monday elsegal/talmudmap/mishnah. html
Post on 20-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
Monday
www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html
Overview
• 70-700 CE
Oral TorahRabbinic JudaismIn wake of rebellions
to
Rise of Islam
70 ce to 700 ce.
Centre moves
• Jerusalem destroyed…
• Yavneh then Babylon.
• Jews live all over Mediterranean world and Middle East
Christianity• Begins as a Jewish sect around Jesus of
Nazareth as “Messiah” or “Christ”
• by 2nd century bce, “Nazarenes” take Gospel to non-Jews
• Christianity becomes independent– Lingering associations with Judaism.
Political changesPalestine / Mediterranean
• 0- 4th century Rome Pagan
• 4th century Rome Christian
• 7-8th century South / East: Islam
Political ChangesMesopotamia / Babylonia
• to 3rd century: Parthians
• 3rd to 7th centuries Sassanian (Persian)Zoroastrians
• 7-8th century Islam
Islam
• Prophet Muhammad
• 570 to 632
• Saw himself as the final prophet of the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians.
Rapid Arab expansion
• 7th century: Arab Muslims capture considerable territory
• Many Jews now live under Islamic rule.
Rabbinic Judaism
• Developed 150 bce to 700 ce
• TALMUD completed about the time of Muhammad.
70 to 700
• Massive Political Change
• Massive Religious Change
3 religions
• Islam 620-30’s
• Christianity 1st century
• Rabbinic Judaism 1st century b
Early development of R. Judaism
TWO TORAHS
Torah that is in Tanakh
Oral Torah: Rabbinic teachings.
“TANNAIM”Early Oral Torah teachers
• Tanna – Singular
• Ca. 150 bce. to second century ce.
• Influenced by Pharisaic ideas.
• Bible and Mishnah
After 70 c.e.
New form of Judaism
Without temple
On Pharisee / Tannaim model
“Oral Torah” collected to preserve teachings
offer alternative to temple.
Yohanan ben Zakkai
• Pharisaic teacher
• Made peace with Rome
• Gathered surviving Jewish scholars after 70 ce.
Yavneh / JamniaNew Centre of Jewish learning.
Tannaim
• “Repeaters” of Torah tradition.
New Scholars“Rabbis”
• Preserve – Old traditions– Memories of temple– Teachings of great scholars
Ben Zakkai:
• Yavneh is equal to Jerusalem.
• Temple rites now symbolized in new rites in Yavnah
Scripture
• Increased accent on Scripture / Study
• Temple holiness transferred to individual.
Synagogues
• Assume new role
• Surrogate Temple– Shofar
Yavneh Sanhedrin
• New Leadership
• Innovation and Tradition
No alternative
• “Old” form of Judaism beyond recovery.
• No temple
Diaspora life for almost all Jews.
132-135 bceSecond rebellion
• Attempt to rebuild temple results in disastrous war.
• Simon Bar KokhbaClaims priesthood
• “Messiah”
Oral Torah
• Basis of new Judaism alongside Tanakh
• Oral Torah is Written down
TANNAIMRabbi Akiba
Judah HaNasi
• Judah compiled the writings & teachings of Akiba and others.
MISHNAH
• First major text of the Oral Torah.
• 170-220 bce
• Judah HaNasi.
Love / justice, not offerings
• Hosea 6:6
• Micah 6:6-8
• Psalm 51:16-17
Teachers, not priests
• Rabbi, – by education and ordination, not birth
– Remembered as “sages”
Diaspora
• Alexandria
• Babylon
• Contact with Sanhedrin.
Midrash = traditions attached to Bible
Mishnah = independent
Mishnah: “Repetition”“Memorized”
Major part of ORAL TORAH
Written in land of Israel
Mishnah
Late 2nd Cent. early 3rd.– 6 “ORDERS”
– 63 “TRACTATES”
• Chapters • Sections “Mishnah”
Mishnah
• REMEMBERS TEMPLE
• TORAH INTERPRETATION
• TEACHINGS OF SAGES
Legitimization
God Moses … Sages
Hillel + Shammai J. b. Zakkai