MONDAY 1/4/16

Learning Goal:Identify the characteristics all plants share.

Warm up:What do plants need to live successfully on land?

Homework: Test on Chapter 8 Section 1 & 2 on 1/20/16

WHAT DO PLANTS NEED TO LIVE SUCCESSFULLY ON LAND?

• Must have ways to obtain water and other nutrients• Retain water• Transport materials in their bodies• Support their bodies• Reproduce

WHAT DO WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT OR RELATING TO PLANTS?

• Plant cells• Cell Wall• Chloroplasts• Chlorophyll• One large vacuole

• Photosynthesis• Respiration• Pollination/reproduction/pistols & stamen• Adaptations• Autotrophs

CHAPTER 8 SECT ION 1

THE PLANT KINGDOM

WHAT IS A PLANT?

• Autotrophs• Organisms that produce their own food

• Eukaryotes• Cells contain a nucleus

• Surrounded by cell walls

• Photosynthesis• Sun-powered, food-making factory

• Multicellular• Organized into tissues

PLANT CELL

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ADAPTATIONS FOR LIVING ON LAND

• Algae…

• Plants living on land…• Must have ways to obtain water and other nutrients• Retain water• Transport materials in their bodies• Support their bodies• Reproduce

OBTAINING WATER AND OTHER NUTRIENTS

• Obtain water and other nutrients from soil (adaptation)

RETAINING WATER

More water in the PLANT CELLS than in the AIR = water leaves the plant and enters the air• What is a plants adaptation to reduce water loss?

• CUTICLE • a waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves of most

plants

TRANSPORTING MATERIALS

• Water and minerals are taken UP by the bottom part of the tree• Food is made in the top part and brought DOWN

• Vascular Tissue• A system of tubelike structures inside a plant through

which water, minerals, and food move

• Smaller plants—can simply move from one cell to the next

WATER AND MINERALS

FOOD

SUPPORT

• Rigid cell walls and vascular tissue strengthen and support larger plants

• Smaller plants can support themselves

REPRODUCTION

• Plants undergo sexual reproduction

• Fertilization• Joining of sperm cell with egg cell

• Zygote• Fertilized egg

CLASSIFYING PLANTS

• Nonvascular plants

• Vascular plants

NONVASCULAR PLANTS

• Lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials• Low-growing• No roots

• Obtain water directly from surroundings

• Slow process

• Live in damp, shady areas

VASCULAR PLANTS

• Have a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials

• Provide• Strength• Stability • Support

• Plants are able to grow quite tall

ORIGIN OF PLANTS

• Biologists studied fossils

• Oldest plant fossil are about 400 million years old

• Plants and green algae contain the same form of chlorophyll• This evidence led biologists to infer that ancient green

algae were ancestors of today’s plants

COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES

• Sporophyte stage• The plant produces spores, tiny cells that can grow into

new organisms

• Gametophyte stage• The plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells

and egg cells