x{. Xgx{ f|{x xbl gkx) ^gxxlz{e` {gmh. Mxbl} gzl èx jlmò be`l{x gje|x xblmz |`hzgm{mò)lii) bgx li{l gzl xbl} èx jlmò be`l{x gje|x5

J|x lsl` m` {edl {xgxl{ xbgx zlw|mzl g``|gi zl$~ezxmò zed è`~zex{) xbl [kzm~~{ {x|h} e|`h gbmob zgxl e kbgzmxml{ {g}mò xbl} {~l`h èxbmò e`|`hzgm{mò.

[mrx} ~lzkl`x e xbl : ~lzkl`x e mx{ 7)7?7dgfez è`~zex oze|~{ zl~ezxlh zgm{mò (2 jmiime` gxè ke{x. Xl {xgxl m{{|l{ g` g``|gi zl~ezx xbgx hlxgmi{be d|kb kbgzmxgjil de`l} m{ |{lh xe ~g} ez ~zel{$

{me`gi |`hzgm{lz{._bmil xblzl m{ è ilogii} zlw|mzlh dm`md|d~lzkl`xgol e |`h{ zgm{lh xbgx d|{x oe xe xbl kbgz$mx}) mx m{ md~ezxg`x ez ke`{|dlz{ xe jl ggzl xbgx g{|j{xg`xmgi gde|`x dg} {xg} mxb xbl {eimkmxez) {gmhLdgiml Ogm`l}) {~eal{edg` ez Dg{{gkb|{lxx{ Gx$xez`l} Ol`lzgi Dgzxbg Kegail}.


12/16

7:

_mxb `lgzi} 7.< dmiime` e ~zex ezog mvgxme { gkze{{xbl `gxme`) xbl {lkxez bg{ jlkedl g` md~ezxg`x ~gzx e xbl\.[. lkeèd}.

@e`~zex{ gkke|`xlh ez = ~lzkl`x e gii gol{ g`h{gigzml{ m` :>>=) gkkezhmò xe xbl \zjg` M`{xmx|xl{ @gxme`giKl`xlz ez Kbgzmxgjil [xgxm{xmk{. Xl} ke`xzmj|xlh >? xe :>>=)

gkkezhmò xe g zlkl`x {x|h} j} xbl Kl`xlz ez Kmsmi [ekmlx}[x|hml{ gx Feb`{ Be~am`{ \`mslz{mx}.Eslzgii) xbl è`~zex {lkxez ld~ie}lh gze|`h 7>.?

dmiime` ~gmh ezalz{ m` :>7>) dgamò mx xbl xbmzh$igzol{x\.[. ezaezkl gxlz zlxgmi xzghl g`h dg`|gkx|zmò. M`xlz$`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl g``|gi zl~ezx{ {be xbl `|djlz exgr$lrld~x ezog`mvgxme`{ m`kzlg{lh j} gide{x 8: ~lzkl`xzed 7==7 xe :>77.

Xl zm{l m` xbl `|djlz e è`~zex{ dmobx jl h|l xexbl zligxmsl lg{l mxb bmkb xbl} kg` jl kzlgxlh) gkkezhmòxe ed êiiga) hmzlkxez e xbl @gxme`gi Kl`xlz ez Kbgzm$

xgjil [xgxm{xmk{.E`l ~e{{mjil m`xlz~zlxgxme` m{) m }e| ieea gx xbl `|d$

jlz{) mx m{ lg{} xe {xgzx g è`~zex) j|x bgzh xe amii xbld)êiiga {gmh. M kg` all~ d} è`~zex oemò m`hl`mxli}lsl` xbe|ob M bgsl e m`kedl.

Gixbe|ob xbl MZ[ bg{ dezl xbg` ;> kgxloezml{ e xgr$lrld~x ezog`mvgxme`{) ~|jimk kbgzmxml{ $$ ez ezog`mvgxme`{xbgx gii |`hlz xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l Kehl {lkxme 7"k-";-

$$ dgal |~ xbl igzol{x oze|~.Gkkezhmò xe xbl MZ[ hm{xm kxme {) ~|jimk kbgzmxml{ gzl

xgr$lrld~x ezog`mvgxme`{ xbgx dgmì} zlklmsl ke`xzmj|xme`{zed xbl ol`lzgi ~|jimk g`h oeslz`dl`x ozg`x{. Zlimome|{ezog`mvgxme`{) be{~mxgi{) d|{l|d{) lh|kgxme`gi m`{xmx|xme`{g`h zl{lgzkb gkmimxml{ gzl {edl kedde` lrgd~il{.

