Monday, 11/19/2012

Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the functions of major cell parts.

Journal Question: none

Chapter 7 Notes:

Parts of the Cell

Cell Theory

1. All organisms are made of 1 or more cells. These cells contain basic organelles.

2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms. Cells may develop specialized functions based on the complexity of the organism.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Cell Factoid of the Day

How long do cells live?

• White blood cells typically live only 7-8 hours. That’s a short life!

Cell Factoid of the Day

How long do cells live?

• Live bacteria have been found in Canada that are over 500,000 years old. That’s a looooong life!

Professor Eske Willerslev collecting soil samples in the permafrost in the Yukon, Canada. Researchers found half million year old bacteria in some of the samples collected. (Credit: Duane Froese, ScienceDaily Aug. 28, 2007)

Parts on the Outside

• Cell membrane

• Cell Wall (not on animal cells)

• Cilia

• Flagella

CELL MEMBRANE

• Boundary between cell and its external environment

Two layers = lipid bilayerTwo layers = lipid bilayer

CELL MEMBRANE

• Controls movement of materials (O2, H2O, CO2, nutrients, waste) in and out of cell

CELL WALL (plants)

• Surrounds the cell membrane

• Adds strength and support to cell

http://www.aber.ac.uk/gwydd-cym/graffeg/biolgell/cludiant/collenchyma.jpg

CILIA

• Short hairs on outside of the cell

• Provide movement

Image: Richard Superfine

Lung Cilia

FLAGELLA

• Long, whip-like tail on the outside of a cell

• Provides movement

Parts on the Inside

Cytoplasm, which contains…

• Nucleus (nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin)

• ER, Golgi Apparatus, Ribosomes

• Vacuoles, Lysosomes

• Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

• Cytoskeleton

CYTOPLASM

• Portion of the cell outside of the nucleus

• Jelly-like material suspends the other organelles

NUCLEUS

• Control center for eukaryotic cells

• Contains chromosomes

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/

Cell Factoid of the Day

Not all eukaryotic cells have one nucleus…

• Red blood cells (erythrocytes) discard their nuclei at maturity, which makes them better at carrying oxygen to body tissues.

Cell Factoid of the Day

Not all eukaryotic cells have one nucleus…

• Skeletal muscle cells and plasmodial slime molds have many nuclei within a single cell membrane.

CHROMATIN

• DNA wrapped around proteins

• Makes up chromosomes

Uncondensed Chromosome Condensed Chromosome

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

• Boundary between nucleus and cytoplasm

• Contains pores (holes) for materials to pass in/out

http://acs.lbl.gov/ImgLib/ http://elliottcelltour.com/files/QuickSiteImages/Nucleus.jpg

Tuesday, 11/20/2012

Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the functions of major cell parts.

Warm-up Questions:

1. What is the relationship between you and your cells?

Cell Factoid of the Day:

• Humans have about 50 trillion cells in their bodies!

• Blue whales have 80-100 quadrillion cells in their bodies.

= 50,000,000,000,000= 50,000,000,000,000

= 100,000,000,000,000,000!= 100,000,000,000,000,000!

NUCLEOLUS

• Produces the RNA that makes up ribosomes

Photos by Mr. Stephens

RIBOSOMES

• Site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

• In cytoplasm or on rough ER

http://pbs.org

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

• Folded membrane, which connects nucleus to cell membrane

• Site for assembly and transport of proteins

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

• ROUGH ER

• SMOOTH ER

GOLGI APPARATUS

• Packages and ships proteins out of or inside the cell

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/https://www.msu.edu/~lupalisa/

LYSOSOMES

• Membrane-bound sac with digestive enzymes inside

• Digests: worn-out organelles, food, bacteria/viruses

http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/dynhist/

VACUOLES

• Storage sac for: food, enzymes, water, wastes, etc…

http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/jose.deondarza/

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/

MITOCHONDRIA

• Produces energy for the cell

• Breaks sugars (glucose) down for energy (ATP)

http://porpax.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/makeatp/makeatp.htm

CHLOROPLASTS (plants)

• Performs photosynthesis

• Converts energy from light to create sugars and starches

CHLOROPLASTS (plants)

• Green because of pigment called “chlorophyll”

Photosynthetic Sea slugs

http://www.seaslugforum.net/

MICROTUBULES

• Cytoskeleton

• Provides support for organelles and maintain cell shape; used in cell division

http://elliottcelltour.com/

MICROFILAMENTS

• Cytoskeleton

• Provides support for cell

http://elliottcelltour.com/http://tools.invitrogen.com/

CENTRIOLES

• Cytoskeleton (type of microtubule)

• Coordinate cell division (absent in most plant cells)

Monday, 11/21/2011

Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the functions of major cell parts.

Journal Question: Describe the process of assembling and transporting a protein in the cell. Be sure to include all of the organelles involved.

Tuesday, 11/22/2011

Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the functions of major cell parts.

Journal Question: Draw and label a nucleus. Be sure to include all of the parts that you’ve learned about.

Worksheet 7-2: Scoring

# wrong/skipped Score (out of 15 possible)

0-2 15

3-4 14

5-6 13

7-8 12

9-10 11

11-12 10

13-14 9

15-16 8

17-18 7

19-20 6

21-22 5

Each cell diagram on the front page counts as a single question. Completion grade only (are all of the parts labeled?)

Wednesday, 11/23/2011

Objective: SWBAT identify and describe the functions of major cell parts.

Journal Question: none

Analogies…

… should focus on function, not structure

… should be written in complete sentences

… should be clear and understandable.

meow