^zmsgxl e|`hgxme`{ gi{e gii |`hlz xbl 7"k-";- kgx$loez}) j|x gzl hmlzl`x zed ~|jimk kbgzmxml{. Ce|`hgxme`{|{|gii} zli} e` g` l`hedl`x ez g omx zed g gdmi} ez gkez~ezgxme`) g`h de{xi} ~zesmhl ozg`x{ xe exblz ezog`mvg$xme`{ m`{xlgh e ~zesmhmò kbgzmxgjil {lzsmkl{ hmzlkxi}.

G {x|h} j} [kzm~~{ Begzh @l{ [lzsmkl e|`h xbgx87 ~lzkl`x e gii kbgzmxml{ g`h exblz è`~zex oze|~{ xbgx

zgm{lh gx ilg{x (7 dmiime` m` ke`xzmj|xme`{ gi{e zl~ezxlh vlze|`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{. Xl{l vlze$zl~ezxmò kbgzmxml{ keiilk$xmsli} zgm{lh g xexgi e (773.? jmiime`) gkkezhmò xe xbl kbgzm$xml{ de{x zlkl`x imò{ mxb xbl MZ[.

Xl [kzm~~{ {x|h}) jg{lh e` hgxg ~zesmhlh j} kbgzmx}gxkbheo oze|~ O|mhl[xgz) hmh ex m ki|hl ~zmsgxl e|`hgxme`{ m` mx{ g`gi}{m{.

Xl m`kzlg{l m` xbl `|djlz e ~|jimk kbgzmxml{ g`he|`hgxme`{ m` xbl ~g{x hlkghl $$ g f|d~ e :< ~lzkl x zed:>>7 xe :>77 $$ e|ih bgsl jll ozlgxlz bgh mx èx jll ezg :>>3 ig ~g{{lh j} Keòzl{{.

G kig|{l m` xbl l {me` zexlkxme Gkx e :>>3 zlw|mzlhxbl MZ[ xe kg`kli xbl xgr$lrld~x {xgx|{ e gii kbgzmxml{ xbgxbgh èx ilh Cezd ==> zlx|z`{ ez xbzll ke`{lk|xmsl }lgz{.

G{ g zl{|ix) ig{x }lgz) xbl MZ[ zlsealh xbl xgr$lrld~{xgx|{ e g~~zermdgxli} :?>> ezog`mvgxme`{) bmkb bghgmilh xe {gxm{} xbl imò zlw|mzldl`x) kg|{mò g 73 ~lzkl`xzlh|kxme` m` xbl |djlz e ~|jimk kbgzmxml{ g`h e|`hgxme`{zed :>7>.

J} _GWG[ @GLLD


@e`~zecx oze|~{ gzl g

ozewmò {e|zkl e fej{


13/16

7;

Bgzsgzh \`mslz{mx}) ieò gx xbl ~m``gkil e \.[. keiilolm`{xmx|xme`{) gi{e bg{ xbl hm{xm`kxme` e z|``mò g è`~zexxbgx ilgh{ xbl `gxme` m` zgm{mò xbl de{x de`l} mxbe|x{~l`hmò g hmdl e` ~|jimk |`hzgm{mò.

Xl |`mslz{mx}{ Dg`goldl`x ^zmsgxl Lw|mx} Kez~. zl$~ezxlh zgm{mò (7.3 jmiime` m` ke`xzmj|xme`{ m` :>>= $$ xbligzol{x gde|`x e g`} e xbl 3)?77 è`~zex oze|~{ mGdlzmkg xbgx gi{e zl~ezxlh vlze | hzgm{m o lr~l {l{) bmilzlklmsmò de{x e xblmz ke`xzmj|xme`{ zed è`$oeslz`dl`x{e|zkl{) m` xblmz de{x zlkl`xi} gsgmigjil zl~ezx{ xe xbl M`xlz$`gi Zlsl`|l [lzsmkl.

Xl kez~ezgxme` hel{`x zgm{l de`l} hmzlkxi} zedBgzsgzh gi|d`m ez zed xbl ol`lzgi ~|jimk. Mx{ ke`xzmj|$

xme`{) m`{xlgh) kedl zed g zligxlh è`~zex ezog`mvgxme`)xbl Bgzsgzh Dg`goldl`x Ke.Xl Bgzsgzh Dg`goldl`x Ke. eì} m`sl{x{ e` jlbgi

e xbl |`mslz{mx}) {gmh |`mslz{mx} {~eal{dg` Feb` Ieò$jzgal {gmh m` g {xgxldl`x. C|`hzgm{mò m{ he`l j} xbl |`m$slz{mx}.

Bgzsgzh e~lzgxl{ xbl ezih{ igzol{x l`hedl`x) k|z$zl`xi} ezxb (;: jmiime`. Xl ked~imkgxlh g`h i|kzgxmslxzg`{lz{ jlxll` Bgzsgzh{ è`~zex{ elz g m`he m`xexbl bmob$c}mò `g`kl{ e xbl `gxme`{ igzol{x xgr$lrld~xezog`mvgxme`{.

Gkkezhm o xe g {xgxldl x ~e{xlh e Bgzsgzh Dg gol$dl`x Ke.{ lj{mxl) xbl ked~g`} dg`gol{ Bgzsgzh \`m$slz{mx}{ l`hedl`x g`h zligxlh `g`kmgi g{{lx{.

Xl xexgi sgi|l e Bgzsgzh{ \.[$xzghlh {xeka{ dg`$golh hmzlkxi} j} xbl ked~g`} {xg`h{ gx (7.>< jmiime`) gk$kezhmò xe g hm{kie{|zl zl~ezx ilh j} xbl ked~g`} mxbxbl \.[. [lk|zmxml{ g`h Lrkbgòl Keddm{{me` m` Cljz|gz}.Bgzsgzh beih{ {bgzl{ m` =7 {lk|zmxml{ ~|jimki} xzghlh m` xbl

\`mxlh [xgxl{.Bgzsgzh{ igzol{x m`sl{xdl`x) jexb m` xlzd{ e dgzalx

sgi|l g`h xbl `|djlz e {bgzl{ blih) m{ m` m[bgzl{ Jzgvmi)g` lrkbgòl$xzghlh |`h xbgx xzgka{ xbl ~lzezdg`kl e xblJzgvmimg` dgzalx. Exblz m`sl{xdl`x{ m`ki|hl {mdmigz |`h{xzgkamò xbl ldlzomò dgzalx{ m` Kbm`g) [e|xb Aezlg g`hKbmil) g{ lii g{ {bgzl{ e xbl ^ljjiljzeea Bexli z|{x $$ gzlgi l{xgxl m`sl{xdl`x xz|{x $$ g`h glze{~gkl {|~~imlz Oe$ehzmkb Kez~ezgxme`.

Bgzsgzh Dg`goldl`x Ke. xeih xbl M`xlz`gi Zlsl`|l[lzsmkl xbgx mx g{ l{xgjim{blh xe ~zedexl xbl lh|kgxme`gi~|z~e{l{ e xbl ^zl{mhl`x g`h Cliie{ e Bgzsgzh Keiilol)g è`~zex m`{xmx|xme` ez bmoblz lh|kgxme`) j} ~zesmhmò

m`sl{xdl`x zl{lgzkb) ghsmkl) ke|`{li g`h dg`goldl`x xeg`h ez xbl jl`lx e ^zl{mhl`x g`h Cliie{ e BgzsgzhKeiilol. Xl dg`goldl`x ked~g`} {gmh mx m{ ~gmh j} xbl^zl{mhl`x g`h Cliie{ e Bgzsgzh Keiilol oze|~ xe ~zesmhlxbl{l {lzsmkl{.

Xl ^zmsgxl Lw|mx} Kez~. m{ èx xbl eì} è`~zex z|`j} Bgzsgzh Dg`goldl`x. Xl ked~g`} gi{e eslz{ll{ Bgz$sgzh zmsgxl Kg~mxgi Zlgix}) M`k.) g`h Bgzsgzh zmsgxl Kg~m$xgi Beihmò{) M`k.

M` :>7>) xbl zlgix} g`h kg~mxgi$beihmò{ è`~zex{ zl$~ezxlh zlklmsmò (?= dmiime`) zl{~lk$

xmsli}) g{ ke`xzmj|xme`{ zed xbl dg`goldl`x ked~g`}.E gii sl e xbl{l Bgzsgzh$zligxlh è`~zex ezog`m$

vgxme`{) eì} xbl ^zl{mhl`x g`h Cliie{ oze|~ zl~ezxlh g`}|`hzgm{mò lr~l`{l{. Mx xeih xbl MZ[ xbgx mx {~l`x gide{x(22 dmiime` m` :>>= xe zgm{l |`h{ ez Bgzsgzh.

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Xl hgxg g`gi}vlh j} Bgzozesl g`h @glld {|ool{xxbgx {edl) dg}jl dg`}) e xbl{l gsezlh ezog`mvgxme`{gzl èx beihmò |~ xblmz l`h e xbl jgzogm`.

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